AU1360202A - Calcium aluminate mortar for use in a shotcrete wet process - Google Patents
Calcium aluminate mortar for use in a shotcrete wet process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU1360202A AU1360202A AU13602/02A AU1360202A AU1360202A AU 1360202 A AU1360202 A AU 1360202A AU 13602/02 A AU13602/02 A AU 13602/02A AU 1360202 A AU1360202 A AU 1360202A AU 1360202 A AU1360202 A AU 1360202A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- binder
- aggregate
- wet process
- calcium aluminate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
- C04B2111/00172—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite by the wet process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/23—Acid resistance, e.g. against acid air or rain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials
Description
P/00/011 28/5/91 Reg ulafion 3.2(2)
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Application Number: Lodged: Invention Title: CALCIUM ALUMINATE MORTAR FOR USE IN A SHOTCRETE WET
PROCESS
The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to :-us The present invention relates to a mortar composition comprising a calcium aluminate based binder and an aggregate, to a concrete composition prepared therefrom and to the use thereof, notably in a shotcrete wet process, for example, in the rehabilitation, notably by lining/relining, of sewerage and drainage systems, pipes, manholes, and associated structures.
At regular intervals it is necessary to rehabilitate pipes, manholes and associated structures in sewerage and drainage systems. The water loaded with organic "matter circulating in these pipes causes via biological actions the formation of very aggressive acids. Generally such equipment as pipes are made of cast or concrete, sometimes optionally coated with a protective material .ll..i such as for example PVC (polyvinylchloride), HDPE (high density polyethylene), epoxy resin, etc but such equipment as pipes may also be made of PVC thus problems arise for their replacement, which sometimes remain unsolved).
These pipes have in general a small diameter, in contrast to the sewerage systems with higher diameters higher than 500 mm which are rather made of cast or concrete.
Most of the tanks, accumulation chambers, manholes are out of concrete and therefore must be often rehabilitated due to corrosion by city supply waters and factory waste waters.
A successful way of rehabilitating the sewerage systems is to use mortars, having numerous known advantages. They are generally of low cost, simple to handle, allow recovering the initial geometry of the pipes, and improving the structure resistance. Furthermore, if needed, after several years of restarting, new rehabilitation may be achieved with a new mortar. Mortars allowing a quick restarting, such as Portland cement or in particular calcium aluminate cimentitious mortar, are preferred for evident reasons.
In fact, there remain problems to be solved when dealing with formulations of quick setting mortars as the main process generally chosen for the rehabilitation is the so-called shotcrete process, which is preferred to cast, for example, when framework conditions are difficult due to the geometry of the constructions.
The choice of shotcrete process mode, dry or wet, depends on different factors such as the need to avoid formation of dust in a confined atmosphere, a long time of transfer in function of the distance, the type of works tools S* available onsites, mechanical performances of the projected material, productivity linked economic considerations, etc. The type of process is finally determined after considering the general worksite constraints.
Other important problems encountered when formulating a mortar for shotcrete applications, to name a *few, are the absences of sufficient cohesion of the projected mortar. A poor paste/aggregate binding is also 20 one of the prerequisites for good resistance to corrosion.
In a shotcrete wet process a mixture is generally firstly formed by mixing binder (cement), aggregate (granulates, generally crystalline silica (siliceous) sand, .:mixing water and additives. This mixture is then usually displaced by a pump in a pipe towards a spraying nozzle whereat an additive such as a setting accelerator is generally added. The thus obtained mixture is sprayed from the nozzle by means of compressed air onto the surface to be concreted.
The known problems encountered in such a shotcrete wet process, to name just a few, are the following Smortar formulation must be in a pumpable (flowable) and sprayable state while ensuring an efficient adhesion to the surface to be concreted premature setting often cause the mortar to block the pipe conveying the formulation to the spraying nozzle and presence of excess water in the initial mortar mixture causes the latter to segregate and insufficient mixture compactness is achieved moreover water not consumed during hydration results in reduction of thickness of the layer sprayed in one run.
Bonded aggregate compositions to be used in a shotcrete wet process generally comprise a suitable, generally calcium silicate based aggregate, bound by a binder(cement). Conventional rapid hardening cements for bonding aggregates include aluminous binders, generally containing at least 30 to 35 alumina or Portland cements, containing generally less than 5 alumina.
According to the present inventors, no mortars obtained by mixing such conventional binders and S.aggregates have proven satisfactory to prepare a concrete composition for use in a shotcrete wet process.
20 Therefore applicant identified the need of an improved mortar over the prior art mortars, a new concrete composition prepared therefrom and a shotcrete dry process making use thereof.
Accordingly, the main objects of the present invention are to provide an improved mortar over the prior art mortars, the concrete composition prepared therefrom and uses thereof specially in a shotcrete wet process.
Thus the present invention relates in its first aspect to a mortar comprising a mixture of a calcium aluminate binder having more than about 40% by weight alumina and an aggregate of appropriate grain size characterised in that said aggregate is a calcium aluminate aggregate having a grain size lower than 1.4 mm and at least about 35 by weight of said mixture presents a grain size smaller than about 100 pm.
Yet it is known from document EP 0.690.258 a calcium aluminate based mortar. Such a mortar is applied to the interior surface of pipes which are then rotated at about 500 to 700 rpm for about 8 to about 40 seconds.
After centrifuging, this mortar is subjected to a drying at about 600C. The centrifuge effect combined to the drying ensures an adhesion of the mortar to a cast or iron pipe.
However, such a mortar is not at all suited for the preparation of a concrete composition to be used in a S. 10 shotcrete wet process and is inappropriate for use notably the rehabilitating of sewerage systems and associated structures already in place onsites.
Contrary to the present invention mortar, the mortar taught in the EP 0.690.258 document cannot be used in 1is fact for the preparation of a concrete to be used in a shotcrete process whether by the dry or wet route, simply because the latter require the formulation to be in a sufficiently pumpable (flowable) state and still be able to quickly set so as to be easily sprayed while ensuring an 20 efficient adhesion on the surface to be concreted.
In use, for example, in a shotcrete wet process, the advantages of the invention formulation are, notably, the .following fl nall support neat surfaces are adhered to gain in thickness in a few runs cohesiveness is achieved in order to optimise compactness and density of the finished layer.
The fact that both binder and aggregate of the mortar according to the present invention are chemically of the same nature improves the aggregate-binder bond and thus the overall resistance to corrosion of the material.
Moreover, the calcium aluminate binder of the present invention contains low quantity of 012 A 7 The amount is less than 0,6 This avoids stiffening of the mortar, to keep it pumpable, but is sufficient for its holding in place and where necessary, a troweling in view of finishing the surface.
Further or alternatives preferred features of the mortar according to the invention are as follows Mortar binder has a Blaine specific surface area from about 2950 cm 2 /g to about 4600 cm 2 /g, preferably .of about 4500 cm 2 lg.
Mortar binder has about 53 by weight of S 10 alumina.
Mortar binder is obtainable by melting in a reverbatory furnace, just like the so-called FONDU®, well known in the art.
Mortar aggregate passes a sieve of about 1.4 mm.
Mortar has about 97.7 calcium aluminate.
Mortar further comprises one or more additives selected in the group consisting of leak resistance promoting agents, anti-shrinkage agents, internal strength promoting agents/anti-segregation 20 agents, and flowability promoting agents.
In another aspect the present invention relates to a concrete composition wherein a binder and an aggregate, as defined above, are present in a binder:aggregate ratio of about 1:1.9 and wherein the water:binder ratio is about 0.37.
In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a concrete composition obtainable by a process consisting of mixing a mortar, as defined above, with water wherein about 14 water, by weight of dry components of the concrete composition, is added whereby a sufficiently low content of C 12
A
7 phase is achieved. (standard nomenclature in the art of high alumina cements: C=CaO A=A1 2 03).
In a further aspect the present invention relates to a shotcrete wet process making use of a concrete composition as defined above, preferably for the rehabilitation by lining/relining of sewerage and drainage systems, pipes, manholes, and associated.
Other features and complementary advantages of the present invention will now be described in further details in the following illustrating, but in no way limiting, examples.
Example 1i Preparation of a mortar according to the S 10io invention A calcium aluminate binder having about 53 by weight of alumina, namely Secar 51®' sold by Lafarge Aluminates is mixed with an aggregate of the same mineralogy, so-called Alag®e which is a calcium aluminate clinker based granulate produced by Lafarge Aluminates.
As a binder to include in a mortar according to the present invention, Secar 51® may be replaced by Calcoat®, another type of calcium aluminate sold by 20 Lafarge Aluminates, the composition thereof equally allows to achieve the same performances as Secar 51.
Secar 51 confers to the mortar a high resistance to corrosion induced by the sulphuric acid contained in :waters circulating in the sewerage system. The life time of the lining thus obtained is prolonged and repair periods are limited to a minimum.
The Alag® aggregate has a particle size, which allows to incorporate a high level of fines in the formulation and as an advantageous consequence the formulation is easily pumped. Its mineralogy is perfectly suited to that of the binder, therefore adherence between them is at best.
Polypropylene fibres are a means for limiting the segregation and shrinkage phenomena.
Fly ash promotes cohesion of the shotcrete and allows where appropriate to spray layers of a more important thickness without the risk of collapsing of the projected layer.
Trisodium citrate is a well known water reducing additive in the art of aluminous cement. It permits to control the water:binder ratio to a pumpable state of the mortar and indirectly allows to reduce segregation.
Methylcellulose J5MS is an anti-segregation agent that also promotes pumping.
Slick Pack2 renders the formulation easier to pump.
The proportions of the different components, of the mortar according to the present invention, including different additives, and the sieve sizes (grain diameter 0, in mm) of the aggregate (granulates) are shown in Table 1.
.t a Table 1 Binder Secar 51® 33.7 Granulates Alag®, 0<1.4 mm 64 Fibres Polypropylene fibres, L=12 mm 0.2 Powder additives Fly ash, Elkem 940 U 1.8 Redispersable polymer Elotex 0.3 Other powder components by WT% of binder 0.05 Trisodium citrate 0.06 Methylcellulose J5MS Dow 0.01 Chemical Slick Pak II Fritz-Pak Corporation Example 2 Shotcrete wet process according to the invention.
To a formulation as obtained in Example 1, incorporating the components in the form of a powder, is added about 12 to about 16 preferably about 14 diluting water by weight of dry components, which is measured in a mixer. Said mixer is a concrete mixing machine with open vessel or of the type with appropriately se .0 .00*0 sized blades, over which is connected a measuring water tank (precision is 1 The shotcrete wet process or "wet gunning", calls for a special equipment comprising a mixer, a concrete pump, an additive pump. Usually this type of equipment is available onsites and thus it allows to limit the operating costs of such a process. The concrete pump is a commonly used pump in the shotcrete wet process art and may be one of so-called P11, P13 or P38 pump from the o1 Putzmeister company.
The shotcrete wet process comprises the steps consisting of mixing the flowable mortar, as obtained in Example 1, with an amount of water measured in the mixer (ii) delivering the mixture to the loading hopper of a concrete pump (iii) pumping the mixture through pipes to the spraying nozzle (iv) injecting compressed air and additive into said nozzle, in order to achieve the spraying and spraying until the desired layer thickness is achieved.
Example 3 Comparison of the performances of a mortar according to the invention and of a prior art mortar.
Other aluminous mortar available on the market, comprised of aluminous binders blended with conventional aggregates, such as calcium silica or siliceous sand (control mortar, as shown in Table do not perform as well as the mortar according to the present invention and thus might cause damages onsites.
Moreover the invention formulation is of a reasonable cost.
Table 2 Control Aluminate binder Calcoat® 1 part by weight Mortar (prior Siliceous sand 1.5 part by weight art) Water:binder ratio 0.32 Mortar Aluminate binder Calcoat® 1 part by weight according to Alag® granulates 1.9 part by weight the invention Water:binder ratio 0.37 5 24 cubes are produced from each of these mortars and are placed in a simulation chamber where they are kept in an atmosphere supplied with Hydrogen sulphur gas.
The chamber volume is about 1 m 3 temperature is adjusted to 30 0 C and relative humidity kept between about 95 and about 97 In order to have a 15-20 ppm H 2
S
concentration, the gas is injected by means of a 10 I bottle.
Every 30 min., a bacteriological mixture is sprayed which function is to accelerate the corrosion phenomena.
The cubes are regularly weighed every 8 weeks till 48 15 weeks and losses of weight thus obtained are compared.
The results are shown in Table 3.
o*°o 11 Table 3 a a.
a. a a.
Control Age 8 16 24 32 40 48 Mortar (weeks) Weight 5 10 15 32 42 43 loss Invention Age 8 16 24 32 40 48 Mortar (weeks) Weight 0 1 10 18 21 loss As can be seen from Table 3, these results illustrate the excellent and surprising performances of the invention mortar, and specially the remarkable effect of the combination aluminous binder-aluminous aggregate according to the invention, which confers to the invention 10 mortar a loss of weight due to corrosion which is 30 smaller than the one achieved with a control mortar, at the end of the test period.
The particularly advantageous mortar according to the invention is in pumpable and sprayable state while ensuring an efficient adhesion on supports to be rehabilitated. Moreover a minimum amount of water is used to allow on one hand the absence of segregation of the formulation and on the other it confers a sufficient compactness to the mixture. Such an improved mortar guaranties both excellent mechanical resistance and corrosion resistance properties, especially in the presence of sulphuric acid containing waters circulating in sewerage systems. Furthermore it is well adapted to worksite conditions with variable ambiences (temperature, humidity...) and is robust. Finally, the mixture, prepared 1.1 12 according to the invention, has a fluidity, which does not fluctuate, and the mortar has constant set and hardening.
Altogether, these performances allow a quick setting of the invention mortar and thus a very rapid restarting of the rehabilitated sewerage system while ensuring a high level of corrosion resistance due to waste waters, thus prolonging the life of the restored system.
*e *o o *o
Claims (11)
1. Repair mortar for use in a shotcrete wet process comprising a mixture of a calcium aluminate binder having more than about 40% by weight alumina and an aggregate of appropriate grain size characterised in that said aggregate is a calcium aluminate aggregate having a grain size lower than 1.4 mm and at least about 35 by weight of said mixture presents a grain size smaller than about 100 pm. 10
2. Mortar according to claim 1, characterised in that the binder has a Blaine specific surface area from about 2950 cm 2 /g to about 4600 cm 2 preferably about 4500 cm 2 /g.
3. Mortar according to claim 2, wherein the binder has 15 about 53 by weight of alumina.
4. Mortar according to claim 3, wherein the binder has an amount of C 12 A 7 less than 0,6
5. Mortar according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein the binder is obtainable by melting in a reverbatory furnace.
6. Mortar according to anyone of claims 1 to 4, having about 97.7 calcium aluminate.
7. Mortar according to anyone of claims 1 to 5, further comprising one or more additives selected in the group consisting of leak resistance promoting agents, anti- schrinkage agents, internal strength promoting agents/anti- segregation agents, and flowability promoting agents.
8. Concrete composition comprised of a mortar, as defined in anyone of the preceding claims, having a binder:aggregate ratio of about 1:1.9 and wherein the water:binder ratio is about 0.37.
9. Concrete composition obtainable by a process consisting of mixing a mortar having about 33.7 WT of an about 53 WT alumina containing binder, about 64 WT aggregate, and about 2.3 WT of one or more CC C. C C. C C C 4 1 14 additives as defined in claim 6, with water wherein about 14 WT% water, by weight of dry components of the concrete composition.
Shotcrete wet process making use of a concrete composition according to claim 7 or 8.
11. Shotcrete wet process according to claim 9 for the rehabilitation by lining/relining of sewerage and drainage systems, pipes, manholes, and associated structures. DATED this 29th day of January 2002. LAFARGE ALUMINATES WATERMARK PATENT TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS 290 BURWOOD ROAD HAWTHORN. VIC. 3122.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001020201A JP4558223B2 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2001-01-29 | Calcium aluminate mortar used in spray concrete wet method |
| JP2001-020201 | 2001-01-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1360202A true AU1360202A (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| AU780760B2 AU780760B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
Family
ID=18885946
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU13602/02A Ceased AU780760B2 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2002-01-29 | Calcium aluminate mortar for use in a shotcrete wet process |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4558223B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU780760B2 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG102654A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3105213A1 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2021-06-25 | Imertech | CEMENT COMPOSITION FOR THE PROTECTION OF SURFACES AGAINST (BIO) CORROSION |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004268991B2 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2010-08-26 | Allied Mineral Products, Llc | Calcium aluminate clinker as a refractory aggregate with and without barium addition and use thereof |
| US10538383B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2020-01-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Protection system for sulfur storage apparatus |
| CN114163203A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 德州光大建材科技发展有限公司 | Special spraying mortar for external wall heat-insulation component |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US204246A (en) * | 1878-05-28 | Improvement in fence-posts | ||
| JP3092807B2 (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 2000-09-25 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Spraying material |
| AU8457891A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-04-02 | Dresser Industries Inc. | Calcium aluminate refractory for aluminum metal contact applications |
| GB9319205D0 (en) * | 1993-09-16 | 1993-11-03 | Brown Jonathon L | Cement products and a method of manufacture thereof |
| US5484480A (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1996-01-16 | Jtm Industries, Inc. | Use of alumina clay with cement fly ash mixtures |
| US5585141A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-12-17 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Method for lining pipe with calcium alumina cement |
| FR2784048B1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-12-15 | Lafarge Aluminates | TUBE INTERIORLY COATED WITH A CEMENTING COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| FR2788762B1 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2002-04-12 | Lafarge Aluminates | BINDER OF THE CLINKER TYPE, USE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A BINDER |
| CA2298328C (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2007-05-01 | National Research Council Of Canada | Hydrated calcium aluminate based expansive admixture |
| EP1172343B1 (en) * | 2000-02-16 | 2011-05-11 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cement mortar and shooting material |
| FR2810314B1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2003-09-19 | Lafarge Aluminates | RAPID BINDER FOR SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE, USE AND APPLICATIONS OF SUCH A BINDER |
| JP2002097055A (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-04-02 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Acid resistant mortar composition |
-
2001
- 2001-01-29 JP JP2001020201A patent/JP4558223B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-29 SG SG200200513A patent/SG102654A1/en unknown
- 2002-01-29 AU AU13602/02A patent/AU780760B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3105213A1 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2021-06-25 | Imertech | CEMENT COMPOSITION FOR THE PROTECTION OF SURFACES AGAINST (BIO) CORROSION |
| WO2021130319A1 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2021-07-01 | Imertech | Cementitious composition for protecting surfaces against (bio)corrosion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4558223B2 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
| AU780760B2 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| SG102654A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 |
| JP2002249367A (en) | 2002-09-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2016198108A1 (en) | Advanced fiber reinforced concrete mix designs | |
| JP7395633B2 (en) | polymer cement mortar | |
| JP5959096B2 (en) | Grout material composition for existing pipe lining, cured product thereof, and lining construction method for existing pipe | |
| JP2004067453A (en) | Void filling material and void filling work | |
| AU780760B2 (en) | Calcium aluminate mortar for use in a shotcrete wet process | |
| JP6258030B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for adding powder admixture to cement kneaded material, and method for producing cement kneaded material mixed with powder admixture | |
| JP2003261372A (en) | Mortar composition for facility in corrosive environment, and construction method for inhibiting corrosion of concrete structure | |
| JP2001072456A (en) | Paste or mortar for joining water-permeable concrete, and method for joining water-permeable concrete | |
| AU781726B2 (en) | Calcium aluminate mortar for use in a shotcrete dry process | |
| JP2002226251A (en) | Paste or mortar for placing joint of water permeable concrete | |
| JP2009023878A (en) | Concrete for repairing cross section, and construction method for repairing cross section of concrete structure using the same | |
| JP2003192422A (en) | Inorganic hydraulic composition, hardened body thereof and operation method therefor | |
| JP2004292245A (en) | Acid-proof cement composition | |
| JP2000086319A (en) | Quick-setting spraying cement concrete and spraying method using the same | |
| JP4388250B2 (en) | Hydraulic composition and cured body thereof | |
| JP2009227558A (en) | Self-restorable high strength hydration hardened material | |
| JP4605918B2 (en) | Underwater gap filling method | |
| JP4001404B2 (en) | Cement admixture and casting concrete placement method | |
| JP2001261412A (en) | Paste or mortar for placing water-permeable concrete on existing hardened concrete | |
| JP2001247350A (en) | Repairing material | |
| JP3939033B2 (en) | Nozzle for fiber-containing sprayed cement concrete and spraying method using the same | |
| JP2002274912A (en) | Paste or mortar for joining water-permeable concrete | |
| JP6824778B2 (en) | Polymer cement concrete and its construction method | |
| WO2023233315A1 (en) | Method of building a concrete element for marine or river applications | |
| Mailvaganam | Admixtures for repair and restoration of concrete |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |