AU2011235922A1 - Soil sampling device - Google Patents
Soil sampling device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2011235922A1 AU2011235922A1 AU2011235922A AU2011235922A AU2011235922A1 AU 2011235922 A1 AU2011235922 A1 AU 2011235922A1 AU 2011235922 A AU2011235922 A AU 2011235922A AU 2011235922 A AU2011235922 A AU 2011235922A AU 2011235922 A1 AU2011235922 A1 AU 2011235922A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- sampling device
- soil
- penetrating sleeve
- base member
- soil penetrating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Abstract
A sampling device 1 for obtaining a soil sample from the ground, the device including a support structure 3 having a base member 9 for resting on the ground surface; a frame assembly 5 moveable with respect to the support 5 structure 3, the frame assembly 5 including a soil penetrating sleeve 15 for receiving a soil sample therein, and a cutting assembly 7 for extracting a soil sample from the ground, the cutting assembly 7 including a cutting head 23 and an auger 25 positioned substantially within the soil penetrating sleeve 15, wherein, in use, the base member 9 rests on the ground surface and the soil 10 penetrating sleeve 15 and/or the cutting head 23 extend a predetermined distance beyond the base member 9 into the ground such that each sample obtained captures soil over a consistent ground depth.
Description
1 SOIL SAMPLING DEVICE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a soil sampling device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a hand held and operated soil sampling device for 5 efficiently collecting a soil sample for analysis. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In general, in order to measure a property or the composition of soil in the ground, a sample is typically obtained for analysis. The collection of a soil sample typically requires the insertion of some form of sampling device into the 10 ground. In the past, such devices have included some form of tube having one end which is pushed into the ground. In order to retain soil collected within the tube, the end of the tube which penetrates the ground surface can be slightly tapered. While such devices are able to collect a soil sample, the tapered end of the device has a tendency to compress the sample. Further, it is difficult to obtain 15 samples over a consistent ground depth. In this respect, it is difficult to ensure that the device penetrates the ground surface to the same depth each time a sample is taken. Accordingly, this impacts on the ability to accurately compare samples. It would be desirable to provide a soil sampling device which is able to 20 repeatedly capture a soil sample over a consistent ground depth. Any discussion of documents, devices, acts or knowledge in this specification is included to explain the context of the invention. It should not be taken as an admission that any of the material formed part of the prior art base or the common general knowledge in the relevant art in Australia on or before the 25 priority date of the claims herein. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a sampling device for obtaining a soil sample from the ground, the device including: a support structure having a base member for resting on the ground 30 surface; a frame assembly moveable with respect to the support structure, the frame assembly including a soil penetrating sleeve for receiving a soil sample therein, and 2 a cutting assembly for extracting a soil sample from the ground, the cutting assembly including a cutting head and an auger positioned substantially within the soil penetrating sleeve, wherein, in use, the base member rests on the ground surface and the soil 5 penetrating sleeve and/or the cutting head extend a predetermined distance beyond the base member into the ground such that each sample obtained captures soil over a consistent ground depth. The frame assembly preferably includes a lower guide member fixed to an outer surface of the soil penetrating sleeve. Further, the lower guide member 10 preferably lies substantially adjacent to the base member when the soil penetrating sleeve extends the predetermined distance beyond the base member. The base member may include a guide aperture through which the soil penetrating sleeve can be positioned. Further, the guide aperture may have a 15 bushing therein through which the soil penetrating sleeve can be positioned. In this respect, the lower guide member preferably abuts with the bushing when the soil penetrating sleeve extends the predetermined distance beyond the base member. The predetermined distance is preferably in the range of 60 mm to 100 mm, more preferably the predetermined distance is approximately 80 mm. 20 The cutting assembly may further include a longitudinal shaft upon which the auger and cutting head are positioned. The cutting assembly may further include an end cap fixed to the longitudinal shaft. In this respect, the end cap preferably abuts with an end of the soil penetrating sleeve when the cutting head protrudes from an opposing end of the soil penetrating sleeve. In this regard, the 25 cutting head preferably protrudes in the range of 20 mm to 60 mm from the opposing end of the soil penetrating sleeve when the end cap abuts with the one end of the soil penetrating sleeve. More preferably, the cutting head protrudes approximately 40 mm from the opposing end when the end cap abuts with the soil penetrating sleeve. 30 The frame assembly may further include an upper guide member spaced from the lower guide member. In this respect, the frame assembly may further include one or more support pillars fixed between the lower and upper guide members.
