AU2012241078A1 - Printed Material Printed with a Dot Pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

Printed material printed with a dot pattern adapted for information input/output, in which a plurality of dots are arranged in a rectangular area of a square or rectangular block on a medium surface on the basis of a dot code generating algorithm in accordance with a predetermined rule, the dots being used for recognition of a variety of information. The dot pattern comprises reference grid point dots arranged on virtual reference grid points virtually provided at predetermined intervals on virtual straight lines in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction configuring a frame of the rectangular area or block, and one or more information dots, each of which is arranged with a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of grid lines provided by virtually connecting the virtual reference grid points to each other, the grid lines being straight lines parallel to the reference grid lines. 3766350_1 (GHMatters) P74561 AU I Fig. 1 8c 6 12::'X 11- 8a 8b 7

Description

AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Standard Patent Applicant: Kenji Yoshida Invention Title: Printed Material Printed with a Dot Pattern The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method for performing it known to me: -2 PRINTED MATERIAL PRINTED WITH A DOT PATTERN Related Application [0001] This application is divided from and claims the benefit of the filing and priority dates of application no. 2005331401 filed 28 April 2005, the content of which as filed in translation is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field [0002] The present invention relates to printed material printed with a dot pattern that is optically readable for inputting/outputting a variety of information or programs. Background Art [0003] Conventionally, there has been an information output method for reading a barcode printed on a printed matter or the like, and then, outputting information such as a voice. For example, there has been a method for storing in advance information that is coincident with key information imparted to storage means, retrieving the information from a key read by means of a barcode reader, and then, outputting information or the like. In addition, there has also been proposed a technique of generating a dot pattern obtained by arranging fine dots under a predetermined rule so as to output a plenty of information or programs, picking up and digitizing the dot pattern printed on picking up the dot pattern printed onto a printed matter or the like as image data by means of a camera, digitizing, and then, outputting voice information. [0004] However, the conventional method for outputting a voice or the like by mean of a barcode has entailed a problem that the barcode printed on a printed matter or the like is an eyesore. In addition, the above conventional method has entailed a problem that a barcode is large in size and occupies part of paper, and thus, if the barcode is thus large in size, it is impossible, on the aspect of layout, to clearly lay out a number of barcodes by partial paragraph or sentence or by character or object which has the significance appearing in images of photographs, pictures or graphics. [0005] A dot pattern is picked up as image data by means of a camera, and then, the image data is digitized in no-colour 256 gradations. In order to easily recognize dots, the variation of the gradation is differentiated, and then, a dot edge is 376350_1 (GHMatlers) P74581.AU.1 -3 sharpened. Next, the data on the 256 gradations is binarized to white or black. By means of this binarization, when a dot is printed on paper, a dot print error occurs, the error being caused by a print shift or blurring and a shift when a pixel has been provided. Conventionally, such a print error has been error-checked by means of a parity check. However, these error checks have had: a problem that an error check is made relative to a block of data obtained from a plurality of dots instead of a print error check by dot, making it impossible to determined with which of the dot such a print error has occurred; and a problem that a camera image picking up range must be widely determined. [0006] Further, the above error checks have entailed a problem that a distortion occurs with the dot pattern picked up as an image exerted by a lens distortion or a distortion exerted at the time of oblique image pickup, paper expansion or contraction, medium surface curling, or printing, and then, sophisticated technique is required to correct this distortion. Summary of the Invention [0007] According to a first broad aspect, the present invention provides printed material printed with a dot pattern adapted for information input/output, in which a plurality of dots are arranged in a rectangular area of a square or rectangular block on a medium surface on the basis of a dot code generating algorithm in accordance with a predetermined rule, the dots being used for recognition of a variety of information, the dot pattern comprising: reference grid point dots arranged on virtual reference grid points virtually provided at predetermined intervals on virtual straight lines in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction configuring a frame of the rectangular area or block; and one or more information dots, each of which is arranged with a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of grid lines provided by virtually connecting the virtual reference grid points to each other, the grid lines being straight lines parallel to the reference grid lines. [0008] In one embodiment, the reference grid point dots are arranged only on the virtual reference grid points. In another embodiment, the reference grid point dots are arranged on each of the virtual reference grid points. [0009] In a certain embodiment, in the rectangular area or block, one or more 37863501 (GHMatters) P74581 AU I -4 information dots are further placed, each of which has a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of oblique grid lines connecting the virtual reference grid points in an oblique direction. In a particular embodiment, at a boundary between areas that define different information on a medium surface, the dot pattern causes recognition of the boundary of the areas by whether or not a dot is arranged on the virtual grid point, instead of arranging the information dot. [0010] In another embodiment, the dot pattern has an area that defines no information on a medium surface, and causes recognition of the area that defines no information by whether or not a dot is arranged on the virtual grid point, instead of arranging the information dot. The dot pattern may define information by whether a dot is arranged on the virtual grid point as the information dot or not, in addition to arranging the information dot. [0011] In a particular embodiment, the method further comprises a key dot that defines the orientation of the rectangular area or block and is placed at a position that is shifted from at least one virtual reference grid point on the reference grid line configuring