AU2016407579A1 - Diffracted wave-based detection method for small-sized collapse pillar of working face - Google Patents

Diffracted wave-based detection method for small-sized collapse pillar of working face Download PDF

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AU2016407579A1
AU2016407579A1 AU2016407579A AU2016407579A AU2016407579A1 AU 2016407579 A1 AU2016407579 A1 AU 2016407579A1 AU 2016407579 A AU2016407579 A AU 2016407579A AU 2016407579 A AU2016407579 A AU 2016407579A AU 2016407579 A1 AU2016407579 A1 AU 2016407579A1
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small
pillar
sized
sized collapse
collapse pillar
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AU2016407579B2 (en
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Jialin HAO
Lanying HUANG
Yonghu JIANG
Shengdong LIU
Bo Wang
Senlin YU
Jun Zhang
Xiayang ZHANG
Fubao ZHOU
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis

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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

A diffracted wave (7)-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a stope face (5), comprising the steps of: setting a shot point (2) in the middle of one side of a belt roadway (1), exciting seismic waves, arranging ten wave detection points (4) (i.e., 1#-10#) in a corresponding track roadway (3), and obtaining seismic record by means of a seismograph; respectively obtaining direct waves (6) of the wave detection points 1#-10# and diffracted waves (7) of a small-sized collapse pillar from the seismic record according to a sequence of propagation time of the seismic waves; separately searching for time ti corresponding to a maximum amplitude value in trains of diffracted waves received at the wave detection points 1#-10#; determining transverse and longitudinal positions of the small-sized collapse pillar; and finally determining an actual position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar according to the determined transverse and longitudinal coordinate positions. The detection method can be used for positioning small-sized collapse pillars accurately, is low in cost and easy to operate, fills the blank of a method for detecting a small-sized collapse pillar using a geophysical method in an underground coal mine, and can play an active role in guiding safe stope operation of a working surface.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a detection method for a collapse pillar, and specifically, to a diffracted wave-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a working face.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A collapse pillar is a geologic body formed because a karst cave is generated in a soluble stratum such as limestone, and a stratum collapse occurs in a stratum above the karst cave under the action of factors such as self-gravity. In a working face of a coal mine, a collapse pillar has a feature of being distributed in isolation and randomly, and is usually constituted by disorderly rocks. During a stope process of a working face, because it is easy for a coal cutter to cut coal, but it is difficult for the coal cutter cut rock, the collapse pillar usually needs to be broke down by manually firing a shot, which seriously restricts mining efficiency. In addition, water bursting resulted from a collapse pillar in a mining area is hard to detect and tends to incur significant water inrush, which brings enormous damage to safe production of the coal mine and life of local people. Currently, detection methods for a collapse pillar in an underground coal mine are mainly drilling and geophysical exploration methods (such as CT transmitted wave detection, radio wave tunnel perspective detection, and face detection by a direct current electric method). However, because of low resolution or a limited detection depth, such methods usually can only detect a collapse pillar having a relatively large diameter, while a small-sized collapse pillar (a collapse pillar having a diameter smaller than 10 m) is likely to be omitted during drilling and exploration, and can hardly be distinguished by using a current geophysical exploration method. Consequently, the safety of a working face cannot be ensured. Based on the foregoing status, accurate detection for a small-sized collapse pillar in the working face is a problem that urgently needs to be resolved in the industry currently.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
With regard to the foregoing problem existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a diffracted wave-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a working face. The detection method not only can be used for positioning small-sized collapse pillars accurately, but also is low in cost and easy to operate, which fills the blank of a method for detecting a small-sized collapse pillar using a geophysical method in an underground coal mine, and can play an active role in guiding safe stope operation of a working face.
To achieve the foregoing objective, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is the diffracted wave-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a working face, including the following steps:
A. setting a shot point in the middle of one side of a belt roadway, exciting seismic waves, arranging ten receivers, namely, 1# to 10# receivers, in track roadways at a receiver interval of 7.5 m, and obtaining a seismic record by means of a seismograph;
B. respectively obtaining direct waves and diffracted waves of a small-sized collapse pillar at receivers 1# to 10# from the seismic record according to a chronological order of propagated seismic waves;
C. searching respectively for times /,· to which maximum amplitudes corresponding in trains of diffracted waves received at the receivers 1# to 10#;
D. determining transverse and longitudinal positions of the small-sized collapse pillar; and
E. finally determining an actual position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar according to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate positions determined in step D.
Further, a method for determining the transverse position of the small-sized collapse pillar in step D includes:
I. determining coordinates (x„ /,) of the maximum amplitude of the diffracted waves from a position x,· (1=1, 2, ... 10) of each receiver and the searched time /, (i=l, 2, ... 10) to which the maximum amplitude corresponding in the train of diffracted waves received at each receiver;
II. fitting the coordinates of the ten maximum amplitudes of the received diffracted waves into a hyperbola; and
