CA1283628C - Tamper-resistant press and turn closure - Google Patents
Tamper-resistant press and turn closureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1283628C CA1283628C CA000453926A CA453926A CA1283628C CA 1283628 C CA1283628 C CA 1283628C CA 000453926 A CA000453926 A CA 000453926A CA 453926 A CA453926 A CA 453926A CA 1283628 C CA1283628 C CA 1283628C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- container
- safety band
- cap
- skirt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D50/00—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures
- B65D50/02—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions
- B65D50/04—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one
- B65D50/041—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one the closure comprising nested inner and outer caps or an inner cap and an outer coaxial annular member, which can be brought into engagement to enable removal by rotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
- B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
- B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
- B65D41/3442—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container
- B65D41/3447—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
- B65D41/3452—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges with drive means between closure and tamper element
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This invention comprises a press and turn closure with a child-resistant press and turn feature within which the closure is also provided with tamper-resistant means including a safety band connected to the press and turn part of the closure by frangible means.
This invention comprises a press and turn closure with a child-resistant press and turn feature within which the closure is also provided with tamper-resistant means including a safety band connected to the press and turn part of the closure by frangible means.
Description
~36~8 TAMPER-RESISTANT PRESS AND TURN CLOSURE
This invention i3 concerned with ~he provision of a child-re~i~tant and tamper-resistant clo~ure for a container.
Zeller Plaqtik in their ~ri~ish Patent No. 1,529,999 have described a very effec~ive child resi tant closure which works on a press and turn principle. That closure can be screwed on to the neck of a container to close the mouth but it cannot be unscrewed without at the same time applying top pressure to the closure. This invention uses the features of the press and turn closure as described in Patent No~ 1,529,999 as the child-resistant feature.
In more detail Patent No. 1,529,999 provides a child-resistant press and turn clo ure for a container having an externally screw-threaded neck, the closure being made rom pla6tics material and comprising a screw cap and overcap being relatively ~ovable both axially and angularly, projections on one of said caps and co-operating projections or recesses on or in tbe other of said caps, said projections or recesses having irst faces on one side thereof which co-operate to transmit rotational movement from the overcap to ~he ~crew cap when the overcap is rotated in a direction to Acrew the clo~ure onto the neck of a ~aid container and second faces on the oppo~it ~ides thereof, the ~econd face of each projection or recess of one of said caps being a cam face whereby, in use, the overcap will rotate relative to the 83~8 screw cap with said projections or recesses of the different caps camming past one another when the overcap is rotated in a direction to unscrew the closure from the neck of a said container unless the overcap is moved axially relative to the screw cap SQ that each said cam face is engaged by an edge of the second face of a projection or recess of the other cap with a force sufficient to overcome the cam action.
The press and turn closure is very efficient as a child-resistant closure but it is not tamper-resistant and recent events in USA have shown that it is desirable to sell certain products e.g. food, medicaments, toilet preparations and so on in containers with tamper-resistant closures so that purchas0rs can see whether the container has been opened. However, once opened legitimately by the purchaser, it is essential with products hazardous to children that the package remains child-resistant. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a press and turn closure with a tamper-resistant feature.
According to the present invention there is provided a press and turn closure with a child-resistant press and turn feature characterized in that the closure is also provided with tamper-resistant means including a tamper-evident band connected to the press and turn part of the closure by frangible means.
In one embodiment when the closure is in position the tamper-evident band may be held down by engagement with an ~836~8 annular projection on an associated container so that when closure is removed the frangible means, which connect the band to the skirt of the screw cap of the press and turn part of the closure, are broken. In another similar embodiment the tamper-evident band is connected by the frangible means to the skirt of the overcap. In each embodiment the upper edge of the tamper-evident band is provided with serrations or fine teeth for co-operation with serrations or fine teeth on the skirt to which the tamper-evident band is connected.
Each of the two embodiments may be assembled and applied to the container in one screwing-on operation.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference is now directed to the accompanying drawings given by way of example in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a first embodiment of the invention, and Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation of a second embodiment of the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, the closure may conveniently be divided into two parts, firstly a child-resistant part disposed above the arrow A and secondly a tamper-resistant part disposed below the arrow A.
