AU2014351100A1 - Self-unloading freight car and wagon - Google Patents

Abstract

English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 A self-unloading freight car is provided by the present application, which includes a car body and a longitudinal centre sill, the car body is installed on the longitudinal centre sill, and oblique end walls are arranged at two ends of the car body. Each of the end walls includes an 5 upper end wall, a lower end wall and a transition wall. A slope of the lower end wall is greater than or equal to a slope of the upper end wall, and a connecting line between an upper end and a lower end of the transition wall has a slope greater than the slope of the upper end wall. When the cargos pass through the transition wall, a frictional resistance generated by the transition wall is less than a frictional resistance generated by the upper end wall, thus the 10 cargos can obtain an additional downward acceleration, which helps the cargos to pass. After the cargos pass through the transition wall, a friction resistance generated by the lower end wall is less than or equal to the frictional resistance generated by the upper end wall, thereby facilitating unloading the cargos smoothly. A wagon having the above self-unloading freight car is further provided by the present application. - 15 -

Description

English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 SELF-UNLOADING FREIGHT CAR AND WAGON [0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to Chinese patent application No. 201310624906.6 titled "SELF-UNLOADING FREIGHT CAR AND WAGON", filed with the 5 Chinese State Intellectual Property Office on November 28, 2013, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering, and in particular to a self-unloading freight car. In addition, the present application further relates to 10 a wagon having the self-unloading freight car. BACKGROUND [0003] A self-unloading freight car is generally employed in bulk cargo transportation, an unloading door is arranged at a bottom of the freight car, and the cargos are unloaded under the action of gravity after the unloading door is opened. The self-unloading freight car is 15 usually used in rail transportation for coal, an upper portion of the freight car is open for loading cargos, and the unloading door is located at the bottom of the freight car, to allow the cargos to be unloaded under the action of gravity. [0004] Reference is made to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a typical self-unloading freight car, and Figure 2 is a perspective schematic view 20 showing the structure of the self-unloading freight car in Figure 1. [0005] A car body of the freight car is installed on a longitudinal centre sill 7, oblique end walls 1 are respectively arranged at two ends of the car body, and the end walls 1 extend below the longitudinal centre sill 7. An interior of the car body is divided into multiple unloading areas by partition plates 2, two sides of a lower end of each partition plate 2 are 25 each provided with a guide plate 3, and the guide plate 3 extends to the longitudinal centre sill 7. An unloading door 4 is provided at a bottom of each unloading area, and is controlled by an unloading door mechanism 5. The unloading door 4 swings downward when opened, and after being opened, the unloading door 4 is spaced from a track below by a certain distance. -1 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0006] Two ends of each unloading area at a middle portion of the car body are both provided with the partition plate 2, and a beam 6 is arranged below the longitudinal centre sill 7 in the middle of the unloading area. Two funnel-shaped areas are formed by two sides of the beam 6, and the guide plates 3 at the lower end of the partition plates 2 at two ends of the 5 unloading area, and the unloading door 4 is installed between the beam 6 and the guide plate 2 and is located at a lower portion of the funnel-shaped area. [0007] For the unloading areas at ends of the car body, the end wall 1 is provided at one end of each unloading area, and the partition plate 2 is provided at another end of the unloading area. The end wall 1 extends straight below the longitudinal centre sill 7, and a funnel-shaped 10 area is formed by the end wall 1 and the guide plate 3 at the lower end of the partition plate 2. The unloading door 4 is installed between the end wall 1 and the guide plate 3 and located at a lower portion of the funnel-shaped area. [0008] In the unloading areas at the middle portion of the car body, the projection of the guide plate 3 in the vertical direction does not coincide with the projection of the beam 6 in 15 the vertical direction, that is, the guide plate 3 and the beam 6 are staggered in the vertical direction. Thus, cargos will not be limited in the horizontal direction when being unloaded and the cargos in these unloading areas can be unloaded smoothly. [0009] In the unloading areas at the ends of the car body, the projection of the guide plate 3 in the vertical direction coincides with the projection of the end wall 1 in the vertical direction, 20 and a throat portion is formed by the guide plate 3 and the end wall 1 in the horizontal direction. The cargos are accumulated to the throat portion under the action of gravity when being unloaded, and meanwhile are subjected to the frictional resistances generated by the end wall 1 and the guide plate 3, thus a blockage tends to occur at the throat portion, which results in an interruption of the unloading, and adversely affects the unloading effect of the unloading 25 areas at the ends of the car body. [0010] Therefore, a technical issue to be addressed urgently for those skilled in the field is to improve the unloading effect of the unloading areas at ends of the self-unloading freight car. -2 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 SUMMARY [0011] A self-unloading freight car is provided in the present application, and unloading areas at ends of the self-unloading freight car have a good unloading effect. A wagon having the self-unloading freight car is further provided in the present application. 5 [0012] The self-unloading freight car according to the present application includes a car body and a longitudinal centre sill, the car body is arranged on the longitudinal centre sill, and oblique end walls are arranged at two ends of the car body. Each of the end walls includes an upper end wall, a lower end wall and a transition wall; the upper end wall is located above the longitudinal centre sill, the lower end wall is located below the longitudinal centre sill, and a 10 slope of the lower end wall is greater than or equal to a slope of the upper end wall; the transition wall is configured to connect the upper end wall to the lower end wall, and a connecting line between an upper end and a lower end of the transition wall has a slope greater than the slope of the upper end wall. [0013] Preferably, the slope of the lower end wall is equal to the slope of the upper end 15 wall. [0014] Preferably, the transition wall is an arc surface, and slopes of tangent lines of the transition wall from the upper end to the lower end are gradually increased. [0015] Preferably, the transition wall is an oblique plane. [0016] Preferably, a reinforcing plate is arranged on an outer side of the upper end wall, and 20 a box-shaped reinforcing structure is arranged on an outer side of a lower end of the lower end wall. [0017] Preferably, an interior of the car body is divided into a plurality of unloading areas by partition plates, two sides of a lower end of each of the partition plates are each provided with a guide plate, and a projection of the guide plate coincides with a projection of the 25 transition wall in a vertical direction; and the guide plate is an arc plate, and slopes of tangent lines of the guide plate from an upper end to a lower end are gradually increased. [0018] Preferably, an unloading door is arranged at a bottom of each of the unloading areas, and the unloading door is configured to swing downward when being opened. [0019] Preferably, the unloading door in the unloading area at an end of the car body is 30 arranged between the lower end wall and the guide plate. -3 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0020] Preferably, two ends of each of the unloading areas at a middle portion of the car body are each provided with the partition plate, a beam is arranged below the longitudinal centre sill at a middle of the unloading area, and the unloading doors are respectively arranged between two sides of the beam and the guide plates at lower sides of the partition plates at two 5 ends of the unloading area. [0021] A wagon is further provided in the present application, which includes a locomotive and a plurality of freight cars, the plurality of freight cars are coupled to each other in order, and the locomotive is configured to pull the plurality of freight cars which are coupled, wherein each of the plurality of freight cars is the self-unloading freight car according to any 10 one of the above solutions. [0022] The self-unloading freight car according to the present application includes a car body and a longitudinal centre sill, the car body is arranged on the longitudinal centre sill, and oblique end walls are arranged at two ends of the car body. Each of the end walls includes an upper end wall, a lower end wall and a transition wall; the upper end wall is located above the 15 longitudinal centre sill, the lower end wall is located below the longitudinal centre sill, and a slope of the lower end wall is greater than or equal to a slope of the upper end wall; the transition wall is configured to connect the upper end wall to the lower end wall, and a connecting line between an upper end and a lower end of the transition wall has a slope greater than the slope of the upper end wall. 20 [0023] When the self-unloading freight car unloads cargos, the unloading doors at the bottoms of all unloading areas are opened, and the cargos in each unloading area are unloaded under the action of gravity. In each of the unloading areas at the ends of the car body, when the cargos pass through the transition wall, a frictional resistance applied by the transition wall to the cargos is less than a frictional resistance applied by the upper end wall to the 25 cargos since the slope of the connecting line between two ends of the transition wall is greater than the slope of the upper end wall. Thus, the frictional force applied to the cargos by the transition wall is abruptly decreased, a downward resultant force on the cargos may be abruptly increased, and an additional downward acceleration is generated, which helps the cargos to pass through the transition wall. After the cargos pass through the transition wall, 30 since a friction resistance generated by the lower end wall is less than or equal to the frictional resistance generated by the upper end wall, the cargos can pass through the lower end wall -4- English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 under the effect of inertia. Compared with the conventional technology, the cargos in the unloading areas at the ends of the car body can obtain an additional downward acceleration when passing through a throat portion, which facilitates unloading the cargos, and improves the unloading effect of the unloading areas at the ends of the car body. 5 [0024] Specifically, the slope of the lower end wall may be equal to the slope of the upper end wall, and also may be greater than the slope of the upper end wall. [0025] In a preferred embodiment, the transition wall may be embodied as an arc surface, and slopes of tangent lines of the transition wall from the upper end to the lower end are gradually increased. In the process of the cargos passing through the transition wall, the 10 frictional resistance generated by the transition wall is gradually decreased, and the downward acceleration of the cargos is gradually increased, and the cargos have the maximum acceleration when leaving the transition wall, which improves the unloading effect. [0026] In another preferred embodiment, the transition wall may be embodied as an oblique plane. The frictional resistance applied on the cargos is decreased when the cargos pass 15 through the transition wall, thus the cargos obtain a downward acceleration. When the cargos arrive at the lower end wall, the frictional resistance applied on the cargos is same as the frictional resistance generated by the upper end wall, thus the cargos can pass through the lower end wall smoothly under the effect of inertia, which improves the unloading effect. [0027] In the above solutions, the interior of the car body is divided into multiple unloading 20 areas by the partition plates, two sides of the lower end of each partition plate are both provided with the guide plate, and the projection of the guide plate coincides with the projection of the transition wall in the vertical direction. The guide plate is an arc plate, and slopes of the tangent lines of the guide plate from the upper end to the lower end are gradually increased. 