AU2003233967B2 - Pyrrolidinium derivatives as antagonists of M3 muscarinic receptors - Google Patents

Pyrrolidinium derivatives as antagonists of M3 muscarinic receptors Download PDF

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AU2003233967B2
AU2003233967B2 AU2003233967A AU2003233967A AU2003233967B2 AU 2003233967 B2 AU2003233967 B2 AU 2003233967B2 AU 2003233967 A AU2003233967 A AU 2003233967A AU 2003233967 A AU2003233967 A AU 2003233967A AU 2003233967 B2 AU2003233967 B2 AU 2003233967B2
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hydroxy
methyl
dithien
pyrrolidinium
ylacetoxy
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Maria Dolors Fernandez Forner
Maria Prat Quinones
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Almirall SA
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

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Description

NEW PYRROLIDINIUM DERIVATIVES This invention relates to new therapeutically useful pyrrolidinium derivatives, to some processes for their preparation and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. 5 The novel structures according to the invention are antimuscarinic agents with a potent and long lasting effect. In particular, these compounds show high affinity for M3 muscarinic receptors. This subtype of muscarinic receptor is present in glands and smooth muscle and mediates the excitatory effects of the parasympathetic 10 system on glandular secretion and on the contraction of visceral smooth muscle (Chapter 6, Cholinergic Transmission, in H.P. Rang et al., Pharmacology, Churchill Livingstone, New York , 1995). M3 antagonists are therefore known to be useful for treating diseases characterised 15 by an increased parasympathetic tone, by excessive glandular secretion or by smooth muscle contraction (R.M. Eglen and S.S. Hegde, (1997), Drug News Perspect., 10(8):462-469). Examples of this kind of diseases are respiratory disorders such as chronic 20 obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma, cough and rhinitis; urological disorders such as urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, neurogenic or unstable bladder, cystospasm and chronic cystitis; gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colitis, diverticulitis and peptic ulceration; and cardiovascular disorders such as vagally induced sinus bradycardia 25 (Chapter 7, Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists, in Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 2001). The compounds of the invention can be used alone or in association with other drugs 30 commonly regarded as effective in the treatment of these diseases. For example, they can be administered in combination with p 2 -agonists, steroids, antiallergic drugs, phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors an/or leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonists for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of a respiratory disease. 35 The new pyrrolidinium derivatives of the invention have the chemical structure of formula (1): RI R4 o, D B (CH 2 )n -A -(CH 2 )m N 0 R2 R3 X (I) wherein B is a phenyl or biphenyl group 5 R', R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a hydroxy, phenyl, -OR 5 , -SR 5 , -NR 5
R
6 , -NHCOR 5 , -CONR 5
R
6 , -CN, -NO 2 , -COOR 5 or
-CF
3 group, or a straight or branched, optionally substituted
C-C
8 alkyl group; 10 or R' and R2 together form a 5- to 14- membered aromatic ring, a C3-C8 alicyclic ring or a 5- to 10- membered heterocyclic group;
R
5 and R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched, optionally substituted Cl-C alkyl group, or together form a C 3
-C
8 alicyclic ring; 15 n is an integer from 0 to 4; A represents a group selected from -CH 2 -, -CH=CR 7 _, -CR 7 =CH-, -CR 7 R"-, -CO-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 - and -NR -, wherein R 7 and R3 each independently represent a 20 hydrogen atom, a straight or branched, optionally substituted
C-C
8 alkyl group, or together form a C3-C alicyclic ring; m is an integer from 0 to 8; 25 R 4 represents a Cr1C8 alkyl group; D represents a group of formula i) i) R9 RiR R1 wherein
R
9 represents a group selected from phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl or 3-thienyl; 5
R"
0 represent a group selected from phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl or Cr C7 cycloalkyl; and R" represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy, methyl, or -CH 2 OH group; 10 the cyclic groups represented by R 9 and R* being optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from halogen, straight or branched, optionally substituted Cr-C8 alkyl, hydroxy, optionally substituted C-C alkoxy, nitro, cyano, -C0 2
R
12 or -NR R , wherein R 2 and R 1 are identical or different and are selected from 15 hydrogen and straight or branched, optionally substituted Cl-CB alkyl groups; X~ represents a pharmaceutically acceptable anion of a mono or polyvalent acid; including its individual stereoisomers and mixtures thereof; 20 wherein said optionally substituted alkyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms, hydroxy groups and CrC-G alkoxy groups and said optionally substituted alkoxy groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atom; 25 with the proviso that in those compounds wherein B is phenyl, R 9 is unsubstituted phenyl, R 1 is unsubstitued phenyl or unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, R" is hydrogen or hydroxy, the sequence - (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m - is not one of methylene, ethylene or propylene. 30 Further objectives of the present invention are to provide processes for preparing said compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of said compounds; the use of the compounds in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases susceptible of being improved by antagonism of M3 35 muscarinic receptors; and methods of treatment of diseases susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of M3 muscarinic receptors, which methods comprise the administration of the compounds of the invention to a subject in need of treatment.
Certain 3-pyrrolidinol esters, including some pyrrolidinium derivatives, which fall outside the scope of the present invention, have been disclosed in US 2,956,062. 5 In the quaternary ammonium compounds of the present invention represented by formula (I), an equivalent of an anion (X-) is associated with the positive charge of the N atom. X- may be an anion of various mineral acids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, or an anion of an organic acid such as, for example formate, acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, 10 malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonate.
X
is preferably an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, formate, acetate, maleate, oxalate, succinate or trifluoroacetate. More preferably X- is chloride, bromide, trifluoroacetate, formate or methanesulphonate and still more preferably chloride, bromide, trifluoroacetate or methanesulphonate. 15 As used herein, an alkyl group can be straight or branched, and is typically a lower alkyl group. A lower alkyl group contains 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In particular it is preferred that such an alkyl group is represented by a methyl, ethyl, propyl, including i-propyl, or butyl including a n-butyl, 20 sec-butyl and tert-butyl group. Optionally substituted lower alkyl groups mentioned herein include straight or branched alkyl groups containing from I to 8, preferably from 1 to 6, more preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as mentioned above, which may be unsubstituted or 25 substituted in any position by one or more substituents, for example by 1, 2 or 3 substituents. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different. The substituent(s) are typically halogen atoms, preferebly fluoride atoms, and hydroxy or alkoxy groups. 30 Alkoxy groups mentioned herein are typically lower alkoxy groups, that is groups containing from 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon chain being branched or straight and optionally substituted in any position by one or more substituents, for example by 1, 2 or 3 substituents. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different. The 35 substituent(s) are typically halogen atoms, most preferably fluoride atoms. Preferred optionally substituted alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, trifluoromethoxy and difluoromethoxy.
A
Cycloalkyl groups and alicyclic groups mentioned herein, unless otherwise specified, typically contain from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl groups and alicyclic rings of 3 to 6 carbon atoms include cyclopropyl, 5 cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Cycloalkyl groups containing from 3 to 7 carbon atoms include cycloalkyl groups of 3 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloheptyl. As used herein an aromatic ring or group typically contains from 5 to 14, preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of aromatic groups include phenyl and naphthalenyl. 10 A heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group mentioned herein is typically a 5 to 10 membered group, such as a 5, 6 or 7 membered group, containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S and 0. Typically, 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms are present, preferably 1 or 2 heteroatoms. A heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group may 15 be a single ring or two or more fused rings wherein at least one ring contains a heteroatom. Examples of heterocyclic groups include piperidyl, pyrrolidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, 20 quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, quinuclidinyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl and thienyl. Examples of heteroaromatic groups include pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, triazolyl and pyrazolyl. 25 As used herein a halogen atom includes a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, typically a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom. B may be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three groups (R' to R 3 ) which 30 may be in any position on the ring. In the preferred compounds of the invention R', R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a hydroxy, methyl, tert-butyl, -CH 2 OH, 3 hydroxypropyl, -OMe, -NMe 2 , -NHCOMe,
-CONH
2 , -CN, -NO 2 , -COOMe or -CF 3 35 group. In the most preferred compounds R', R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or hydroxy.
Typically B is unsubstituted or substituted with one group, for example when B is a phenyl group it may be substituted in the 2, 3 or 4 position. Examples of substituted phenyl groups which may represent B are tolyl including o-, m- and p-tolyl, 3 cyanophenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenyl and 2-, 3- and 4-fluorophenyl. 5 Preferred compounds of formula (1) are those wherein n = 0 or 1; m is an integer from 1 to 6, particularly 1, 2 or 3; and A represents a -CH 2 -, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -NMe-, -0- or -S- group. Most preferred compounds are those wherein A is a -CH 2 -, -CH=CH- or -0- group. L0 Further preferred compounds of formula (I) are those wherein the pyrrolidinium group is substituted on the nitrogen atom with a C1-C4 alkyl group and another group selected from 3-phenoxypropyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 3-phenylallyl, phenethyl, 4 phenylbutyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl, 15 2-benzyloxyethyl, 3-phenylaminopropyl, 3-(methylphenylamino)propyl, 3-phenylsulphanylpropyl, 3-o-tolyloxypropyl, 3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl, 3-(2-chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 20 3-(4-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-methoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(2-carbamoylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-dimethylaminophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-nitrophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-acetylaminophenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)propyl, 3-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenoxy]propyl, 25 3-(2-hydroxymethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-hydroxymethylphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-hydroxymethylphenoxy)pFopYl, 3-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-benzyloxypropyl, 6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl, 4-phenoxybutyl, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl or 4-oxo-4 phenylbutyl. 30 Most preferred are those compounds wherein the pyrrolidinium group is substituted on the nitrogen atom with a C1-C4 alkyl group and another group selected from 3 phenoxypropyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 3-phenylallyl, phenethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-(3 hydroxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl , 2-benzyloxyethyl, 3-o 35 tolyloxypropyl, 3-(3-cyanophenoxy)propyl, 3-(methylphenylamino)propyl, 3 phenylsulphanylpropyl, 4-oxo-4-phenylbutyl, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl, 3-(2chlorophenoxy)propyl, 3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl and 3-(4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl. Examples of especially preferred compounds are those wherein the pyrrolidinium 5 group is substituted on the nitrogen atom with a Cr1C4 alkyl group and another group selected from 3-phenoxypropyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, 3-phenylallyl, phenethyl, 3 phenylpropyl, 3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl or 4-(4 fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl. 10 Further preferred compounds of formula (1) are those wherein D is a group of formula i), and wherein R 9 is a group selected from phenyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 3-furyl or 2 furyl more preferably phenyl, 2-thienyl or 2-furyl; R 10 is a group selected from phenyl, 2-thienyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 3-thienyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl more preferably phenyl, 2-thienyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl; and R" is a hydroxy group. 15 The compounds of the present invention represented by formula (1) have at least two chiral centers: one at the carbon atom in position 3 of the pyrrolidinium ring and another at the N atom of the pyrrolidinium ring. Additionally, depending on the nature of group D they may also have an additional chiral center at the carbon atom of this 20 group which is attached to the ester function. Each of these chiral centers may have R- or S-configuration. The single isomers and mixtures of the isomers fall within the scope of the invention. Since the compounds have one or more chiral centers they may be obtained as pure 25 isomers or as mixtures of the different enantioners or diastereomers. In the present invention when no indication is given on the configuration of a chiral center, it is to be understood that reference is made to the mixture of all posible isomers at the corresponding chiral center. 30 When compounds with a specific configuration at a chiral center are meant, this is indicated in the name of the compound as follows: * when the configuration at the chiral center is known, it is indicated by using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog nomenclature attaching the letter R or S to 35 the number specifying the position of the chiral center in the molecule.