the rectangular area or block. [0012] In one embodiment, an information dot at a predetermined position among the information dots is defined as a key dot in the rectangular area or block, and information of the information dot placed in a respective rectangular area by rotating the rectangular area by 90 degrees around a centre of the rectangular area or block is defined by a direction or a distance that excludes a direction required to define the key dot. [0013] In another embodiment, information of the information dot in the rectangular area or block is defined by arbitrarily limiting the position of the information dot in the rectangular area or block by a distance and a direction thereof from the virtual grid point for each information dot. [0014] According to a second broad aspect, the present invention provides a dot pattern adapted for information input/output, in which a plurality of dots are arranged in a rectangular area of a square or rectangular block on a medium surface on the basis of a dot code generating algorithm in accordance with a 3766350.1 (GHMatters) P74581.AU.1 -5 predetermined rule, the dots being used for recognition of a variety of information, the dot pattern comprising: reference grid point dots arranged on virtual reference grid points virtually provided at predetermined intervals on virtual straight lines in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction configuring a frame of the rectangular area or block; and one or more information dots, each of which is arranged with a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of grid lines provided by virtually connecting the virtual reference grid points to each other, the grid lines being straight lines parallel to the reference grid lines. [0015] According to a third broad aspect, the present invention provides an optical reading device comprising a reading unit for obtaining a dot pattern as described above as image data, and a processor that analyzes the image data and decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern. [0016] According to a fourth broad aspect, the present invention provides a reading method comprising obtaining a dot pattern as described above as image data and, by a processor, analyzing the image data and decoding a numeric value defined by the dot pattern. The method may further comprise controlling an information output device based on the decoded numeric value. [0017] According to a fifth broad aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device storing a sequence of instructions for causing a processor to execute: from a reading unit, obtaining a dot pattern as described above, onto the processor as image data; and analyzing the image data and decoding a numeric value defined by the dot pattern. [0018] According to a sixth broad aspect, the present invention provides a dot pattern reading device comprising: a reading unit that obtains a dot pattern as described above as image data; and a processor that analyzes the image data, decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern, and controls an information output device based on the decoded numeric value. 376835O1 (GHMatters) P74581 AU.I -6 [0019] According to a seventh broad aspect, the present invention provides an information processing device for using a dot pattern reading method, the device comprising a reading unit that obtains a dot pattern as described above as image data, and a processor that analyzes the image data, decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern, and executes a processing corresponding to the decoded numeric value. The processing may comprise outputting at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program. [0020] According to a eighth broad aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device storing a dot pattern generation program for generating a dot pattern as described above. [0021] According to a ninth broad aspect, the present invention provides a dot pattern generation device comprising: a processor programmed in accordance with a dot pattern generation algorithm for generating the dot pattern as described above; and a transmission unit that transmits the dot pattern to a dot pattern output unit. [0022] According to a tenth broad aspect, the present invention provides a method of generating a dot pattern, comprising: generating a dot pattern as described above; and transmitting the dot pattern to a dot pattern output unit. [0023] According to a eleventh broad aspect, the present invention provides an information input and output device comprising: a reading unit for obtaining a dot pattern as described above as image data; a processor that analyzes the image data and decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern; and an output unit that outputs at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program that are related with the numeric value decoded by the processor. [0024] According to a twelfth broad aspect, the present invention provides an information input and output method using a dot pattern, the method comprising: 3768350_1 (GHMatters) P74581.AU.1 -7 from a reading unit, obtaining a dot pattern as described above as image data; by a processor, decoding the dot pattern; and outputting at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program that are related with a numeric value decoded by the processor. [0025] According to a thirteenth broad aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, storing a sequence of instructions for causing a processor to: from a reading unit, obtain a dot pattern as described above as image data; decode the dot pattern; and output at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program that are related with a numeric value decoded by the processor. [0026] It should be noted that any of the various individual features of each of the above aspects of the invention, and any of the various individual features of the embodiments described herein including in the claims, can be combined as suitable and desired. Brief Description of the Drawings [0027] In order that the invention may be more clearly ascertained, embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 is an illustrative view depicting one example of a dot pattern. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing an example of information dots in a dot pattern. Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), and Fig. 3 (c) are illustrative views depicting how key dots and information dots are laid out. Fig. 4 shows an example of information dots and bit representation of data defined therein. Figs. 5 (a) to (f) each show an example of information dots and bit representations defined therein, wherein Fig. 5 (a) shows a case in which two dots are laid out; Fig. 5 (b) shows a case in which four dots are laid out; Fig. 5 (c) to (e) each show an case in which five dots are laid out; and Fig. 5 (f) shows a case in which seven information dots are laid out. 3766350_1 (GHMatters) P74581 AU.1 Figs. 6 (a) to (d) are views each showing an exemplary configuration of a block, wherein Fig. 6 (a) shows an exemplary configuration of 2 x 3 = 6 rectangular areas; Fig. 6 (b) shows an exemplary configuration of 3 x 3 = 9 rectangular areas; Fig. 6 (c) shows an exemplary configuration of 4 x 3 = 12 rectangular areas; and Fig. 6 (d) shows an exemplary configuration of 5 x 5 = 25 rectangular areas, respectively. Fig. 7 is an illustrative view of a method for assigning "0" and "1" to least significant bits and checking an error of an information dot. Fig. 8 is an illustrative view depicting a relationship among a true value K, a security table R, and an information dot I for the purpose of illustration of the security of the information dot. Figs. 9(a)-1 to (d)-2 show dummy dots and null dots, wherein Fig. 9(a)-1 is an illustrative view of dummy dots; Fig. 9(a)-2 is an illustrative view of null dots; Fig. 9(b) and Fig. 9(c) are each examples of printed matter; Fig. 9(d)-1 is an exemplary layout of dot patterns restricting the boundary between two masks by means of null dots; and Fig. 9(d)-2 is an illustrative view depicting an exemplary layout of dot patterns restricting the boundary between a null dot and a background by means of null dots. Fig. 10 (a) is an illustrative view depicting a sequential order of inputting information dots and Fig. 10 (b) is an illustrative view depicting a method for reading dot patterns and calculating X and Y coordinate values. Fig. 11 is a view showing a relationship in layout between a reference grid line configuring an outer frame of a block and a reference grid point dot. Fig. 12 is a view showing a relationship in layout between a grid line, an oblique grid line, and a virtual grid point and an information dot. Fig. 13 is a view for explaining a method for retrieving an information dot 3 around a virtual grid point. Fig. 14 is a view for explaining a relationship in layout between a block orientation and a key dot. Detailed Description [0028] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [0029] Fig. 1 is an illustrative view depicting one example of a dot pattern of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing one example of information dots of a dot pattern and bit representation of data defined therein; and Fig. 3 (a), 37868350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 -9 Fig. 3 (b), and Fig. 3 (c) are illustrative views each depicting how key dots and information dots are laid out. [0030] The information input/output method using dot patterns, according to the present invention, is comprised of: recognition of a dot pattern 1; and means for outputting information and programs from this dot pattern 1. [0031] In other words, the dot pattern 1 is picked up as image data by means of a camera; a reference grid point dot 4 is first extracted, and then, the thus extracted dot is determined to be at a position of a virtual reference grid point 6; and a straight line connecting these virtual reference grid points 6 is defined as a reference grid line 7. In the case where the reference grid point dots 4 are not laid out at position of the virtual grid points 6 at which the dots should be, dots at the periphery of this virtual reference grid points 6 are extracted, and the extracted dots each are defined as a key dot 2 (rectangular parts at four corners of a block). Next, vertical and horizontal grid lines 8a, 8b connecting the virtual reference grid points 6 are set, and then, a cross points between the grid lines 8a and 8b is defined as a virtual grid point 11 (first virtual grid point). Then, the dots at the periphery of this virtual grid point 11 are retrieved, and then, an information dot 3 defined depending on the distance and direction from the virtual grid point is extracted. [0032] In addition, assuming an oblique grid line 8c connecting the virtual reference grid points 6 to each other in an oblique direction, a cross point of these oblique grid lines 8c is also defined as a virtual grid point 12 (second virtual grid point). Then, the dots at the periphery of this virtual grid point 12 are also retrieved, and then, the information dot 3 defined depending on the distance and direction from the virtual grid point 12 is extracted. [0033] Next, the orientation of the block is determined depending on the direction from the virtual reference grid point 6 or virtual grid point 11 of a key dot 2. For example, in thee case where the key dot 2 has been shifted in the +y direction from a virtual grid point, the information dot 3 in a block may be recognized while a vertical direction is defined as a forward direction. [0034] Further, if the key dot 2 is shifted in the -y direction from the virtual reference grid point 6 or virtual grid point 11, the information dot 3 in a block may 3768350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 -10 be recognized while the direction in which the block has been rotated at 180 degrees around a block centre is defined as a forward direction. [0035] Furthermore, if the key dot 2 is shifted in the -x direction from the virtual reference grid point 6 or virtual grid point 11, the information dot in a block may be recognized while the direction in which the block has been rotated clockwise at an angle of 90 degrees around a block centre is defined as a forward direction. [0036] Moreover, if the key dot 2 is shifted in the +x direction from the virtual reference grid point 6 or virtual grid point 11, the information dot 3 in a block may be recognized while the direction in which the block has been rotated counterclockwise at an angle of 90 degrees around a block centre is defined as a forward direction. [0037] If images of dot patterns read by optical reader means are accumulated in a frame buffer, a central processing unit (CPU) of the optical reader means analyzes dots in the frame buffer, and then, decodes the numeric values defined by information dot 3 depending on the distance and direction from virtual grid points 11, 12 of information dots 3. As the xy coordinate or codes, these numeric values are crosschecked with information stored in the optical reader means or memory of a personal computer; and the voice, images, mobile images, and programs or the like corresponding to the xy coordinate or codes are read out, and then, are outputted from a voice/image output means or the like. [0038] In generation of the dot pattern 1 of the present invention, in accordance with an algorithm for generating a dot code, in order to recognize information such as a voice, fine dots, i.e., the key dot 2, the information dot 3, and reference grid point dot 4 are arranged under a predetermined rule. [0039] As shown in Fig. 1, a rectangular area such as a square or a rectangle, of a medium face such as a printed matter, is defined as a block 1. In addition, while straight lines in the vertical and horizontal directions configuring a frame of the block 1 each are defined as a reference grid line 7 (lines indicated by thick lines in Fig. 1), virtual reference grid points 6 are provided at predetermined intervals on the reference grid line 7, and then, reference grid point dots 4 are laid out on the virtual reference grid points 6. Next, straight lines connecting the virtual reference grid points 6 to each other and parallel to the reference grid line 7 are defined