AU2014255682B2 - Storage tank for liquefied flammable gases - Google Patents

Storage tank for liquefied flammable gases Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2014255682B2
AU2014255682B2 AU2014255682A AU2014255682A AU2014255682B2 AU 2014255682 B2 AU2014255682 B2 AU 2014255682B2 AU 2014255682 A AU2014255682 A AU 2014255682A AU 2014255682 A AU2014255682 A AU 2014255682A AU 2014255682 B2 AU2014255682 B2 AU 2014255682B2
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Australia
Prior art keywords
storage tank
tank
bullet type
type storage
integrity
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AU2014255682A
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AU2014255682A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias BRUENTRUP
Josef IRL
Marian Krol
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0621—Single wall with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations

Abstract

In order to improve storage tanks for cryogenic liquid gases, a full integrity bullet type storage tank(80) is proposed, said tank(80) comprising: -an inner tank(82) of cryogenic steel; -an outer tank(83) of cryogenic steel; -feet for supporting the storage tank(80) on a support structure(81); and -an outlet pipe(84) communicating with the interior of the inner tank(82).

Description

STORAGE TANK FOR LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES
Technical field of the present invention
The present invention relates to storage tanks for liquefied flammable gases, such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
Background of the present invention
In order to protect against the catastrophic release of flammable gas from a liquefied flammable gas storage tank, such as an LNG storage tank, safety regulations have been established. Current LNG safety standards provide safety classification of flat bottom LNG storage tanks as single, double and full containment.
This classification does not extend to bullet type LNG tanks. To make the safety designations of all types of tanks comparable, different storage tanks have now been classified according to their level of integrity:
A single level integrity is the lowest classification wherein catastrophic failure of the inner container will cause an uncontrolled spill of natural gas and release of vapour to the atmosphere.
At the double level of integrity, failure of the inner container will not cause a liquid release, but such will result in uncontrolled release of natural gas vapour to the atmosphere.
The highest level is labelled as full integrity and provides for retention of any liquid spill and allows only controlled release of vapour to the atmosphere.
For example, various configurations of flat bottom tanks are shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show configurations of bullet tanks.
FIG. 1 shows a double level of integrity flat bottom tank 10, having a concrete base 11, an inner tank 12 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 13 of non-cryogenic steel and an additional tank cup 14 of cryogenic steel. Also shown is an outlet pipe 15.
FIG. 2 shows another configuration of a double level of integrity flat bottom tank 20, having a concrete base 21, and earthen bund 22, an inner tank 23 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 24 of noncryogenic steel and outlet pipe 25.
FIG. 3 shows a third configuration of a double level of integrity flat bottom tank 30, having a concrete base and liquid containment structure 31, an inner tank 32 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 33 of non1
2014255682 14 Mar 2019 cryogenic steel, an outer tank 33 of non-cryogenic steel and outlet pipe 34.
FIG. 4 shows a full level of integrity flat bottom tank 40, having a concrete base 41, an inner tank 42 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 43 of cryogenic steel and outlet pipe 44.
FIG. 5 shows a second configuration of a full level of integrity flat bottom tank 50, having an inner tank 52 of cryogenic steel, a non-self standing outer tank 53 of non-cryogenic steel supported on a concrete base and full containment structure 51 and outlet pipe 54.
) FIG. 6 shows a single level of integrity bullet tank 60, as generally used for storage of air gases. The bullet tank 60 includes steel feet on concrete supports 61, an inner tank 62 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 63 of non-cryogenic steel and outlet pipe 64.
FIG. 7 shows a double level of integrity bullet tank 70, having steel feet on supports 71, a concrete 5 retention basin or bund 72, an inner tank 73 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 74 of non-cryogenic steel and outlet pipe 75.
Currently there are no available configurations of bullet tanks that can be classified as full level of integrity tanks; i.e. that offer a safety level comparable to a full-containment flat bottom tank.
)
The full level of integrity is generally required for storage of liquefied flammable gas in populated areas. This is because single or double integrity tanks do not provide enough of a safeguard against the consequences of a failure of the inner storage container. In particular, those designs do not provide for containment of the vapour release that will occur rapidly in the event of a liquefied gas leak into the 5 area surrounding the tank or the tank secondary containment.
In addition, catastrophic failure of the primary container may result in a large, cold gas cloud that represents a major hazard to the surrounding population because of a heightened risk of fire or explosion. While a full integrity storage tank may release vapour to the atmosphere through pressure 30 release valves, such a release is carried out in a controlled manner and is significantly smaller in quantity.
For all of the above reasons, there remains a need in the art for improvements to storage tanks for cryogenic liquid gases.
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
Disclosure of the present invention: object, solution, advantages
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of
2014255682 14 Mar 2019 the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
An object of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is to improve storage tanks for cryogenic liquid gases.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a full integrity bullet type storage tank comprising:
- an inner tank of cryogenic steel;
- an outer tank of cryogenic steel;
) - feet for supporting the storage tank on a support structure;