o when the chiral center has a specific configuration which is however unknown, it is indicated by attaching an asterisc (*) to the number specifying the position of the chiral center in the molecule. 5 Particular compounds of the invention include: 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-i-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium 10 bromide 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenoxypropyl) pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3-phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 15 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1-Ethyl-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-[3-(3 hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -[6-(4 20 phenylbutoxy)hexyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1-(2-Benzyloxyethyl)-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1-[3-(3-Cyanophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)- 1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 25 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1 yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -[3 (methylphenylamino)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 30 phenylsulphanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3-(2,4,6 trimethylphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 35 1-[3-(2-Chlorophenoxy)propyl-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1 -[3-(3 trifluoromethylphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclopentyl- 2 -hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)- 1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 5 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1-[3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopenty-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)- 1-ethyl- 1-[3-(4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -[3-(5,6,7,8 10 tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-[3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]-i methylpyrrolidinium formate 1-[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride 15 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-y-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulfanylpropy)pyrrolidinium bromide 20 Particular mixtures of isomers of the compounds of the invention include: (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -phenethylpyrrolidinium 25 bromide (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 30 (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 35 phenylsulphanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate (3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulphanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate (3R)-3-((2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1-methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1-methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 5 (3R)-3-[(2S-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-[(2S)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -[3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]- 1 10 methylpyrrolidinium formate (3R)-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium formate (3R)-1-[3-(3-Cyanophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium formate 15 (3R)-3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -[3 (methylphenylamino)propyl]pyrrolidinium chloride (3R)-1-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2 phenylacetoxy]-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (3R)-1 -[3-(2-Chlorophenoxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2 20 phenylacetoxy]-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride 3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1-ethyl-1 -[3-(4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium bromide (3R)-1-(2-Benzyloxyethyl)-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium bromide 25 Individual isomers of the compounds of the invention include: (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) 30 (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1*,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-l-methyl-1-(2 35 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*,3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) .4'n (1*,3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-22-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1 *,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) 5 (1 *,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1 *,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxyl-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 10 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-i-(3-phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-i-(3-phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 15 (1*, 3R)-1-[ 4
-(
4 -Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3S)- -[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3S)--3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 20 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1*, 3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 25 (1 *, 3 R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy-1-methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3R)- 3
-[(
2 R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3R)-1-[ 3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-{(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2 30 phenylacetoxy]-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1). (1*, 3R)-1-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2 phenylacetoxyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 2). In accordance with another embodiment, the present invention provides processes 35 for preparing the novel pyrrolidinium derivatives of formula (1). These compounds may be prepared following two different procedures, illustrated below as method (a) and method (b).
Following method (a), the compounds of formula (I) are obtained by reaction of an alkylating agent of formula R4-W with intermediates of formula (11). Method a R1 0 D B (CH 2 )n -A - (CH 2 )m -N O R2 R3 (I1) R4-W R1 R4 O D B (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m -N O R2 R3 X~ 5 Following method (b) the compounds of formula (I) are prepared by reaction of an alkylating agent of formula (IV) with intermediates of formula (Ill). Method b R1 0 D R4-N B (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m- W (111) R2 R3 Ri R4 0 D B (CH 2 )n -A - (CH 2 )m N 0 R2 R3 X (1) 10 In formulae (I), (11), (Ill) and (IV), m, n, A, B, D, R1, R2, R3 and R4 and X are as defined above. 5 In formulae (IV) and R4-W, W represents any suitable leaving group, such a group X as defined above for the compounds of formula (1). Preferably, W represents a group X. When W represents a group other than X, the quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I) is produced from the product of method (a) or (b) by an exchange reaction according to standard methods to replace the anion W- with the desired anion X-. 10 Methods (a) and (b) may be carried out by known experimental procedures in conventional synthesis, or using solid phase extraction methodologies, which allow the parallel preparation of several compounds . 15 The diastereomers of compounds of formula (1) may be separated by conventional methods, for example by chromatography or crystallisation. The intermediates of formula (II) used in method (a) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (V) with a compound of formula (VI) as shown in method (c) 20 below Method c R1 0- OH D L B (CH 2 )n -A - (CH 2 )m N O (V) R2 R3 (VI R1 B (CH 2 )n--A (CH 2 )mN O 0 R2 R3 (ii) In formulae (11), (V) and (VI), m, n, A, B, D, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above.
The pyrrolidinol esters of formula (II) may be converted to pharmaceutically acceptable salts by methods known in the art. Typically, an ester of formula (II) is treated with an inorganic or organic acid such as oxalic, fumaric, maleic, tartaric, 5 succinic or hydrochloric acid. The pyrrolidinol esters of formula (II) having one or more asymmetric carbons, include all the possible stereoisomers, single isomers and mixtures of isomers. 10 The diastereomers of compounds of formula (II) may be separated by conventional methods, for example by chromatography or crystallisation. Certain compounds of formula (II) are novel and fall under the scope of the present invention. In particular: 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin-3-y ester 15 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yI ester 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1- phenethylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester The compounds of formula (111), used in method (b), may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (V) with a compound of formula (VII) as described in method 20 (d), illustrated below. Method d 0 OH Or-D D L + R4-N OH R4-N O (V) (VIl) In the compounds of formulae (V), (111), and (VII), D and R4 are as described above 25 for compounds of formula (1); and L in formula (V) represents a leaving group. For example, L may be a chlorine atom, an imidazol-1-yl group or a lower alkoxy group, such as a methoxy group. The intermediates of formula (V) may be prepared by methods described in the 30 literature as shown in the experimental section below. The pyrrolidinol esters of formula (I1) having one or more asymmetric carbons, include all the possible stereoisomers, single isomers and mixtures of stereoisomers. 14 The diastereomers of compounds of formula (1i1) may be separated by conventional methods, for example by chromatography or crystallisation. The compounds of formula (VI), described in method (c), may be prepared by 5 reaction of an alkylating agent of formula (IV), wherein W is an halogen or a sulphonate ester, with the corresponding pyrrolidinol of formula (VIII), as illustrated in method (e) below. Method e R1 OH N O B (CH 2 )n - A -- (CH 2 )m--W (Vill) R2 R3 (IV) R1 OH B (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m -N O R2 R3 (VI) 10 In formulae (IV) and (VI) m, n, A, B, R1, R2, R3 and W are as defined above. Those compounds of formula (VII), described in method (d), which are not commercially available may be prepared by synthesis according to standard 15 methods, for example by reaction of a compound of formula (VIII) with the corresponding alkylating agent, or by reaction of a compound of formula (Vill) with the corresponding aldehyde and a reductive agent. A particular example is described as method (f) in the experimental part. 20 Examples of compounds of formula (VIII) which are commercially available are pyrrolidin-3-ol, (3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol, (3S)-pyrrolidin-3-ol. Those compounds of formula (IV), which are not commercially available have been prepared by synthesis according to standard methods. For example, compounds 25 wherein n is 0 and A is one of -0-, -S- or -NR , wherein R 7 is as defined above, were obtained by reaction of the corresponding alcohol, thiol or amine derivative or its sodium or potassium salt with an alkylating agent of formula Y-(CH 2 )m-W, wherein W is as defined above and Y may be a halogen atom or a sulphonate ester. Other examples are compounds of formula (IV), wherein n is at least 1, which were 5 synthesised from the corresponding alcohol derivative of formula (IX) by methods well known in the art. R1 B (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m - OH R2 R3 (IX) 10 The following preparation examples are intended to illustrate, but no to limit the experimental procedures described above. Method (a). A method illustrative of the preparation of compounds of formula (1) Method (b). A method illustrative of the preparation of compounds of formula (1) 15 Methoc (c). A method illustrative of the preparation of compounds of formula (11) Method (d). A method illustrative of the preparation of compounds of formula (ll) Method (e). A method illustrative of the preparation of compounds of formula (VI) Method (f) . A method illustrative of the preparation of compounds of formula (VII) 20 The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 'H-NMR and MS. The NMR spectra were recorded using a Varian 300 MHz or a Bruker DPX-250 instrument. Chemical shifts are expressed as parts per million (8) from the internal reference tetramethylsilane. The purity of the compounds was determined by HPLC, using reverse phase chromatography on a Waters instrument. Optical rotations were 25 obtained using a PERKIN-ELMER 241 MC Polarimeter and molecular ions were produced by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry on a Hewlett Packard instrument. Semi-preparative HPLC-MS experiments were performed on a Gilson instrument equipped with a binary pump (Gilson piston pump 321); a vacuum degasser (Gilson 30 864); an injector-fraction collector (Gilson liquid handler 215); two injection modules, analytical and preparative (Gilson 819); a valve (Gilson Valvemate 7000); a 1/1000 splitter (Acurate by LC Packings); a make-up pump (Gilson 307); a diode array detector (Gilson 170) and a MS detector (a Thermoquest Finnigan aQa, a quadrupole mass spectrometer with ES an APCI ionisation modes). The HPLC-MS instrument was controlled by an IBM PC. Method (a) 5 Example 6 Preparation of (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-thien-2 ylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 0.3 g (0.00069 mol) of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-thien-2 10 ylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl ester (Intermediate 1-3) were dissolved in 4 ml of acetonitrile and 6 ml of CHCl 3 . To this solution 3.45 ml (0.00345 mol) of a 1 M solution of methyl bromide in acetonitrile were added. After stirring the mixture at room temperature under N 2 atmosphere during 24 h, the solvents were evaporated. Ether was added to the residue and the mixture stirred to obtain a solid. This solid was treated with ether 15 several times, filtered and washed with ether. The yield was 0.34 g (93.2 %) of the title compound as a mixture of two stereoisomers. 