as 3708350_1 (GHMatters) P74581.AU.1 - 11 grid lines 8a, 8b and a cross point between the grid lines 8a and 8b is defined as a virtual grid point 11 (first virtual grid point). [0040] Still furthermore, an oblique grid line 8c connecting the virtual reference grid points 6 to each other in an oblique direction is set and a cross point between these oblique grid lines 8c is defined as a virtual grid point 12 (second virtual grid point). [0041] One or plurality of information dots 3 having a distance and a direction around the thus set grid point are laid out, respectively, to generate a dot pattern. [0042] When this dot pattern 1 is picked up as image data by means of a camera, lens distortion of the camera or a distortion exerted at the time of oblique image pickup, paper expansion and contraction, medium surface curling, or printing can be corrected by means of the reference grid point dots 4. Specifically, a correction function (Xh Yn) = f (X'n Y'n) is obtained for converting distorted four virtual grid points into an original square, information dots are corrected by the same function, and the vector of correct information dot 3 is obtained. [0043] If the reference grid point dots are laid out in the dot pattern 1, the image data obtained by picking up this dot pattern 1 by means of a camera corrects the distortion caused by the camera, so that, when the image data on the dot pattern 1 is picked up by means of a general type camera having a lens with a high distortion rate mounted thereon as well, the image data can be precisely recognized. In addition, even if the camera is tilted relative to a face of the dot pattern 1, the dot pattern 1 can be precisely recognized. [0044] The key dot 2, as shown in Fig. 1, serves as a dot laid out depending on a distance and a direction around one virtual grid point 11 that exists at a substantially central position of virtual grid points laid out in a rectangular shape. This key dot 2 serves as a representative point of the dot pattern 1 for one block representative of a group of information dots. For example, these dots are laid out at the positions shifted by 0.2 mm upwardly of a virtual grid point at the block centre of the dot pattern 1. Therefore, in the case where the information dot 3 is defined by X, Y coordinate values from a virtual grid point, the position distant at a distance of 0.2 mm downwardly of the key dot 2 is defined as a virtual grid point (coordinate point). However, this numeric value 80.2 mm) can vary according to 3768350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 -12 whether the block of the dot patterns 1 is large or small in size without being limitative thereto. [0045] The information dot 3 serves as a dot for recognizing a variety of information. In the case of Fig. 1, the information dots 3 are laid out at the periphery thereof while the key dot is defined as a representative point and are laid out at end points expressed by means of a vector while the centre surrounded by four virtual grid points 11 (first virtual grid points) is defined as a virtual grid point (second virtual grid point), and then, the defined grid point is defined as a start point. For example, this information dot 3 is surrounded by means of virtual grid points 11, 12. As shown in Fig. 2, the dots that are distant by 0.2 mm from the virtual point are laid out in eight directions while they are rotated clockwise by 45 degrees in order to provide the direction and length that are expressed by the vector, and then, three bits are expressed. [0046] With reference to the figure, 3 bits x 16 = 48 bits can be expressed in a dot pattern 1 of one block. [0047] While, in the illustrative embodiment, the dots layout is provided in the eight directions to express three bits, the dot layout can be provided in 16 directions to express four bits and, of course, the dot layout can be variously changed. [0048] It is desirable that the diameter of the key dot 2, information dot, or reference grid point dot 4 be on the order of 0.1 mm in consideration of appearance, precision of printing relative to paper, camera resolution and optimal digitization. [0049] In addition, it is desirable that intervals of reference grid point dots 4 be on the order of 1 mm vertically and horizontally in consideration of incorrect recognition of a variety of dots 2, 3, 4. It is desirable that the distortion of the key dot 2 be on the order of 20% of the grid intervals. [0050] It is desirable that a gap between this information dot 3 and a virtual grid point 11, 12 be on the order of 15% to 30% of a distance between the virtual grid points 11 and 12 adjacent thereto. The reason therefor is set forth as follows. If the distance between the information dot and the virtual grid point 11, 12 is longer 37663501 (GHMaeter) P74501.AU.1 -13 than this interval, dots are easily visually recognized as a large block, and the dot pattern 1 is eyesore. On the other hand, if the distance between the information dot 2 and the virtual grid point 11, 12 is shorter than the above interval, it becomes difficult to determine that the target dot is an information dot 3 having vector directivity around either of the virtual grid points 11, 12 adjacent thereto. [0051] Fig. 3 shows a sequential order of reading information dots 3 in a block, wherein the numbers circled in the figure denotes a layout area of the information dots laid out by virtual grid points 11, 12, respectively. [0052] For example, in the case of Fig. 3 (a), (1) to (25) are laid out clockwise therefrom around (1) of as block centre (this denotes number "1" circled in the figure). At this time, the grid interval is 1 mm, for example, and 3 bits x 16 = 48 bits is expressed by 4 mm x 4 mm. [0053] In Fig. 3 (b), after from an information dot (1) in the rectangular area at the left top of a block to an information dot (4) have been laid out sequentially in a vertical direction, information dots (5) to (7) are laid out at cross points between the grid lines in the vertical and horizontal direction. [0054] In Fig. 3 (c), after an information dot (1) in the rectangular area at the left top of a block to an information dot (16) have been laid out sequentially in a vertical direction, information dots (17) to (25) are laid out alternately at a cross point between the vertical and horizontal grid lines. [0055] Fig. 4 shows an example of an information dot 3 and bit representation of data defined therein and shows another aspect of the invention. [0056] In addition, if eight vector directions are defined with the use of two types of dot i.e., a long dot (upper stage of Fig. 4) and a short dot (lower stage of Fig. 4) from the virtual grid points 11, 12 surrounded by the reference grip point dot 4 relative to the information dot 3, four bits can be expressed. At this time, it is desirable that the long dot be on the order of 25% to 30% of a distance between the virtual grid points 11 and 12 adjacent thereto and that the short dot be on the order of 15% to 20% thereof. However, it is desirable that a central interval of the long and short be longer than the diameter of each of these dots. 3788350_1 (GHMatters) P74581 AU.