25 [0028] In each of the unloading areas at the ends of the car body, when the cargos pass through the transition wall, the other side of the unloading area is the guide plate, and the guide plate is an arc plate. The slopes of tangential lines of the arc plate are gradually increased, thus the frictional resistance applied by the arc plate to the cargos when the cargos pass through the arc plate is gradually decreased, and the frictional resistances generated by 30 the guide plate and the transition wall are both decreased, thereby further improving the unloading effect of the unloading areas at the ends of the car body. -5 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0029] Specifically, the unloading door is arranged at the bottom of each unloading area, and the unloading doors swing downward when being opened. The unloading door in the unloading areas at the ends of the car body is arranged between the lower end wall and the guide plate. Two ends of each of the unloading areas at the middle portion of the car body are 5 provided with the partition plates, a beam is arranged below the longitudinal centre sill at the middle of the unloading area, and the unloading doors are respectively arranged between two sides of the beam and the guide plates at the lower sides of the partition plates at two ends of the unloading area. [0030] A wagon is further provided in the present application, which includes a locomotive 10 and a plurality of freight cars, the plurality of freight cars are coupled to each other in order, and the locomotive is configured to pull the plurality of freight cars which are coupled, wherein each of the plurality of freight cars is the above self-unloading freight car. [0031] Since the self-unloading freight car has the above technical effects, the wagon having the self-unloading freight car also has the above technical effects. 15 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0032] Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a typical self-unloading freight car; [0033] Figure 2 is a perspective schematic view showing the structure of the self-unloading freight car in Figure 1; 20 [0034] Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a self-unloading freight car according to an embodiment of the present application (a transition wall and a guide plate at one end are shown in a perspective effect in the figure); [0035] Figure 4 is a perspective schematic view showing the structure of the self-unloading freight car in Figure 3; and 25 [0036] Figure 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the structure of an unloading area at one end of the self-unloading freight car in Figure 3 (the double-dot dash line in the figure indicates the position of a longitudinal centre sill). [0037] Corresponding relationships between reference numerals and components in Figures 1 to 5 are as follows: -6- English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 1 end wall; 2 partition plate; 3 guide plate; 4 unloading door; 5 unloading door mechanism; 6 beam; 7 longitudinal centre sill; 11 upper end wall; 5 12 lower end wall; 13 transition wall; 14 reinforcing plate; an 15 reinforcing structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0038] A self-unloading freight car is provided according to the present application, and 10 unloading areas at ends of the self-unloading freight car have good unloading effects. A wagon having the self-unloading freight car is further provided according to the present application. [0039] For those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application is further described in detail in conjunction with drawings 15 and embodiments. [0040] Reference is made to Figures 3 to 5, Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a self-unloading freight car according to an embodiment of the present application (a transition wall and a guide plate at one end are shown in a perspective effect in the figure), Figure 4 is a perspective schematic view showing the structure of the self-unloading freight 20 car in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the structure of an unloading area at one end of the self-unloading freight car in Figure 3 (the double-dot dash line in the figure indicates the position of a longitudinal centre sill). [0041] It should be noted that, nouns of locality in the present application are defined on basis of Figure 3, for example, a direction where a longitudinal centre sill 7 is located is the 25 longitudinal direction of the freight car, a direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the transverse direction of the freight car, the ends of the car body refer to two ends thereof in the longitudinal direction, and the ends of the unloading areas refer to two ends thereof in the longitudinal direction. -.7- English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0042] In an embodiment of the present application, a self-unloading freight car is provided, which includes a car body and a longitudinal centre sill 7. The car body is arranged on the longitudinal centre sill 7, and oblique end walls 1 are provided at two ends of the car body. Each of the end walls 1 includes an upper end wall 11, a lower end wall 12 and a transition 5 wall 13. The upper end wall 11 is located above the longitudinal centre sill 7, the lower end wall 12 is located below the longitudinal centre sill 7, and a slope of the lower end wall 12 is greater than or equal to a slope of the upper end wall 11. The transition wall 13 connects the upper end wall 11 to the lower end wall 12, and a connecting line between two ends of the transition wall 13 has a slope greater than the slope of the upper end wall 11. 10 [0043] The car body of the self-unloading freight car is generally divided into multiple unloading areas, and a bottom of each unloading area is provided with an unloading door 4. The unloading doors 4 are uniformly controlled by an unloading door mechanism 5. The unloading doors 4 swing downward when being opened, and cargos inside the unloading areas are unloaded under the action of gravity. 15 [0044] When unloading the cargos, the cargos in the unloading areas at ends of the car body move downward under the action of gravity. When the cargos arrives at the transition wall 13 after passing through the upper end wall 11, a frictional resistance applied by the transition wall 13 to the cargos is less than a frictional resistance applied by the upper end wall 11 to the cargos since the slope of the connecting line between two ends of the transition wall 13 is 20 greater than the slope of the upper end wall 11. Thus, the frictional force applied to the cargos is abruptly decreased, a downward resultant force on the cargos may be abruptly increased, and an additional downward acceleration is generated, which helps the cargos to pass through the transition wall 13. After the cargos pass through the transition wall 13, since a friction resistance generated by the lower end wall 12 is less than or equal to the frictional resistance 25 generated by the upper end wall 11, the cargos can pass through the lower end wall 12 under the effect of inertia, to be unloaded smoothly. [0045] Compared with the conventional technology, the cargos in the unloading areas at the ends of the car body are subjected to a smaller frictional resistance when passing through a throat portion, in this way, the cargos can obtain an additional downward acceleration, which 30 facilitates unloading the cargos, and improves the unloading effect of the unloading areas at the ends of the car body. -8 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0046] The end walls 1 at the two ends of the car body have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically, and each has a lower side inclined to the inside of the car body, and an included angle between the lower side of the end wall 1 and the horizontal plane ranges from 40 degrees to 60 degrees. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, areas below the end walls 1 at 5 ends of the car body may be installed with wheels. Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the self-unloading freight car, the longitudinal centre sill 7 is located at a middle portion in the transverse direction of the car body, and the self-unloading freight car may be coupled to other self-unloading freight cars via the longitudinal centre sill 7, and a pulling force is transmitted via the longitudinal centre sill 7. 10 [0047] Specifically, the slope of the lower end wall 12 may be equal to the slope of the upper end wall 11, and may also be greater than the slope of the upper end wall 11. A frictional resistance generated by an oblique plane is equal to the product of a positive pressure and a friction coefficient, thus as the slope increases, the positive pressure reduces, and the generated frictional resistance is reduced accordingly. 15 [0048] In the case that the slope of the lower end wall 12 is equal to the slope of the upper end wall 11, the frictional resistance generated by the lower end wall 12 is equal to the frictional resistance generated by the upper end wall 11. Compared with the conventional technology, the cargos are subjected to a smaller frictional force when passing through the throat portion, and after obtaining an acceleration, the cargos can pass through the lower end 20 wall 12 smoothly under the effect of inertia, which facilitates unloading the cargos. [0049] In the case that the slope of the lower end wall 12 is greater than the slope of the upper end wall 11, the frictional resistance generated by the lower end wall 12 is less than the frictional resistance generated by the upper end wall 11, the cargos are not only subjected to a small frictional resistance when passing through the throat portion but also subjected to a 25 small frictional resistance after passing through the throat portion, however, in this way, the cargos only move over a small distance in the horizontal direction when the cargos leave the lower end wall 12, the position of the unloaded cargos is close to the lower end wall 12, thus the cargos are apt to be accumulated below the unloading doors 4. [0050] In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the transition wall 13 may be 30 embodied as an arc surface, and slopes of tangent lines of the transition wall 13 from the upper end to the lower end are gradually increased, that is, the arc surface is increasingly -9- English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 steep from top to bottom, which may facilitate unloading the cargos under the action of gravity. [0051] In the process of the cargos passing through the transition wall 13, the frictional resistance generated by the transition wall 13 is gradually decreased, and the downward 5 acceleration of the cargos is gradually increased, and the cargos have the maximum acceleration when leaving the transition wall 13, which improves the unloading effect. [0052] The tangent line of the lowest end of the transition wall 13 of such structure may be greater than the slope of the lower end wall 12, and the slope of the lower end wall 12 is equal to the slope of the upper end wall 11, thus in this way, although the cargos are subjected to an 10 increased frictional resistance when passing through the lower end wall 12, the falling speed of the cargos is greater than the falling speed of cargos in the conventional technology, thus the unloading effect is better. [0053] In another preferred embodiment, the transition wall 13 may be embodied as an oblique plane, and the slope of the transition wall 13 is greater than the slope of the upper end 15 wall 11. [0054] The cargos are subjected to a decreased frictional resistance when passing through the transition wall 13, thus can obtain a downward acceleration, which helps the cargos to pass through the transition wall. The cargos can pass through the lower end wall 12 smoothly under the actions of gravity and inertia when the cargos arrive at the lower end wall 12. When 20 the cargos leave the lower end wall 12, the cargos move over a long distance in the horizontal direction, thus will not be accumulated below the unloading doors 4, which improves the unloading effect of the unloading areas at the ends of the car body. [0055] A reinforcing plate 14 is arranged at an outer side of each of the upper end walls 11, and a box-shaped reinforcing structure 15 is provided on an outer side of the lower end of the 25 lower end wall 12. [0056] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the reinforcing plate 14 on the outer side of the upper end wall 11 is of a ribbed plate structure, and is configured to support the upper end wall 11 to improve the strength of the upper end wall 11. As shown in Figure 5, the box-shaped reinforcing structure 15 is arranged at the end of the lower end wall 12 to reinforce the 30 strength of the lower end wall 12. - 10 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0057] In the above embodiments, the interior of the car body is divided into multiple unloading areas by the partition plates 2, two sides of the lower end of each partition plate 2 are both provided with the guide plate 3, and the projection of the guide plate 3 coincides with the projection of the transition wall 13 in the vertical direction. The guide plate 3 is an arc 5 plate, and slopes of the tangent lines of the guide plate 3 from the upper end to the lower end are gradually increased. [0058] The unloading areas at the two ends of the car body are referred to as the end unloading areas. In each of the end unloading areas, the projection of the guide plate 3 coincides with the projection of the transition wall 13 in the vertical direction, and a throat 10 portion is formed by the guide plate 3 and the transition wall. The specific structure can be referred to Figure 5. The transition wall 13 is embodied as an arc surface, thus the frictional resistance generated by the transition wall 13 is reduced. The guide plate 3 may also be embodied as an arc plate, the slopes of the tangent lines of the arc plate are gradually increased, and thus when the cargos pass through the guide plate 3, the frictional resistance 15 applied to the cargos by the arc plate is also gradually decreased. [0059] When cargos are unloaded at the end unloading areas of such structure, the frictional resistance generated by the transition wall 13 and the frictional resistance generated by the guide plate 3 are both gradually decreased when the cargos pass through the throat portion, thus the cargos can be unloaded quickly under the action of gravity and also can drive upper 20 cargos to move downward, therefore the cargos may not be accumulated at the throat portion, thereby reducing the unloading time and improving the unloading efficiency, and further improving the unloading effect of the end unloading areas. [0060] In a further embodiment, an unloading door 4 is arranged at the bottom of each unloading area. The unloading doors 4 swing downward when being opened, and are 25 controlled by an unloading door mechanism 5. The unloading doors 4 are spaced from a track below by a certain distance. [0061] One end of each of the unloading areas at ends of the car body is provided with the end wall 1, and another end thereof is provided with the partition plate 2. A funnel-shaped area is formed by the lower end wall 12 and the guide plate 3 at the lower end of the partition 30 plate 2, and the unloading door 4 is installed between the lower end wall 12 and the guide plate 3 and is located at a lower portion of the funnel-shaped area. - 11 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 [0062] Two ends of each of the unloading areas at the middle portion of the car body are each provided with the partition plate 2, a beam 6 is arranged below the longitudinal centre sill 7 at the middle of the unloading area, and two oblique guide surfaces are respectively provided at two sides of the beam 6. Two funnel-shaped areas are formed by the two oblique 5 guide surfaces and the guide plates 3 at the lower ends of the partition plates 2 at two ends of the unloading area, and the unloading door 4 is installed between the oblique guide surface and the guide plate 2 and is located at a lower portion of the funnel-shaped area. [0063] Each of the unloading areas at the middle portion of the car body has two unloading doors 4. Rotation shafts of the unloading doors 4 are all arranged below the partition plates 2, 10 the unloading doors 4 of adjacent unloading areas are located at two sides of the respective partition plate 2, symmetrically arranged with respect to the partition plate 2, and are controlled jointly by the unloading door mechanism 5 below the partition plate 2. The specific structure can be referred to Figure 3. [0064] In addition to the above self-unloading freight car, a wagon is further provided 15 according to the present application, which includes a locomotive and multiple freight cars, the multiple freight cars are coupled in order, the coupled multiple freight cars are pulled by the locomotive, and the freight car herein is the above-described self-unloading freight car. [0065] Other structures of the wagon can be referred to the conventional technology, which will not be described in detail herein. 20 [0066] Since the self-unloading freight car has the above technical effects, the wagon having the self-unloading freight car should also have the above technical effects. [0067] The self-unloading freight car and the wagon provided by the present application are described in detail hereinbefore. The principle and the embodiments of the present application are illustrated herein by specific examples. The above description of examples is only 25 intended to help the understanding of the method and the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, for the person skilled in the art, a few of improvements and modifications may be made to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and these improvements and modifications are also deemed to fall into the scope of the present application defined by the claims. - 12 -

Claims (10)

1. A self-unloading freight car, comprising a car body and a longitudinal centre sill (7), the car body being arranged on the longitudinal centre sill (7), and oblique end walls (1) being 5 arranged at two ends of the car body, wherein each of the end walls (1) comprises an upper end wall (11), a lower end wall (12) and a transition wall (13); the upper end wall (11) is located above the longitudinal centre sill (7), the lower end wall (12) is located below the longitudinal centre sill (7), and a slope of the lower end wall (12) is greater than or equal to a slope of the upper end wall (11); the transition wall (13) is configured to connect the upper 10 end wall (11) to the lower end wall (12), and a connecting line between an upper end and a lower end of the transition wall (13) has a slope greater than the slope of the upper end wall (11).

2. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the lower end 15 wall (12) is equal to the slope of the upper end wall (11).

3. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 2, wherein the transition wall (13) is an arc surface, and slopes of tangent lines of the transition wall (13) from the upper end to the lower end are gradually increased. 20

4. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 2, wherein the transition wall (13) is an oblique plane.

5. The self-unloading freight car according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a 25 reinforcing plate (14) is arranged on an outer side of the upper end wall (11), and a box-shaped reinforcing structure (15) is arranged on an outer side of a lower end of the lower end wall (12).

6. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 5, wherein an interior of the car body 30 is divided into a plurality of unloading areas by partition plates (2), two sides of a lower end - 13 - English Translation of PCT/CN2014/081155 of each of the partition plates (2) are each provided with a guide plate (3), and a projection of the guide plate (3) coincides with a projection of the transition wall (13) in a vertical direction; and the guide plate (3) is an arc plate, and slopes of tangent lines of the guide plate (3) from an upper end to a lower end are gradually increased. 5

7. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 6, wherein an unloading door (4) is arranged at a bottom of each of the unloading areas, and the unloading door (4) is configured to swing downward when being opened. 10

8. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 7, wherein the unloading door (4) in the unloading area at an end of the car body is arranged between the lower end wall (12) and the guide plate (3).

9. The self-unloading freight car according to claim 7, wherein two ends of each of the 15 unloading areas at a middle portion of the car body are each provided with the partition plate (2), a beam (6) is arranged below the longitudinal centre sill (7) at a middle of the unloading area, and the unloading doors (4) are respectively arranged between two sides of the beam (6) and the guide plates (3) at lower sides of the partition plates (2) at two ends of the unloading area. 20

10. A wagon, comprising a locomotive and a plurality of freight cars, the plurality of freight cars being coupled to each other in order and being pulled by the locomotive, wherein each of the plurality of freight cars is the self-unloading freight car according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 25 - 14 -