1 H-NMR: mixture of diastereomers 55:45. 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 1.95-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.94 and 3.10 (s, 3H), 3.20- 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.95 (m, 4H), 5.52 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 20 4H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.37 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.55 (m, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 448 Example 9 Preparation of (1*,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 25 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) Example 10 Preparation of (1*,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 30 Following the process described in Example 6, 1.6 g of (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2 dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide, mixture of two stereoisomers, (compound described in Example 8) were prepared from 2 Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-y ester, Intermediate 1-2, and a 1M solution of methyl bromide in acetonitrile. The resulting 35 compound was purified by chromatography on silica gel performing a gradient elution using chloroform plus isopropanol (50 -- 100%) as eluent. Appropiate fractions were *1 -7 combined and evaporated to give the two title compounds. The structure was confirmed by 'H-NMR. Diastereomer 1 (first elated diastereomer), 0.628 g (80.1 % based on single isomer) were obtained. 5 m.p.: 86.2-89.6*C. 'H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed) 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) 5 2.10-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.80 (m, 1H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.70-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.95 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 5.54 (m, 1 H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 3H). 10 MS (M-Br]*: 458 (* Configuration not assigned) Diastereomer 2 (second eluted diastereomer) 0.559 g (71.3 % based on single isomer). m.p.: 87.1-89.0*C. 15 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed) 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) : 5 2.05-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.80 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.95 (m, 3H), 5.55 (m, 1 H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.05-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 458 20 (* Configuration not assigned) Method (b) Example 7 25 Preparation of 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-l-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 0.66 g (0.002 mol) of 2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester (Intermediate 1-7) were dissolved in 9 ml of CHC1 3 and 6 ml of acetonitrile. 1.6 ml of (3-bromopropoxy)benzene (2.15 g, 0.01 mol) were added and the mixture was 30 stirred during 72 hours at room temperature under N 2 atmosphere. Solvents were evaporated. Ether was added to the residue and the mixture stirred to obtain a solid. The solid was treated with ether several times, filtered and washed with ether. The yield was 0.75 g (69.4%) of the title compound as a mixture of four stereoisomers. mp: 55.3-56.8 *C. 35 'H-NMR: mixture of diastereomers 56:44 18 'H-NMR (DMSO-d,): 8 2.05-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.96 and 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.82 (m, 4H), 3.85-4.0 (m, 2H), 4.0-4.10 (m, 1H), 5.52 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.01 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.52 (m, 3H) MS [M-Br]*: 458 5 Example 4 Preparation of (1*, 3 R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) Example 5 10 Preparation of (1*, 3R)-3-2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 2 g (0.00618 mol) of 2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yi ester (Intermediate 1-5) were dissolved in 40 ml of THF and 1.86 g (0.00927 mol) of (2-bromoethoxy)benzene were added. The mixture was refluxed during 81 hours and 15 stirred 64 hours at room temperature. During this process 2.46 g more of (2 bromoethoxy)benzene (0.0122 mol), in several portions, were added. After this time the reaction mixture was filtered and the solid obtained was washed with THF and ether. This solid (1.5 g) was treated with THF at reflux temperature during 30 min., filtered without cooling, and washed with THF and ether to give 0.850 g (52.5%, 20 based on single isomer) of diastereomer 1. The mother liquors of the first filtration were refluxed for a further 40 hours. The solid formed (diastereomer 1) was filtered, and the solution obtained was diluted with ether to give an oily residue. Solvents were poured off and the oily residue was dissolved 25 in CHCl3. This solution was evaporated to give 801 mg of a brown foam that was purified by chromatography on silica gel using CHCla/isopropanol (50:50) as eluent. Appropiate fractions were combined and evaporated to give 0.47 g (29 % based on single isomer) of diastereomer 2. Diastereomer 1. (First obtained diastereomer) 30 mp: 198.8-199.4*C 'H-NMR , diastereomer 1, 95:5. 'H-NMR (DMSO-d6 ): 5 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.82 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.90 (m, 5H), 3.95-4.05 (m, 1H), 4.38 (m, 2H), 5.56 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 3H). 35 MS [M-Br]*: 444 (* Configuration not assigned) Diastereomer 2. (Second obtained diastereomer) m.p.: 85.9-87.6'C 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2, 95:5 'H-NMR (DMSO-d6 ): 8 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 1H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.97-4.04 (m, 1H1), 4.45 (m, 211), 5.55 (m, 1H), 6.98-7.03 5 (m, 5H), 7.12-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.52 (M, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 444 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 11 0 Preparation of (1*,3R)-I-Methyl-I-phenethyl-3-(9H-xanthen-9 ylcarbonyloxy)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) Example 12 Preparation of (1 *,3R)-1 -Methyl-1-phenethyl-3-(9H-xafnthen-9 ylcarbonyloxy)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 15 0.7 g (0.00226 mol) of 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester (Intermediate 1-8) were dissolved in 15 ml of THF and 0.63 g (0.46 ml, 0.0034 mol) of (2-bromoethyl)benzene were added. The mixture was refluxed during 96 hours and stirred 72 hours at room temperature. During this process 1.26 g more of (2-bromoethyl)benzene (0.92 ml, 0.0068 mol), in several portions, were added. After 20 this time the reaction mixture was filtered and the solid obtained was washed with THF and ether. The yield was 0.301 g (53.7 %, based on single isomer) of the diastereomer 1. The structure was confirmed by 1 H-NMR. The mother liquors were evaporated and the oily residue (0.450 g) was purified by 25 chromatography on silica gel performing a gradient elution using chloroform plus isopropanol (25 -- 85 %) as eluent. Apropiate fractions were combined and evaporated to give 0.193 g (34.5% based on single isomer) of the diastereomer 2. Diastereomer 1. (First obtained diastereomer) mp: 232.3-233.1*C 30 HPLC: diastereomer 1 , 92.5:7.5 1 H-NMR (DMSO-de):.S 2.0-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.0-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.75 (m, 5H), 3.85-3.92 (m, 1H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 5.36 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.50 (m, 13H). MS [M-Br]*: 414 35 (* Configuration not assigned) Diastereomer 2. (Second obtained diastereomer) np: 79.6-81.2*C. HPLC: diastereomer 2 , 98.8:1.2 20 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ):.S 2.0-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.0-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.85-3.92 (m, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 5.38 (m, 1H), 7.0-7.15 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.50 (m, 9H). MS [M-Br]*: 414 5 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 29 (3R)-3-{[(9-hydroxy-9H-fluoren-9-yl)carbonyloxy}-1-methyl-1-(4-oxo-4 phenylbutyl)pyrrolidinium formate 10 0.575 g (1.858 mmol) of 9-Hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid (3R)-1 methylpyrrolidin-3-yi ester (Intermediate 1-10) and 1.018 g (5.576 mmol) of 4-chloro 1-phenylbutan-1-one in 6 ml of THF were refluxed for 20 days. After this time THF was poured off, and the residue was washed with THF in order to eliminate the alkylating agent. The product obtained (234 mg) was purified by preparative 15 HPLC-MS to give 65 mg (7%) of the title compound (mixture of two stereoisomers) as a formate. MS [M-HCOO~]*: 456. Conditions used in the purification HPLC-MS: Column : Symmetry C18, 100 A, 5 pm 19 x 100 mm, Waters. 20 Mobile phase: A (H 2 0 0.1% HCOONH ((*): Configuration not assigned). Method (c) 25 Compounds of formula (V) which are methyl esters may be prepared by standard methods of esterification described in the literature from the corresponding carboxilic acid, or following the procedures described in WO 01/ 04118 A2 , or according to procedures described in literature: FR 2012964; Larsson. L et al. Acta Pharm. Suec. 30 (1974), 11(3), 304-308; Nyberg, K. et al. Acta Chem. Scand. (1970), 24, 1590-1596; Cohen, V.I. et al . J. Pharm. Sciences (1992), 81, 326-329; E. Atkinson et al. J. Med. Chem. (1977), 20 (12), 1612-1617. Intermediate I-1 35 Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin- 3 -yI ester 1.33 g of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester (0.0052 mol) were dissolved in 40 ml of toluene. To this solution were added 1.08 g (0.0052 mol) of (3R)-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin- 3 -ol (Intermediate 1-15), and 0.104 g (0.0026 mol) of HNa (60% dispersion in mineral oil). The mixture was stirred 30 min at room temperature, refluxed for 45 minutes, and then refluxed with continuous removal of distillate with replacement with fresh toluene when necessary for 1.5 hours. The cooled mixture was extracted with 2N HCI acid, the aqueous layer basified with 5 K 2
CO
3 and extracted with CHCl 3 . The organic layer was washed with water, dried over Na 2
SO
4 and evaporated to yield 1.77 g of an oil which was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with chloroform/ethanol/NH40H (200:8:1). Appropiate fractions were combined and evaporated to yield 1.22 g of the title product as an oil (54.7%). This product was solidified by formation of the oxalate salt. 10 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin- 3 -y ester oxalate salt: 1.03 g (0.0024 mol) of the free base were treated with oxalic acid (0.216 g, 0.0024 mol) in acetone/ether. A white solid was obtained which was filtered and washed with ether. The yield was 0.91 g (73.4%). 15 m.p. :1340C 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): & 1.80-1.95 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.90-3.25 (m, 5H), 3.25 3.35 (m, 1H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 5.33 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.0 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.25 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 2H). MS [M+1]*: 430 20 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester may be prepared as described in Nyberg, K. et al. Acta Chem. Scand. (1970), 24, 1590-1596. Intermediate 1-2 25 Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yi ester Prepared as described in Intermediate 1-1 from 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester and (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-16). The yield was 0.85 g (49%) of the title product as an oil. A portion of this product was 30 solidified by formation of the oxalate salt. 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl ester oxalate salt: 0.3 g (0.000676 mol) of the free base were treated with oxalic acid (0.060g, 0.00067 mol) in acetone/ether. A solid was obtained which was filtered and 35 washed with ether. The yield was 0.24 g (67%). m.p.:115.6-11 7
.