-14 [0057] It is desirable that the information dot 3 surrounded by four virtual grid points 11, 12 be one dot in consideration of appearance. However, in the case where an attempt is made to increase the amount of information while ignoring the appearance, a large amount of information can be provided by assigning one bit, and then, expressing information dots 3 in plurality. For example, in concentric eight-directional vectors, information for 2 can be expressed by means of a information dot 3 and 2128 is obtained by 16 information dots in one block. [0058] Figs. 5 (a) to (f) each show an example of an information dot 3 and bit representation of data defined therein, wherein Fig. 5 (a) shows a case in which two dots are laid out; Fig. 5 (b) shows a case in which four dots are laid out; and Fig. 5 (c) to Fig. 5 (e) each show a case in which five dots are laid out; and Fig. 5 (f) shows a case in which seven dots are laid out. [0059] Figs. 6 (a) to (d) each show modification of a dot pattern, wherein Fig. 6 (a) shows a case in which eight information dots 3 are laid out in a block; Fig. 6 (b) shows a case in which 18 information dots are laid out therein; Fig. 6 (c) shows a case in which 13 information dots are laid out; and Fig. 6 (d) shows a case in which 41 information dots 3 are laid out. [0060] Each of the dot patterns 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 3 described previously also shows an example in which 25 information dots 3 are laid out in one block. However, these information dots 3 can be variously changed without being limitative thereto. For example, according to a large or small amount of information required or camera resolution, eight information dots 3 may be laid out in one block (Fig. 6 8a); 13 information dots may be laid out in one block (Fig. 6 (b); 18 information dots 3 are laid out in one block (Fig. 6 (c)); or 41 information dots 3 are laid out in one block (Fig. 6 (d)). [0061] Fig. 7 is an illustrative view of a method for assigning "0" and "1" to the least significant bits and checking an information dot error. [0062] Further, one information dot 3 is uniformly laid out and "0" and "1" are alternately assigned to the least significant bits so that they are used for checking an error, thereby making it possible to check an error of this information dot 3. In this error check system, information dots are generated alternately in the vertical, horizontal, and 45-degree tilt directions, making it possible to eliminate the 3768350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 -15 regularity of a dot pattern. In other words, the information dots obtained by alternately assigning "0" and "1" to the least significant bits are always positioned in the vertical, horizontal, or 45-degree tilt direction around the virtual grid points 11, 12. Therefore, when the information dots 3 are positioned in a direction other than the horizontal or 45-degree tilt direction, these dots are determined as those displayed at their appropriate positions. In this way, an error inputted when the information dots 3 are shifted in a rotational direction around the virtual grid points 11, 12 can be reliably checked. [0063] When the information dots 3 are determined as eight directions (45-degree intervals) and as long/short dots (refer to Fig. 4), if the least significant one bit is "0") or "1", among four bits, in the case where the above one bit is shifted to one of the positions of the adjacent three dots (concentric circle ± two points at 45-degree rotation position + either one of long and short dots), it can be handled as an error and 100% error check can be made. [0064] Fig. 8 is an illustrative view depicting how information dots 11 to 116 are arranged in order to explain the security of information dots. [0065] For example, in order to disable visually reading data on a dot pattern 1, the computation expressed by a function f (Kn) is carried out with respect to Il of an information dot 3; In = Kn + Ra is expressed by means of the dot pattern 1; a dot pattern In is inputted; and thereafter, Kn = In - Ra is obtained. [0066] Alternatively, in order to disable visually reading data on the dot pattern 1, a plurality of information dots are laid out in one column with a key dot 2 being a representative point and such one train is laid out in plurality of trains, and then, a difference in data between two trains adjacent to each other is handled as data on the information dot 3, whereby the information dots 3 each can be laid out so that regularity of the information dots 3 is eliminated. [0067] In this manner, the security can be enhanced in order to disable visually reading the dot pattern 1 printed on a medium face. In addition, when the dot pattern 1 has been printed on the medium face, the information dots 3 are laid out in random, a pattern is eliminated, and the dot pattern can be made moderate. [0068] Figs. 9 (a) to (d) show dummy dots, wherein Fig. 9 (a) is an illustrative view 376350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 -16 of dummy dots; Fig. 9 (b) shows one example of a printed matter; Fig. 9 (c) shows an area in a printed matter; and Fig. 9 (d) is an illustrative view depicting an example of laying out dot patterns that restrict the boundary of a mask by means of dummy dots. [0069] A dot is laid out at a central position (second virtual grid point) of four virtual grid points 11 (first virtual lattice points), and this dot is defined as a dummy dot 5 to which no information is imparted (Fig. 9 (a)). This dummy dot 5 can be used for numeric data or areas in which X, Y coordinate values have been defined and the boundary between the areas, numeric data or an area in which the X, Y coordinate values are not defined. [0070] For example, as shown in Fig. 9 (a), three types of patterns such as lesser bear, hippopotamus, or sun are printed on a printed matter, and then the areas corresponding to these three patterns are laid out as mask 1, mask 2, and mask 3, as shown in Fig. 9 (c). As shown in Fig. 9 (d), the dummy dot 5 is laid out at the boundary of mask 1 and mask 2. [0071] In the case where the dummy dot 5 is used for the boundary, there is no need for defining all of the blocks of the corresponding positions as dummy dots 5, and it is sufficient if a minimum dot is defined as a dummy dot in order to indicate the boundary. [0072] In addition, a dummy dot is laid out in an area other than the masks, and an area in which no information is defined can be provided. [0073] When the dot pattern 1 is picked up as image data by means of a camera, the X, Y coordinate values are calculated at the positions of the key dot 2 that is a representative point of information, and thereafter, the coordinate values are compensated for by means of the increments of the X, Y coordinate values at the representative points adjacent to each other and a distance from an image pickup centre to the key dot 2 on which the X, Y coordinate values have been calculated. [0074] Alternatively, when the block of dot patterns 1 is picked up as image data by means of a camera, information dots are sequentially read from the information dots that exist at the periphery of the image pickup centre of the camera in an area in which identical data is defined in blocks or an area in which the X, Y coordinate 3768350_1 (GHMattes) P74581.AU.1 - 17 values are defined, and then, information dots 3 equivalent to one block are read, whereby the dot pattern 1 is read in a minimum area from the image pickup centre of the camera, and then, data at the image pickup central position is calculated. [0075] Fig. 10 (a) shows sequential order of information dots equivalent to one block in a minimum area from the image pickup centre of the camera. 4 x 4 columns = 16 information dots are inputted clockwise. [0076] Fig. 10 (b) is an illustrative view depicting a method for reading a dot pattern and calculating X, Y coordinate values. [0077] As illustrated, the X, Y coordinate values to be obtained are defined as X, Y coordinate values of a block having the camera image pickup centre. With respect to the X, Y coordinate values, if the increment is defined as +1 in the X direction (right direction) and in the Y direction (upper direction) by block, there is a need for compensating for the information dots inputted from another block. K8 K7 K 6