- an outlet pipe communicating with the interior of the inner tank; and
- an emergency shut down valve is located inside the inner tank connected to the outlet pipe.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words 5 “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
The present invention provides new configurations of full integrity bullet storage tanks for cryogenic liquid gases. In particular, the present invention provides a full integrity bullet tank for storage of ) liquefied flammable gases, such as for storage of liquefied natural gases (LNG).
The full integrity bullet tank of the present invention is achieved by having both the inner tank as well as the outer tank made of cryogenic steel. The full integrity bullet tank of the present invention comprises feet, in particular made of steel, on a support structure, in particular made of concrete, and an outlet 5 pipe communicating with the interior of the inner tank.
The advantages of preferred embodiments of the bullet tank of the present invention include the following:
Even if there is a leak from the inner tank, the outer tank will not fail from brittle fracture. In other words, by having the outer tank made of cryogenic steel, the design of the bullet tank of the present invention will survive even a catastrophic inner tank leak.
In addition, a burst disc can be provided in the outer tank to allow for controlled release of vapour to a 35 safe location in the event of an inner tank leak. No containment pit, dike or bund is required.
In addition, by including an Emergency Shut Down (ESD) valve within the inner tank, it is possible to shut down the system in the event of an adjacent piping leak or rupture. This is different from conventional designs of storage tanks where the ESD valve is located externally to the tank.
2014255682 14 Mar 2019
Such a location for the ESD valve is not a safeguard against a total loss of tank inventory in the event of a pipe rupture or leak upstream of the ESD valve. As noted, by locating the ESD valve internally to the tank according to the present invention, the disadvantages of prior art tank designs are overcome.
Other advantages of the preferred embodiments of the present invention are that the bullet tanks meet the requirements for classification as full integrity storage tanks, and therefore could be used instead of full containment flat bottom tanks currently used in the industry. For many storage capacities, particularly lower capacity storage, bullet tanks are easier, quicker and less costly to construct and install and therefore provide advantages with respect to capital expenditure and construction costs ) over flat bottom tanks.
In addition, the required footprint for the bullet tanks of the present invention is smaller than that of a flat bottom tank or a standard bullet tank within a dike. This is especially advantageous for LNG storage at fuel stations, for example servicing trucks, because the highest level of safety is achieved
3a
WO 2014/170415
PCT/EP2014/057842 in the smallest possible area, often surrounded by high population density.
Brief description of the drawings
For a more complete understanding of the present inventive embodiment disclosures and as already discussed above, there are several options to embody as well as to improve the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. To this aim, the present invention is described in more detail below; in particular, reference may be made to the claims dependent on claim 1; further improvements, features and advantages of the present invention are explained below in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment by way of non-limiting example and to the accompanying drawings taken at least partly in connection with the following description of the embodiments, of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout for a first example of a double level of integrity flat bottom tank according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout for a second example of a double level of integrity flat bottom tank according to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout for a third example of a double level of integrity flat bottom tank according to the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout for a first example of a full level of integrity flat bottom tank according to the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a schematic layout for a second example of a full level of integrity flat bottom tank according to the prior art;
FIG. 6 is a schematic layout for an example of a single level of integrity bullet tank according to the prior art;
FIG. 7 is a schematic layout for an example of a double level of integrity bullet tank according to the prior art; and
FIG. 8 is a schematic layout for an example of a full level of integrity bullet tank according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the drawings;
best way of embodying the present invention
WO 2014/170415
PCT/EP2014/057842
FIG. 8 shows a full level of integrity bullet storage tank 80, having steel feet for supporting the storage tank 80 on concrete supports 81, an inner tank 82 of cryogenic steel, an outer tank 83 of cryogenic steel, and an outlet pipe 84 communicating with the interior of the inner tank 82.
In addition, the bullet tank 80 includes an in tank (= located internal to the inner tank 82) Emergency Shut Down (ESD) valve 85, which is connected to the outlet pipe 84. This ESD valve 85 enables a shut down in the event of an adjacent piping leak or rupture.
A burst disc is provided in the outer tank 83, said burst disc allowing for controlled release of vapour to a safe location in the event of a leak of the inner tank 82.
The storage tank 80 of FIG. 8 is provided for the storage of cryogenic liquid gases, in particular for the storage of liquefied flammable gases, for example for the storage of liquefied natural gases (LNG), such as for the LNG storage at fuel stations for servicing trucks.
It is anticipated that other embodiments and variations of the present invention will become readily apparent to the skilled artisan in the light of the foregoing description, and it is intended that such embodiments and variations likewise be included within the scope of the present invention as set out in the appended claims.
List of reference numerals full integrity bullet type storage tank support structure inner tank outer tank outlet pipe emergency shut down (ESD) valve

Claims (12)

  1. Claims
    1. A full integrity bullet type storage tank comprising:
    - an inner tank of cryogenic steel;
    - an outer tank of cryogenic steel;
    5 - feet for supporting the storage tank on a support structure;
    - an outlet pipe communicating with the interior of the inner tank; and
    - an emergency shut down valve is located inside the inner tank connected to the outlet pipe.
  2. 2. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the emergency shut down valve enables a shut down in the event of an adjacent piping leak or rupture.
  3. 3. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, further including a burst disc in the outer tank.
    >
  4. 4. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 3, wherein the burst disc allows for controlled release of vapour.
  5. 5. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 4, wherein the vapour is released to a safe location in the event of a leak of the inner tank.
    )
  6. 6. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the feet are made of steel.
  7. 7. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the > support structure is made of concrete.
  8. 8. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to any one of claims 1 to 7, being provided for the storage of cryogenic liquid gases.
    30
  9. 9. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 8, being provided for the storage of liquefied flammable gases.
  10. 10. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 9, being provided for the storage of liquefied natural gases (LNG).
  11. 11. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 10, being provided for the LNG storage at fuel stations.
  12. 12. The full integrity bullet type storage tank according to claim 11, being provided at fuel stations for servicing trucks.
AU2014255682A 2013-04-17 2014-04-17 Storage tank for liquefied flammable gases Active AU2014255682B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361812840P 2013-04-17 2013-04-17
US61/812,840 2013-04-17
PCT/EP2014/057842 WO2014170415A1 (en) 2013-04-17 2014-04-17 Storage tank for liquefied flammable gases

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2014255682A1 AU2014255682A1 (en) 2015-10-15
AU2014255682B2 true AU2014255682B2 (en) 2019-04-04

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EP (1) EP2986883B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105378367A (en)
AU (1) AU2014255682B2 (en)
RU (1) RU2663930C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2014170415A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CN105378367A (en) 2016-03-02
RU2663930C2 (en) 2018-08-13
AU2014255682A1 (en) 2015-10-15
EP2986883A1 (en) 2016-02-24
WO2014170415A1 (en) 2014-10-23
RU2015149000A (en) 2017-05-22
EP2986883B1 (en) 2020-12-23

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