2
*C
'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): . 1.90-2.05 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.90-3.25 (m, 5H), 3.40 3.50 (m, 1H), 4.0 (t, 2H), 5.38 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.0 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 2H). MS [M+1]*: 444 5 Intermediate 1-3 Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-thien-2 ylpropyl)pyrrolidin- 3 -yl ester Prepared as described in Intermediate I-1 from 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid 10 methyl ester and (3R)-1-(3-thien-2-ylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-oI (Intermediate 1-17). The yield was 0.83 g (49.1 %) of the title product as an oil. A portion of this product was solidified by formation of the oxalate salt. 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-thien-2-ylpropyl)pyrroidin- 3 -y ester 15 oxalate salt: 0.3 g (0.00069 mol) of the free base were treated with oxalic acid (0.062 g, 0.00069 mol) in acetone/ether. A solid was obtained which was filtered and washed with ether. The yield was 0.27 g (75%). m.p.: 112.6-114.1 *C 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 1.80-2.05 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 1H), 2.70-3.0 (m, 4H), 3.0 20 3.30 (m, 3H), 3.40-3.55 (m, 1H), 5.37 (m, 1H), 6.85-7.05 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 2H), 8-10 (broad band, 3H). MS [M+1]*: 434 Intermediate 1-4 25 Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1 phenethylpyrrolidin- 3 -yi ester Prepared as described in Intermediate I-1 from 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester and (3R)-1 -phenethylpyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-18). The yield was 0.98 g (50.5 %) of the title product . 30 m.p.: 114.3-115.7*C 1 H-NMR (CDC13): 8 1.85-1.95 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.62 2.82 (m, 6H), 2.85-3.0 (m, 1H), 4.92 (broad singlet, 1H, OH), 5.35 (m, 1H), 6.92-7.0 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.35 (m, 9H) MS [M+1]*: 414 35 Method (d) The preparation of the methyl ester derivatives of formula (V) has been described in method (c). 5 Intermediate 1-5 Preparation of 2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3 yl ester 1 g of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester (0.0039 mol) was dissolved in 30 ml of toluene. To this solution were added 0.394 g (0.0039 mol) of (3R)-1 10 methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-19), and 0.078 g (0.00195 mol) of HNa (60% dispersion in mineral oil). The mixture was stirred 30 min at room temperature, refluxed for 1 hour, and then refluxed with continuous removal of distillate with replacement with fresh toluene when necessary for 2 hours. The cooled mixture was extracted with 2N HCl, the aqueous layer was washed with a small volume of ethyl 15 acetate, basified with solid K 2
CO
3 and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2
SO
4 and evaporated. The yield was 0.73 g (58%) of the title product (structure confirmed by 'H-NMR). This product was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with chloroform/ethanol/NH40H (200:8:1). Appropiate fractions were combined and evaporated to give the title 20 compound. m.p.: 84 0 C. 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) :.S 1.62-1.75 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.32 (m, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 2H), 5.18 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.0 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H, OH), 7.45-7.50 (m, 2H). 25 MS [M+1]: 324 Intermediate 1-6 Preparation of 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3 yl ester 30 Prepared as described in Intermediate 1-5 from 0.98 g (0.00385 mol) of 2-Hydroxy 2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester in 30 ml of toluene, 0.39 g (0.00385 mol) of (3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-20) and 0.108 g (0.0027 mol) of HNa (60% dispersion in mineral oil). The yield was 0.31 g (25%) of the title product. m.p.: 84 0 C 35 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) : S (Equivalent to 1-5) MS [M+1}*: 324 Intermediate 1-7 Preparation of 2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yI ester 5 Prepared as described in Intermediate 1-5 from 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid methyl ester and 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available). The yield was 0.96 g (30%). 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) : (Equivalent to 1-5) MS [M+1]*: 324 10 Intermediate 1-8 Preparation of 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yi ester 2 g of 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (0.0088 mol) were dissolved in 30 ml of CHC1 3 (ethanol free). The solution was cooled at 00C and 1.08 ml (0.0123 mol) of oxalyl 15 chloride and a drop of DMF was added. The mixture was stirred and allowed to warm to room temperature. After an hour at this temperature the solvents were evaporated and the residue was dissolved in CHC1 3 and evaporated again. This procedure was repeated two times. The solid obtained (2.19 g) was dissolved in 20 ml of CHC1 3 and added to a solution of 0.975 g (0.0097 mol) of (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol 20 (Intermediate 1-19) in 15 ml of CHC1 3 cooled at 0-5"C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in toluene and extracted with HCI 2N. The aqueous layer was basified with K 2
CO
3 and extracted with CHCl 3 . The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2
SO
4 and evaporated to dryness to yield 2.53 g 25 (93%) of the title product as an oil. 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): .S 1.65-1.85 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 2H), 5.0 (s, 1H), 5.05-5.20 (m, 1H), 7.0-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.40 (m, 4H). MS [M+1]*: 310 30 This product was solidified by formation of the oxalate salt. 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin- 3 -yl ester oxalate salt: 2.53 g (0.0082 mol) of the free base were treated with oxalic acid (0.74 g, 0.0082 mol) in acetone/ether. A solid was obtained which was filtered and washed with ether. The 35 yield was 2.48 g (75.8%). m.p.: 155.0-155.8"C.
MS [M+1]*: 310 Intermediate 1-9 Preparation of 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-YI ester 5 This compound was prepared as described in Intermediate 1-8 starting from 9H Xanthene-9-carboxylic and (3S)-l-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (intermediate 1-20). 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid (3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester oxalate salt was prepared as is described for the oxalate salt of Intermediate 1-8. 10 9H-Xanthene-9-carboxylic acid 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester (sulphate salt) is described in B.V. Franko et al., J. Med. Pharm. Chem. , (1960), 2 (5), 523-540. Intermediate 1-10 Preparation of 9-Hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid (3R)-1 15 methylpyrrolidin-3-yi ester 0.980 g (0.0041 mol) of 9-Hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester were dissolved in 30 ml of toluene. To this solution 0.412 g (0.0041 mol) of (3R)-1 methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-19) and a catalitic amount of Na( 0 ) were added and the mixture was refluxed using a Dean-Stark system for 24 hours. The reaction 20 mixture was cooled, and extracted with HCI 2N. The aqueous layer was basified with K 2
CO
3 and extracted with AcOEt (3 x 100 ml) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na 2
SO
4 and evaporated to dryness to yield a residue which was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with chloroform plus isopropanol (0%-> 20%). Appropiate fractions were combined and evaporated to give 0.390 g 25 (31%) of the title compound as an oil. 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): .8 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.51 (d, 2H), 7.43 - 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.33 - 7.27 (m, 2H), 5.11 (m, 1H), 2.65 - 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.26 - 2.17 (m, 3H), 2.07-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.57 - 1.45 (m, 1H). MS [M+1]*: 310 30 9-Hydroxy-9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester was prepared from 9-Hydroxy 9H-fluorene-9-carboxylic acid by a standard method of esterification. Intermediate 1-11 35 Preparation of 2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid (3R)-1 methylpyrrolidin- 3 -yi ester 5.0 g (0.021 mol) of 2-Cyclohexy-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid methyl ester were dissolved in 150 ml of dry toluene. To this solution 2.12 g (0.021 mol) of (3R) 1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-19) and 500 mg (0.021 mol) of HNa were added and the mixture was refluxed using a Dean-Stark system for 24 hours. The 5 reaction mixture was cooled, and extracted with HCI 2N. The aqueous layer was basified with K 2
CO
3 and extracted with AcOEt (3 x 100 ml) . The organic layers were combined, dried over Na 2
SO
4 and evaporated to dryness to yield a residue which was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with chloroform plus isopropanol ( 0%4 10%). Appropiate fractions were combined and evaporated to give 1.37 g 10 (21%) of the title product as an oil. 'H-NMR (CDC 3 ): .7.38 (s, 1H), 6.37 - 6.30 (m, 2H), 5.30 - 5.22 (m, 1H), 2.87 2.58 (m, 3H), 2.50 - 2.10 (m, 3H), 2.36 and 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.93 - 1.62 (m, 4H), 1.38 1.07 (m, 7H). MS [M+1]*: 308 15 2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid methyl ester can be prepared according to methods described in WO 01/ 04118 A2 Intermediate 1-12 20 Preparation of 2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid 1 -ethylpyrrolidi n-3 yl ester 1 g (0.0042 mol) of 2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid methyl ester was dissolved in 12 ml of EtOH and 6 ml of a solution of NaOH 2N were added. This mixture was stirred at 600 for 1 hour. After this time, the EtOH was evaporated and 25 the residue was acidified with HCI 10%. The aqueous solution was extracted with AcOEt (2 x 100 ml). The organic layers were combined, dried and evaporated to obtain a residue (2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid) which was used without further purification. The acid obtained was dissolved in dry DMF (12 mi) and 0.817 g (0.005 mol) of 1,1'-carbonildimidazol were added. The mixture was stirred for 30 1h at room temperature. After this time the sodium salt of 1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-ol (prepared by addition of HNa (0.11 g, 0.0046 mol) to a solution of 1-ethylpyrrolidin 3-ol (0.531g, 0.0046 mol) in 5 ml of dry DMF) was added. After stirring 15 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was treated with water, and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et 2 0 (2 x 100 ml). The organic phases were combined, washed 35 with water and dried. After removal of the solvent the product obtained was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with chloroform plus isopropanol ( 5%4 15%). The yield was 460 mg (34% related to starting methyl ester) of the title product. 1 H-NMR (CDCI 3 ): . 1.05 - 1.45 (m, 1OH), 1.60 - 2.10 (m, 4H), 2.10 - 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.40 - 2.75 (m, 5H), 2.85 - 3.0 (m, 1 H), 3.76 (bs, OH, 1 H), 5.27 (m, 1 H), 6.30 - 6.40 5 (m, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H). MS [M+1]*: 322 2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetic acid methyl ester can be prepared according to methods described in WO 01/ 04118 A2 10 1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-ol is commercially available. Intermediate 1-13 (2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yi ester 15 0.545 g (0.0025 mol) of (2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid were dissolved in 8 ml of dry DMF. To this solution 0.481 g (0.003 mol) of 1,1' carbonildiimidazol were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After this time, the mixture obtained was added to a suspension of (3R)-1 methylpyrrolidin-3-ol (Intermediate 1-19, 0.531 g, 0.0046 mol) and HNa (0.065 g, 20 0.0027 mol) in 3 ml of dry DMF. After stirring 26 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was treated with water and extracted two times with Et 2 0 . The organic layers were combined, washed with water and dried. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 0%->10%) to obtain 450 mg (60%) of the title product as an oil. 25 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) : . 7.60 - 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.29 - 7.15 (m, 3H), 5.19 - 5.11 (m, 1H), 3.77 (bs, OH, 1H), 2.92 - 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.79 - 2.16 (m, 5H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.85 - 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.61 - 1.18 (m, 8H). MS [M+1]*: 304 30 (2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid is described in M. Mitsuva et al.: Bioorq. Med. Chem., (1999), 7, 2555-2567. Intermediate 1-14 (2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid 1 -ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester 35 Il 0.655 g (0.00297 mol) of (2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid were dissolved in 8 ml of dry DMF. To this solution 0.580 g (0.0036 mol) of 1,1' carbonildiimidazol were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After this time, the mixture obtained was added to a suspension (cooled at 00C) of 5 1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-ol (0.390 ml g, 0.0033 mol) and HNa (0.078 g, 0.0033 mol) in 4 ml of dry DMF . After stirring 15 h at room temperature the reaction mixture was treated with water and extracted three times with Et 2 0 . The organic layers were combined, washed with water and dried. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 0%->5%) to obtain 610 10 mg (65%) of the title product as an oil. 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) : . 1.05 -1.15 (m, 3H), 1.25 - 1.95 (m, 1OH), 2.10 - 2.35 (m, 1H), 2.40 - 3.0 (m, 6H), 3.79 (bs, 1H, OH), 5.23 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.65-7.67 (m, 2H). MS [M+1]*: 318 15 (2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid is described in M. Mitsuva et al.; Bioorq. Med. Chem., (1999). 7, 2555-2567. 1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-ol is commercially available. 20 Method (e) Intermediate 1-15 Preparation of (3R)-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin-3-oI 0.5 g (0.0057 mol) of (3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available) were dissolved in 25 15 ml of acetonitrile. To this solution were added 1.32 g (0.0065 mol) of (2 bromoethoxy)benzene, 0.095 g (0.00057 mol) of KI and 1.57 g (0.0114 mol) of
K
2
CO
3 . This mixture was stirred during 72 h at room temperature. The solid was filtered and the solvent was evaporated to dryness. CHCl 3 was added to the residue and the solution obtained was washed with water and brine, dried over Na 2
SO
4 and 30 the solvent was evaporated to obtain 1.43 g of an oil. This product was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluting with chloroform/methanol/NH 4 0H (90:10:1). The yield was 1.08 g of the title compound (91.5 %). MS [M+1]*: 208 'H-NMR (CDC13): 8 1.80 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.75 35 3.10 (m, 4H), 4.10 (t, 2H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 6.95 (m, 3H), 7.30 (m, 2H). (3R)-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol is described in WO 9625417 Al.
