ATE326476T1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von phosphorothioat- oligomeren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von phosphorothioat- oligomerenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE326476T1 ATE326476T1 AT96935220T AT96935220T ATE326476T1 AT E326476 T1 ATE326476 T1 AT E326476T1 AT 96935220 T AT96935220 T AT 96935220T AT 96935220 T AT96935220 T AT 96935220T AT E326476 T1 ATE326476 T1 AT E326476T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorothioate oligomers
- producing phosphorothioate
- producing
- oligomers
- intermediates
- Prior art date
Links
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H9/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
- C07H9/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
- C07H9/04—Cyclic acetals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/141—Esters of phosphorous acids
- C07F9/1411—Esters of phosphorous acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6584—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom
- C07F9/65842—Cyclic amide derivatives of acids of phosphorus, in which one nitrogen atom belongs to the ring
- C07F9/65846—Cyclic amide derivatives of acids of phosphorus, in which one nitrogen atom belongs to the ring the phosphorus atom being part of a six-membered ring which may be condensed with another ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H9/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
- C07H9/06—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical the hetero ring containing nitrogen as ring hetero atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/546,198 US5734041A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1995-10-20 | Preparation of chiral phosphorothioate oligomers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE326476T1 true ATE326476T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
Family
ID=24179289
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT96935220T ATE326476T1 (de) | 1995-10-20 | 1996-10-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung von phosphorothioat- oligomeren |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US5734041A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0904275B1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JPH11511480A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE326476T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU7327596A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69636147T2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997014710A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (87)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5734041A (en) | 1995-10-20 | 1998-03-31 | Mcgill University | Preparation of chiral phosphorothioate oligomers |
| US6476216B1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2002-11-05 | Mcgill University | Preparation of phosphorothioate oligomers |
| US9096636B2 (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2015-08-04 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Chimeric oligomeric compounds and their use in gene modulation |
| US5898031A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 1999-04-27 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Oligoribonucleotides for cleaving RNA |
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| US7812149B2 (en) | 1996-06-06 | 2010-10-12 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 2′-Fluoro substituted oligomeric compounds and compositions for use in gene modulations |
| US20080119427A1 (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 2008-05-22 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Double Strand Compositions Comprising Differentially Modified Strands for Use in Gene Modulation |
| PL184612B1 (pl) * | 1997-04-25 | 2002-11-29 | Pan | Sposób wytwarzania modyfikowanych P chiralnych analogów nukleotydów |
| US6096899A (en) | 1998-04-14 | 2000-08-01 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Cylic imidazole compounds having relatively low hydrogen content and relatively high nitrogen content and polymers formed therefrom |
| US6979728B2 (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2005-12-27 | Baylor College Of Medicine | Articles of manufacture and methods for array based analysis of biological molecules |
| US6867294B1 (en) * | 1998-07-14 | 2005-03-15 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Gapped oligomers having site specific chiral phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages |
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| US6867289B1 (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2005-03-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Systems | Thio-modified aptamer synthetic methods and compositions |
| US20040242521A1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2004-12-02 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Thio-siRNA aptamers |
| US20060172925A1 (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2006-08-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Thio-siRNA aptamers |
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| US6492111B1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2002-12-10 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | In situ binary synthesis of biologically effective molecules |
| US6121437A (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2000-09-19 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Phosphate and thiophosphate protecting groups |
| US20040082774A1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2004-04-29 | Guzaev Andrei P. | Novel phosphate and thiophosphate protecting groups |
| WO2000075154A2 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Protected nucleosides |
| US20020150887A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-10-17 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Methods and nucleic acid probes for molecular genetic analysis of polluted environments and environmental samples |
| DE60201145T2 (de) * | 2001-05-15 | 2005-09-22 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Verfahren zur Reinigung von 5'-geschützten Thymidinen |
| US7153954B2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2006-12-26 | Santaris Pharma A/S | Method for preparation of LNA phosphoramidites |