3 The upper guide member preferably includes a passageway therein through which the longitudinal shaft of the cutting assembly is positioned. Further, opposite ends of the upper guide member are preferably contoured to provide hand grips. 5 The support structure may further include an upper platform spaced from the base member. In this respect, the support structure may further include one or more support columns fixed between the base member and the upper platform. Further, the upper platform may have a central bore therein through which the longitudinal shaft may be supported. The upper platform may also include one or 10 more holes therein for supporting the one or more support pillars therein. The cutting assembly may further include a hand operable rotatable member fixed to an end of the longitudinal shaft. The soil sampling device of the present invention is advantageously able to consistently obtain soil samples of a uniform depth. Further, during the taking of 15 a sample, the outer surface of the soil penetrating sleeve prevents soil outside of the sleeve from falling into the hole created by sampling device. Accordingly, the sample obtained is not contaminated by surrounding soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described. The 20 preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting any of the statements in the previous section. The preferred embodiment will be described with reference to the following figures in which: Figure 1 is an image of a soil sampling device according to an embodiment of the invention, with the soil penetrating sleeve in a retracted position and the 25 end cap of the cutting assembly spaced from the soil penetrating sleeve; Figure 2 is an image of the soil sampling device in Figure 1, with the soil penetrating sleeve in a partially extended position and the end cap of the cutting assembly abutting with an end of the soil penetrating sleeve; Figure 3 is an image of the soil sampling device in Figure 1, with the soil 30 penetrating sleeve in a fully extended position and the end cap of the cutting assembly abutting with an end of the soil penetrating sleeve; Figure 4 is a drawing of the soil sampling device shown in Figure 1, with the support structure of the sampling device shown in cross-hatching; 4 Figure 5 is a drawing of the soil sampling device shown in Figure 1, with the frame assembly of the sampling device shown in cross-hatching, and Figure 6 is a drawing of the soil sampling device shown in Figure 1, with the cutting assembly of the sampling device shown in cross-hatching. 5 DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With reference to the accompanying figures, there is shown a sampling device 1 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The sampling device 1 includes a support structure 3, a frame assembly 5 and a cutting assembly 7, which are shown in cross-hatching in Figures 4, 5 and 6, 10 respectively. The support structure 3 preferably includes a base member 9 for resting on the ground surface while a soil sample is being obtained. The support structure 3 may further include an upper platform 11 which is spaced from the base member 9. The support structure 3 can also include one or more support columns 13 15 fixed between the base member 9 and the upper platform 11 to provide a rigid, generally rectangular structure. The support columns 13 are preferably circular in cross-section. A lower portion of each support column 13 may also be of reduced diameter compared to the remaining portion the of the support column 13. The frame assembly 5 of the sampling device 1 preferably includes a soil 20 penetrating sleeve 15 for receiving a soil sample therein. The frame assembly 5 may also include a lower guide member 17 fixed to an outer surface of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. In this respect, the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is preferably welded within an opening in the lower guide member 17. The frame assembly 5 can also further include an upper guide member 19 which is spaced from the 25 lower guide member 17. In this regard, the frame assembly 5 can include one or more support pillars 21 fixed between the lower guide member 17 and the upper guide member 19 to thereby provide a rigid, generally rectangular structure. The cutting assembly 7 of the sampling device 1 preferably includes a cutting head 23 and an auger 25 positioned substantially within the soil 30 penetrating sleeve 15. The cutting assembly 7 also preferably includes a longitudinal shaft 27 upon which the auger 25 and cutting head 23 are located. In this respect, the auger 25 may be integrally formed with the longitudinal shaft 27 or alternatively be mounted to the longitudinal shaft 25 by a suitable means, for 5 example, welding. Similarly, the cutting head 23 may be fixed to an end of the longitudinal shaft 27, or alternatively be integrally formed in the end of the longitudinal shaft 27. The frame assembly 5 is movable with respect to the support structure 3 5 between a position in which the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is in a fully retracted position with respect to the support structure 3, as shown in Figure 1, and a position in which the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is in a fully extended position with respect to the support structure 3, as shown in Figure 3. In order to facilitate movement of the frame assembly 5 with respect to the support structure 3, 10 opposite ends of the upper guide member 19 are contoured to provide hand grips 29 for a user. By pushing downwardly on the hand grips 29, a user is able to push the frame assembly 5 downwardly until the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is in a fully extended position as shown in Figure 3. Similarly, a user is able to pull on the hand grips 29 to move the frame assembly 5 to a position in which the soil 15 penetrating sleeve 15 is in a fully retracted position as shown in Figure 1. In order to guide movement of the frame assembly 5 with respect to the support structure 3, the upper platform 11 of the support structure 3 includes one or more holes therein for supporting the support pillars 21. In this respect, each hole preferably has a nylon collar 31 positioned therein to guide movement of the 20 support pillars 21 through the holes. Similarly, the lower guide member 17 includes one or more holes therein through which the support columns 13 of the support structure 3 are positioned. The holes in the lower guide member 17 also preferably include a nylon collar 31 positioned therein through which the support columns 13 are positioned. The lower guide member 17 is restricted to 25 movement along the lower portion of the support columns 13. The base member 9 of the support structure 3 may further include a guide aperture through which the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is positioned. The guide aperture preferably has a bushing 33 therein, which is preferably made of nylon, through which the soil penetrating sleeve 15 passes. With this arrangement, the 30 frame assembly 5 is restricted to longitudinal movement with respect to the support columns 13 of the support structure 3. The cutting assembly 7 is moveable with respect to the frame assembly 5. In this regard, the upper guide member 19 of the frame assembly 5 includes a 6 passageway therein through which the longitudinal shaft 27 of the cutting assembly 7 is positioned. The passageway includes therein a nylon collar 31 which guides and supports the longitudinal shaft 27 through the passageway. The upper platform 11 of the support structure 3 can further include a 5 central bore having a nylon collar 31 therein which supports and guides the longitudinal shaft 27 through the central bore. The cutting assembly 7 is also supported and guided to some degree by the inner surface of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. In this respect, the auger 25 is sized to provide a close fit with the inner surface of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. The cutting assembly 7 further 10 includes a hand operable rotatable member 35 which a user can turn during operation of the device 1. The cutting assembly 7 may further include an end cap 37 fixed to the longitudinal shaft 27. The end cap 37 preferably includes a rubber stopper 39 which functions to abut with an end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. In order to extract a soil sample from the ground, the rotatable member 35 15 of the cutting assembly 7 is lifted by the user such that the end cap 37 is spaced from the soil penetrating sleeve 15, as shown in Figure 1. This ensures that the cutting head 25 is not protruding from the bottom of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. The user then lifts the frame assembly 5 via the hand grips 29, while holding the support structure 3 in place, for example by placing a foot on top of the base 20 member 9. The user lifts the frame assembly 5 to a position whereby the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is in the fully retracted position, as shown in Figures 1, 4, 5 and 6. In this position, the lower guide member 17 abuts with a stopper on each support column 13. In this position, a bottom end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15 may also protrude approximately 5mm below the base member 9. The base 25 member 9 of the support structure 3 can then be suitably positioned on the ground surface where a sample is required. The protruding bottom end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15 preferably marks the sample site. To stabilise the sampling device 1 during the sampling process, the user can place their feet on top of the base member 9. 30 With the sampling device 1 held in place, the rotatable member 35 is then turned by the user in the clockwise direction such that the cutting assembly 7 moves downwardly into the ground. The user continues to turn the rotatable member 35 until the rubber stopper 39 of the end cap 37 abuts with a top end of 7 the soil penetrating sleeve 15, as shown in Figures 4-6. The user then pushes downwardly on the hand grips 29 of the frame assembly 5. This action pushes the soil penetrating sleeve 15 further into the ground surface, which results in the top end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15 being again separated from the rubber 5 stopper 39 of the end cap 37. The user then again rotates the rotatable member 35 in the clockwise direction until the rubber stopper 39 of the end cap 37 again abuts with the soil penetrating sleeve 15, as shown in Figure 2. The process of pushing the frame assembly 5 downwardly and then turning the rotatable member 35 continues until such time as the lower guide 10 member 17 lies substantially adjacent to the base member 9 with the lower guide member abutting with flange provided on the bushing 33 in the guide aperture in the base member 9. In this position, the soil penetrating sleeve 15 is in a fully extended position, as shown in Figure 3. With the rubber stopper 39 also in abutment with the top end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15, the sampling device 1 15 can be lifted upwardly via the hand grips 29 and removed from the ground. The sample device 1 can then be positioned over a bucket and the soil sample subsequently released from the sampling device 1 into the bucket. In order to consistently obtain a soil sample of approximately 100mm in depth, the soil penetrating sleeve 15 should preferably protrude a predetermined 20 distance beyond the base member 9 of approximately 80mm, when the lower guide member 17 is in abutment with the bushing 33, and the end tip of the cutting head 23 should preferably protrude from the bottom of the soil penetrating sleeve 15 approximately 40mm, when the rubber stopper 39 is abutting the top end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. The extent to which the cutting head 23 25 extends beyond the soil penetrating sleeve 15 and the extent to which the soil penetrating sleeve 15 extends beyond the base member 9 may be varied depending upon the depth of soil required to be sampled. In some instances, the soil penetrating sleeve 15 may be configured such that the cutting head 23 is not able to protrude from the bottom end of the soil penetrating sleeve 15. 30 The sampling device 1 of the present invention is advantageously able to capture a soil sample over a consistent ground depth. In this regard, the predetermined distance beyond the base member 9 which the soil penetrating 8 sleeve 15 extends in the fully extended position is consistent for each sample taken. Accordingly, soil samples over a consistent ground depth are obtained. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the essential characteristics of the invention, it should be 5 understood that the above described embodiment should not be considered to limit the present invention, but rather should be construed broadly. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. A sampling device for obtaining a soil sample from the ground, the device including: a support structure having a base member for resting on the ground 5 surface; a frame assembly moveable with respect to the support structure, the frame assembly including a soil penetrating sleeve for receiving a soil sample therein, and a cutting assembly for extracting a soil sample from the ground, the cutting 10 assembly including a cutting head and an auger positioned substantially within the soil penetrating sleeve, wherein, in use, the base member rests on the ground surface and the soil penetrating sleeve and/or the cutting head extend a predetermined distance beyond the base member into the ground such that each sample obtained 15 captures soil over a consistent ground depth.
2. A sampling device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the frame assembly further includes a lower guide member fixed to an outer surface of the soil penetrating sleeve.
3. A sampling device as claimed in claim 2 wherein the lower guide member 20 lies substantially adjacent to the base member when the soil penetrating sleeve extends the predetermined distance beyond the base member.
4. A sampling device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein base member includes a guide aperture through which the soil penetrating sleeve is positioned. 25
5. A sampling device as claimed in claim 4 wherein the guide aperture has a bushing therein through which the soil penetrating sleeve is positioned. 10
6. A sampling device as claimed in claim 5 wherein the lower guide member abuts with the bushing when the soil penetrating sleeve extends the predetermined distance beyond the base member.
7. A sampling device as claimed in either claims 3 or 6 wherein the 5 predetermined distance is approximately 80mm.
8. A sampling device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the cutting assembly includes a longitudinal shaft upon which the auger and cutting head is positioned.
9. A sampling device as claimed in 8 wherein the cutting assembly further 10 includes an end cap fixed to the longitudinal shaft, the end cap abutting with one end of the soil penetrating sleeve when the cutting head protrudes from the opposing end of the soil penetrating sleeve.
10. A sampling device as claimed in claim 9 wherein the cutting head protrudes approximately 40mm from the opposing end of the soil penetrating 15 sleeve when the end cap abuts with the one end of the soil penetrating sleeve.
11. A sampling device as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 10 wherein the frame assembly further includes an upper guide member spaced from the lower guide member.
12. A sampling device as claimed in claim 11 wherein the frame assembly 20 further includes one or more support pillars fixed between the lower and upper guide members.
13. A sampling device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the upper guide member includes a passageway therein through which the longitudinal shaft is positioned.
14. A sampling device as claimed in claim 13 wherein opposite ends of the 25 upper guide member are contoured to provide hand grips. 11
15. A sampling device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the support structure further includes an upper platform spaced from the base member.
16. A sampling device as claimed in claim 15 wherein the support structure 5 further includes one or more support columns fixed between the base member and the upper platform.
17. A sampling device as claimed in 16 wherein the upper platform has a central bore therein through which the longitudinal shaft is supported.
18. A sampling device as claimed in either claim 16 or 17 wherein the upper 10 platform further includes one or more holes therein for supporting the one or more support pillars therein.
19. A sampling device as claimed any one of claims 8 to 18 wherein the cutting assembly further includes a hand operable rotatable member fixed to an end of the longitudinal shaft. 15
20. A sampling device substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings. PH FARMING AUSTRALIA PTY LTD WATERMARK PATENT & TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS P33523AU00
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011235922A AU2011235922A1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2011-10-10 | Soil sampling device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011235922A AU2011235922A1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2011-10-10 | Soil sampling device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2011235922A1 true AU2011235922A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
Family
ID=48430996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011235922A Abandoned AU2011235922A1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2011-10-10 | Soil sampling device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2011235922A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103954475A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-30 | 青岛林川工程技术咨询有限公司 | Dust taking apparatus for concrete of solid structure |
| CN104266887A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Electric static force two-way remoulded soil sample preparation instrument |
| CN104568500A (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2015-04-29 | 无锡中地地质装备有限公司 | Base structure of soil sampler |
| CN104634610A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心 | Soil sampling device |
| CN110389047A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-29 | 河北恒一检测科技有限公司 | A kind of Handheld soil sampler and the deep soil sampling method based on it |
| CN114371027A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-19 | 徐兴祝 | Geological environment monitoring device |
| CN114674591A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-06-28 | 成都理工大学 | Undisturbed rock-soil body sampling device and method |
| CN114878227A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-08-09 | 兰州城市学院 | Rock core drilling device for geological exploration |
| CN117054634A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-14 | 江苏泽誉建设工程有限公司 | Equipment convenient to accurate detection greening engineering soil water content |
-
2011
- 2011-10-10 AU AU2011235922A patent/AU2011235922A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103954475A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-30 | 青岛林川工程技术咨询有限公司 | Dust taking apparatus for concrete of solid structure |
| CN103954475B (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2016-03-23 | 青岛林川工程技术咨询有限公司 | Powder equipment got by a kind of entity structure concrete |
| CN104266887A (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Electric static force two-way remoulded soil sample preparation instrument |
| CN104568500A (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2015-04-29 | 无锡中地地质装备有限公司 | Base structure of soil sampler |
| CN104634610A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 平顶山市质量技术监督检验测试中心 | Soil sampling device |
| CN110389047A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-29 | 河北恒一检测科技有限公司 | A kind of Handheld soil sampler and the deep soil sampling method based on it |
| CN114371027A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-19 | 徐兴祝 | Geological environment monitoring device |
| CN114674591A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-06-28 | 成都理工大学 | Undisturbed rock-soil body sampling device and method |
| CN114878227A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-08-09 | 兰州城市学院 | Rock core drilling device for geological exploration |
| CN114878227B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-09 | 兰州城市学院 | Rock core drilling device for geological exploration |
| CN117054634A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-11-14 | 江苏泽誉建设工程有限公司 | Equipment convenient to accurate detection greening engineering soil water content |
| CN117054634B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-03-12 | 江苏泽誉建设工程有限公司 | Equipment convenient to accurate detection greening engineering soil water content |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2011235922A1 (en) | Soil sampling device | |
| CN101271047B (en) | In-situ non-destructive soil sample collector | |
| RU2534139C2 (en) | Device for soil sampling | |
| CN203849035U (en) | Soil sampler | |
| DE102010018249A1 (en) | Hand tester and hand test method for the condition of wood | |
| CN207717412U (en) | A kind of sampler of acquisition pedotheque | |
| CN107991125B (en) | Portable soil sampler of fracture formula | |
| CN201417219Y (en) | Multifunctional soil sample collecting device | |
| CN203824791U (en) | Improved soil sampling device | |
| RU163044U1 (en) | SOIL AND SOIL Sampler | |
| CN111141544A (en) | Soil pollution administers restoration and uses soil sample sampling device | |
| CN205120431U (en) | Be applied to gaseous collector in soil | |
| CN206330780U (en) | A kind of split type soil sampler | |
| CN211576614U (en) | Soil detection soil sampling device | |
| CN203929435U (en) | A kind of foot-operated compressed soil-sampling tool | |
| RU73481U1 (en) | SOIL DRILL | |
| CN212964092U (en) | Grassland soil sampler | |
| RU2338173C1 (en) | Sampling probe | |
| CN211717812U (en) | Agricultural technology promotes and uses soil sampling device | |
| CN220322762U (en) | Soil sampling device | |
| CN204556580U (en) | Gas chromatograph hand sampling assistor | |
| RU2495397C1 (en) | Sampling device for silage | |
| CN211425930U (en) | Novel agricultural technology promotes soil sampling device | |
| CN209166868U (en) | A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil sampler | |
| CN204514648U (en) | A kind of soil sampler |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK4 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(d) - no continuation fee paid for the application |