Intermediate 1-16 Preparation of (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol Prepared as in Intermediate 1-15 from (3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available) 5 and (3-bromopropoxy)benzene. The yield was 2.26 g (71.3 %) of the title compound. MS [M+1]*: 222 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): 5 1.75 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 4.0 (t, 2H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 3H), 7.30 (m, 2H). 10 Intermediate 1-17 Preparation of (3R)-1-(3-thien-2-ylpropyl)pyrrolidin-3-oI Prepared as in Intermediate 1-15 from (3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available) and 2-(3-bromopropyl)thiophene. The yield was 1.02 g (85%) of the title compound. MS [M+1]*: 212 15 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): S 1.65-2.0 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 2.80-3.0 (m, 3H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m,1H), 7.10 (m, 1H). Intermediate 1-18 Preparation of (3R)-1-phenethylpyrrolidin- 3 -ol 20 Prepared as in Intermediate 1-15 from (3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available) and (2-bromoethyl)benzene. The yield was 0.91g (83.5%) of the title compound. MS [M+1]*: 192 'H-NMR (CDCl 3 ): 5 1.65-1.85 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.90 (m, 5H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 1H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.40 (m, 5H). 25 1-phenethylpyrrolidin-3-ol is described in Zhu, Y-Q . et al, Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao (1981), 16(3), 199-210. Method (f) 30 Intermediate 1-19 Preparation of (3R)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol 15 g (0.172 mol) of (3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available) were dissolved in 240 ml of MeOH. This solution was cooled to 10-1 50C, and formaldehyde (124.5 ml of a 36 % solution in water, diluted with 125 ml of MeOH ) and NaBH 4 (16.27 g, 0.43 35 mol) were added in small portions, alternativately during 1h, maintaining the temperature at 10-150C. After 20 min the mixture was warmed to room temperature and the reaction continued for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was acidified with HCI 2N, stirred during 20 minutes and neutralised with solid NaHCO 3 . MeOH and most of the water were evaporated and the residue was diluted with a small quantity of water, basified with solid K 2
CO
3 and exhaustively extracted with CHC 3 . The organic phases 5 were combined and dried over Na 2
SO
4 . CHC1 3 was evaporated to give an oil which was purified by Kugelrohr distillation at reduced pressure (0.2-0.3 mbar, 50-601C oven) to give 14.91 g (85.6 %) of the title product. 1 H-NMR (CDCI 3 ): . 1.60-1.80 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.40 (m, 5H), 2.40-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.75 2.95 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.50 (bs, 1H, OH). 10 A sample of 1 g of this material was treated with 1.5 g of (2R,3R)-tartaric acid in MeOH/ether to obtain 2.3 g of the tartrate salt [M]D = +10.60 (c=1, H 2 0)'. []22 D = +11.10 (c=9.57, H 2 0), Sleevi et al. J.Med. Chem., (1991), Vol 34, n 0 4, 1314-1328). 15 Intermediate 1-20 Preparation of (3S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ol Prepared as in Intermediate 1-19 from 2 g of (3S)-pyrrolidin-3-ol (commercially available). The yield was 1.65 g (71.1%) of a pale yellow oil which was not necessary 20 to purify by distillation . This material was treated with 2.5 g of (2S,3S)-tartaric acid in MeOH/ether to obtain 3.65 g of the tartrate salt [a] = -- 11.3 (c=1, H 2 0) 2 , 2 [22 D = -11.5* (c=1, H 2 0), Sleevi et al. J.Med. Chem., (1991), Vol 34, n 0 4, 1314 25 1328). Also included within the scope of the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions which comprise, as the active ingredient, at least one pyrrolidinium derivative of formula (1) in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or 30 diluent. Preferably the composition is made up in a form suitable for oral administration. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluents which are mixed with the active compound or compounds, to form the composition of this invention are well-known 35 per se and the actual excipients used depend inter alia on the intended method of administration of the composition.
Compositions of this invention are preferably adapted for oral administration. In this case, the composition for oral administration may take the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, liquid inhalant, powder inhalant and inhalation aerosol; all containing one or 5 more compounds of the invention; such preparations may be made by methods well known in the art. The diluents which may be used in the preparations of the compositions include those liquid and solid diluents which are compatible with the active ingredient, [0 together with colouring or flavouring agents, if desired. Tablets or film-coated tablets may conveniently contain between 1 and 500 mg, preferably from 5 to 300 mg of active ingredient. The inhalant compositions may contain between 1 Rg and 1,000 Ig, preferably from 10 pg to 800 pg of active ingredient. In human therapy, the dose of the compound of formula (1) depend on the desired effect and duration of 15 treatment; adult doses are generally between 3 mg and 300 mg per day as tablets and 10 Rg and 800 pig per day as inhalant composition. Pharmacological Action 20 The results on human muscarinic receptors binding and in the test on bronchospasm in guinea pig, were obtained as described below. Human muscarinic receptor studies. 25 The binding of [3H]-NMS to human muscarinic receptors was performed according to Waelbroeck et al (1990), Mol. Pharmacol., 38: 267-273. Assays were carried out at 250C. Membrane preparations from stably transfected chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells (CHO) expressing the genes for the human M3 muscarinic receptors were used. 30 For determination of ICso, membrane preparations were suspended in DPBS to a final concentration of 89 pg/ml for the M3 subtype. The membrane suspension was incubated with the tritiated compound for 60 min. After incubation the membrane fraction was separated by filtration and the bound radioactivity determined. Non specific binding was determined by addition of 104 M atropine. At least six 35 concentrations were assayed in duplicate to generate individual displacement curves.
Our results show that the compounds of the present invention have high affinities for M3 muscarinic receptors, preferably human muscarinic receptors. Thus, the ICso of the preferred compounds of the invention is lower than 35 nM. Most preferred compounds, such as the compounds of examples 1 to 8 described below, have an 5 IC5o lower than 20 nM. Test on bronchospasm in guinea pig The studies were performed according to H. Konzett and F. Rbssler (1940), Arch. 10 Exp. Path. Pharmacol. 195: 71-74. Aqueous solutions of the agents to be tested were nebulized and inhaled by anaesthetized ventilated male guinea pigs (Dunkin Hartley). Bronchial response to intravenous acetylcholine challenge was determined before and after drug administration and the changes in pulmonary resistance at several time-points were expressed as percent of inhibition of bronchospasm. 15 The compounds of the present invention inhibited the bronchospasm response to acetylcholine with high potency and a long duration of action. From the above described results one of ordinary skill in the art can readily 20 understand that the compounds of the present invention have excellent M3 antimuscarinic activity and thus are useful for the treatment of diseases in which the M3 muscarinic receptor is implicated, including respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, bronchial hyperreactivity, asthma, cough and rhinitis; urological disorders such as urinary incontinence, pollakiuria, 25 neurogenic or unstable bladder, cystospasm and chronic cystitis; gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colitis, diverticulitis and peptic ulceration; and cardiovascular disorders such as vagally induced sinus bradycardia. The present invention further provides a compound of formula (I) or a 30 pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of formula (1) for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy, in particular for the treatment of respiratory, urological or gastrointestinal disease or disorder. The present invention further provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a 35 pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of formula (1) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a respiratory, urological or gastrointestinal disease or disorder.
Further, the compounds of formula (1) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (1) can be used in a method of treating a respiratory, urological or gastrointestinal disease or disorder, which method comprises administering to a 5 human or animal patient in need of such treatment an effective, non-toxic, amount of a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (1). Further, the compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising a 10 compound of formula (1) can be used in combination with other drugs effective in the treatment of these diseases. For example with 132 agonists, steroids, antiallergic drugs, phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors and/or leukotriene D4 (LTD4) inhibitors, for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of a respiratory disease. 15 The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples. The examples are given by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as a limiting. Example 1 20 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-I-phenethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate The title compound was obtained as a mixture of four stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-7. The yield of the final step was 90 mg (30%). 25 MS [M-CF3COOI*: 428 Example 2 (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-I-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide 30 The title compound was obtained as a mixture of two stereoisomers according to method (a) from Intermediate 1-4. The yield of the final step was 0.31 g (84.7%). m.p.: 143.7-158.60C HPLC: mixture of diastereomers 44:56. 'H-NMR (DMSO-d,) : 5 2.10-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.05 35 and 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.85 (m, 5H), 3.90-4.05 (m, 1H), 5.57 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.95 (m, 1H), 7.0-7.05 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.42-7.60 (m, 3H) MS [M-Br]*: 428 Example 3 (3R)-3-2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-I -(2 phenoxyethy)pyrrolidinium bromide 5 The title compound was obtained as a mixture of two stereoisomers according to method (a) from Intermediate 1-1. The yield of the final step was 0.47g (81.6%). m.p.: 54.9-65.3*C. 1 H-NMR: mixture of diastereomers 50:50. 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.82 (m, 1H), 3.05 and 3.21 (s, 3H), 10 3.64-4.10 (m, 6H), 4.40 and 4.46 (m, 2H), 5.56 (m, 1H), 6.97-7.04 (m, 5H), 7.13-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.54 (m, 3H) MS [M-Br]*: 444 Example 4 (described in method (b)) 15 (1*,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-I-(2 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-5. The yield of the final step was 0.85 g (52.5 % based on single isomer). 20 m.p.: 198.8-199.4*C. 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1, 95:5 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.82 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.60-3.90 (m, 5H), 3.95-4.05 (m, 1H), 4.38 (m, 2H), 5.56 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 3H). 25 MS [M-Br]: 444 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 5 (described in method (b)) (1*,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2 30 phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-5. The yield of the final step was 0.47 g (29 % based on single isomer). m.p.: 85.9-87.61C 35 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 2, 95:5 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 2.10-2.25 (in, 1H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 1H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.72 (m, 1 H), 3.78-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.97-4.04 (m, 1 H), 4.45 (m, 2H), 5.55 (m, 1 H), 6.98-7.03 (m, 5H), 7.12-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 444 5 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 7 (described in method (b)) 3-2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3-phenoxypropyl) pyrrolidinium bromide 10 The title compound was obtained as a mixture of four stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-7. The yield of the final step was 0.75 g (69.4 %). m.p.: 55.3-56.8 0 C. 'H-NMR, mixture of diastereomers 56:44 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 8 2.05-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.96 and 3.12 (s, 3H), 15 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.82 (m, 4H), 3.85-4.0 (m, 2H), 4.0-4.10 (m, 1H), 5.52 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.01 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.52 (m, 3H) MS [M-Br]*: 458 Example 8 20 (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-I -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide The title compound was obtained as a mixture of two stereoisomers according to method (a) from Intermediate 1-2. The yield of the final step was 0.21 g (70%). HPLC: mixture of diastereomers 59:41 25 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 2.05-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.80 (m, 1H), 3.0 and 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.85-4.0 (m, 2H), 4.0-4.10 (m, 1H), 5.55 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 458 30 Example 9 (described in method (a)) (1*, 3 R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-l-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (a) from Intermediate 1-2. 35 The yield of the final step was 0.628 g (80.1 % based on single isomer). mp.: 86.2-89.6*C.
'H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed) 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): S 2.10-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.80 (m, 1H), 3.0 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.70-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.85-3.95 (m, 1 H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 5.54 (m, 1 H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 3H). 5 MS [M-Br]* : 458 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 10 (described in method (a)) (I *, 3 R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3 10 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (a) from Intermediate 1-2. The yield of the final step was 0.559 g (71.3 % based on single isomer). m.p.: 87.1-89.0"C. 15 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed) 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): & 2.05-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.65-2.80 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.95 (m, 3H), 5.55 (m, 1 H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 7.05-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 458 20 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 13 (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) 25 The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate I-5. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature) was 2 h . Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CH 2 Cl 2 plus isopropanol 30%->80% ) gave 358 mg (44.2%) of the title compound (first eluted diastereomer). 30 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed) 'H-NMR (DMSO-d): 5 7.60 - 7.50 (m, 5H), 7.44 - 7.34 (m, 3H), 7.16 - 7.12 (m, 2H), 7.02 - 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, 1 H), 6.57 - 6.45 (m, 1 H), 5.55 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (d, 2H), 4.04 - 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.74 - 3.64 (m, 3H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.79 - 2.67 (m, 1H), 2.23 2.12 (m, 1H). 35 MS [M-Br]*: 440 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 14 (1*, 3R)3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-d ithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1 -(3 phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 5 The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-5. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature) was 2 h Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CH 2
CI
2 plus isopropanol 30%-)80% ) gave 160 mg (19.8%) of the title compound (second eluted 10 diastereomer). 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed) 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 7.58 - 7.49 (m, 5H), 7.45 - 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.18 (dd, 1H), 7.13 (dd, 1H), 7.02 - 6.97 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 6.51 - 6.39 (m, 1H), 5.56 (m, 1H), 4.05 (d, 2H), 3.93 - 3.72 (m, 3H), 3.64 - 3.53 (m, 1H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.80 - 2.71 (m, 1H), 2.24 15 2.13 (m, 1H). MS [M-Br]*: 440 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 16 20 (1*, 3R)-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy) 1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-5. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature) was 13 25 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%+90%) gave 187 mg (25%) of the title compound (only eluted diastereomer). 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1 'H-NMR (DMSO-d6 ) : 58.10-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.38 (t, 2H), 7.18-7.13 30 (m, 2H), 7.03-6.99 (m, 2H), 5.53 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.65-3.35 (m, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.02 (m, 3H). MS [M-Cl]: 488 (* Configuration not assigned) 35 Example 17 (1*, 3S)-1-[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-6. 5 The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 11 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%-85%) gave 309 mg (41.5%) of the title compound (first eluted diastereomer). 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed) 10 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) :8 7.54 - 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.17 - 7.11 (m, 4H), 7.03 - 6.93 (m, 4H), 5.53 (m, 1H), 4.02 (t, 2H), 3.95 - 3.38 (m, 6H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 2.80 - 2.67 (m, 1H), 2.24 - 2.12 (m, 3H). MS [M-Cl]*: 476. (* Configuration not assigned) 15 Example 18 (1*, 3S)-1-[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 2) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from 20 Intermediate 1-6. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 11 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%+85%) gave 62 mg (8.5%) of the title compound (second eluted diastereomer). 25 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed). 'H-NMR (DMSO-d) : 6 7.49 - 7.47 (m, 3H), 7.19 - 7.10 (m, 4H), 6.99 - 6.92 (m, 4H), 5.54 (m, 1H), 3.98 - 3.88 (m, 3H), 3.75 - 3.61 (m, 3H), 3.50 - 3.40 (m, 2H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.79 - 2.64 (m, 1 H), 2.23 - 2.06 (m, 3H). MS [M-Cl]': 476. 30 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 19 (1*, 3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) 35 The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-6.
The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 8 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%-+60%) gave 250 mg (31.2%) of the title compound (first eluted diastereomer). 5 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) : 5 7.46 - 7.44 (m, 3H), 7.29 - 7.13 (m, 5H), 7.10 - 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.96 - 6.92 (m, 2H), 5.45 (m, I H), 3.85 - 3.77 (m, 1 H), 3.71 - 3.31 (m, 5H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.71 - 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.54 (t, 2H), 2.13 - 1.90 (m, 3H). MS [M-Br]*: 442 [0 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 20 (1*, 3S)-3-2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3 phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 15 The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-6. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 8 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%460%) gave 169 mg (20.8%) of the title compound (second eluted 20 diastereomer). 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed). 'H-NMR (DMSO-d) : 8 7.54 - 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s, OH, 1H), 7.36 - 7.22 (m, 5H), 7.16 (dd, 1H), 7.11 (dd, 1H), 7.03 - 6.98 (m, 2H), 5.53 (m, 1H), 3.93 - 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.73 - 3.24 (m, 5H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.77 - 2.62 (m, 1 H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 2H), 2.18 - 2.09 25 (m, 1 H), 2.03 - 1.89 (m, 2H). MS [M-Br]*: 442. (* Configuration not assigned) Example 21 30 (3R)-1 -(2-Benzyoxyethyl)-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium bromide (mixture 1 of stereoisomers) The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate I-11. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 5 35 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%+50%) gave 169 mg (53.0%) of the title compound (first eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 1 H-NMR: mixture 1 of stereoisomers 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 5 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.37 - 7.32 (m, 5H), 6.43 - 6.39 (m, 2H), 6.01 5 (s, OH, 1H), 5.43 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 2H), 3.94 - 3.20 (m, 8H), 3.10 - 3.05 (d, 3H), 2.76 - 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.24 - 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.74 - 1.57 (m, 3H), 1.37 - 1.11 (m, 7H). MS [M-Br]*: 442. Example 22 10 (3R)-1 -(2-Benzyloxyethyl)-3-( 2 -cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yI-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium bromide (mixture 2 of stereoisomers) The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate I-11. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 5 15 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 10%->50%) gave 125 mg (40.0%) of the title compound (second eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 1 H-NMR: mixture 2 of stereoisomers. 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) : 5 7.58 (s,1H), 7.35 (m, 5H), 6.39 (m, 2H), 6.00 (s, OH, 1H), 20 5.44 (m, 1 H), 4.55 (m, 2H), 3.91 - 3.20 (m, 8H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1 H), 2.23 - 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 3H), 1.38 - 1.06 (m, 7H). MS [M-Br]*: 442. Example 23 25 (1*, 3 R)-3-[( 2 R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-l-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-13. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 63 30 hours. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CH 2 Cl 2 plus isopropanol 10%+30%) gave 248 mg (36.6%) of the title compound (first eluted diastereomer). 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed) 'H-NMR (DMSO-ds) : 8 7.59 (d, 2H), 7.38 - 7.28 (m, 5H), 6.98 - 6.91 (m, 3H), 5.85 -35 (s, OH, 1H), 5.38 (m, 1H), 4.04 (t, 2H), 3.91 - 3.51 (m, 6H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.98 - 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.71 - 2.61 (m, 1H), 2.25 - 2.07 (m, 3H), 1.59 - 1.16 (m, 8H).
MS [M-Br}*: 438 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 24 5 (1*, 3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-13. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature ) was 63 10 hours. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: CH 2
CI
2 plus isopropanol 10%430%) gave 428 mg (62.4%) of the title compound (second eluted diastereomer). 'H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed). 'H-NMR (DMSO-d6) : 8 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.36 - 7.18 (m, 5H), 7.00 - 6.94 (m, 3H), 5.84 15 (s, OH, 1H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 4.05 - 3.42 (m, 8H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.92 - 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.72 - 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.20 - 2.08 (m, 3H), 1.57 - 1.13 (m, 8H). MS [M-Br]*: 438 (* Configuration not assigned) 20 Example 30 (3R)-3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methyl-1 -[3 (methylphenylamino)propyl]pyrrolidinium chloride (mixture 1 of stereoisomers) The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate I-11. 25 The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 27 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC13 plus isopropanol 5%450% ) gave 130 mg (27%) of the title product (first eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 1 H-NMR: mixture 1 of stereoisomers 30 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 0 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.21 - 7.15 (m, 2H), 6.74 (d, 2H), 6.64 (t, 1H), 6.42 - 6.39 (m, 2H), 6.00 (s, OH, 1 H), 5.43 (m, 1 H), 3.90-3.30 (m, 6H), 3.05 - 3.01 (two singlets, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.73 - 2.59 (m, 1 H), 2.25-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.73 - 1.57 (m, 3H), 1.37 - 1.06 (m, 7H). MS (M-Cl]*: 455 35 Example 31 (3R)-3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -[3 (methylphenylamino)propyl]pyrrolidinium chloride (mixture 2 of stereoisomers) The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method 5 (b) from Intermediate 1-11. The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 27 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 5%-+50% ) gave 125 mg (26%) of the title product (second eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 10 1 H-NMR: mixture 2 of stereoisomers 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): Q7.60 (s, 1H), 7.22 - 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, 2H), 6.64 (t, 1H), 6.41 (m, 2H), 6.07 (m, OH, 1 H), 5.44 (m, 1 H), 3.94 - 3.85 (m, 1 H), 3.75 - 3.32 (m, 5H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.72 - 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.25-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.73 - 1.57 (m, 3H), 1.37 - 1.02 (m, 7H). 15 MS [M-Cl]*: 455 Example 35 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulfanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (mixture 1 of stereoisomers) 20 The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-12. The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 14 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 5%-+15% ) gave 153 mg (29.2%) of the title product (first eluted mixture of 25 stereoisomers). 'H-NMR: mixture 1 of stereoisomers 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 17.63 (s, 1 H), 7.40 - 7.32 (m, 4H), 7.25 - 7.20 (m, 1 H), 6.43 6.38 (m, 2H), 5.99 (s, OH, 1H), 5.41 (m, 1H), 3.87 - 3.18 (m, 6H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.66 - 2.54 (m, 1 H), 2.25-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.73 - 1.58 (m, 3H), 1.36 - 1.05 (m, 1 OH). 30 MS [M-Brl]*: 472 Example 36 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fu r-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy) -1-ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulfanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (mixture 2 of stereoisomers) 35 The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-12.
The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 14 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 5%+15% ) gave 226 mg (43.8%) of the title product (second eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 5 1 H-NMR: mixture 2 of stereoisomers 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 0 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.41 - 7.32 (m, 4H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 6.40 (m, 2H), 6.02 - 6.00 (two singlets, OH, 1H), 5.42 (m, 1H), 3.88 - 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.69 - 3.26 (m, 5H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.65 - 2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.25-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.73 - 1.56 (m, 3H), 1.43 - 1.02 (m, 10H). [0 MS [M-Brl]*: 472 Example 37 (1*, 3R)-1-[ 3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy- 2 phenylacetoxy]-1 -methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) 15 The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-13. The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 4 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 5%+20% ) gave 81 mg (27.7 %) of the title product (first eluted diastereomer). 20 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 1 (diastereomer 2 not observed) 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): Q 7.61 - 7.58 (m, 6H), 7.42 - 7.24 (m, 6H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 5.82 (s, OH, 1H), 5.39 (m, 1H), 4.12 - 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.91 - 3.55 (m, 6H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.95 2.65 (m, 2H), 2.27 - 2.09 (m, 3H), 1.61 - 1.17 (m, 8H). MS [M-Cl]*: 514 25 (* Configuration not assigned) Example 38 (1*, 3R)-1-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2 phenylacetoxy]-1 -methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 2) 30 The title compound was obtained as a single isomer according to method (b) from Intermediate 1-13. The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 4 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 5%+420% ) gave 111 mg (38.3 %) of the title product (second eluted diastereomer). 35 1 H-NMR: diastereomer 2 (diastereomer 1 not observed) 'H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): Q 7.64 - 7.55 (m, 6H), 7.42 (t, 2H), 7.33 - 7.19 (m, 4H), 7.04 (d, 2H), 5.81 (s, OH, 1H), 5.40 (m, 1H), 4.10 - 4.06 (m, 2H), 3.90 (dd, 1H), 3.80 A A 3.50 (m, 5H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.93 - 2.83 (m, 1 H), 2.75 - 2.62 (m, 1 H), 2.24 - 2.08 (m, 3H), 1.64 - 1.10 (m, 8H). MS [M-Cl]*: 514 (* Configuration not assigned) 5 Example 41 3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -[3-(4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium bromide (mixture 1 of stereolisomers) The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method 10 (b) from Intermediate 1-14. The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 19 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 0%-20% ) gave 202 mg (24.1%) of the title product (first eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 15 1 H-NMR: mixture 1 of steroisomers 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): 07.58 (m, 2H), 7.39 - 7.24 (m, 3H), 6.86 (s, 4H), 5.84 (s, OH, 1 H), 5.38 (m, 1 H), 3.95 (t, 2H), 3.92-3.80 (m, 1 H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.69 - 3.27 (m, 7H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 3H), 1.59 - 1.11 (m, 11H). MS [M-Br]*: 482 20 Example 42 3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -[3-(4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium bromide (mixture 2 of stereoisomers) The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method 25 (b) from Intermediate 1-14. The reaction time for the final step (conditions:THF, reflux temperature) was 19 days. Purification by column chromatography (silica gel, eluent CHC1 3 plus isopropanol 0%420% ) gave 384 mg (46.9 %) of the title product (second eluted mixture of stereoisomers). 30 1 H-NMR: mixture 2 of steroisomers 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d 6 ): [ 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.35 - 7.20 (m, 3H), 6.88 (s, 4H), 5.86 (s, OH, 1H), 5.39 (m, 1H), 3.98 - 3.84 (m, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.74 - 3.30 (m, 7H), 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.13 - 1.96 (m, 3H), 1.56 - 1.12 (m, 11H). MS [M-Br]*: 482 35 Example 43 (3R)-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium formate The title compound was obtained as a mixture of two stereoisomers according to 5 method (b) from Intermediate 1-5. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature) was 24 days. After this time THF was poured off, and the residue was washed with THF in order to eliminate the alkylating agent. The product obtained (88 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC-MS (using the conditions described in Example 29) to 10 give 30.1 mg of the title compound (mixture of two stereoisomers). MS [M-HCOO1*: 488 Example 44 (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-[3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propy]-1 15 methylpyrrolidinium formate The title compound was obtained as a mixture of two stereoisomers according to. method (b) from Intermediate 1-6. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature) was 19 days. After this time, THF was evaporated, and a portion of the obtained residue 20 was purified by preparative HPLC-MS (using the conditions described in Example 29) to give 5.0 mg of the title compound (mixture of two stereoisomers). MS [M-HCOO)*: 474 Example 45 25 (3R)-1 -[3-(3-Cyanophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur- 2 -yl-2 hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methylpyrrolidinium formate The title compound was obtained as a mixture of stereoisomers according to method (b) from Intermediate I-11. The reaction time for the final step (conditions: THF, reflux temperature) was 25 30 days. After this time, THF was evaporated, and a portion of the obtained residue was purified by preparative HPLC-MS (using the conditions described in Example 29) to give 65.6 mg of the title compound (mixture of stereoisomers). MS [M-HCOO-]: 467 35 The following examples illustrate pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention and procedures for their preparation. 46 Example 47 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition: tablets Formulation: Compound of the present invention 5.0 mg 5 Lactose 113.6 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 28.4 mg Light silicic anhydride 1.5 mg Magnesium stearate 1.5 mg 10 Using a mixer machine, 15 g of the compound of the present invention was mixed with 340.8 g of lactose and 85.2 g of microcrystalline cellulose. The mixture was subjected to compression moulding using a roller compactor to give a flake-like compressed material. The flake-like compressed material was pulverized using a hammer mill, and the pulverized material was screened through a 20 mesh screen. A 15 4.5 g portion of light silicic anhydride and 4.5 g of magnesium stearate were added to the screened material and mixed. The mixer product was subjected to a tablets making machine equipped with a die/punch system of 7.5 mm in diameter, thereby obtaining 3,000 tablets each having 150 mg in weight. 20 Example 48 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition: coated tablets Formulation: Compound of the present invention 5.0 mg Lactose 95.2 mg 25 Corn starch 40.8 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone K25 7.5 mg Magnesium stearate 1.5 mg Hydroxypropylcellulose 2.3 mg Polyethylene glycol 6000 0.4 mg 30 Titanium dioxide 1.1 mg Purified talc 0.7 mg Using a fluidized bed granulating machine, 15 g of the compound of the present invention was mixed with 285.6 g of lactose and 122.4 g of corn starch. Separately, 35 22.5 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was dissolved in 127.5 g of water to prepare a binding solution. Using a fluidized bed granulating machine, the binding solution was sprayed on the above mixture to give granulates. A 4.5 g portion of magnesium stearate was 47 added to the obtained granulates and mixed. The obtained mixture was subjected to a tablet making machine equipped with a die/punch biconcave system of 6.5 mm in diameter, thereby obtaining 3,000 tablets, each having 150 mg in weight. Separately, a coating solution was prepared by suspending 6.9 g of 5 hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2910, 1.2 g of polyethylene glycol 6000, 3.3 g of titanium dioxide and 2.1 g of purified talc in 72.6 g of water. Using a High Coated, the 3,000 tablets prepared above were coated with the coating solution to give film coated tablets, each having 154.5 mg in weight. 10 Example 49 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition: liquid inhalant Formulation: Compound of the present invention 400 ltg Physiological saline 1 mi 15 A 40 mg portion of the compound of the present invention was dissolved in 90 ml of physiological saline, and the solution was adjusted to a total volume of 100 ml with the same saline solution, dispensed in 1 ml portions into 1 ml capacity ampoule and then sterilized at 115 "C for 30 minutes to give a liquid inhalant. 20 Example 50 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition: powder inhalant Formulation: Compound of the present invention 200 l.ig 25 Lactose 4,000 ig A 20 g portion of the compound of the present invention was uniformly mixed with 400 g of lactose, and a 200 mg portion of the mixture was packed in a powder inhaler for exclusive use to produce a powder inhalant. 30 Example 51 Preparation of a pharmaceutical composition: inhalation aerosol. Formulation: Compound of the present invention 200 jig 35 Dehydrated (Absolute) ethyl alcohol USP 8,400 jig 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134A) 46,810 Vg 48 The active ingredient concentrate is prepared by dissolving 0.0480 g of the compound of the present invention in 2.0160 g of ethyl alcohol. The concentrate is added to an appropriate filling apparatus. The active ingredient concentrate is 5 dispensed into aerosol container, the headspace of the container is purged with Nitrogen or HFC-134A vapor (purging ingredients should not contain more than 1 ppm oxygen) and is sealed with valve. 11.2344 g of HFC-134A propellant is then pressure filled into the sealed container. Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates. Aq

Claims (20)

1. A compound of formula (1): R1 R4 O.<D B (CH 2 )n -A - (CH 2 )m N O R2 R3 X (I) 5 wherein B is a phenyl or biphenyl group; R', R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a hydroxy, 10 phenyl, -OR 5 , -SR 5 , -NR 5 R 6 , -NHCOR 5 , -CONRR 6 , -CN, -NO 2 , -COOR 5 or -CF 3 group, or a straight or branched, optionally substituted C, - C, alkyl group; or Rand R2 together form a 5 - to 14 - membered aromatic ring, a C3 - CS alicyclic ring or a 5 - to 10 - membered heterocyclic group; 15 R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched, optionally substituted C1 - Cg alkyl group, or together form a C3 - C alicyclic ring; n is an integer from 0 to 4; 20 A represents a group selected from -CH 2 -, -CH=CR 7 -, -CR'=CH-, -CR 7 R-, -0C-, -0-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 - and -NR -, wherein R 7 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a straight or branched, optionally substituted C1 - C8 alkyl group, or together form a C3 - C8 alicyclic ring; 25 m is an integer from 0 to 8; R 4 represents a C1 - C8 alkyl group; D represents a group of formula i) - 51 i) R 9 R11 wherein 5 R 9 represents a group selected from phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl or 3-thienyl; R" represent a group selected from phenyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl; 10 and R" represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy, methyl, or -CH 2 OH group; the cyclic groups represented by R 9 and R 10 being optionally substituted by one or two substituents selected from halogen, straight or branched, optionally substituted C1 - CS alkyl, hydroxy, optionally substituted C, - C, alkoxy, nitro, cyano, -C0 2 R or -NR R, 15 wherein R 12 and R 13 are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen and straight or branched, optionally substituted C 1 - Cg alkyl groups; X- represents a pharmaceutically acceptable anion of a mono or polyvalent acid; 20 including all individual stereoisomers and mixtures thereof; with the proviso that in those compounds wherein B is phenyl, R 9 is unsubstituted phenyl, R 10 is unsubstitued phenyl or unsubstituted C3-C7 cycloalkyl, R" is hydrogen or hydroxy, the sequence - (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m - is not one of methylene, ethylene or propylene. 25
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein B represents a phenyl group.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a hydroxy, methyl, tert-butyl, -CH 2 OH, 3 30 hydroxypropyl, -OMe, -NMe 2 , -NHCOMe, -CONH 2 , -CN, -NO 2 , -COOMe or -CF 3 group. - 52
4. A compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein n = 0 or 1; m is an integer from 1 to 6; and A represents a -CH 2 -, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -NMe-, -0- or -S- group.
5. A compound according to any one of the preceding claims wherein D is a group of 5 formula i), and wherein R 9 is a group selected from phenyl, 2-thienyl or 2-furyl; R 1 0 is a group selected from phenyl, 2-thienyl, cyclohexyl or cyclopentyl; and R" is a hydroxy group.
6. A compound according to claim 1 which is one of: 10 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-l-methyl-1-(3-phenoxypropyl) pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(-3-phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium 15 trifluoroacetate 1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)- 1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1 -Ethyl-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -[3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 20 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1 -[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1-(2-Benzyloxyethyl)-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 1-[3-(3-Cyanophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)- 1 25 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1 yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3 (methylphenylamino)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 30 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hyd roxyacetoxy)-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulphanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3-(2,4,6 35 trimethylphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate - 53 1-[3-(2-Chlorophenoxy)propyl-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-I methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3-(3 trifluoromethylphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 5 1-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 -[3-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)propyl]-1 methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 -ethyl-1 -[3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] 10 pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -[3-(5,6,7,8 tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidiniu m trifluoroacetate 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -[3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]-1 methylpyrrolidinium formate 15 1-[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methylpyrrolidinium chloride 3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulfanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 20
7. A compound according to claim 1 which is one of: (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide 25 (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)- 1-methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolid inium bromide (3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium 30 bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-y-2-hydroxyacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulphanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate - 54 (3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -(3 phenylsulphanylpropyl)pyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate (3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide 5 (3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3R)-3-[(2S)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy-1-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-[(2S)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 10 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-[3-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]-1 methylpyrrolidinium formate (3R)-1 -[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)- 1 methylpyrrolidinium formate 15 (3R)-1-[3-(3-Cyanophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium formate (3R)-3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1 yloxy)propyl] pyrrolidinium formate (3R)-3-(2-Cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-[3 20 (methylphenylamino)propyl]pyrrolidinium chloride (3R)-1 -[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]- 1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -[3-(5,6,7,8 tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium bromide 25 (3R)-i-[3-(2-Chlorophenoxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride 3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -ethyl-1 -[3-(4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium bromide (3R)-1 -(2-Benzyloxyethyl)-3-(2-cyclohexyl-2-fur-2-yl-2-hydroxyacetoxy)- 1 30 methylpyrrolidinium bromide
8. A compound according to claim 1 which is one of: (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide 35 (diastereomer 1) - 55 (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-phenethylpyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1 *,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) 5 (1 *,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1 *,3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidinium 10 bromide (diastereomer 2) (1 *,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 -methyl-1 -(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) 15 (1 *,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) (1 *,3S)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium 20 bromide (diastereomer 1) (1*, 3R)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenylallyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3R)-1-[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) 25 (1*,3S)-1-[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1) (1*,3S)-1-[3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1 methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenylpropyl)pyrrolidinium 30 bromide (diastereomer 1) (1*, 3S)-3-(2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetoxy)-1-methyl-1-(3-phenylpropy)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*,3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1-methyl-1-(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1) -56 (1 *,3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methy-1 -(3 phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 2) (1*, 3R)- 1 -[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy] 1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 1). 5 (1*, 3R)-1 -[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)propyl]-3-[(2R)-2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy] 1-methylpyrrolidinium chloride (diastereomer 2). (1*, 3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1 -methyl-1 -[3-(5,6,7,8 tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidinium bromide (diastereomer 1). (1*, 3R)-3-[(2R)-2-Cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetoxy]-1-methyl-1-[3-(5,6,7,8 10 tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yloxy)propyl]pyrrolidin ium bromide (diastereomer 2).
9. A process for producing a compound of formula (1), as defined in any one of the preceding claims, which process comprises reacting an alkylating agent of formula R4-W with an intermediate of formula (11). R1 O< D B (CH 2 )n - A - (CH 2 )m -N O R2 R3 15 (I) wherein m, n, A, B, D, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in claim 1 and W is any suitable leaving group. 20
10. A process according to claim 9, wherein the compound of formula (II) is obtained by reaction of a compound of formula (V) 0 D L (v) wherein D is as defined in claim 1 and L is a leaving group, with a compound of formula (VI) - 57 R1 OH B (CH 2 )n -A - (CH 2 )m -- N O R2 R3 (VI) wherein m, n, A, B, D, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1.
11. A compound of formula (II), which is one of: 5 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1 -(2-phenoxyethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl ester 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-y ester 2-Hydroxy-2,2-dithien-2-ylacetic acid (3R)-1- phenethylpyrrolidin-3-yl ester 10
12. A compound of formula (VI), which is (3R)-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol.
13. A process for producing a compound of formula (1), as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, which process comprises 15 reacting an alkylating agent of formula (IV) Ri B (CH 2 )n -A - (CH 2 )m - W R2 R3 (IV) wherein m, n, A, B, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in claim 1 and W represents any suitable leaving group with an intermediate of formula (Ill) . 20 R4-N 0 (lII) - 58 wherein R4 and D are as defined in claim 1.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 5 1 to 8 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
15. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for the treatment of a pathological condition or disease susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of M3 muscarinic receptors. 10
16. Use of a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a pathological condition or disease susceptible to amelioration by antagonism of M3 muscarinic receptors. 15
17. Use according to claim 16 wherein the pathological condition is a respiratory, urological or gastrointestinal disease or disorder.
18. A method for treating a subject afflicted with a pathological condition or disease as defined in claim 16 or 17, which comprises administering to said subject an effective 20 amount of a compound as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8.
19. A combination product comprising (i) a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8; and (ii) another compound effective in the treament of a respiratory, urological or 25 gastrointestinal disease or disorder for simultaneous, separate or sequential use.
20. A combination product according to claim 19 comprising (i) a compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8; and 30 (ii) a 32 agonist, steroid, antiallergic drug, phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor and/or leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonist for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of a respiratory disease.
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