AU2013304240B2 - Method for operating a bulk material lock - Google Patents
Method for operating a bulk material lock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2013304240B2 AU2013304240B2 AU2013304240A AU2013304240A AU2013304240B2 AU 2013304240 B2 AU2013304240 B2 AU 2013304240B2 AU 2013304240 A AU2013304240 A AU 2013304240A AU 2013304240 A AU2013304240 A AU 2013304240A AU 2013304240 B2 AU2013304240 B2 AU 2013304240B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- lock
- gas
- bulk material
- closure
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
- Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
Abstract
A method for operating bulk material locks equipped with a self-sealing closure, which for filling the connected process apparatus with process gas are pressurized to its operating pressure, in which the pressurization until adjustment of the gas tightness of the closure is effected with inert gas, in order to avoid an escape of process gas.
Description
WO 2014/026908 PCT/EP2013/066638
Method for Operating a Bulk Material Lock
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for operating a bulk material lock whose opening for filling with bulk material is equipped with a self-sealing closure, which lock serves for filling a process apparatus which is under the excess pressure of a process gas, wherein before being emptied the lock is pressurized with process gas to the pressure existing in the apparatus, and before being filled it is depressurized to ambient pressure.
This invention also relates to the use of this method during operation of the bulk material locks of fixed-bed coal gasifiers.
Prior art
Self-sealing closures have long since been used in the art, in order to close openings, such as container openings, in a gas- or liquid-tight manner. In general, they are equipped with a mechanism with which the closure is placed before the opening, so that the sealing surfaces of closure and opening lie one on top of the other or are slightly pressed onto each other. The principle of self-sealing consists in that the essential part of the force which is necessary to press the sealing surfaces onto each other in a gas- or liquid-tight manner is not provided by the closure mechanism, but by the gas or liquid pressure existing in the respective process apparatus.
For example, the bulk material locks for filling fixed-bed coal gasifiers frequently are equipped with self-sealing openings, wherein a round opening equipped with a sealing surface is closed by a conical or cone-shaped closure, see also Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, Vol. 15, Gas Production, Chap. 4.4. WO 2014/026908 PCT/EP2013/066638 2
For filling the gasifier with coal, the empty bulk material lock initially is depressurized to ambient pressure, the filling opening then is opened, and coal is filled into the lock. Subsequently, the filling opening of the lock is closed by mechanically pressing the closure into the round filling opening. The lock then is pressurized with process gas, until a pressure corresponding to the process pressure of the gas generator is reached.
It is disadvantageous that in the initial phase of pressurizing, in which a sufficient pressure for completely sealing the self-sealing filling opening in the interior of the lock has not yet been reached, process gas escapes from the lock through the filling opening. This escape of the process gas is problematic in the case of the fixed-bed coal gasification, since the escaping synthesis gas is toxic and, when it mixes with atmospheric oxygen, also is explosive.
So far, this problem generally has been solved by attempting to collect the escaping process gas as far as possible and securely dispose of the same, for example via a flare system.
This can be accomplished, for example, in that the chute which for filling the lock is put onto the filling opening is equipped with a jacket which is formed such that it completely encloses the filling opening of the lock and collects the escaping gas. The jacket then is connected with an extraction system, which safely removes the gas. DD 239000 A1 describes another method for the safe disposal of this gas. Upstream of the bulk material lock, a firmly installed dosing tank referred to as filling basket has been provided. The gas escaping from the lock is collected by the filling basket. By purging with inert gas, the dangerous process gas is expelled from the filling basket and disposed of via a conduit connected to the filling basket. WO 2014/026908 PCT/EP2013/066638 3 A disadvantage of these methods consists in that they require a relatively expensive equipment. Therefore, it has been the object to provide a method for operating bulk material locks, which avoids this disadvantage.
Description of the Invention
The object is solved by a method according to the entirety of the features of claim 1. After the lock has been filled with bulk material and the opening has been closed mechanically, the lock initially is pressurized with an inert gas, until the necessary internal pressure is reached, which is required by the self-sealing closure for reaching the gas tightness. The escape of gas occurring to this point is not dangerous, since the gas is an inert gas. Only when the gas tightness of the self-sealing closure is reached, process gas is used in the lock for the further pressure increase, in general up to the process pressure existing in the connected apparatus.
In an advantageous aspect of the invention, nitrogen is used as inert gas. Nitrogen is non-toxic and generally available at low cost.
In a further advantageous aspect of the invention, the lock emptied of bulk material is purged with inert gas after it has been depressurized to ambient pressure and before it is again filled with bulk material. In the process, i.e. during depressurization and during purging, the discharge of the gas from the lock is effected via a special conduit connected to the lock and not via the opening for filling the lock with bulk material. By purging the lock with inert gas it is avoided that when filling the lock with bulk material, process gas escapes through the filling opening of the lock into the surroundings.