The child-resistant part is a standard press and turn closure as described in UK Patent No. 1,529,999 and comprises an overcap 1 and a screw cap 2, the screw cap 2 can move axially within the overcap 1 and when once in position on the lB ,.7~
~2~33~
neck of a container 3 overcap 1 can be turned freely in relation to the screw cap 2 as long as projections on the screw cap and the overcap are not caused to interlock by the application of axial pressure to the overcap. Full details of the construction and operation of the press and turn closure are given in UK Patent 1,529,999 and so further description will not be given here.
To provide a tamper-evident feature for the closure the screw cap 2 has a tamper-evident band 4 connected to the bottom of the skirt of the screw cap 2 by frangible bridge members 5 disposed in gaps 6 in the band 4. ~he band 4 also has an internal annular bead 7 to engage below an external annular bead 8 on the neck of the container 3. The lower edge of the skirt of the screw cap 2 has serrations or fine teeth 9 to engage ~ith serrations or fine teeth 10 on the upper edge of the band 4 when the closure is being screwed onto the container.
In operation the closure is applied to the mouth of the container and is screwed on in the usual way. The act of screwing the closure onto the container causes the L~
.... . . .
83 6~8 screw cap 2 to move slightly towards the band 4 due to pressure being applied to the closure and this causes the fine teeth or serrations 9 to engage positively with the fine teeth or serrations 10 on the band 4 so that the band 5 4 turns with the screw cap 2 ~nd the bridge members 5 flex but do not break. At the end of the movement of the closure the bead 7 passes over t~e bead 8 and snaps into I position below the bead 8 as shown in Figure 1. When the clos~re is to be unscrewed axial downward pressure is applied to the closure so that the projections or engaging ; dogs with matching recesses on the screw cap 2 with the overcap 1 begin to rise. However the band 4 resists turning, because the bead 7 has settled firmly below the bead 8. The frangible bridge members 5 therefore break as the closure is being removed.
It will therefore be understood that if a closure is in position with the bridge members S intact that gives-evidence that the closure almost certainly has not previously been removed but if ~he bridge members 5 are broken the closure has probably been removed an~ the contents of the container may have been tampered with or contaminated.
In order to minimise the risk of a child removing the overcap altogether the overcap has an annular projection 11 ., .
-` lZ~3~8 which, in operative position, is disposed below an annular projection 12 on the screw cap in such a position that the overcap 1 can undergo lim;ted upward and downward movement relatively to the screw cap 2, in the manner described in greater detail in UK Patent No. 15~9999.
It will be noted that the bridge members S have a reduced or weakened p~rtion at their point of connection to the skirt of the screw cap 2. An annular deformable ssealing member is arranged for co-operation with the rim around the mouth of the container 3 as shown in the drawing.
The second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment in that the tamper-evident band 4 is connected to the overcap 1 instead of to the screw cap 2.
Ihe same references are used in Figure 2 as in ~igure 1, for the same parts. When the closure is applied to the container the fine teeth or serrations 9 engage wqth the fine teeth or serrations 10 and the band 4 turns ~ith the screw cap 2 until the bead 7 is in the position shown in Figure 2, below the bead 8 on the container 3.
Alternatively, the screw cap 2 can be first applied and the overcap 1 can be applied by top pressure only as a secondary sealing operation. When axial pressure is applied ~o the overcap 1 and the closure is turned to ~ ~33~
unscrew it 9 the bead 7 engages with the bead 8 as the overcap 1 is moved upwardly and the band 4 is held down so that the frangible bridge members break as in the first embodiment.
The closure in both its embodiments is preferably made of a suitable resilient plastics material by a moulding operation and as shown we prefer to provide the overcap with vertical serrationsO The container is preferably made of glass with a special neck profile, as shown, for co-operation with ~he closure, but can9 of course, be made from any appropriate alternatives moulded in various plastic materials or fabricated in aluminium or sheet metal.
This invention i3 concerned with ~he provision of a child-re~i~tant and tamper-resistant clo~ure for a container.
Zeller Plaqtik in their ~ri~ish Patent No. 1,529,999 have described a very effec~ive child resi tant closure which works on a press and turn principle. That closure can be screwed on to the neck of a container to close the mouth but it cannot be unscrewed without at the same time applying top pressure to the closure. This invention uses the features of the press and turn closure as described in Patent No~ 1,529,999 as the child-resistant feature.
In more detail Patent No. 1,529,999 provides a child-resistant press and turn clo ure for a container having an externally screw-threaded neck, the closure being made rom pla6tics material and comprising a screw cap and overcap being relatively ~ovable both axially and angularly, projections on one of said caps and co-operating projections or recesses on or in tbe other of said caps, said projections or recesses having irst faces on one side thereof which co-operate to transmit rotational movement from the overcap to ~he ~crew cap when the overcap is rotated in a direction to Acrew the clo~ure onto the neck of a ~aid container and second faces on the oppo~it ~ides thereof, the ~econd face of each projection or recess of one of said caps being a cam face whereby, in use, the overcap will rotate relative to the 83~8 screw cap with said projections or recesses of the different caps camming past one another when the overcap is rotated in a direction to unscrew the closure from the neck of a said container unless the overcap is moved axially relative to the screw cap SQ that each said cam face is engaged by an edge of the second face of a projection or recess of the other cap with a force sufficient to overcome the cam action.
The press and turn closure is very efficient as a child-resistant closure but it is not tamper-resistant and recent events in USA have shown that it is desirable to sell certain products e.g. food, medicaments, toilet preparations and so on in containers with tamper-resistant closures so that purchas0rs can see whether the container has been opened. However, once opened legitimately by the purchaser, it is essential with products hazardous to children that the package remains child-resistant. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a press and turn closure with a tamper-resistant feature.
According to the present invention there is provided a press and turn closure with a child-resistant press and turn feature characterized in that the closure is also provided with tamper-resistant means including a tamper-evident band connected to the press and turn part of the closure by frangible means.
In one embodiment when the closure is in position the tamper-evident band may be held down by engagement with an ~836~8 annular projection on an associated container so that when closure is removed the frangible means, which connect the band to the skirt of the screw cap of the press and turn part of the closure, are broken. In another similar embodiment the tamper-evident band is connected by the frangible means to the skirt of the overcap. In each embodiment the upper edge of the tamper-evident band is provided with serrations or fine teeth for co-operation with serrations or fine teeth on the skirt to which the tamper-evident band is connected.
Each of the two embodiments may be assembled and applied to the container in one screwing-on operation.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood reference is now directed to the accompanying drawings given by way of example in which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a first embodiment of the invention, and Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation of a second embodiment of the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, the closure may conveniently be divided into two parts, firstly a child-resistant part disposed above the arrow A and secondly a tamper-resistant part disposed below the arrow A.
The child-resistant part is a standard press and turn closure as described in UK Patent No. 1,529,999 and comprises an overcap 1 and a screw cap 2, the screw cap 2 can move axially within the overcap 1 and when once in position on the lB ,.7~
~2~33~
neck of a container 3 overcap 1 can be turned freely in relation to the screw cap 2 as long as projections on the screw cap and the overcap are not caused to interlock by the application of axial pressure to the overcap. Full details of the construction and operation of the press and turn closure are given in UK Patent 1,529,999 and so further description will not be given here.
To provide a tamper-evident feature for the closure the screw cap 2 has a tamper-evident band 4 connected to the bottom of the skirt of the screw cap 2 by frangible bridge members 5 disposed in gaps 6 in the band 4. ~he band 4 also has an internal annular bead 7 to engage below an external annular bead 8 on the neck of the container 3. The lower edge of the skirt of the screw cap 2 has serrations or fine teeth 9 to engage ~ith serrations or fine teeth 10 on the upper edge of the band 4 when the closure is being screwed onto the container.
In operation the closure is applied to the mouth of the container and is screwed on in the usual way. The act of screwing the closure onto the container causes the L~
.... . . .
