AU2015291317B2 - Installation device, system and method for controlling voltage networks - Google Patents

Installation device, system and method for controlling voltage networks Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2015291317B2
AU2015291317B2 AU2015291317A AU2015291317A AU2015291317B2 AU 2015291317 B2 AU2015291317 B2 AU 2015291317B2 AU 2015291317 A AU2015291317 A AU 2015291317A AU 2015291317 A AU2015291317 A AU 2015291317A AU 2015291317 B2 AU2015291317 B2 AU 2015291317B2
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Prior art keywords
installation apparatus
installation
partial
voltage
cable distribution
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AU2015291317A1 (en
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Raoul Scharnberg
Rudi Schneider
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SAG GmbH
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SAG GmbH
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/142—Arrangements for simultaneous measurements of several parameters employing techniques covered by groups G01R15/14 - G01R15/26
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/18—Disposition or arrangement of fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/00017—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/0012—Contingency detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0266—Structural association with a measurement device, e.g. a shunt
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
    • H02B1/20—Bus-bar or other wiring layouts, e.g. in cubicles, in switchyards
    • H02B1/21—Bus-bar arrangements for rack-mounted devices with withdrawable units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/18—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using switches, relays or circuit breakers, e.g. intelligent electronic devices [IED]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation device 1 for installation in standardized frameworks of switchgear cabinets 2 in cable distribution stations 3 of voltage networks, in particular low-voltage networks. The installation device 1 comprises a rider lower part 4 and subcomponents, the rider lower part 4 being standardized for the electrical and mechanical connection with busbars 5 of cable distribution stations 3. A communication unit 7 and at least one sensor 8 are provided as subcomponents. The installation device 1 has an internal, adaptive data network.

Description

INSTALLATION APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REGULATING VOLTAGE NETWORKS DESCRIPTION:
The invention relates to an installation apparatus for installation in standardized switch frameworks in cable distribution stations of voltage networks.
Installation apparatuses of the kind mentioned at the outset are known from practice in various configurations. As a rule, these installation apparatuses involve fuse rails, which are used in switch frameworks dimensioned for all manufacturers, e.g., in cable distribution cabinets on roadsides. In addition, such installation apparatuses are located in switch cabinets of industrial plants, as well as of energy distribution plants. A series of electrical consumers branches off of these installation apparatuses. For example, these include houses on a road section or even larger machines in a factory hall. In the event of fusing, the houses or machines are separated from the voltage network by the fuse rails.
The voltage networks and in particular the low-voltage networks are nearly to completely nontransparent. This means that the individual local network states, for example within a road network, are not known to the network operators. There are simply no means for acquiring the network states and relaying them to the network operator. This also posed little problem up until the use of volatile energies, since the flow of electrical energy went exclusively from the power plants to the individual consumers by way of the high-voltage, medium-voltage and low-voltage networks. As a consequence, the network operators essentially had to make sure that the power plants provided an amount of energy corresponding to the average consumption at all times of the day.
However, the use of renewable energies, above all of volatile energy sources, such as wind power and solar power plants, is making energy generation increasingly more decentralized and volatile. Approx. 95% of the supply from renewable generation takes place in Germany and at low- and medium-voltage networks. As a result, current spikes arise at specific times at specific locations in the medium- and low-voltage networks. But there are only limited options for storing these current spikes. However, storing electrical energy is basically not very economical, and thus only makes sense in exceptional cases.
One possible alternative for storing electrical energy involves conventional network expansion, in which the lines, transformers and switchgear are given correspondingly larger dimensions. This makes it possible to relay the current spikes even over larger distances, so that the effects of frequently locally centered current spikes can be at least partially averaged out nationwide. However, the conventional expansion of voltage networks is very expensive.
By contrast, the technical problem underlying the invention is to indicate an apparatus of the kind mentioned at the outset, in which the disadvantages described above can be avoided. In order to resolve this technical problem, the invention teaches about an installation apparatus for installation in standardized switch frameworks in cable distribution stations of voltage networks, in particular low-voltage networks, encompassing a tab base and partial components, wherein the tab base is standardized for the electrical and mechanical connection with busbars of cable distribution stations, wherein a communication unit and at least one sensor are provided as partial components, wherein the installation apparatus exhibits an internal, adaptive data network.
The term "switch framework" refers to frame-like arrangements, which are located in the cable distribution stations. The switch frameworks exhibit slots into which the installation apparatuses can be placed. For the sake of simplicity, a manufacturer-spanning standard has been developed with respect to the dimensions of installation apparatuses and switch frameworks.
The term "cable distribution station" must be understood functionally, and refers only to junctions at which the voltage network branches. Such junctions can be cable distribution cabinets on roadsides or in local network stations, or also switch cabinets at industrial plants or also at energy distribution plants.
The word "tab base" denotes an element that is suspended from busbars of cable distribution stations by means of busbar adapters. The busbars are fixedly mounted flat bars, which run parallel and horizontally to each other. The center distances of the busbars are standardized, and according to IEC 60269 measure 100 or 185 mm. In addition, there are also works standards that provide busbars with center distances of 60 mm. The busbar adapters are preferably angled, and hook into the horizontally running busbars, thereby simultaneously establishing an electrical and mechanical connection.
The term "standardized" refers both to national and international standards, along with DIN standards, EN standards or even ISO standards. However, they also encompass manufacturer-spanning standards, which have established themselves over time, and have not or not yet made their way into DIN, EN or ISO standards. Meant here in particular are the overall widths of the tab bases, which while not defined by DIN, EN or ISO standards, measure 50 mm (fuse size ΝΗ00) or 100 mm (fuse size NH1 to NH3) for all manufacturers. The fuse sizes NHOO to NH03 are here assigned to amperages of 160, 250, 400 or 630 A. The overall heights of the tab bases do vary, but several dimensions have here established themselves as well. For example, these are 400 mm for fuse size ΝΗ00 or 740 mm for fuse sizes NH1 to NH3.
The installation apparatuses are often integrated into switch frameworks, so that the switch frameworks enclose the installation apparatuses individually or also as a whole. In the case of individual enclosures, the installation apparatuses must thus have dimensions that are less than or equal to the standardized dimensions in terms of overall width and height. As a consequence, the term "standardized" means at least that the tab base according to the invention has dimensions that are less than or especially preferably equal to the respective aforementioned dimensions of the standards.
The term "sensors" refers to components that encompass one or more different parameters. The parameters can include amperage and/or voltage, but also temperature. In particular when measuring amperage or voltage, the sensors can be simple electrical lines. However, the sensors can also be more complex components, for example which take on the job of measuring the voltage quality or electricity metering. Consequently, terms like power quality interface or smart meters can be construed as sensors. The individual sensors can thus exhibit their own computing units. However, the sensors can also be interconnected by a shared computing unit. The computing unit or computing units are preferably used to process the obtained measured values. The computing unit or computing units can represent a data filter, which bundles he measured value data, for example in arithmetically averaged form. The computing unit or computing units can convert the analog values into digital values and/or provide them with a timestamp. The computing unit or computing units can calculate additional values, such as frequencies and power factor, from the respective parameters, e.g., the current amperage and current voltage.
The sensors can be arranged before or after the junction in cable distribution stations. The sensors can be situated at any locations desired in the respective cable distribution station. Especially preferred are the busbars, the cables to and from the cable distribution station, the busbar adapters and slots in or on the fuse rails themselves.
Recorded data from the sensor or sensors are then transferred to a communication unit, which transmits the data to a centralized and/or decentralized higher-level control center. The type of transmission can be any of the conventional communication technologies (Broadband over PowerLine Communication (BPL) or PowerLine Communication (PLC) or PowerLAN, radio, RF-Mesh, satellite broadcasting, optical fibers, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Long Term Evolution (LTE), terrestrial trunked radio, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), etc.). The communication protocol IP and usual Smart Grid protection profiles are preferably used. In the case of PowerLine Communication, the information is routed directly over the voltage networks. In particular, a combination of radio and PowerLine Communication is possible. For example, cable distribution cabinets and local network stations can communicate via PowerLine Communication, whereas the local network stations exchange the data with the higher-level control center by radio. Other combinations of the communication technologies mentioned at the outset are here possible .
The term "data network" means that the partial components of the installation apparatuses are connected with each other via the data network for communication purposes. The data network is internal, and hence limited to the communication from the partial components inside of the installation apparatus in the cable distribution station. However, the data network is also adaptive, so that additional partial components can expand the data network inside of the cable distribution station at any time. In particular, the data network is adaptive in the sense that it is automatically expanded by merely physically adding more partial components. Adaptive is preferably to be understood in the sense of Plug & Play. It is especially preferable that the data network be adaptive in the sense of avoiding an initialization or installation step on the software level.
The data network can be a data bus or also a wireless network. The data bus is preferably expanded by merely plugging in corresponding connectors of the partial components. The data bus is preferably integrated into the tab base, and offers plug-in locations distributed over the tab base, so that merely plugging in correspondingly shorter cables of the partial components automatically expands the data network. The data bus advantageously corresponds to a ribbon cable with insulation-displacement connectors. The installation apparatus can preferably also be expanded to two or more tab bases. Possible wireless networks include Bluetooth or also WLAN, ZigBee or the like. In one embodiment, the data network uses PowerLine Communication, i.e., communication over power lines with the network protocol language IP. The usual data communication protocols and security protocols are preferably used here as well.
It lies within the framework of the invention that the tab base encompasses a preassembled receptacle for modularly accommodating partial components. "Preassembled" here means that the receptacle is fastened to the tab base ex works, so that the receptacle and tab base need not be connected on site, i.e., at the cable distribution station. The receptacle is preferably a top-hat rail, which especially preferably corresponds to standard DIN EN 60715. The top-hat rail further preferably exhibits edge lengths of 35 x 7.5 mm, as described in standard DIN EN 60715. The term "modular accommodation" means that the partial components can be especially easily fastened to the receptacle and then be removed again as well. In particular, the partial components can be fastened to the receptacle just by latching . A current transformer is preferably provided as a partial component. The current transformer converts the voltage from one or more of the busbars into an operating voltage for the partial components, so that the latter are correspondingly supplied. The current transformer can be a feed-in transformer, which is situated in the area of the busbar adapters. The current transformer can also be a block transformer, which converts the voltages of all three phases, for example the foot of the tag base.
An uninterruptible power supply is preferably provided as a partial component. The uninterruptible power supply is used to supply the partial components in the event of a power failure, so that especially important information can be transmitted to the control center during the power failure. The power supply preferably encompasses an accumulator, a transformer, a switching relay, a logic and a communication port.
It lies within the framework of the invention that an overcurrent protection device is provided as a partial component. The overcurrent protection device is used to protect the partial components against excessively high currents. The overcurrent protection device can be designed as a fuse or circuit breaker. It is further preferable that the overcurrent protection device be switchable. In an especially preferred embodiment, the overvoltage protection device exhibits an electronic fuse monitor, which in the event of a fuse response by the overvoltage protection device sends corresponding information to the computing unit and/or control center. It lies within the framework of the invention that a fault-current circuit breaker be provided as the partial component. The fault-current circuit breaker is used to protect the specialized personnel against fault currents. The fault-current circuit breaker is preferably used in combination with the overcurrent protection device. The fault-current circuit breaker advantageously has an electronic fuse monitor. In the event of a fault current, the electronic fuse monitor sends a corresponding signal to the computing unit and/or communication unit and/or control center.
An analog-to-digital converter is preferably provided as a partial component. The analog-to-digital converter converts analog values of the sensors into digital values. The digital values can be made available to the computing unit or communication unit. In particular, the analog-to-digital converter is an inline-controller.
An electricity meter interface is preferably provided as a partial component. In particular, the term "electricity meter" here also encompasses so-called smart meters. The electricity meter interface can be connected with one or more corresponding electricity meters. It is best for the electricity meters to be arranged in the cable distribution station. The electricity meters are advantageously connected with the cables leading away from the cable distribution station. Cables leading away from the cable distribution stations are those that further branch the voltage network. In a preferred embodiment, the electricity meters are located under the fuse rails. The electricity meters are advantageously connected with street cables.
An actuator is advantageously provided as a partial component. The actuator is an element that actuates feeders and/or consumers. The actuator is preferably a coupling relay, with which inverters of photovoltaic plants can be hooked up to the voltage network and separated from the latter, for example. The actuator is preferably an actuatable charging interface, for example for electric vehicles. The actuators are output elements, with which the control center or installation apparatus can exert influence on the local electricity supply or local electricity demand.
The communication unit preferably exhibits an IP address. As a result, the communication unit can be addressed according to the internationally very common IP standard. It is especially preferred that the communication unit be IPsec-capable for communication with the control center or understand the usual and required protection profiles, which affords a certain measure of security when it comes to information technology. The communication unit is preferably a network switch in the form of a hub/modem/switches. It is further preferred that one or more of the partial components exhibit IP addresses.
It lies within the framework of the invention that the sensor can be modularly attached to the installation apparatus. The term "modular" here means that the sensor can be especially easily attached to the installation apparatus. In particular, it means that the sensor is joined with the installation apparatus just by insertion, and that then no further initialization or installation steps are required. The sensor and installation apparatus are preferably Plug&Play capable. In another embodiment, the sensors can also be wirelessly linked to the installation apparatus via the adaptive data network.
It is advantageous that the installation apparatus encompasses a cover. The cover protects the partial components against weathering, and especially advantageously seals the partial components airtight. The cover is preferably transparent, so that which partial components are hooked up to the installation apparatuses can be discerned at a glance in the closed state already.
In a preferred embodiment, the installation apparatus exhibits an electrical line for supplying power to the partial components, wherein the electrical line extends over a majority of the installation apparatus.
The electrical line is advantageously integrated into the tab base, and provides connections in the form of standardized sockets and/or plugs. In an advantageous embodiment, the partial components exhibit plugs, which are automatically connected with sockets of the electrical line while the partial components latch into the preassembled receptacle. In a preferred embodiment, the preassembled receptacle acts as the ground potential. The integrated electrical line advantageously carries the potential of the operating voltage.
It lies within the framework of the invention that the preassembled receptacle is part of the data network. The partial components preferably communicate via PowerLine Communication over the preassembled receptacle. In an embodiment, adapters tap the PowerLine Communication modulations from the preassembled receptacle, and make the data obtained from the PowerLine Communication modulations available to standardized connections of the adapters. Standardized connections can be USB or Ethernet connections, for example. In another embodiment, the partial components exhibit adapters, which tap the PowerLine Communication modulations from the preassembled receptacle, and thereby make them available to the partial components. In this way, the preassembled receptacle can be used to establish a connection of the partial components from both a mechanical and information technology standpoint merely by latching.
In order to resolve the technical problem, the invention also teaches about a system for intelligently distributing electrical energy, with at least one installation apparatus according to the invention and a control center. The control center receives information about the network states at the individual cable distribution stations from the communication units of the installation apparatuses.
As a result, the network states are acquired with a relatively high spatial resolution. In particular, voltage band violations or overload currents are detected, which can potentially be offset via corresponding control actions from the control center and/or from the individual installation apparatus. The data collected by the control center or control centers can be used to further synchronize the latter with weather data, traffic data, tariff models and the like. For example, by evaluating weather data for regionally limited regions, the control center can signal to consumers, e.g., via a so-called StromAmpel indicator, that power consumption is to be increased or decreased.
In order to resolve the technical problem, the invention also teaches about a method for intelligently distributing electrical energy, with at least one installation apparatus according to the invention, wherein the installation apparatus is built into a switch framework of a cable distributions station of voltage networks, wherein the sensor built into the installation apparatus performs measurements, wherein the communication device built into the installation apparatus relays the measured values to a control center, wherein the installation apparatus and/or control center evaluates the measured values, wherein the measured values are used to control the energy flows in the voltage networks, so as to avoid value range violations, for example voltage or overload current violations.
The invention is based upon the knowledge that the installation apparatus according to the invention, the system according to the invention and the method according to the invention increase the transparency in particular of medium- and low-voltage networks, and the modularity principle keeps the outlay required for this purpose as low as possible. The installation apparatus first makes it especially easy to install the installation apparatus in cable distribution stations, because the installation apparatus is correspondingly dimensioned especially for this purpose. If desired, various partial components can be especially easily integrated into the installation apparatus and parametrized for the respective network circumstances. In a preferred embodiment, the partial components are fastened to the installation apparatus just by latching, and thereby simultaneously connected with the latter in terms of information technology, without there having to be any further installation requirements. Assembly is easy and entails little cabling work, which also improves the safety of specialized personnel. Finally, the installation apparatus can be retrofitted at any time without any major outlay thanks to the modularity principle. As a consequence, the invention represents an inexpensive alternative to conventional network expansion.
The invention will be explained in more detail below based on a drawing that depicts just a single exemplary embodiment. Schematically shown on:
Fig. 1 is a system according to the invention for controlling medium- and low-voltage networks,
Fig. 2 is a cable distribution cabinet of the system from Fig. 1 that reflects prior art,
Fig. 3 is an installation apparatus according to the invention for installation in the cable distribution cabinet from Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 shows a medium-voltage network 18 and a low-voltage network 22, which are connected with each other by a local network station 21 with transformer. The two networks 18, 22 exhibit both feeders and consumers. For example, the medium-voltage network 18 has a wind power plant 19, a solar power plant 20 in the form of a solar park, as well as a water tower 24, which through its pump acts as an energy storage system.
Cable distribution cabinets 3 divide the low-voltage network 22 into individual road network cables 23. In turn, the road network cables 23 each separately encompass a series of pure consumers 25, 27, and consumers 26 with a volatile feed. The low-voltage network 22 can also exhibit controllable feeders 28, which at readily determinable times can feed power into the low-voltage network 22. Biogas plants represent an example for controllable feeders 28 .
The system according to the invention shown on Fig. 1 encompasses cable distribution cabinets 3, local network stations 21 and larger, volatile feeders 19,20, which are able to acquire network states and transmit them to a control center, e.g., by radio (as symbolized). In this way, the nontransparent low-voltage network 22 and the at best partially transparent medium-voltage network become more transparent in the sense that the control center 17 now can acquire and process network states with a higher spatial resolution. The control center 17 harmonizes the volatile electricity supplies with the volatile electricity demands or the predictable or controllable electricity demands and electricity supplies. Given very strong current spikes in the medium-voltage network 18, for example on sunny and windy Sundays, water towers 29 can at least partially capture and temporarily store the current spikes in response to a command from the control center 17.
Only if the network states are also known at the level of the individual road network cables 2 of the low-voltage network 22 can individual current spikes still be offset inside a network of a cable distribution station 3, 21, i.e., in a decentralized manner. As a consequence, the currents ae carried in a decentralized and intelligent manner, thereby unburdening central lines. Finally, intelligent current conduction thus represents an alternative to conventional network expansion with larger dimensioned lines and components.
Fig. 2 shows a typical cable distribution cabinet 3 according to prior art. A cable of the low-voltage network 22 leading to the local network station 21 is connected with three busbars 5, which each carry a phase (Ll, L2 or L3). Angular busbar adapters are used to hang fuse rails 30 on the busbars 5. In addition to the electrical connection, the busbar adapters also establish the electrical connection between the fuse rails 30 and busbars 5. A cable 23 branches from each fuse rail 30, and supplies the respective road network cable 23. The fuse rails 30 are located in switch frameworks 2, which frame the fuse rails 30. The switch framework 2 also exhibits a free slot 29, which has the usual dimensions set forth in the standard for all manufacturers. This free slot 29 previously served as a reserve slot, but is now occupied by the installation apparatus 1 according to the invention.
Fig. 3 presents a front view and simplified block diagram of the installation apparatus 1 according to the invention.
The installation apparatus 1 initially exhibits a tab base 4, which encompasses busbar adapters situated on the rear side, and thus can be readily hung on the busbars 5 of the cable distribution cabinet 3. The tab base 4 also corresponds to the manufacturer-spanning standard relating to dimensions, so that the installation apparatus 1 can be smoothly placed in the free slot 29 of the switch framework 2 of the cable distribution cabinet 3. A top-hat rail 9 according to DIN EN 60715 with the edge dimensions 35 x 7.5 mm runs along the front side of the tab base 4, so that partial components can be fastened to the tab base 4.
The installation apparatus 1 further exhibits a computing unit 6, a communication unit 7 along with one or more sensors 8. The sensors 8 in the form of electrical lines are arranged on the cables 22, 23, on the busbars 5 or on the fuse rails 30, for example, and acquire currents or voltages. The sensors 8 are connected with the installation apparatus 1 with digitizing measuring cards in plug-in locations 16 of the computing unit 6. The computing unit 6 is designed as a Power Quality Interface, and solves numerous measuring tasks in electrical networks according to network quality standards. Linkage takes place via the communication protocol IEC 61850 and via a TCP-IP interface with a connection to the communication unit 7. The data of the sensors 8 are filtered through the computer unit 6 and preprocessed, and finally transmitted to the communication unit 7 by means of a data bus integrated into the tab base 4. Alternatively, the raw data of the sensors 8 can also be digitized by an analog-to-digital converter 31, and then relayed to the communication unit 7. The data bus is adaptive, i.e., can be expanded by additional partial components at any time via a simple plug connection. This data bus is designed as a ribbon cable with insulation-displacement connectors.
The communication unit 7 sends the preprocessed data to the control center 17. Data transmission between the communication unit 7 and control center 17 takes place via satellite broadcasting. To this end, the communication unit 7 receives an IP address, through which the control center 17 and communication unit 7 can communicate with each other via the standardized IPSec protocol.
The installation apparatus 1 further encompasses a current transformer 10 in the form of a feed-in transformer. The feed-in transformer taps the current from the corresponding busbar 5 in the area of a busbar adapter, and converts the voltage from 230 volts of alternating voltage, e.g., down to 24 volts of direct voltage. The 24 volt potential serves as operating voltage for the partial components connected to the installation apparatus 1. The operating voltage potential is carried on an electrical line integrated into the tab base 4.
Provided on the installation apparatus 1 is an uninterruptible power supply 11, which ensures the continued operation of the installation apparatus 1 in the event of a power failure, and in so doing can transmit valuable information to the control center 17 precisely during the downtime. The uninterruptible power supply 11 is equipped in a known manner with an accumulator, a transformer, a switching relay, as well as a corresponding logic .
For safety purposes, the installation apparatus 1 also has arranged on it an overcurrent protection device 12, which protects the partial components against corresponding overcurrent. A fault-current circuit breaker 13 serves to protect the specialized personnel, who installs and services the installation apparatuses. The fault-current circuit breaker 13 integrates an electronic fuse monitor 15, which is activated right after a response by the fuse of the fault-current circuit breaker 13, and sends a signal to the control center 17. In the event of disruptions, the control center is as a result notified about the disruption in real time and with precise localization. While the communication unit 7 is also able to report faults, redundancy does make sense in the case of fault messages. The electronic fuse monitor 15 is designed to provide a potential-free contact notification. This signal is relayed to an analog-to-digital converter 31. The connection between the communication unit 7 and analog-to-digital converter 31 also makes the electronic fuse monitor 15 remotely readable.