III. obtaining coordinates (xpeak, tpeak) of a vertex of the hyperbola, where a transverse coordinate xpeak of the vertex of the hyperbola is the transverse position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar.
Further, a method for determining the longitudinal position of the small-sized collapse pillar in step D includes:
a. segmenting a longitudinal axis corresponding to the vertex transverse coordinate xpeak in meters, and sequentially marking a middle point of each segment as y„ (n=l, 2, 3, ...), where a predicted position of the small-sized collapse pillar is (xpeak, yn);
b. if n=l, that is, assuming that the position of the small-sized collapse pillar is (xpeak, yi), sequentially calculating traveling times of the diffracted waves at the ten
Gsource — -'-peak)2 (/source —Yl)2 + Gi- peak) 2 +Yl 2 receivers: t, f = -, where
1=1, 2, ... 10, V is an average speed in a medium, and xSOurce and ysource are twodimensional coordinates of the shot point;
c. finding amplitudes A1?i corresponding to time instants /14 in records of respective receivers, and performing summation on absolute values of the amplitudes to obtain A, = Σ |^i /1 ’
d. similarly, when n=2, 3, ... , repeating step b and step c to obtainrii, T2,...; and
e. comparing magnitudes of A\, A2, A3, ..., to obtain dmax, where the n to which the Amax corresponding is the longitudinal position ypeak of the small-sized collapse pillar, that is, an actual longitudinal position of the center of the smallsized collapse pillar.
Because wave impendence of a coal seam is apparently different from that of surrounding rocks, where the average density of the coal seam is p=l .3 g/cm , and the longitudinal wave velocity of the coal seam is V=1700 m/s, and the average density of the surrounding rocks is p=2.6 g/cm , and the longitudinal wave velocity of the surrounding rocks is V=3500 m/s, according to the Huygens' principle, when seismic waves encounter a small-sized collapse pillar (whose diameter is smaller than or equal to a wavelength, where the wavelength of an underground seismic wave is usually 10 m), the small-sized collapse pillar, as a new seismic source, generates vibrations and propagandas diffracted waves around. The present invention utilizes motion and dynamics characteristics of diffracted waves, not only can be used for positioning small-sized collapse pillars accurately, but also is low in cost and easy to operate, which fills the blank of a method for detecting a small-sized collapse pillar by using a geophysical method in an underground coal mine, and can play an active role in guiding safe stope operation of a working face.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a system layout diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of direct waves and diffracted waves of a smallsized collapse pillar received at ten receivers according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a train of diffracted waves of a small-sized collapse pillar at a receiver 1# and a maximum amplitude position according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of fitting a hyperbola according to the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of longitudinal segmenting and determining a position of a small-sized collapse pillar according to the present invention.
in the FIGs: 1. belt roadway, 2. shot point, 3. track roadway, 4. receiver, 5. working face, 6. direct wave, 7. diffracted wave, 8. maximum amplitude position of a train of diffracted waves, 9. actual central position of a small-sized collapse pillar.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is further described below.
As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, the present invention includes the following steps:
A. setting a shot point 2 in the middle of one side of a belt roadway 1, exciting seismic waves, arranging ten receivers 4, namely, 1# to 10# receivers, in track roadways 3 at a receiver interval of 7.5 m, and obtaining a seismic record by means of 4 a seismograph;
B. respectively obtaining direct waves 6 and diffracted waves 7 of a small-sized collapse pillar at the receivers 1# to 10# from the seismic record according to a chronological order of propagated seismic waves;
C. searching respectively for times /,· to which maximum amplitudes corresponding in trains of diffracted waves received at the receivers 1# to 10#;
D. determining transverse and longitudinal positions of the small-sized collapse pillar; and
E. finally determining an actual position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar according to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate positions determined in step D.
Further, a method for determining the transverse position of the small-sized collapse pillar in step D includes:
I. determining coordinates (x„ /,) of the maximum amplitude of the diffracted waves from a position x,· (i=l, 2, ... 10) of each receiver and the searched time (i=l, 2, ... 10) to which the maximum amplitude corresponding in the train of diffracted waves received at each receiver 4;
II. fitting the coordinates of the ten maximum amplitudes of the received diffracted waves into a hyperbola; and
III. obtaining coordinates (xpeak, tpeak) of a vertex of the hyperbola, where a transverse coordinate xpeak of the vertex of the hyperbola is the transverse position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar.
Further, a method for determining the longitudinal position of the small-sized collapse pillar in step D includes:
a. segmenting a longitudinal axis corresponding to the vertex transverse coordinate xpeak in meters, and sequentially marking a middle point of each segment as y„ (n=l, 2, 3, ...), where a predicted position of the small-sized collapse pillar is (xpeak, yn);
b. if n=l, that is, assuming that the position of the small-sized collapse pillar is (xpeak, yi), sequentially calculating traveling times of the diffracted waves at the ten (/source *peak)2+(y source Yl)2* fri -'-peak)2 *Υι2 receivers: L j = ----, where i=l, 2, ... 10, V is an average speed in a medium, and xSOurce and ysource are twodimensional coordinates of the shot point;
c. finding amplitudes A1?i corresponding to time instants /14 in records of 5 respective receivers, and performing summation on absolute values of the amplitudes to obtain A, = Σ |^i /1 ’
d. similarly, when n=2, 3, ... , repeating step b and step c to obtain?4i, ri2, ...; and
e. comparing magnitudes of A\, A2, A3, ..., to obtain rimax, where the n to which the Amax corresponding is the longitudinal position ypeak of the small-sized collapse pillar, that is, an actual longitudinal position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar.

Claims (5)

  1. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
    1. A diffracted wave-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a working face, characterized in that, comprising the steps of:
    A. setting a shot point (2) in the middle of one side of a belt roadway (1), exciting seismic waves, arranging ten receivers (4), namely, 1# to 10# receivers, in track roadways (3) at a receiver interval of 7.5 m, and obtaining a seismic record by means of a seismograph;
    B. respectively obtaining direct waves (6) and diffracted waves (7) of a small-sized collapse pillar at receivers 1# to 10# from the seismic record according to a chronological order of propagated seismic waves;
    C. searching respectively for times f to which maximum amplitudes corresponding in trains of diffracted waves received at the receivers 1# to 10#;
    D. determining transverse and longitudinal coordinate positions of the small-sized collapse pillar; and
    E. finally determining an actual position of a center of the small-sized collapse pillar according to the transverse and longitudinal coordinate positions determined in step D.
  2. 2. The diffracted wave-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a working face according to claim 1, characterized in that, a process for determining the transverse position of the small-sized collapse pillar in step D comprises:
    I. determining coordinates (x„ /,) of the maximum amplitude of the diffracted waves from a position x,· (i=l, 2, ... 10) of each receiver and the searched time /,· (i=l, 2, ... 10) to which the maximum amplitude corresponding in the train of diffracted waves received at each receiver (4);
    II. fitting the coordinates of the ten maximum amplitudes of the received diffracted waves into a hyperbola; and
    III. obtaining coordinates (xpeak, tpeak) of a vertex of the hyperbola, wherein a transverse coordinate xpeak of the vertex of the hyperbola is the transverse position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar.
  3. 3. The diffracted wave-based detection method for a small-sized collapse pillar of a working face according to claim 1, characterized in that, a process for determining the longitudinal position of the small-sized collapse pillar in step D comprises:
    a. segmenting a longitudinal axis corresponding to the transverse coordinate xpeak of the vertex in meters, and sequentially marking a middle point of each segment as jy (n=l, 2, 3, ...), then a predicted position of the small-sized collapse pillar is (xpeak, yn)',
    b. let n=l, that is, assuming that the position of the small-sized collapse pillar is (xpeak, yi), sequentially calculating traveling times of the diffracted waves at the ten receivers: t1:i source —^peak)2 +(ysource —Yl)2 + CU —^peak)2 + Yl2
    ----, wherein
    V i=l, 2, ... 10, V is an average speed in a medium, and xSOurce and source are two-dimensional coordinates of the shot point;
    c. finding amplitudes A\j corresponding to time instants in records of respective receivers, and performing summation on absolute values of the amplitudes to obtain /\ = Σ |^i /1 ’
    d. similarly, let n=2, 3, ... , repeating step b and step c to obtain A\, ri2, ...; and
    e. comparing magnitudes of A\, A2, A3, ..., to obtain dmax, wherein the n to which the Amax corresponding is the longitudinal position ypeak of the small-sized collapse pillar, that is, an actual longitudinal position of the center of the small-sized collapse pillar.
    .4
    FIG.l
    1/5
    Receiver No.
    2/5
    FIG.2
    FIG.3
    3/5
  4. 4/5
    FIG.4
    FIG.5
  5. 5/5
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CN201610323984.6A CN105911588B (en) 2016-05-16 2016-05-16 A kind of small-sized Techniques in Surveying of Collapse Pillars method of stope based on diffracted wave
PCT/CN2016/083990 WO2017197663A1 (en) 2016-05-16 2016-05-31 Diffracted wave-based detection method for small-sized collapse pillar of stope face

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CN109839663B (en) * 2019-03-20 2020-04-10 山西山地物探技术有限公司 Earthquake recognition method and device for hidden collapse column
CN110531419B (en) * 2019-08-21 2020-10-30 徐州工程学院 Collapse column advanced detection method using Love surface waves
CN110531415B (en) * 2019-08-21 2020-10-30 徐州工程学院 Three-dimensional small fault advanced detection method utilizing influence of surrounding rock loosening ring
CN110632667B (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-12-18 徐州工程学院 Hidden collapse column advanced detection method based on shock wave shock condition
CN111025383B (en) * 2019-11-21 2021-09-24 徐州工程学院 Method for qualitatively judging water filling condition of tunnel front karst cave based on diffracted transverse waves
CN114000827B (en) * 2021-11-05 2023-07-14 中国矿业大学 Collapse column exploration method based on pressure seepage principle and electromagnetic response characteristics

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