K

5 (i 1 6 i 15 i 14 i 13 i 12 i 11 i10 is) indicating the X-coordinate value and K 4

K

3

K

2 K, (i 8 i7 i6 i5 i4 i 3 i 2 i1) indicating the Y-coordinate value are targeted for compensation. Other coordinate values K 16 to K 9 (i 3 2 to i1 7 ) become identical in any block, and there is no need for compensation. [0078] These calculations are obtained by formula 1 below (see paragraph 79). Even if a digit is risen by means of calculation in [ ], it is assumed that the columns of bits preceding [ ] are not adversely affected. If an error check bit is excluded from among an information dot I, the bit is defined as K. [0079] Formula 1: (1) In the case where 11111 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 11K8. 11

K

7 - 11K6 - 211K5 Y coordinate = 12K4 . 12K3 -12K2 - [22K1 + 1] (2) In the case where 11115 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12K8B 12K7 121K6 2 2

K

5 - 1 Y coordinate = 12K4 12K3 12

K

2 - [22K1 + 1] (3) In the case where 1213 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12K8. 12K7- 121K6 221K5 Y coordinate = 12K4 . 12K3- 121K2 [22K1 + 1] 3788350_1 (GHMatters) P74581.AU.1 - 18 (4) In the case where 1117 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12

K

8

-

12

K

7

.

12

K

6 22K5 Y coordinate = 12K4 - 12

K

3

-

12

K

2

[

22

K

1 + 1] (5) In the case where 11112 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = jK 11 K7 - 21K 6 2 1

K

5 Y coordinate = 12K4 - 1 2

K

3 - [22K2 22K1 + 1] (6) In the case where 11116 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12

K

8

-

12

K

7 . 22K- - 1 Y coordinate = 12K4 - 1 2K 3 - [22K2 -22K + 1] (7) In the case where 1214 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12

K

8

-

12

K

7 22

K

6 22

K

5 Y coordinate = 12K4 12

K

3 [22K2 22K + 1] (8) In the case where 1218 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12

K

8

-

12

K

7 . 22K- 22K Y coordinate = 12

K

4

.

12

K

3 . [ 22

K

2 22

K

1 + 1] (9) In the case where 2119 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = ,K8 21

K

7 . 21K<6 21K5 Y coordinate = 12K4 [22K3 - 22K2 22K1 + 1] - 1 (10) In the case where 21113 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12K- 22K 7

-

22

K

6 21K5 - 1 Y coordinate = 12K4 [22K3 - 22K2 22K1 + 1] - 1 (11) In the case where 2211 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 12

K

8 22

K

7 - 22K. 22K5 Y coordinate = 12K4 [22K3 22K2 22

K

1 + 1] - 1 (12) In the case where 2215 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 1 2

K

8 22

K

7 - 22K- 22K5 Y coordinate = 12K4 [ 22

K

3 . 22K2 22K + 11 - 1 (13) In the case where 21110 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 21K 21K7 .

21

K

5 Y coordinate = 22K4 22

K

3 22K2 -22K (14) In the case where 21114 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 22K8- 22K7 . 22K6 22K Y coordinate = 2 2

K

4 22K3 -22K2 22K1 (15) In the case where 2212 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) X coordinate = 22K8 22

K

7

-

22

K

6 - 22K5 Y coordinate = 2 2

K

4 22K3* 22K2 22K1 (16) In the case where 2216 is a start point (camera image pickup centre) 3788350_1 (GHMatlers) P74561.AU.1 -19 X coordinate = 22K8 22K7 .22K6 22K5 Y coordinate = 22

K

4 22

K

3 22K2 22K1 [0080] When the dot pattern 1 is picked up as image data by means of the camera, if an error has occurred with the information dot 3, the closest information dot 3 equivalent to the information dot 3 is read, and then, the error is corrected, whereby the dot pattern 1 can be read in the minimum area from the image pickup centre of the camera. [0081] Utilizing the method for picking up information described above, a tablet or a digitizer that uses the XY coordinate and an input interface can be practiced. For example, with respect to the tablet or the digitizer, a transparent sheet on which the dot pattern 1 has been printed is superimposed on a target; an image is picked up by means of the camera; and then, the XY coordinate values of the dot pattern 1 are inputted. [0082] Next, with reference to Figs. 11 to 14, a description will be given in further detail with respect to a case in which key dots 2 have been laid out at the positions different from those shown in Fig. 1 and a method of making searches for information dots 3 and key dots 2 in that case. [0083] When an image pickup element such as a CCD or a CMOS serving as optical image pickup means first picks up reflection light of irradiation light irradiated on a medium face, the image pickup data (image data) is expanded on a memory frame buffer. Next, a central processing unit (CPU) of the optical image pickup means starts a search for the image data expanded on the frame buffer by means of a search program read out from the memory. [0084] At this time, reference grid point dots 4 configuring an outer frame of a block are linearly laid out at predetermined intervals, so that the central processing unit (CPU) determines whether or not a straight line is substantially obtained by connecting these linearly laid out dots to each other (refer to Fig. 11). [0085] Then, it is determined whether or not the dots existing on the reference grid line 78 are laid out by predetermined length. At this time, if a distance between dots is equal to another distance, such dots are determined to be reference grid point dots 4. In the case where dots are laid out differently, these 37883501 (GHMotters) P74561.AU.1 -20 dots are determined to be key dots 2 (Fig. 14). [0086] Next, reference grid point dots 4 in the vertical and horizontal directions (virtual reference grids 6) are connected to each other by means of straight lines (grid lines 8a, 8b), a cross point therebetween is defined as a virtual grid point 11 (first virtual grid point). Next, virtual reference grid points 6 in the oblique direction are connected to each other, an oblique grid line 8c is defined, and a cross point between these oblique grid lines 8c is further defined as a virtual grid point 12 (second virtual grid point). [0087] Next, while either of the above two types of virtual grid points 11, 12 is defined as a start point, a search is made for information dots in a spiral manner (refer to Fig. 13). [0088] Then, with respect to four portions (four virtual grid points existing at positions at which intervals are equal to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions from a block centre in Fig. 14) at which key dots 2 can be laid out in a block, it is determined which of the dots is a key dot 2, with reference to the orientation and length of a respective one of the information dots 3 from the virtual grid points. In this manner, the information possessed by information dots 3 is determined by identifying the orientation. [0089] As shown in Fig. 14, in the case where an information dot 3 other than a block centre is defined as a key dot 2 (in the case of Fig. 14, where the position shifted in the upward direction by one virtual grid point from a block centre is defined as the layout position of the key dot 2), there is a possibility that an information dot 3 that exists at a corresponding position when the block centre is turned as a rotational axis by 90 degrees cannot be discriminated from a key dot 2 if the information dot is read by optical reader means. However, the manner of imparting the information dot 3 in the corresponding rectangular area other than the key dot 2 is made different, whereby the key dot 2 and the information dot 3 can be discriminated from each other. [0090] For example, as shown in Fig. 14, it is sufficient if the key dot 2 is laid out as a vector in only the vertical and horizontal directions from a virtual reference grid point 6 and if information is defined in an oblique direction in another rectangular area existing at a position turned by 90 degrees. 3766350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 -21 [0091] In addition, with respect to the key dot 2, while length of a vector is defined as a predetermined length, information may be defined by means of a vector different from another one in another rectangular area existing at a position turned by 90 degrees. [0092] In the case where the key dot 2 has been laid out at the block centre, with respect to another information dot 3, information may be defined in any of the vertical, horizontal, and oblique directions. [0093] The dot pattern 1 of the present invention, as described above, is printed on a printed matter such as a picture book or a text, and then, image data is picked by means of the camera. From the image data, a search is made for positions of information dots. From information on the positions, codes or XY coordinates are decoded. The voices, still pictures, motion pictures, characters, programs or the like corresponding to the codes or XY coordinates, are outputted from constituent elements such as a liquid crystal display device, s speaker, and a voice/image output terminal of equipment such as a personal computer, an information output device, a PDA (Personal Data Assistant), or a portable cellular phone. [0094] With respect to an information dot 3 of the block, information may be defined depending on a position that exists in the block of the information dot 3 while the distance and direction from the virtual grid points 11, 12 are arbitrarily limited by information dot 3. [0095] More specifically, specification may be defined such that the distance and direction from the virtual grid points 11, 12 has been changed by type of industry using the dot pattern (by manufacturer, by service industrial field or by company using this dot pattern). [0096] In this way, the dot pattern of the present invention can be utilized discriminately by limited usage, making it possible to ensure the security against leakage such as information leakage or code system leakage between types of industries or between companies. In other words, the limited defined information can be provided so as to readable only by the optical reader means corresponding thereto. 3786350.1 (GHManers) P74581.AU.1 -22 [0097] The present invention is not limitative to the embodiments of the invention described above. As long as a large amount of data is defined in a dot pattern by imparting different functions to dots 2, 3, 4 of a dot pattern 1, predetermined information or programs are outputted, and then, a variety of uses are enabled by recognizing directivity and speedily providing information, the present invention is not limitative to the embodiments described above. Of course, various modifications can occur without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [0098] For example, the dots (information dots 3 or key dots 2), which are laid out around a cross point (virtual grid point 11) of grid lines 8a, 8b in the vertical and horizontal directions, may be shifted from the virtual grid point 11 onto the cross point. In addition, the dots at the cross point on an oblique grid line 8c may be laid out on the oblique grad line 8c similarly. In this way, dotes are always laid out on the grid lines 8a, 8b, 8c, whereby an algorithm of a reading program for making a search for the grid lines 8a, 8b, 8c can be simplified and reading efficiency can be remarkably improved. Industrial Applicability [0099] As has been described above, according to the information input/output method using dot patterns, of the present invention, a dot pattern is picked up as image data by means of a camera, a reference grid point is first recognized and a key dot is extracted, directivity is recognized by means of the key dot, so that the direction can be used as a parameter. Next, by extracting the information dot laid out at the periphery of this key dot, information and programs can be outputted speedily. [0100] In addition, a reference grid point dot is laid out in a dot pattern, so that, when this dot pattern is picked up as image data by means of the camera, a distortion can be corrected to a dot pattern picked up as an image due to a lens distortion of the camera or a distortion exerted at the time of oblique image pick, paper face expansion or contraction, medium surface curling, or printing. [0101] Further, an error relative to a dot layout state can be checked, and security can be further enhanced. 3768350_1 (GHMatlers) P74581.AU.1 -23 [0102] Modifications within the scope of the invention may be readily effected by those skilled in the art. It is to be understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described by way of example hereinabove. [0103] In the claims that follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise owing to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, that is, to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. [0104] Further, any reference herein to prior art is not intended to imply that such prior art forms or formed a part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country. 3780350_1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1