83 6~8 screw cap 2 to move slightly towards the band 4 due to pressure being applied to the closure and this causes the fine teeth or serrations 9 to engage positively with the fine teeth or serrations 10 on the band 4 so that the band 5 4 turns with the screw cap 2 ~nd the bridge members 5 flex but do not break. At the end of the movement of the closure the bead 7 passes over t~e bead 8 and snaps into I position below the bead 8 as shown in Figure 1. When the clos~re is to be unscrewed axial downward pressure is applied to the closure so that the projections or engaging ; dogs with matching recesses on the screw cap 2 with the overcap 1 begin to rise. However the band 4 resists turning, because the bead 7 has settled firmly below the bead 8. The frangible bridge members 5 therefore break as the closure is being removed.
It will therefore be understood that if a closure is in position with the bridge members S intact that gives-evidence that the closure almost certainly has not previously been removed but if ~he bridge members 5 are broken the closure has probably been removed an~ the contents of the container may have been tampered with or contaminated.
In order to minimise the risk of a child removing the overcap altogether the overcap has an annular projection 11 ., .
-` lZ~3~8 which, in operative position, is disposed below an annular projection 12 on the screw cap in such a position that the overcap 1 can undergo lim;ted upward and downward movement relatively to the screw cap 2, in the manner described in greater detail in UK Patent No. 15~9999.
It will be noted that the bridge members S have a reduced or weakened p~rtion at their point of connection to the skirt of the screw cap 2. An annular deformable ssealing member is arranged for co-operation with the rim around the mouth of the container 3 as shown in the drawing.
The second embodiment of the invention differs from the first embodiment in that the tamper-evident band 4 is connected to the overcap 1 instead of to the screw cap 2.
Ihe same references are used in Figure 2 as in ~igure 1, for the same parts. When the closure is applied to the container the fine teeth or serrations 9 engage wqth the fine teeth or serrations 10 and the band 4 turns ~ith the screw cap 2 until the bead 7 is in the position shown in Figure 2, below the bead 8 on the container 3.
Alternatively, the screw cap 2 can be first applied and the overcap 1 can be applied by top pressure only as a secondary sealing operation. When axial pressure is applied ~o the overcap 1 and the closure is turned to ~ ~33~
unscrew it 9 the bead 7 engages with the bead 8 as the overcap 1 is moved upwardly and the band 4 is held down so that the frangible bridge members break as in the first embodiment.
The closure in both its embodiments is preferably made of a suitable resilient plastics material by a moulding operation and as shown we prefer to provide the overcap with vertical serrationsO The container is preferably made of glass with a special neck profile, as shown, for co-operation with ~he closure, but can9 of course, be made from any appropriate alternatives moulded in various plastic materials or fabricated in aluminium or sheet metal.
Claims (7)
1. A closure with a child resistant press and turn feature for closing the mouth of a container having a screw-neck finish wherein the closure has an inner screw-cap with a depending inner skirt adapted to engage with the screw-neck of the container, an outer overcap with an outer skirt surrounding the screw-cap and, a tamper evident safety band held in position by frangible means and drive means on the inner screw-cap and the outer overcap of the closure which are interengageable with one another in use to allow the inner screw cap to be unscrewed from the container only when the safety band has been removed and only by relative axial engagement between the outer overcap and the inner screw-cap during unscrewing, whereby the closure is tamper-evident and child resistant until the separation of the safety band after which the closure is still child resistant when the closure is replaced on the container and wherein the safety band is adapted, when in position, to engage with the container to form anchor means and to be held down thereby so that the closure can, if desired, be used with a container with a substantially cylindrical outer profile i.e. without a projecting collar and wherein the upper edge of the safety band is provided with fine teeth for co-operation with fine teeth on the lower edge of the skirt to which the safety band is connected.
2. A closure according to Claim 1 characterized in that the safety band is held down against upward movement by engagement with an annular projection on an associated container so that when the closure is removed frangible means are broken.
3. A closure according to Claim 1 characterized in that the safety band is connected by the frangible means to the skirt of the inner screw cap to the press and turn part of the closure.
4. A closure according to Claim 1 characterized in that the inner screw cap of the press and turn part of the closure has tamper evident safety band connected to the bottom of the skirt of the screw cap by frangible bridge members disposed in gaps in the safety band.
5. A closure according to Claim 4 characterized in that the band has an internal annular bead to engage below an external annular bead on the neck of an associated container.
6. A closure according to Claim 1 characterized in that the overcap has an annular projection which, in operative position, is disposed below an annular projection on the screw cap.
7. A closure according to Claim 1 wherein the frangible means have a reduced portion at their point of connection to the skirt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838312691A GB8312691D0 (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1983-05-09 | Tamper-resistant turn-lock closure |
| GB8,312,691 | 1983-05-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1283628C true CA1283628C (en) | 1991-04-30 |
Family
ID=10542403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000453926A Expired - Fee Related CA1283628C (en) | 1983-05-09 | 1984-05-09 | Tamper-resistant press and turn closure |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0127943B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU563242B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1283628C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3462473D1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8312691D0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA843474B (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8507480D0 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1985-05-01 | Grundy Teddington Ltd | Security outlet fitting |
| FR2616757B1 (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1990-03-23 | Novembal Sa | PROTECTIVE SCREW CAP |
| GB2210360A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-06-07 | Vere Athol Williamson | Safety caps |
| IT1220581B (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1990-06-15 | Invat Srl | CAP FOR CONTAINERS FORMED BY TWO ELEMENTS ENCLOSED BETWEEN THEM WITH HIGH GUARANTEE AGAINST TAMPERING |
| FR2677614A1 (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-18 | Bonet Jose Collado Sa | Improved safety stopper |
| FR2706869A1 (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1994-12-30 | Capsules Metalliques Ste Lorra | Device for obturating a container |
| DE60224731T2 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2009-01-22 | Bormioli Rocco & Figlio S.p.A., Fidenza | CHILDREN-LOCKED CAP WITH SAFETY STRIPS |
| MY137973A (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | A tamper-evident closure |
| GB0608433D0 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2006-06-07 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | Closure with RFID device |
| FR2916741B1 (en) | 2007-05-29 | 2009-08-28 | Airsec Soc Par Actions Simplif | CHILD SAFETY CLOSURE DEVICE WITH A SCREW AND A FIRST-OPEN WINDOW RING |
| GB2450940B (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2011-11-30 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | Tamper-evident closure |
| GB2450939B (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2012-02-01 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | Tamper-Evident closure |
| GB0721330D0 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2007-12-12 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | Tamper Evident closure |
| GB0806190D0 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2008-05-14 | Obrist Closures Switzerland | A closure |
| USD630093S1 (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2011-01-04 | Obrist Closures Switzerland Gmbh | Closure |
| EP3081506B1 (en) | 2011-05-31 | 2018-08-01 | Carmel Pharma AB | A tamper resistant lid, an assembly comprising said lid and a method of sealing a container with said lid |
| TWI688980B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-03-21 | 尚圃股份有限公司 | Rotary push switch with touch screen |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1536439A (en) * | 1967-07-06 | 1968-08-16 | Device for extinguishing cigarettes | |
| FR1581775A (en) * | 1968-08-05 | 1969-09-19 | ||
| US3837518A (en) * | 1972-11-30 | 1974-09-24 | Sunbeam Plastics Corp | Tamper-proof and child-proof medicine bottle or the like |
| GB1529999A (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1978-10-25 | Zeller Plastik Koehn Graebner | Child-resistant press-and-turn closure |
| EP0080846B1 (en) * | 1981-11-30 | 1985-08-07 | Johnsen & Jorgensen (Plastics) Limited | Tamper-resistant screw closure |
-
1983
- 1983-05-09 GB GB838312691A patent/GB8312691D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-05-01 DE DE8484302933T patent/DE3462473D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-01 EP EP84302933A patent/EP0127943B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-03 AU AU27646/84A patent/AU563242B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-05-09 ZA ZA843474A patent/ZA843474B/en unknown
- 1984-05-09 CA CA000453926A patent/CA1283628C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3462473D1 (en) | 1987-04-09 |
| EP0127943A1 (en) | 1984-12-12 |
| AU563242B2 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
| EP0127943B1 (en) | 1987-03-04 |
| AU2764684A (en) | 1984-11-15 |
| ZA843474B (en) | 1985-06-26 |
| GB8312691D0 (en) | 1983-06-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |