AU2002227791A1

AU2002227791A1 - A tamper evident closure

Info

Publication number: AU2002227791A1
Application number: AU2002227791A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Phillip Higgins
Original assignee: Amcor Packaging Australia Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Orora Ltd
Priority date: 2002-02-04
Filing date: 2002-02-04
Publication date: 2003-09-02
Also published as: WO2003066467A1

Description

WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 1 A TAMPER EVIDENT CLOSURE Field of the Invention 5 This invention relates to a tamper evident closure for containers. In particular, the invention relates to a tamper evident closure for specimen containers. 10 Background to the Invention Tamper evident closures are used to indicate that a container has been opened. High levels of tamper evidence are often required for medicinal or therapeutic 15 goods as well as providing uncontaminated specimens for medical testing. Particularly in the case of providing uncontaminated specimens, it is necessary to show that the 20 specimen container is initially sterile and that any sample provided in the specimen container has not been interfered with after closure of the container. The present invention is intended to provide a closure for a container that will meet these requirements. 25 The discussion of the prior art above does not form part of the common general knowledge as it exists in Australia and is not an admission to that effect. 30 Summary of the Invention According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a tamper evident closure for a container comprising: 35 an inner cap having a first tamper evident band joined to the innercap by a frangible portion for tamper evidencing engagement with the container; WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 2 an overcap having a second tamper evident band joined to the over cap by a frangible portion for tamper evidencing engagement with the container; 5 the overcap being engageable with the inner cap, and selectively movable from a first position in which the second tamper evident band is not engaged to a second position, in which the second tamper evident band engages. 10 The second tamper evident band may engage the container via the first tamper evident band. Preferably, the second tamper evident band engages the first tamper evident band while the first tamper evident band engages 15 the container. A frangible member may be provided between the inner cap and the overcap for controlling movement of the overcap from the first position to the second position. 20 The frangible member can be used to provide a visual indication of the movement of the overcap to the second position and thus engagement of the second tamper evident band. The frangible member may be part of either the overcap or inner cap. The frangible member is preferably 25 on the overcap. Preferably, the frangible member is a removable portion that is joined to the overcap by a frangible portion. The removable portion may be displaced by a 30 raised top portion in the inner cap. In this arrangement, the raised top portion pushes against the removable portion to separate the removable portion at its frangible portion from the overcap as the overcap moves to the second position. 35 The tamper evident closure of this invention can be used to provide tamper evidence as sequential stages of WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 3 use of the container. Once the closure is fitted to a container and the first tamper evident band of the inner cap is engaged with the container, removal of the closure will be evident. Thus if the container is sterile when 5 the closure is initially fitted, the breaking of the first tamper evident band indicates that the container is no longer sterile. When the closure is refitted the second tamper evident band is engaged by moving the overcap to the second position. Consequently tamper evidence is 10 provided to indicate whether the container has been reopened. In the preferred embodiment the movement of the overcap from the first to the second position results in the breaking of the frangible member that provides a visual indication that the overcap has been engaged. 15 Consequently the closure is particularly suitable for the requirements of safe and accurate testing of medical specimens. The first tamper evident band provides an indication of whether the container is sterile and suitable for the receipt of a sample. Once the sample is 20 placed in the container and the overcap moved to the second position the second tamper evident band provides indication of whether the container has been opened since the introduction of the sample. 25 The raised top portion may have a step portion for restraining movement of the overcap relative to the inner cap so that the overcap and inner cap move as a unit. The diameter of the step portion is preferably larger than the diameter of the aperture formed by 30 separation of the removable portion from the overcap. Preferably, the diameter of the raised top portion other than the step portion is less than the diameter of the aperture. In a preferred embodiment, the step portion allows the overcap to be positively retained by the top 35 raised portion. The frangible portions joining the inner cap and WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 4 the overcap with their respective tamper evident bands may have differing strengths. Preferably, the frangible portion joining the overcap and the second tamper evident band is stronger than the frangible portion joining the 5 inner cap and the first tamper evident band. This ensures that when excessive force is applied to the closure, the first tamper evident band breaks from the inner cap before the second tamper evident band breaks from the overcap. 10 The differing strengths of the frangible portions of the inner cap and overcap may be determined by varying the structure of the frangible portions of the overcap and inner cap. For example, where the frangible portions are in the form of weakened bridges, the frangible portion of 15 the overcap may comprise a larger number of bridges than the frangible portion of the inner cap. Alternatively, the bridges of the frangible portion of the overcap may have a greater thickness than the bridges of the frangible portion of the inner cap. It is preferred that the 20 overcap has more bridges than the inner cap. In a preferred embodiment, the frangible portion of the inner cap is about 20% weaker in resisting torque than the frangible portion of the overcap. 25 The first tamper evident band may have a lug portion for engaging the second tamper evident band. Preferably, the first tamper evident band has an outwardly extending lug portion. The outwardly extending lug portion may have a ramp surface for engaging the second 30 tamper evident band. The ramp surface may end in a tooth. In a preferred embodiment, the outwardly extending lug portion is annular. The first tamper evident band may have a lug 35 portion for engaging the container. Preferably, the first tamper evident band has an inwardly extending lug portion. The inwardly extending lug portion may have a ramp WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 5 surface. The ramp surface may end in a tooth. The inwardly extending lug portion may be annular. In a preferred embodiment, the inwardly extending lug portion engages an annular rim or tamper evident band retaining 5 ring on the container. The second tamper evident band may have a lug portion for engaging the first tamper evident band. Preferably, the second tamper evident band may have an 10 inwardly extending lug portion. The inwardly extending lug portion may have a ramp surface for engaging the first tamper evident band. The ramp surface may end in a tooth. In a preferred embodiment, the inwardly extending lug portion is annular. 15 Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the inwardly extending lug portion of the second tamper evident band engages the outwardly extending portion of the first tamper evident band along their respective ramp 20 surfaces and teeth so as to place the second and first tamper evident bands into engagement with each other. The overcap may have an engaging portion for engaging the inner cap. Preferably, the overcap has an 25 inward land portion. The inward land portion may be spaced from the top of the overcap. In a preferred embodiment, the inward land portion is annular. The inner cap may have an engaging portion to 30 engage the overcap. The inner cap preferably has an outwardly extending clip portion. The outwardly extending clip portion may be located near the top edge of the inner cap. In a preferred embodiment, the outwardly extending clip portion is annular. 35 Furthermore, the inward land portion preferably cams against the outwardly extending clip portion when the WO03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 6 closure is removed from the container. The inner cap may have a series of vertical ribs for engaging the overcap. The overcap may have a series of 5 vertical ribs for engaging the inner cap. In a preferred embodiment, the vertical ribs of the inner cap and the overcap engage so that the overcap and inner cap rotate together to remove the closure from the container. 10 The removable portion may be formed by a line of weakness cut into the overcap. Alternatively a weakened bridge may extend between the top removable portion and the overcap. Preferably, a series of weakened bridges extend between the circumferential edges of the top 15 removable portion and the overcap. The inner cap may have a sealing portion for engaging the lip of the container. Preferably, the sealing portion extends downwardly from the inner cap. In 20 a preferred embodiment, the sealing portion is a wedge shaped seal. Brief Description of the Drawings 25 To assist in the understanding of the invention, a preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1A is an exploded perspective view of the 30 tamper evident closure according to the invention with a container. Figure 1B is an exploded perspective view from below of the tamper evident closure of Figure IA. 35 Figure IC is an exploded side view of the tamper evident closure of Figure IA.

WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 7 Figure 2A is a side view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 1 engaged with the container. 5 Figure 2B is a cross sectional view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 1. Figure 2C is a top view of the overcap of the tamper evident closure of Figure 1. 10 Figure 3A is a side view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 1 when removed from the container for the first time. 15 Figure 3B is a cross sectional view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 3A. Figure 4A is a side view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 2 when the replaced onto the container 20 for the second time. Figure 4B is a cross sectional view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 4A. 25 Figure 4C is a top view of the overcap of the tamper evident closure of Figure 4A. Figure 5A is a side view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 3 when removed for the second time from 30 the container. Figure 5B is a cross sectional view of the tamper evident closure of Figure 5A. 35 Figure 5C is a top view of the overcap of the tamper evident closure of Figure 5A.

WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 8 Referring to Figures 1A, 1B and IC, there is provided a tamper evident closure 1 according to the invention. The closure 1 comprises two separate caps, an overcap 3 and an inner cap 4. The closure 1 fits over 5 container 2 for use as a specimen container. Referring to Figures IB and 1C in particular, the inner cap 4 has a series of vertical ribs 32 for engaging the overcap 3. The overcap 3 has a corresponding series of vertical ribs 33 for engaging the inner cap 4. The vertical ribs 32 and 33 10 of the inner cap 4 and the overcap 3 engage so that the overcap 3 and inner cap 4 rotate together to remove the closure 1 from the container. Referring to Figures 2A and 2B, the overcap 3 has 15 an inward annular land portion 5 for engaging the inner cap 4 located near the top 7 of the overcap 3. The overcap top 7 has a removable disc 9 which is connected to top 7 by a series of frangible bridges 11. The removable disc 9 is shown in Figure 2C. Both the overcap top 7 and 20 the disc 9 may have written instructions moulded into their respective exterior surfaces to instruct a user. The overcap 3 has a second tamper evident band 13 extending from its lower end opposite to top 7 and joined 25 to the overcap 3 by a series of frangible bridges 15 located along the circumference of the second tamper evident band 13. Second tamper evident band 13 has an inwardly extending lug portion 17 comprising a ramp surface 19 ending in a tooth 21. 30 The inner cap 4 has an outwardly extending annular clip portion 6 at its top edge for engaging the inward land portion 5 of the overcap 3. The inner cap 4 has a wedge seal 8 for engaging the lip of container 2. 35 The inner cap 4 has a raised top portion 10, which may also have written instructions or a written WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 9 warning (as illustrated in Figure 4C) moulded into its exterior surface. The top raised portion 10 is roughly cylindrical in shape to correspond to the circular profile of disc 9 in the overcap 3. The raised top portion 10 5 has a step portion 30 which has a diameter larger than the diameter of the aperture formed when the disc 9 is removed from top 7 of the overcap 3. In contrast, the top raised portion 10 has a diameter that is slightly smaller than the aperture formed by removal of disc 9. The step 10 portion 30 restrains movement of the overcap 3 upwards along the inner cap 4, allowing the overcap 3 to be positively retained by top raised portion 10 so that the overcap 3 and inner cap 4 move as a single unit. 15 The inner cap 4 has a first tamper evident band 12 extending from its lower end opposite to raised top portion 10 and joined to the inner cap 4 by a series of frangible bridges 14 located along the circumference of the first tamper evident band 12. First tamper evident 20 band 12 has an outwardly extending lug portion 16 and an inwardly extending lug portion 22. The outwardly extending lug portion 16 has ramp surface 18 ending in a tooth 20. Similarly, inwardly extending lug portion 22 has ramp surface 24 ending in a tooth 26. 25 The number of frangible bridges 15 between the overcap 3 and its tamper evident band 13 is greater than the number of frangible bridges 14 between the inner cap 4 and its tamper evident band 12. Consequently, the 30 connection between the overcap 3 and tamper evident band 13 is stronger than the connection between the inner cap 4 and the tamper evident band 12. This means that should a user apply excessive force to the closure 1 in operation, the tamper evident band 12 will break from the inner cap 4 35 before the tamper evident band 13 breaks from the overcap 3. The bridges 15 of the overcap 3 are designed to break under an applied torque of about 10 inch pounds whereas WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 10 the bridges 14 are designed to break under an applied torque of about 8 inch pounds. When the overcap 3 is fitted onto inner cap 4, 5 the land portion 5 of the overcap 3 lies adjacent to the clip portion 6 of the inner cap 4. The inwardly extending lug portion 17 of the second tamper evident band 13 is initially adjacent to the outwardly extending lug portion 16 of the first tamper evident band 12 via their 10 respective ramp surfaces 19 and 18. In addition, downwardly extending wedge seal 8 of the inner cap 4 engages the lip of the container 2 to form a tight seal to keep the inside of the container 2 sterile. 15 In operation, the tamper evident closure 1 is assembled by fitting overcap 3 onto inner cap 4. The closure 1 is then fitted onto the container 2 by internal screw thread 26 on the inner cap 4 engaging corresponding external screw thread 23 on the container 2, as shown in 20 Figure 2B. At this stage, the inwardly extending lug potion 22 of the first tamper evident band 12 lies below annular rim 23 on the container 2. When a user is to provide a sample to be placed 25 inside the container 2, the closure 1 is unscrewed, causing land portion 5 to abut and cam against clip portion 6. This pulls the first tamper evident band 12 upward and the inwardly extending lug portion 22 engages the annular rim 23 of the container 2. Consequently, the 30 frangible bridges 14 between the first tamper evident band 12 and the inner cap 4 break. Thus, the closure 1 is removed from the container 2 with the first tamper evident band 12 left resting on land portion 25 of the container 2, as shown in Figure 3B. The first tamper evident band 35 12 indicates that the wedge seal 8 on the closure 1 and the container 2 has been removed and so the container 2 is no longer sterile.

WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 11 Once the sample is provided and placed within container 2, the user then screws the closure 1 back onto the container 2. As shown in Figures 4B and 4C, this 5 forces the overcap top 7 onto the raised top portion 10, causing frangible bridges 11 to break and dislodging removable disc 9 from the closure 1. Although the step portion 30 has a larger diameter than the diameter of the aperture formed by removal of disc 9, the edges of the 10 overcap 3 which define the aperture flex, allowing the step portion 30 to extend through the aperture. After step portion 30 passes through the aperture, the edges flex back and the raised top portion 10 extends through the aperture so that the exterior surface of the raised 15 top portion 10 is revealed. Consequently, as the diameter of the raised top portion 10 (other than step portion 30) is less than the diameter of the aperture,the overcap 3 (and second tamper evident band 13) moves further downward along the container neck than its initial position shown 20 at Figure 2B. In addition, the step portion 30 restrains movement of the overcap 3 upwards along the inner cap 4, ensuring that the overcap 8 is positively retained by top raised portion 10. Accordingly, the overcap 3 and inner cap 4 move as a single unit. 25 As the overcap 3 and inner cap 4 are made from different coloured plastic, this notifies that a sample has been placed within the container 2. As shown in Figure 4C, a suitable written or graphic warning on the 30 exterior surface of raised portion 10 of the inner cap 4 also indicates that a sample is held within the container 2. In addition, as the second tamper evident band 13 has not been broken this indicates that the container 2 has not been tampered or interfered with after provision of 35 the sample. Again referring to Figure 4B, replacing the WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 12 closure 1 onto the container 2 also results in the inwardly extending lug portion 17 of the overcap 3 engaging the outwardly extending lug portion 16 of the first tamper evident band 12 along their respective ramp 5 surfaces 19 and 18. As the overcap 3 extends further than its initial position, the inwardly extending lug portion 17 cams over the outwardly extending lug portion 16 until the tooth 21 of the inwardly extending lug portion 17 engages the tooth 20 of the outwardly extending lug 10 portion 16. This secures the second tamper evident band 13 adjacent to the first tamper evident band 12. When the sample is to be accessed for testing, the closure 1 is again unscrewed from container 2. This 15 action moves the second tamper evident band 13 upward and the inwardly extending lug portion 13 engages the outwardly extending lug portion 16 at their respective teeth 21 and 20. As the flat surfaces of the teeth 21 and 20 prevent further relative movement between the lug 20 portions 13 and 16, the upward force breaks the frangible bridges 15 between the second tamper evident band 13 and the overcap 3. The closure 1 is then removed from the container 2 and the second tamper evident band 13 pulls free from the overcap 3 and rests on the land portion 25 25 of the container. The removal of the second tamper evident band 13 indicates that the container 2 has been opened and the sample has either been contaminated or tested. 30 The overcap and inner cap are preferably made separately and later assembled form the closure. Preferably, the overcap and inner cap are made of plastic as this allows the overcap and inner cap to be easily moulded. In addition, separate production of the overcap 35 and the inner cap allows for different coloured plastics to be used for the overcap and inner cap, thereby assisting indication that the container 2 has a sample.

WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 13 The word "comprises", "comprising" and any variants thereof are intended to be used in its inclusive sense and in no way is intended to limit the features of 5 the invention. It is understood that various modifications, alterations, variations and additions to the construction and arrangement of the embodiment described herein are 10 considered as falling within the ambit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tamper evident closure for a container comprising: 5 an inner cap having a first tamper evident band joined to the inner cap by a frangible portion for tamper evidencing engagement with the container; 10 an overcap having a second tamper evident band joined to the overcap by a frangible portion for tamper evidencing engagement with the container; the overcap being engageable with the inner cap, 15 and selectively movable from a first position in which the second tamper evident band is not engaged with the container to a second position in which the second tamper evident band engages the container. 20

2. The closure defined in claim 1 wherein the second tamper evident band engages the container via the first tamper evident band.

3. The closure defined in claim 2 wherein the second 25 tamper evident band engages the first tamper evident band while the first tamper evident band engages the container.

4. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims further includes a frangible member between the 30 inner cap and the overcap for controlling movement of the overcap from the first position to the second position.

5. The closure defined in claim 4 wherein the frangible member provides a visual indication of the 35 movement of the overcap to the second position and thus engagement of the second tamper evident band with the container. WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 15

6. The closure defined in claim 4 or claim 5 wherein the frangible member is part of the overcap. 5

7. The closure defined in claim 6 wherein the frangible member is a removable portion that is joined to the overcap by a frangible portion.

8. The closure defined in claim 7 wherein the inner 10 cap includes a raised top portion for separating the removable portion from the overcap.

9. The closure defined in claim 8 wherein the raised top portion has a step portion for restraining movement of 15 the overcap relative to the inner cap so that the overcap and the inner cap move as a unit when the raised top portion has separated the removable portion from the overcap. 20

10. The closure defined in claim 9 wherein the diameter of the step portion is larger than the diameter of an aperture formed by separation of the removable portion from the overcap whereby the step portion allows the overcap to be positively retained by the raised top 25 portion when the raised top portion has separated the removable portion from the overcap.

11. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims whereby the frangible portions joining the inner 30 cap and the overcap with their respective tamper evident bands have differing strengths.

12. The closure defined in claim 11 wherein the frangible portion joining the overcap and the second 35 tamper evident band is stronger than the frangible portion joining the inner cap and the first tamper evident band thereby ensuring that when excessive force is applied to WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 16 the closure the first tamper evident band breaks from the inner cap before the second tamper evident band breaks from the overcap. 5

13. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein the first tamper evident band has a lug portion for engaging the second tamper evident band.

14. The closure defined in claim 14 wherein the first 10 tamper evident band has an outwardly extending lug portion.

15. The closure defined in claim 15 wherein the outwardly extending lug portion has a ramp surface for 15 engaging the second tamper evident band.

16. The closure defined in claim 14 or claim 15 wherein the outwardly extending lug portion is annular. 20

17. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein the first tamper evident band has a lug portion for engaging the container.

18. The closure defined in claim 17 wherein the first 25 tamper evident band has an inwardly extending lug portion.

19. The closure defined in claim 18 wherein the inwardly extending lug portion has a ramp surface. 30

20. The closure defined in claim 18 or claim 19 wherein the inwardly extending lug portion is annular.

21. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein the second tamper evident band has a lug 35 portion for engaging the first tamper evident band.

22. The closure defined in claim 21 wherein the WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 17 second tamper evident band has an inwardly extending lug portion.

23. The closure defined in claim 22 wherein the 5 inwardly extending lug portion has a ramp surface for engaging the first tamper evident band.

24. The closure defined in claim 22 or claim 23 wherein the inwardly extending long portion is annular. 10

25. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein the overcap has an engaging portion for engaging the inner cap. 15

26. The closure defined in claim 25 wherein the overcap has an inward land portion.

27. The closure defined in claim 26 wherein the inward land portion is annular. 20

28. The closure defined in any one of claims 25 to 27 wherein the inner cap has an engaging portion for engaging the overcap. 25

29. The closure defined in claim 28 wherein the engaging portion of the inner cap is an outwardly extending clip portion located near a top edge of the inner cap.

30 30. The closure defined in claim 29 wherein the outwardly extending clip portion is annular.

31. The closure defined in claim 29 or claim 30 wherein the inward land portion of the overcap about 35 against the outwardly extending clip portion of the inner cap when the closure is removed from the container and thereby moves the inner cap upwardly with the overcap. WO 03/066467 PCT/AU02/00105 - 18

32. The closure defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein the inner cap has a series of vertical ribs for engaging the overcap and the overcap has a series of 5 vertical ribs for engaging the inner cap so that the overcap and the inner cap rotate together to remove the closure from the container.