| US20050032060A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2005-02-10 | Shishir Shah | Arrays comprising pre-labeled biological molecules and methods for making and using these arrays |
| EP1451318A4 (de) | 2001-10-12 | 2007-06-27 | Perkinelmer Las Inc | Zusammenstellungen von nukleinsäuren und arrays und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung |
| US7439346B2 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2008-10-21 | Perkinelmer Las Inc. | Nucleic acids arrays and methods of use therefor |
| US20030162190A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-08-28 | Gorenstein David G. | Phosphoromonothioate and phosphorodithioate oligonucleotide aptamer chip for functional proteomics |
| US7125982B1 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2006-10-24 | Frayne Consultants | Microbial production of nuclease resistant DNA, RNA, and oligo mixtures |
| US20030110103A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-12 | Robert Sesek | Cost and usage based configurable alerts |
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| WO2004016586A2 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2004-02-26 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Compositions and methods related to flavivirus envelope protein domain iii antigens |
| CA2749227A1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2005-01-13 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Bead bound combinatorial oligonucleoside phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate aptamer libraries |
| WO2004043979A2 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-27 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sugar surrogate-containing oligomeric compounds and compositions for use in gene modulation |
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| EP1635693A2 (de) * | 2003-05-23 | 2006-03-22 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Screening mit hohem durchsatz von aptamer-bibliotheken für die spezifische bindung an proteine auf viren und anderen erregern |
| CA2526690C (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2014-01-14 | Board Of Regents The University Of Texas System | Structure based and combinatorially selected oligonucleoside phosphorothioate and phosphorodithioate aptamer targeting ap-1 transcription factors |
| EP1648909A4 (de) * | 2003-07-24 | 2008-11-12 | Univ Texas | Thioaptamere, die die entdeckung von physiologischen pfaden und neue therapeutische strategien ermöglichen |
| EP2708541B1 (de) | 2003-11-13 | 2015-01-28 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 5,6-Dihydroxy-Isoindol-Derivate als Linker für Oligomer-Festphasensynthese |
| US20090280567A1 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2009-11-12 | Dharmacon, Inc. | Stabilized sirnas as transfection controls and silencing reagents |
| EP2123759B1 (de) * | 2004-02-06 | 2014-01-15 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Biosciences Inc. | Stabilisierte RNA als Transfektionskontrollen und Dämpfungsreagenzien |
| US8569474B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2013-10-29 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Double stranded constructs comprising one or more short strands hybridized to a longer strand |
| KR101147147B1 (ko) * | 2004-04-01 | 2012-05-25 | 머크 샤프 앤드 돔 코포레이션 | Ｒｎａ 간섭의 오프 타겟 효과 감소를 위한 변형된폴리뉴클레오타이드 |
| US20050239134A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-10-27 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Combinatorial selection of phosphorothioate single-stranded DNA aptamers for TGF-beta-1 protein |
| US8394947B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2013-03-12 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Positionally modified siRNA constructs |
| WO2006025995A2 (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2006-03-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Compositions and methods using md-2 mutants and chimeric proteins |
| US7427675B2 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2008-09-23 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds and methods for the characterization of oligonucleotides |
| US7884086B2 (en) | 2004-09-08 | 2011-02-08 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Conjugates for use in hepatocyte free uptake assays |
| US7923207B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2011-04-12 | Dharmacon, Inc. | Apparatus and system having dry gene silencing pools |
| US20060166234A1 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-07-27 | Barbara Robertson | Apparatus and system having dry control gene silencing compositions |
| US7935811B2 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2011-05-03 | Dharmacon, Inc. | Apparatus and system having dry gene silencing compositions |
| US20060223777A1 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-05 | Dharmacon, Inc. | Highly functional short hairpin RNA |
| WO2006125094A2 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Combinatorial selection of phosphorothioate aptamers for rnases |
| US8809514B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2014-08-19 | Ge Healthcare Dharmacon, Inc. | Tripartite oligonucleotide complexes and methods for gene silencing by RNA interference |
| US7845686B2 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-12-07 | S & B Technical Products, Inc. | Restrained pipe joining system for plastic pipe |
| EP2247729B1 (de) | 2008-02-11 | 2019-05-01 | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Modifizierte rnai-polynukleotide und verwendungen davon |
| US8188060B2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2012-05-29 | Dharmacon, Inc. | Duplex oligonucleotides with enhanced functionality in gene regulation |
| WO2010008582A2 (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Rxi Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Phagocytic cell drug delivery system |
| EP2326707B1 (de) * | 2008-08-12 | 2016-11-23 | Evolva, Inc. | Verfahren zur herstellung von isoprenoiden |
| MX347112B (es) | 2008-09-15 | 2017-04-12 | Genentech Inc | Composiciones y metodos para regular osmolaridad celular. |
| EP2340309A2 (de) | 2008-09-22 | 2011-07-06 | Rxi Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Neutrale nanotransporter |
| US9074211B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2015-07-07 | Rxi Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Inhibition of MAP4K4 through RNAI |
| SG171914A1 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2011-07-28 | Chiralgen Ltd | Method for the synthesis of phosphorus atom modified nucleic acids |
| WO2010090762A1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2010-08-12 | Rxi Pharmaceuticals Corporation | Rna duplexes with single stranded phosphorothioate nucleotide regions for additional functionality |
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| EP2451461A4 (de) | 2009-07-06 | 2013-05-29 | Ontorii Inc | Neuartige nukleinsäure-prodrugs und verwendungsverfahren dafür |
| BR112012024049A2 (pt) | 2010-03-24 | 2017-03-01 | Rxi Pharmaceuticals Corp | interferência de rna em indicações dérmicas e fibróticas |
| CN106074591B (zh) | 2010-03-24 | 2020-01-14 | 菲奥医药公司 | 眼部症候中的rna干扰 |
| EP2550000A4 (de) | 2010-03-24 | 2014-03-26 | Advirna Inc | Selbstfreisetzende rnai-verbindungen von reduzierter grösse |
| DK2620428T3 (da) | 2010-09-24 | 2019-07-01 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd | Asymmetrisk hjælpegruppe |
| US9605019B2 (en) | 2011-07-19 | 2017-03-28 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd. | Methods for the synthesis of functionalized nucleic acids |
| CN112007045B (zh) | 2012-07-13 | 2026-01-06 | 波涛生命科学有限公司 | 手性控制 |
| DK2872485T3 (da) | 2012-07-13 | 2021-03-08 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd | Asymmetrisk hjælpegruppe |
| JP6246121B2 (ja) | 2012-07-13 | 2017-12-13 | 株式会社新日本科学 | キラル核酸アジュバント |
| CN106061488B (zh) | 2013-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 菲奥医药公司 | 癌症的免疫治疗 |
| US10322173B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2019-06-18 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chiral nucleic acid adjuvant having anti-allergic activity, and anti-allergic agent |
| EP3095461A4 (de) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-08-23 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chirales nukleinsäure-adjuvans mit immunitätsinduktionswirkung und immunitätsinduktionsaktivator |
| WO2015108048A1 (ja) | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-23 | 株式会社新日本科学 | 抗腫瘍作用を有するキラル核酸アジュバンド及び抗腫瘍剤 |
| KR102423317B1 (ko) | 2014-01-16 | 2022-07-22 | 웨이브 라이프 사이언시스 리미티드 | 키랄 디자인 |
| US11279934B2 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2022-03-22 | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Methods for treating cancer using nucleic acids targeting MDM2 or MYCN |
| KR102506169B1 (ko) | 2014-09-05 | 2023-03-08 | 피오 파마슈티칼스 코프. | Tyr 또는 mmp1을 표적화하는 핵산을 사용한 노화 및 피부 장애의 치료 방법 |
| US10808247B2 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2020-10-20 | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Methods for treating neurological disorders using a synergistic small molecule and nucleic acids therapeutic approach |
| US11001845B2 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2021-05-11 | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Nucleic acid molecules targeting superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) |
| CN109563509B (zh) | 2015-10-19 | 2022-08-09 | 菲奥医药公司 | 靶向长非编码rna的减小尺寸的自递送核酸化合物 |
| WO2017111137A1 (ja) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 味の素株式会社 | オリゴヌクレオチドの製造方法 |
| KR102808275B1 (ko) | 2017-04-14 | 2025-05-20 | 탈락 테라퓨틱스, 인크. | 면역조절 폴리뉴클레오티드, 이의 항체 접합체, 및 이의 사용 방법 |
| JP7167059B2 (ja) | 2017-04-19 | 2022-11-08 | フィオ ファーマシューティカルズ コーポレーション | 核酸化合物の局所送達 |
| JP2022177332A (ja) * | 2019-10-24 | 2022-12-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | オリゴヌクレオチドを製造する方法 |
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| US34069A (en) * | 1862-01-07 | Improved combined knife, fork, and spoon | ||
| US3846374A (en) * | 1969-02-24 | 1974-11-05 | American Cyanamid Co | 1,2-azaphospholanes and their 2-oxides, 2-sulfides and salts and preparation thereof |
| US3793339A (en) * | 1972-04-07 | 1974-02-19 | Du Pont | 1-hydrocarbon-substituted 2-halo-4,5-dicyanoimidazoles and their preparation |
| US4500707A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1985-02-19 | University Patents, Inc. | Nucleosides useful in the preparation of polynucleotides |
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| US5132418A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1992-07-21 | University Patents, Inc. | Process for preparing polynucleotides |
| US4973679A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1990-11-27 | University Patents, Inc. | Process for oligonucleo tide synthesis using phosphormidite intermediates |
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-
1995
- 1995-10-20 US US08/546,198 patent/US5734041A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-10-18 WO PCT/IB1996/001185 patent/WO1997014710A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-18 JP JP9515666A patent/JPH11511480A/ja active Pending
- 1996-10-18 EP EP96935220A patent/EP0904275B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-18 AU AU73275/96A patent/AU7327596A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-18 AT AT96935220T patent/ATE326476T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-18 DE DE69636147T patent/DE69636147T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-10-09 US US08/948,152 patent/US5945521A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-15 US US08/951,132 patent/US6031092A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-12-01 US US09/452,604 patent/US6596857B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-28 JP JP2000361189A patent/JP2001192395A/ja active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-04-25 US US10/423,440 patent/US20040097722A9/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6596857B1 (en) | 2003-07-22 |
| US5734041A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
| JPH11511480A (ja) | 1999-10-05 |
| EP0904275B1 (de) | 2006-05-17 |
| DE69636147D1 (de) | 2006-06-22 |
| US20040097722A9 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
| US20030229219A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
| WO1997014710A1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
| US6031092A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
| EP0904275A1 (de) | 1999-03-31 |
| DE69636147T2 (de) | 2007-07-05 |
| AU7327596A (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| US5945521A (en) | 1999-08-31 |
| JP2001192395A (ja) | 2001-07-17 |
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