In a further advantageous aspect of the invention, the pressure in the lock, after the self-sealing closure has been closed in a gas-tight manner by the inert gas introduced, is lowered by draining gas to an extent as it is possible for maintaining the gas tightness of the closure, before the lock is pressurized further with process gas. Closing a self-sealing closure generally requires a pressure higher WO 2014/026908 PCT/EP2013/066638 4 than subsequently necessary for maintaining the tightness of the closure, as for closing the closure body must be pressed into the optimum position in the closure seat with great force. When this position has been reached, the pressure can be lowered, since the closure only must be maintained in this position. By draining inert gas from the lock as far as is possible for maintaining the tightness, it is achieved that when handing over the bulk material from the lock into the reactor less inert gas enters into the reactor and contaminates the process gas.
How far the pressure in the lock can be lowered without impairing the tightness of the closure can easily be determined by the skilled person by carrying out routine experiments.
Particularly advantageously, the method according to the invention can be used during operation of fixed-bed coal gasifiers. The process gas produced thereby is particularly toxic and explosive because of its carbon monoxide and hydrogen content, so that the escape of this gas particularly endangers the safety of the operating personnel and the plant. Due to the large overall sizes prevailing with this technology, the gas tightness of the closures generally is only reached at pressures above 4 bar(g). This means that until reaching this pressure, large amounts of process gas escape from the lock.
The use of the method according to the invention prevents the exit of these dangerous gases in a simple way, and apparatuses which are designed to collect and discharge process gas exiting from the filling opening are made superfluous.
Exemplary embodiment
Further developments, advantages and possible applications of the invention can also be taken from the following description of exemplary embodiments and the drawings. All features described and/or illustrated form the invention per se or in any combination, independent of their inclusion in the claims or their back-reference. WO 2014/026908 PCT/EP2013/066638 5
In the only Figure
Fig. 1 shows a bulk material lock for a fixed-bed coal gasifier operated by the method according to the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the upper part of a reactor 1 which is filled with bulk material, e.g. coal, via a bulk material lock 2. The bulk material 3 is filled into the bulk material lock 2 by means of a hopper 4. The reactor 1 can be sealed against the lock 2 via the self-sealing closure 5 and said lock in turn can be sealed against the atmosphere via the self-sealing closure 6. The closures 5, 6 each are equipped with a mechanical closure actuator 5a, 6a.
The lock 2 is filled with bulk material 3 via the hopper 4 and the open closure 6. The closure 5 is closed. The closure 6 then is mechanically closed by means of the device 6a. The closure body 6b is placed before the closure seat 6c. The lock 2 then is pressurized with inert gas via conduit 7, wherein initially gas escapes from the lock through the closure 6, until the gas pressure building up in the lock presses the closure body 6b into the closure seat 6c so firmly that no open gap is left between the same. Via conduit 8, inert gas can then be drained from the lock, so that when subsequently emptying the lock 2 into the reactor 1, the gas atmosphere of the reactor is not loaded with inert gas to an unnecessary extent. By draining the inert gas from the lock, the pressure in the lock should only be lowered to such an extent that the tightness of the closure 6 is not impaired.
Via conduits 7 and 8, the lock 2 also can be purged with inert gas, before the closure 6 is opened, with the process or purge gas being discharged via conduit 8.
After the closure 6 has been closed in a gas-tight manner, the lock 2 is pressurized further via conduit 9 with process gas from the reactor 1. After a pressure compensation thus has been achieved between lock 2 and reactor 1, the closure 5 is opened mechanically and the bulk material is drained from the lock into the reactor. WO 2014/026908 PCT/EP2013/066638 6
List of Reference Numerals 5 1 upper part of reactor 2 bulk material lock 3 bulk material 4 hopper 5, 6 self-sealing closure 10 5a, 6a . mechanical closure actuator 6b closure body 6c closure seat 7 conduit inert gas 8 conduit for draining gas 15 9 conduit for pressurizing the lock with process gas
Claims (5)
1. A method for operating a bulk material lock whose opening for filling with bulk material is equipped with a self-sealing closure, which opening serves for filling a process apparatus which is under the excess pressure of a process gas, wherein before being emptied the lock is pressurized with process gas to the pressure existing in the apparatus and before being filled it is depressurized to ambient pressure, wherein after filling the lock with bulk material and after mechanically closing the opening, the lock is pressurized with an inert gas up to such a pressure that the self-sealing closure closes the opening in a gas-tight manner and only after reaching this condition is the lock pressurized further with process gas.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas substantially consists of nitrogen.
3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lock emptied of bulk material is purged with inert gas, after it has been depressurized to ambient pressure, before it is again filled with bulk material.
4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein after the self-sealing closure is closed in a gas-tight manner, the pressure in the lock is lowered to such an extent as is possible for maintaining the gas tightness of the closure and the lock is then further pressurized with process gas.
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims when used during operation of the bulk material locks of fixed-bed coal gasifiers.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012107486.0A DE102012107486B3 (en) | 2012-08-15 | 2012-08-15 | Method for operating a bulk material lock |
| DE102012107486.0 | 2012-08-15 | ||
| PCT/EP2013/066638 WO2014026908A1 (en) | 2012-08-15 | 2013-08-08 | Method for operating a bulk material lock |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2013304240A1 AU2013304240A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
| AU2013304240B2 true AU2013304240B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
Family
ID=48951457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2013304240A Active AU2013304240B2 (en) | 2012-08-15 | 2013-08-08 | Method for operating a bulk material lock |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR102085017B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104364355A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013304240B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102012107486B3 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN2014DN08016A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2606422C2 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA112122C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014026908A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201406915B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014115915A1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-04 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Sealing system for a container closure |
| DE102014117788A1 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2016-06-09 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Locking system with a cone lock |
| CN106591099B (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2021-09-28 | 北京安吉蓝天科技发展有限公司 | Feeding and discharging device and method |
| CN106893611B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2020-06-12 | 内蒙古大唐国际克什克腾煤制天然气有限责任公司 | Coal pressure gasification equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2131448A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1984-06-20 | Ruhrgas Ag | Gasification of carbonaceous agglomerates |
| DD239001A1 (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-09-10 | Schwarze Pumpe Gas Veb | PROCESS FOR THE SAFE COOLING OF PRESSURE GAS GENERATORS |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE809226C (en) * | 1949-05-20 | 1951-07-26 | Ruhrgas Ag | Method for operating the fuel lock of compressed gas generators |
| DD110299A1 (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1974-12-12 | ||
| DE2607754A1 (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1977-09-08 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | METHOD OF FEING A REACTOR FOR PRESSURE GASIFICATION OF COAL |
| DD239000A1 (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-09-10 | Schwarze Pumpe Gas Veb | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SAFE COOLING OF PRESSURE GAS GENERATORS |
| DD289775B5 (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1993-06-03 | Schwarze Pumpe Energiewerke Ag | METHOD FOR PURIFYING A CARBON LOAD |
| DE10325912A1 (en) * | 2003-06-07 | 2005-01-20 | Sekundärrohstoff-Verwertungszentrum Schwarze Pumpe Gmbh | Process to discharge organic wastes from a gas-tight hopper into a solid bed reactor under nitrogen pressure |
| RU76914U1 (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2008-10-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский дважды ордена Трудового Красного Знамени теплотехнический научно-исследовательский институт" | GATEWAY DEVICE FOR LOADING A SOLID FUEL IN A GAS GENERATOR OPERATING UNDER PRESSURE |
| CN101974659B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Air bag type pressure regulating device for material feeding operation of high-pressure smelting furnace |
-
2012
- 2012-08-15 DE DE102012107486.0A patent/DE102012107486B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-08-08 RU RU2014148491A patent/RU2606422C2/en active
- 2013-08-08 IN IN8016DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN08016A/en unknown
- 2013-08-08 CN CN201380022642.5A patent/CN104364355A/en active Pending
- 2013-08-08 KR KR1020147035332A patent/KR102085017B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-08-08 AU AU2013304240A patent/AU2013304240B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-08 WO PCT/EP2013/066638 patent/WO2014026908A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-08 UA UAA201500751A patent/UA112122C2/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-09-22 ZA ZA2014/06915A patent/ZA201406915B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2131448A (en) * | 1982-12-09 | 1984-06-20 | Ruhrgas Ag | Gasification of carbonaceous agglomerates |
| DD239001A1 (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1986-09-10 | Schwarze Pumpe Gas Veb | PROCESS FOR THE SAFE COOLING OF PRESSURE GAS GENERATORS |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA201406915B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| AU2013304240A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
| KR102085017B1 (en) | 2020-03-05 |
| RU2606422C2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
| RU2014148491A (en) | 2016-06-27 |
| WO2014026908A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| UA112122C2 (en) | 2016-07-25 |
| DE102012107486B3 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
| IN2014DN08016A (en) | 2015-05-01 |
| KR20150042154A (en) | 2015-04-20 |
| CN104364355A (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| PC | Assignment registered |
Owner name: NALWA SPECIAL STEEL (RAIGARH) LIMITED Free format text: FORMER OWNER(S): L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE |