AU2006264216A1 - Handling compressible materials - Google Patents

Description

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 1 HANDLING COMPRESSIBLE MATERIALS TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to a method, arrangement and product resulting 5 from the method and arrangement, all with respect to handling compressible materials including trash. BACKGROUND ART A consistent method currently of handling compressible materials especially trash is to collect such trash and hold this in a transfer station io where it is highly compressed into a charge and where the charge is then bound by encircling wire in which state, it is then transported to a remote longer term or permanent storage location. The problem that is being addressed by this invention is in the first instance in relation to transport of trash. The term trash in this context is 15 intended to mean waste that is of a type that is conventionally collected by city authorities and which can be usefully compressed and then held more or less effectively by encircling wire or tapes or the like for subsequent transport and storage. However, it has been realised that the invention that has resulted can 20 provide at least in its wider form benefits in relation to other materials. Such further materials may for instance be fibrous materials being hay or green fodder, which are traditionally compressed and baled for transport. The problem will be expanded in relation to trash but it is not intended therefore that the invention in its broader form shall be so limited.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 2 As cities have grown, the need to have permanent refuse or trash depositories further away from city boundaries has increased, and it has long become impractical to use a vehicle designed to collect trash from a primary source such as rubbish containers or bins, to take that rubbish to 5 the somewhat remote permanent location. The answer has been to have the dedicated trash collection vehicles, which conventionally include some modest compression to assist in storage capacity for each vehicle, transfer their load to a transfer station that is much closer to the city. 1o Thereafter, it is much more efficient to use bulk transfer to transfer the rubbish to a permanent location. Currently, it is well known to compress trash at a transfer station to a very high degree of compression and then hold the compressed status of the material while it is encircled with wire at least around its narrower aspect, 15 thereby forming a bale of sorts. These bales are then stacked one upon the other on the tray of a truck and transferred in this mode to the permanent depository. A number of problems reside in this process. The first of these is that the trash, being merely held together by encircling 20 wire, and being of itself of a random character which may include in one part squashed vegetables, and other packages of paper goods, and other solid items, nonetheless does not separate such material from external access so that, when being transferred through suburban and country roads, the material of itself can be regarded as still offensive. 25 Further, wire being tightly wound around the compressible materials can have, depending on the nature of the materials, a tendency to cut into and indeed through the materials allowing for a reduction in the compression WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 3 status and also allowing for more release of the materials that were hoped to be held together. Further, the material being exposed to the atmosphere is also then exposed to both birds and rodents, which can cause significant 5 interference with the conventional running of this process. A further difficulty arises when more charges are created and stored waiting for location on the tray of a transport. The materials during such periods are of course further exposed to birds and rodents and also are open to exude odours that may be of rotting io flesh or vegetable matter. Further these materials can fall from any such bales and there has been needed extra covering to at least reduce this effect during transport along conventional roads. However, a further difficulty has been discovered in that, as the trash has been very highly compressed in the first instance, it will have a tendency 15 to relax and expand, even though it is bound by encircling wire. The wire, however, will then be caused to take up a circular path so that a charge of trash that has been compressed to be of rectilinear proportions, will after a period when bound by wire encircling around its narrower aspect, return to being at least generally cylindrical in shape. 20 The problem here then is that if the bales are each reverting to a cylindrical shape, then they become unstable when stacked one upon the other at least when perhaps two or three are resting on a bottom bale. This means that the efficiency in terms of storage becomes a problem apart from the exposure and other difficulties.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 4 Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and example, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. 5 For the purpose of this specification the word "comprising" means "including but not limited to", and the word 'comprises' has a corresponding meaning. In a first instance, our proposal is to effect a bagging of a charge of compressible material subsequent to its compression and keeping it in 1o such a bag through the transfer to a permanent site location and indeed storing the trash then permanently in its bag. In preference such compressible material is trash of the type discussed. A number of difficulties arise in relation to such an initial proposal. A first of these relates to the difficulty that the charge of material will 15 normally expand subsequent to being compressed and that any subsequent shape will be disadvantageous for subsequent stacking. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and example, an 20 embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In a first instance then, I propose that a bag be used to define a bale, which is shaped so that it will, when filled with a charge of material subsequent to compression, assist in maintenance of a rectilinear shape.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 5 A further difficulty relates to an arrangement whereby a bale can be efficiently located on a repeating basis, whereby it can then receive a discharged or ejecting charge of material. In preference this difficulty is reduced by having a holding area, which can 5 releaseably receive an open mouth of a bale and hold this for subsequent placement over an outlet of an ejecting bale. A number of factors and aspects relate to both a method, an arrangement to achieve the method to provide for these solutions, and any product resulting from these so that perhaps in a broadest sense, the invention 10 can be said to reside in a method of handling compressible materials having compressing means compressing a charge of compressible material into a compressed charge in a compression area, push means then pushing the compressed charge from the compression area into a holding area, effecting a further compression stroke with said compression 15 means compressing a further charge of compressible material into the compression area to thereby form a subsequent compressed charge, then using the push means to push the further compressed charge from the compression area into the holding area, the arrangement being such that such action will then further eject the first charge from the storage area 20 into a bag where the bag is arranged and positioned to receive such compressed charge. Preferably, the holding area is further arranged so as to assist in keeping the first said compressed charge to a substantially rectilinear shape. In preference, the storage area into which the respective compressed 25 charges are directed and stored includes opposed sides and a top and bottom defining thereby a passageway aligned to receive a compressed charge and maintain a compressed charge in a compressed state.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 6 In preference, the storage arrangement has an outer surface adapted to receive there around and over, a bag preparatory to the bag being drawn out and around a compression charge as the compression charge is ejected from the storage area, thereby creating a bale. 5 In preference, there is a bag support frame adapted to receive and releaseably hold an open mouth of a bag in a compressed charge receiving state, and means to transport the bag support frame with an attached bag from a loading station to a position where the frame is positioned at or toward an inner end of the storage arrangement so that it 10 is holding the bag with the bag enveloping the storage arrangement. One of the difficulties associated with such a device is that a bag can, unless it is being separately supported, be a large and floppy piece of material, and this creates difficulties where the open mouth of the bag is releaseably held by a bag support frame, and the bag support frame with 15 the attached bag is being moved into a positioning state for the bag to then receive the ejecting charge of material, thereby creating a bale. We have discovered that there is advantage therefore in providing a blast of fluid, which in practical terms would be air, so as to in effect blow open and retain the bale shape as it is being located over the storage 20 arrangement. One location for an air outlet to provide this source of a location adjacent the open mouth and directed in toward the body of the bag. The arrangement preferred to be used in relation to the bag material itself is a woven plastics material which has a rectilinear end and sides 25 emanating from the end with at an opposite end, an edge including a seam, a draw tape through the seam and adapted then to be pulled tightly and tie off the respective end.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 7 One of the difficulties currently is the difficulty that with a bag support frame, once the bag has been released, the support frame itself then needs to be reloaded for subsequent use. However, in preference, each bag is loaded onto its own bag support 5 frame. It is proposed that any bag support frame once used and having its bag released will then be relocated to a holding station where each support frame is supported by a conveyor track such that each bag support frame would be able to be then presented to a bag loading position. The bag 10 support frame with an attached bag that has been attached to the frame at the bag loading station is thereafter caused to transfer with a bag support frame with attached bags to a storage station. In preference there is further an arrangement so that there is a mechanism for taking the bag support frame with an attached bag from the 15 storage station, attach to it and then carry it as it is controlled through a further process of loading such a bag support frame with the attached bag over the storage arrangement. With respect to the compression area, the apparatus to effect such compression is known and includes in one case a first compression action, 20 whereas an ejection action is effected subsequent to this, which action is effected in a transverse direction to the compression action. Conventionally also, an existing apparatus provides for a closure of a compression area including a gate that is moved to be positioned across an ejection end of the compression area while a compression stroke is 25 occurring. Once the compression stroke is finished, the gate is withdrawn and the ejection stroke is effected.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 8 It might be appreciated that what is being proposed in the arrangement described includes the an arrangement and method so that there is a previous charge of material residing in the storage area such that its end will act as a closure across an ejection end of the compression area. 5 In other words, a process is envisaged to have in its widest sense both options but in a preferred instance, it should be such that a previously existing formed charge of materials can provide a sufficient closure of an ejection end of a compression area. The advantage here is then that the time previously necessary for 10 withdrawing of the gate across the ejection area is then removed and this can result in a significant reduction in cycle time. It is further to be understood in preference that any compression stroke is compression in one direction only into the compression area and as been previously stated, this is then means that the compressed materials are 15 compressed effectively mostly In an injection direction. This is a characteristic of typical trash and other compressible materials of the type discussed. This however, can mean that the tendency of such compressible material will be to relax only back into the direction of the previous compression so 20 that there is not in fact a large exuding pressure from a compression area transverse to the compression direction. This discovery assists in being able to rely upon this process where the former charge acts to contain an area of subsequent compression. In a further form, the invention may be said to reside in an attachment for 25 a baling machine that is adapted to provide a holding area such that a first compressed charge may be ejected from a compression area of the baling machine into the holding area and remain therein until a subsequent WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 9 compressed charge is forced from the compression area into the holding area, such that this action will then further eject the first charge from the holding area into a bag where the bag is arranged and positioned to receive the first compressed charge. 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of this invention it will now be described with respect to the preferred embodiment which shall be described herein with the assistance of drawings wherein; Figures 1 and 2 are overall perspective views of the equipment for forming 1o and handling compressible material bales, which is city trash in this particular instance, illustrating a general arrangement of this apparatus; Figure 3 is a perspective view of a mechanical robot which robot is supporting the bag support frame; Figures 4 and 5 are detailed views of a bag support frame passing over 15 sleeve or nozzle defining the trash holding area or trash storage arrangement; Figures 6 through 10 are schematic illustrations of the trash bale forming equipment, and the arrangement of this equipment, illustrating the successive stages in the formation of a bale; 20 Figure 11 is a perspective view of the trash bale; and Figures 12 and 13 are schematic illustrations of trash bale forming equipment according to a further form of the invention, where a closure gate is used to provide closure to the compression area.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to Figure 1, which illustrates some of the equipment, and an arrangement of this equipment that is designed to facilitate the means and method of handling trash according to the present invention. 5 Visible in Figure 1 are a trash compressing system 1, a housing for a trash conveyor 2 that supplies trash to the trash compressing system 1, a holding area 4 for a compressed charge of trash, a programmable robot 6, and an overhead conveyor 8 supporting a number of bag support frames 10. io Shown in greater detail in Figure 2 are the holding area 4 for the compressed charges, the programmable robot 6, the overhead conveyor 8 supporting a number of bag support frames 10, and a bag support frame loading station 12. The trash compressing system 1 and the trash conveyor and its housing 2, have been omitted from this view in order to 15 permit better visibility of the aforementioned components. The operation and interaction of all of this equipment is managed by a programmable control system. The bag support frames 10 are adapted to support fresh bale bags 14, and travel on the overhead conveyor 8, this conveyor is routed from the 20 bag loading station 12, to a support frame holding station 13; it is from this holding station 13 that the robot 6 takes the loaded bag support frames 10 as required. Once a bag support frame has been used, i.e. it no longer supports a bag 14, it is returned to the overhead conveyor 8 by the robot 6 and it is taken back to the bag loading station 12 for recharging with a 25 fresh bag 14. The bags 14 are made from a strong, woven plastics material. When opened out to their full extent, the bags 14 are shaped so as to define a WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 11 substantially rectangular cube. One end of the bag incorporates a closable opening defined by a 'drawstring' type of arrangement (as seen in Figure 11), although a cable or tape is used in place of string due its increased strength. 5 Referring now to Figure 3, the bag support frames 10 are comprised of four frame elements that define a rectangular opening 16 that is , surrounded by a short sleeve or nozzle 15. The bag support frames 10 are equipped with cam-locks 18 on the top 20 and bottom 22 frame elements, which are adapted to retain the bale bag 14, once the opening in the bag 1o has been passed over the sleeve or nozzle 15. The robot 6 is equipped with an end effector 24 that is adapted to engage a receiving portion 26 for said end effector on the side of the bag support frame 10. The top 20 of the bag support frame is then equipped with loop means 17 that allow it to be suspended from hooks on the overhead 15 conveyor 8 when the bag support frame 10 is not in use. At the commencement of a baling cycle, the robot 6 removes a loaded bag support frame 10 from the support frame holding station 13 of the support frame conveyor 8, and positions the opening 16 to the frame and the bag 14 over the end of a rectilinear sleeve or nozzle 30 defining the holding 20 area 4. A jet of compressed air is then supplied via passageways passing through the walls of the sleeve or nozzle 30 so as to give shape to the bag 14 as the robot passes 6 it over the sleeve or nozzle 30. Referring now to Figures 4 and 5, the robot 6 will continue passing the bag 25 over the sleeve or nozzle 30 until it reaches a programmed end positioned. At a point near the end of travel, there are a small pair of brackets 32 fixed to the sleeve or nozzle 30; the cam locks 18 retaining WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 12 the bag to the bag support frame are urged against these brackets 32 by the movement of the robot 6 relative to the sleeve or nozzle 30, and the cam locks 18 are released. The robot 6 continues to move the support frame 10 along the sleeve or nozzle 30 until the opening in the bag 14 falls 5 off of the short sleeve or nozzle 15 on the support frame 10 and the support frame is free of the bag. The robot 6 then withdraws the now empty bag support frame 10 from the sleeve or nozzle, leaving the bag 14 disposed upon the sleeve or nozzle 30. The robot 6 returns the empty bale support frame 10 to the overhead io conveyor 8 and hangs the empty frame 10 on the overhead conveyor 8. The end effector 24 then releases the empty bag support frame 10, and the robot moves to the support frame holding area 13 and engages a loaded bag support frame using the end effector, and is ready to begin the process again. 15 Referring now to Figures 6 through 10, the trash compression equipment defines a trash compression area 50. Trash is delivered to the compression area on the conveyor 2, at the end of the conveyor the trash falls from the conveyor and into a hopper that feeds the trash into the compression area 50. 20 Referring now to Figure 6, the compression area 50 is defined by a flat floor surface 52 (not visible), a first upright side wall 54 that is fixed in position relative to the floor 52, a second upright side wall 56 facing the first upright side wall 54 that is fixed to the end of a first hydraulic ram 58, and a first upright end wall 60 that is fixed to the end of a second hydraulic 25 ram 62. At the moment that a charge of rubbish is dropped into the compression area 50 from the conveyor, each of the hydraulic rams 58 and 62 is in a home, or retracted position.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 13 At the conclusion of a working day or shift as the case may be, the last bale produced 70 is left in the holding area 4, i.e. in the sleeve or nozzle 30 defining the holding area. This way, the first charge compressed on the next day or shift is not compressed without some means of constraining 5 that one end of the charge during the compression operation. At the commencement of a new shift, the equipment is activated, and the first hydraulic ram 58 drives the second upright sidewall 56 towards the fixed upright sidewall 50 compressing the charge of trash 72. The second ram 62 remains stationary in its home position, where it supports the end io wall 60 during compression. The first ram 58 continues compressing the trash until the compressing surface 74 of the first upright sidewall 56 is coplanar with the inner surface 76 of the sleeve or nozzle 30 defining the holding area 4, as shown in Figure 7; at which point the first ram 58 stops and is temporarily locked in position. 15 The second ram 62 then drives the end wall 60 so as to push the freshly compressed charge 72 from the compression area into the holding area 4, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, which has the effect of displacing the charge 70 that is in the sleeve or nozzle 30 defining the holding area 4 from the holding area into the bale bag 14. As the first charge 70 leaves the sleeve 20 or nozzle 30 it picks up the end of the bale bag 14 and as this charge leaves the sleeve or nozzle it draws the bag 14 with it until both are free of the sleeve or nozzle 30. Referring now to Figure 10, once the freshly formed rectilinear bale 80 containing its charge of compressed trash is free of the sleeve or nozzle 25 30, the 'drawstring' style opening 82 in the end of the bag 84 can be closed and tied off by the robot 6, or indeed a person.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 14 The rectilinear bales 80 can then be safely stacked for transporting and storage, and the fact that the bag 14 encloses the trash reduces the likelihood that the bale will loose this rectilinear shape once stacked. The two rams 58 and 62 then return to their home positions, and the 5 compression area 50 is ready to accept a fresh charge of trash. When travelling on the overhead conveyor 8, a bale support frame 10 is oriented such that its open face faces in the direction of conveyor travel. As a used bag support frame approaches the loading station 12 it is rotated 90 degrees to the direction of travel of the conveyor. When the 1o frame is in the loading position a guide block 90 is then automatically inserted into the opening in the support frame and a pair of operators, one standing to each side of the support frame 10 and guide block 90, feed a new bag 14 onto the guide block and secure it to the bale support frame using the cam-locks 18. The guide block 90 is then withdrawn and the 15 frame rotated back so that its open face faces in the direction of conveyor travel once again. Referring now to Figures 12 and 13, where there is illustrated a closure for the compression area 50. This closure is a gate 100 that is positioned and maintained across the ejection end of the compression area 50 while a 20 compression stroke is occurring. Once the compression stroke is finished, the gate 100 is withdrawn and the ejection stroke is effected using the push means 62 as before. Automating the bale forming process in the manner described reduces the number of people required to work in this otherwise dangerous and 25 unpleasant environment. It would be understood by a person skilled in the relevant art however, that the process could be adapted such that the robot's tasks (i.e. loading of the bag on the nozzle defining the holding area) could be safely carried out by one or more people.

WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 15 Bales created using this method have been found to have a density of upward of 100kg per cubic metre more than conventionally strapped bales. What is more, these bales can be produced at a higher rate, as the production rate is not dictated by the strapping machine used to create 5 conventional bales. Although the invention has been herein shown and described in what is conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is recognised that departures can be made within the scope of the invention, which is not to be limited to the details described herein but is to be 1o accorded the full scope of the appended claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent devices and apparatus.

Claims (16)

1. A method of handling compressible materials comprising the steps of a compressing means compressing a charge of compressible material into a compressed charge in a compression area, push means 5 then pushing the compressed charge from the compression area into a holding area, the compressing means then effecting the compression of a further charge of compressible material in the compression area to thereby form a subsequent compressed charge, then using the push means to push the further compressed charge from the compression area into the io holding area, the arrangement being such that this action will then eject the first charge from the holding area into a bag that is arranged, adapted and positioned so as to receive said compressed charge.

2. An apparatus adapted and arranged to effect a handling of compressible materials comprising compressing means adapted to 15 compress a charge of compressible material into a compressed charge in a compression area, push means then adapted to push the compressed charge from the compression area into a holding area, the compression means being further adapted to compress a further charge of compressible material in the compression area to thereby form a 20 subsequent compressed charge, the push means being further adapted to push the further compressed charge from the compression area into the holding area, the arrangement being such that such action will then further eject the first charge from the storage area into a bag where the bag is arranged and positioned to receive such compressed charge. 25

3. An attachment for a baling machine that is adapted to provide a holding area such that a first compressed charge may be ejected from a compression area of the baling machine into the holding area and remain therein until a subsequent compressed charge is forced from the WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 17 compression area into the holding area, such that this action will then further eject the first charge from the holding area into a bag where the bag is arranged and positioned to receive the first compressed charge.

4. The method, apparatus or attachment as in any one of the 5 preceding claims, further characterised in that the holding area is adapted to maintain a compressed charge held therein in a substantially rectilinear shape.

5. The method, apparatus or attachment as in any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that the holding area into which 10 the respective compressed charges are directed includes a pair of opposed sides and an opposed top and bottom defining thereby a passageway aligned to receive a compressed charge and maintain a compressed charge in a compressed state.

6. The method, apparatus or attachment as in any one of the 15 preceding claims, further characterised in that the holding area has an outer surface adapted to receive there around and over, the bag preparatory to the bag being drawn out and around a compression charge as the compression charge is ejected from the holding area, thereby creating a bale. 20

7. The method, apparatus or attachment as in any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that the holding area has the same approximate dimensions as the inside of the fully opened bag.

8. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that the holding area is made from steel 25 plate. WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 18

9. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that the bag is made from a strong, woven plastics material.

10. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding 5 claims, further characterised in that the bag has a first rectilinear end and sides emanating said end, and at an opposite end, an edge including a seam, a draw tape through the seam and adapted then to be pulled tightly and tie off the respective end.

11. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding 10 claims, further characterised in that the apparatus to effect such compression effects a first compression action, whereas an ejection action is effected subsequent to this via the push means, where this ejection action is effected in a transverse direction to the compression action.

12. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding 15 claims, further characterised in that there is a closure for the compression area.

13. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that the closure for the compression area is a gate that is moved to be positioned across an ejection end of the 20 compression area while a compression stroke is occurring.

14. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that once the compression stroke is finished, the gate is withdrawn and the ejection stroke is effected.

15. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of claims 1 to. 12, 25 further characterised in that the closure for the compression area is a previous charge of compressed material residing in the holding area such WO 2007/000024 PCT/AU2006/000903 19 that its end will act as a closure across an ejection end of the compression area.

16. The method, apparatus or attachment as any one of the preceding claims, further characterised in that the compressible material is 5 trash or rubbish.