Claims (24)

1. Printed material printed with a dot pattern adapted for information input/output, in which a plurality of dots are arranged in a rectangular area of a square or rectangular block on a medium surface on the basis of a dot code generating algorithm in accordance with a predetermined rule, the dots being used for recognition of a variety of information, the dot pattern comprising: reference grid point dots arranged on virtual reference grid points virtually provided at predetermined intervals on virtual straight lines in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction configuring a frame of the rectangular area or block; and one or more information dots, each of which is arranged with a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of grid lines provided by virtually connecting the virtual reference grid points to each other, the grid lines being straight lines parallel to the reference grid lines.

2. Printed material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reference grid point dots are arranged only on the virtual reference grid points.

3. Printed material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reference grid point dots are arranged on each of the virtual reference grid points.

4. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, in the rectangular area or block, one or more information dots are further placed, each of which has a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of oblique grid lines connecting the virtual reference grid points in an oblique direction.

5. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein, at a boundary between areas that define different information on a medium surface, the dot pattern causes recognition of the boundary of the areas by whether or not a dot is arranged on the virtual grid point, instead of arranging the information dot.

6. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dot pattern has an area that defines no information on a medium surface, and causes recognition of the area that defines no information by whether or not a dot is arranged on the virtual grid point, instead of arranging the information dot. 378350_1 (GHMatters) P74581.AU.1 - 25

7. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dot pattern defines information by whether a dot is arranged on the virtual grid point as the information dot or not, in addition to arranging the information dot.

8. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a key dot that defines the orientation of the rectangular area or block and is placed at a position that is shifted from at least one virtual reference grid point on the reference grid line configuring the rectangular area or block.

9. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein an information dot at a predetermined position among the information dots is defined as a key dot in the rectangular area or block, and information of the information dot placed in a respective rectangular area by rotating the rectangular area by 90 degrees around a centre of the rectangular area or block is defined by a direction or a distance that excludes a direction required to define the key dot.

10. Printed material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein information of the information dot in the rectangular area or block is defined by arbitrarily limiting the position of the information dot in the rectangular area or block by a distance and a direction thereof from the virtual grid point for each information dot.

11. A dot pattern adapted for information input/output, in which a plurality of dots are arranged in a rectangular area of a square or rectangular block on a medium surface on the basis of a dot code generating algorithm in accordance with a predetermined rule, the dots being used for recognition of a variety of information, the dot pattern comprising: reference grid point dots arranged on virtual reference grid points virtually provided at predetermined intervals on virtual straight lines in a vertical direction and a horizontal direction configuring a frame of the rectangular area or block; and one or more information dots, each of which is arranged with a distance and a direction with reference to each of a virtual grid point at a point of intersection of grid lines provided by virtually connecting the virtual reference grid points to each other, the grid lines being straight lines parallel to the reference grid lines. 37863501 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 - 26

12. An optical reading device comprising: a reading unit for obtaining a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; and a processor that analyzes the image data and decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern.

13. A reading method comprising: obtaining a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; and by a processor, analyzing the image data and decoding a numeric value defined by the dot pattern.

14. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising controlling an information output device based on the decoded numeric value.

15. An electronic device storing a sequence of instructions for causing a processor to execute: from a reading unit, obtaining a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11, onto the processor as image data; and analyzing the image data and decoding a numeric value defined by the dot pattern.

16. A dot pattern reading device comprising: a reading unit that obtains a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; and a processor that analyzes the image data, decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern, and controls an information output device based on the decoded numeric value.

17. An information processing device for using a dot pattern reading method, the device comprising: a reading unit that obtains the dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; and a processor that analyzes the image data, decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern, and executes a processing corresponding to the decoded numeric value. 3708350_1 (GHMafters) P74581.AU.1 - 27

18. A device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the processing comprises outputting at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program.

19. An electronic device storing a dot pattern generation program for generating a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11.

20. A dot pattern generation device comprising: a processor programmed in accordance with a dot pattern generation algorithm for generating a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11; and a transmission unit that transmits the dot pattern to a dot pattern output unit.

21. A method of generating a dot pattern, comprising: generating a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11; and transmitting the dot pattern to a dot pattern output unit.

22. An information input and output device comprising: a reading unit for obtaining a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; a processor that analyzes the image data and decodes a numeric value defined by the dot pattern; and an output unit that outputs at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program that are related with the numeric value decoded by the processor.

23. An information input and output method using a dot pattern, the method comprising: from a reading unit, obtaining a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; by a processor, decoding the dot pattern; and outputting at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program that are related with a numeric value decoded by the processor.

24. An electronic device, storing a sequence of instructions for causing a processor to:

3786350.1 (GHMatters) P74561.AU.1 - 28 from a reading unit, obtain a dot pattern as claimed in claim 11 as image data; decode the dot pattern; and output at least one of: a voice, an image, a moving image, a character, and an executed result of a program that are related with a numeric value decoded by the processor. 3766350_1 (GHMatters)P74561A±J1