An electricity meter interface 32 is also provided on the installation apparatus 1. The electricity meter interface permits a connection with an electricity meter 33, which meters the electricity of the road network cables 23 or electricity to house connections.
Finally, the installation apparatus 1 encompasses actuators 14 in the form of coupling relays. The coupling relays galvanically separate the circuits of the busbars 5 from those of inverters, for example, which are connected with photovoltaic systems of the houses. For example, switching the coupling relays makes it possible to hook up the photovoltaic systems to the low-voltage network 22 or separate them from the latter. As a consequence, the coupling relays afford optional ways for adjusting the electricity supply to electricity demand. The coupling relays are connected with the computing unit 6, as are the sensors 8 . The charging interfaces are connected with corresponding outlets of parking spaces or garages.

Claims (14)

  1. PATENT CLAIMS:
    1. An installation apparatus (1) for installation in standardized switch frameworks (2) in cable distribution stations (3) of voltage networks (18, 22), in particular of low-voltage networks (22), encompassing a tab base (4) as well as partial components, wherein the tab base (4) is standardized for the electrical and mechanical connection with busbars (5) of cable distribution stations (3), wherein a communication unit (7) and at least one sensor (8) are provided as partial components, wherein the installation apparatus (1) exhibits an internal, adaptive data network.
  2. 2. The installation apparatus (1) according to claim 1, wherein the tab base (4) encompasses a preassembled receptacle (9) for modularly accommodating partial components .
  3. 3. The installation apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a current transformer (10) is provided as a partial component.
  4. 4. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an uninterruptible power supply (11) is provided as a partial component.
  5. 5. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an overcurrent protection device (12) and/or a fault-current circuit breaker (13) is provided as a partial component.
  6. 6. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an analog-to-digital converter (31) is provided as a partial component. Ί. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an electricity meter interface (32) is provided as a partial component.
  7. 8. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an actuator (14) is provided as a partial component.
  8. 9. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the communication unit (6) exhibits an IP address, and preferably is IPsec-capable.
  9. 10. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the sensor (7), preferably at least one additional sensor (8) , and especially preferably at least one actuator (14) can be modularly attached to the installation apparatus (1).
  10. 11. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the installation apparatus (1) encompasses a cover, preferably a transparent one.
  11. 12. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the installation apparatus (1) exhibits an electrical line for supplying power to the partial components, wherein the electrical line extends over a majority of the installation apparatus (1)
  12. 13. The installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 2 to 12, wherein the preassembled receptacle is part of the data network.
  13. 14. A system for intelligently distributing electrical energy, with at least one installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13 and a control center (17).
  14. 15. A method for intelligently distributing electrical energy, with at least one installation apparatus (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the installation apparatus (1) is built into a switch framework (2) of a cable distribution station (3) of voltage networks, wherein the sensor (8) built into the installation apparatus (1) performs measurements, wherein the communication device (7) built into the installation apparatus (1) relays the measured values to a control center (17), wherein the installation apparatus (1) and/or control center (17) evaluates the measured values, wherein the measured values are used to control the energy flows in the voltage networks, so as to avoid value range violations, for example voltage or overload current violations.
AU2015291317A 2014-07-18 2015-06-25 Installation device, system and method for controlling voltage networks Active AU2015291317B2 (en)

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EP14177667.4A EP2975707B1 (en) 2014-07-18 2014-07-18 Built-in device, system and method for controlling voltage networks
PCT/EP2015/064432 WO2016008691A1 (en) 2014-07-18 2015-06-25 Installation device, system and method for controlling voltage networks

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EP2975707B1 (en) 2016-11-16
WO2016008691A1 (en) 2016-01-21
ES2615394T3 (en) 2017-06-06
CN106537158A (en) 2017-03-22
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PL2975707T3 (en) 2017-07-31
CN106537158B (en) 2021-03-23

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