AU2014414422A1

AU2014414422A1 - Gypsum board with PCM memory material

Info

Publication number: AU2014414422A1
Application number: AU2014414422A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Claus-Peter Berneth; Uwe Kaiser; Jorn Schror; Birgit Strieder; Michael VIEBAHN
Original assignee: Knauf Gips KG
Current assignee: Knauf Gips KG
Priority date: 2014-12-19
Filing date: 2014-12-19
Publication date: 2017-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2034-12-19
Also published as: CN107208420A; WO2016096048A1; JP2018508668A; DK3234275T3; PL3234275T3; JP6585717B2; EP3234275B1; ZA201703151B; AU2014414422B2; EP3234275A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a gypsum board, said gypsum board (1) having at least one region (2), in which containers (3) are arranged which contain phase transition material (5), and having at least one fastening area (4), in which no containers are arranged.

Description

1

Gypsum Board with PCM Memory material

The present invention relates to heat-storing gypsum boards.

Gypsum boards, especially gypsum fiberboards and gypsum plasterboards, are widely employed in drywall constructions. In this so-called lightweight construction, less heat-storing masses are formed as compared to buildings made of rock or concrete. In modern building concepts, concrete is often considered only for supporting elements in construction, while other elements are realized in lightweight construction. Thus, there is a problem in that less and less mass is available for heat storage. At high outdoor temperatures, this has the effect that the buildings heat up more quickly, and at cold temperatures, that the buildings cool down more quickly. Both leads to an increased energy input for the air-conditioning or heating of the building.

It is known that the walls of a building, i.e. both the supporting walls and the lightweight elements, can be coated or incorporated with a phase-transition material. Such phase-transition materials ("phase change materials" = PCM) are selected in such a way that there is a phase transition at the temperatures occurring in the air-conditioning of the building, which contributes to heat storage because of the transition enthalpy. Typical phase-transition temperatures of such materials are from about 18 to 25 °C. US 4,988,543 relates to a process in which one side of a building board, for example, a gypsum board, is impregnated with a phase-transition material. WO 03/016650 relates to the use of phase-transition materials in the form of microcapsules introduced into gypsum plasterboards.

As described in WO 03/016650, non-encapsulated PCMs have the problem that, especially for paraffin-based PCMs, the materials can be released into the ambient air, which is why the use of encapsulated PCMs has become more established. 2

However, there is still a need for lightweight construction elements having a high heat capacity.

It is the object of the present invention to provide such elements.

This object is achieved by a gypsum board, wherein said gypsum board (1) has at least one storage zone (2) in which containers (3) are provided that contain phase-transition materials (5), and has at least one attachment zone (4) in which no containers are provided.

Thus, according to the invention, a gypsum board is provided. The gypsum board according to the invention has at least two zones, namely at least one storage zone (2) and at least one attachment zone (4).

Several containers (3) are provided in each storage zone (2). In contrast, the attachment zones (4) do not have any containers.

In a preferred embodiment, the gypsum board according to the invention has at least four attachment zones. In one embodiment of the invention, these are located in the peripheral zone of the board. In particular, the attachment zones may form an at least 3 cm wide zone as measured from the edge of the gypsum board. Preferably, the width of the attachment zones is within a range of from 5 to 15 cm.

In another embodiment, the gypsum board according to the invention has a plurality of attachment zones. For example, these are distributed over various spots on the board. In particular, these punctual attachment zones are distributed in such a way that the stability of the board is increased.

The fact that the attachment zones are zones free of containers makes it easy to apply attachment means, such as screws, in these zones without being at risk of damaging containers. 3

In one embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the surface areas of the storage zones to the surface area of the attachment zones is within a range of from 80:20 to 95:5; in other words, the storage zones occupy from 80 to 95%, based on the total area of the board. Within the storage zones, at least 30% of the area is provided with containers (3). Thus, a storage zone includes both zones having containers and zones having no containers.

For receiving the containers, the storage zone may have openings, for example, milling grooves, in which the containers are provided. Such milling grooves can have rectangular, U-shaped or Ω-shaped designs in the cross-section of the board.

With Ω-shaped milling grooves, the containers may have shapes that can be clicked into the milling grooves. Cylinder, barrel and cuboid shapes are suitable as shapes for the containers; for clickable variants, trapezoid prisms would be particularly suitable. The opening in the board for receiving the containers must be accordingly adapted to the container shape.

In principle, it is possible that all the containers employed in one storage zone have the same size, but containers having different sizes that are employed in a mixed way may also be used. Volumes of from 10,000 to 200,000 mm3 have proven to be suitable sizes.

Typical gypsum boards have a thickness of, for example, 9.5 or 12.5 mm; boards having a significantly larger thickness are also on the market. Preferably, the container size is selected in such a way that at least 30% of the board thickness remains in the zones in which the containers are inserted, in order to enable sufficient mechanical stability. Preferably, the containers are provided near to the surface on the room side of the board in order to ensure good contact with the ambient air and a good heat exchange.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the containers preferably corresponds approximately (70 to 100% or 70 to 90%) to the thickness of the board. 4

In particular, plastics, aluminum or composite materials of plastics and aluminum are suitable as materials for the containers. In principle, other metals may also be used.

For example, the containers according to the invention may be arranged in parallel at uniform intervals. Also, several individual containers may be provided within one lengthy milling groove. In addition to containers having a rather lengthy shape, containers that are flat and thus have a larger contact area with the environment are also contemplated.

The containers according to the invention are preferably embedded by casting or filling in the openings of the gypsum board, so that the heat conduction is effected through the bulk of the board.

In particular, salt hydrate mixtures or paraffin mixtures are suitable phase-transition materials. All containers may be filled with the same or different phase-transition materials.

Preferably, the temperature ranges of the phase transition is within a range of from 20 to 30 °C, so that the materials take up heat accordingly when the temperature rises, and release heat when the temperature falls below that range. Lower phase transition temperatures are not considered reasonable, because the room temperatures do not reach a lower level according to experience.

In some embodiments, it may be reasonable to use containers with graduated phase transition temperatures, for example, one container with a phase-transition material having a phase transition around 22 °C, and a second one around 26 °C, in order to enable air-conditioning of the room over a larger temperature range.

Mixtures based on halides, especially chlorides, but also bromides as well as acetates, citrates or sulfates are suitable as said salt hydrate mixture. Preferably, these are alkali or alkaline earth compounds, for example, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium acetate, potassium citrate, or sodium sulfate. In 5 particular, the water content of the salt hydrate mixture must be carefully adjusted to the desired melting range.

As paraffin mixtures, especially those described in WO 03/016650 are suitable.

According to the invention, said gypsum board may be, for example, a gypsum plasterboard or a gypsum fiberboard. The gypsum may contain further additives, such as graphite fibers or graphite, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, metals, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or boron nitride, especially those additives that increase the thermal conductivity. Preferably, the content thereof is from 0.1 to 20% by weight, or from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the dry gypsum.

In one embodiment, the containers are actively regenerated. For example, the gypsum boards according to the invention may be equipped with a waterconducting pipe system on their backsides, through which a medium, such as water, temperature-controlled for regeneration is conducted. In another embodiment, for example, capillary tube mats may be embedded in the gypsum boards according to the invention, through which a medium, such as water, temperature-controlled for regeneration is conducted. In another embodiment, for example, the gypsum boards according to the invention may be selectively hit by a blowing aeration system, which supplies either cool night air or air otherwise temperature-controlled in advance for regeneration.

In some embodiments, the attachment zones have an optical mark, which facilitates the recognition of the corresponding zones by the skilled person during the assembly,

Figure 1 shows a gypsum board (1) with a storage zone (2) in which containers are provided, and attachment zones (4) in which no containers are provided. The storage zone (2) contains milling grooves, into which lengthy containers are received. 6

Figure 2 shows a gypsum board (1) with a storage zone (2) in which disk-shaped containers (3) are provided. In addition, the gypsum board has attachment zones (4) that are in the peripheral zone of the board.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a gypsum board according to the invention with two storage zones and three attachment zones, one of which being between the storage zones.

Figure 4 shows the gypsum board of Figure 3 that additionally comprises flexible tubes fora medium for the regeneration of the PCM.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A gypsum board, wherein said gypsum board (1) has at least one storage zone (2) in which containers (3) are provided that comprise phase-transition materials (5), and has at least one attachment zone (4) in which no containers are provided.
2. The gypsum board according to claim 1, wherein at least four attachment zones (4) are present.
3. The gypsum board according to claim 2, wherein exactly two of the four attachment zones (4) are peripheral zones of the board.
4. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the surface areas of the storage zones (2) to the surface area of the attachment zones (4) is within a range of from 80:20 to 95:5.
5. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said attachment zones (4) are provided at the longer sides of the gypsum plate and have a width of from 3 to 15 cm.
6. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said gypsum board is a gypsum plasterboard or a gypsum fiberboard.
7. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said gypsum comprises further additives, such as graphite fibers or graphite, silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, metals, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, or boron nitride.
8. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein said storage zones have milling grooves in which the containers are provided.
9. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein said milling grooves have rectangular, U-shaped or Ω-shaped designs in cross-section.
10. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein said containers have a volume of from 10,000 to 200,000 mm3.
11. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the material of the containers is plastics, aluminum or a composite of plastics and aluminum.
12. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein said phase-transition materials are selected from salt hydrate mixtures and paraffin mixtures.
13. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein containers with different phase-transition materials are employed within said gypsum board.
14. The gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein devices are contained by means of which the containers can be regenerated.
15. Use of a gypsum board according to any of claims 1 to 14 for the airconditioning of buildings.