ATE201602T1 - Verbessertes verfahren zur fixierung von verkalkungsbestendigen biologischen geweben - Google Patents

Verbessertes verfahren zur fixierung von verkalkungsbestendigen biologischen geweben

Info

Publication number
ATE201602T1
ATE201602T1 AT95912565T AT95912565T ATE201602T1 AT E201602 T1 ATE201602 T1 AT E201602T1 AT 95912565 T AT95912565 T AT 95912565T AT 95912565 T AT95912565 T AT 95912565T AT E201602 T1 ATE201602 T1 AT E201602T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
calcification
fixing
improved method
biological tissues
resistant biological
Prior art date
Application number
AT95912565T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Marie Girardot
Marie-Nadia Girardot
Original Assignee
Biomedical Design Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biomedical Design Inc filed Critical Biomedical Design Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE201602T1 publication Critical patent/ATE201602T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/36Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
    • A61L27/3683Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment
    • A61L27/3687Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment characterised by the use of chemical agents in the treatment, e.g. specific enzymes, detergents, capping agents, crosslinkers, anticalcification agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2400/00Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L2400/02Treatment of implants to prevent calcification or mineralisation in vivo
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/40Preparation and treatment of biological tissue for implantation, e.g. decellularisation, cross-linking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S623/00Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
    • Y10S623/915Method or apparatus for preparing biological material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S623/00Prosthesis, i.e. artificial body members, parts thereof, or aids and accessories therefor
    • Y10S623/915Method or apparatus for preparing biological material
    • Y10S623/916Blood vessel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S977/00Nanotechnology
    • Y10S977/70Nanostructure
    • Y10S977/701Integrated with dissimilar structures on a common substrate
    • Y10S977/702Integrated with dissimilar structures on a common substrate having biological material component

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
AT95912565T 1994-02-17 1995-02-16 Verbessertes verfahren zur fixierung von verkalkungsbestendigen biologischen geweben ATE201602T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/198,145 US5447536A (en) 1994-02-17 1994-02-17 Method for fixation of biological tissue
PCT/US1995/002077 WO1995022361A1 (en) 1994-02-17 1995-02-16 Improved process for fixation of calcification-resistant biological tissue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE201602T1 true ATE201602T1 (de) 2001-06-15

Family

ID=22732171

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT95912565T ATE201602T1 (de) 1994-02-17 1995-02-16 Verbessertes verfahren zur fixierung von verkalkungsbestendigen biologischen geweben

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US5447536A (de)
EP (1) EP0744970B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE201602T1 (de)
AU (1) AU685604B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2183263C (de)
DE (1) DE69521118T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1995022361A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6350732B1 (en) 1987-08-02 2002-02-26 Carbomedics, Inc. Method for extracting lipids from tissue samples using high osmolality storage medium and product
US5746775A (en) * 1988-04-01 1998-05-05 The Board Of Regent6S Of The University Of Michigan Method of making calcification-resistant bioprosthetic tissue
US5447536A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-09-05 Biomedical Design, Inc. Method for fixation of biological tissue
US5558875A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-09-24 Wang; Su Method of preparing collagenous tissue
USRE40570E1 (en) 1994-07-29 2008-11-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Apparatuses and methods for treating biological tissue to mitigate calcification
US5931969A (en) 1994-07-29 1999-08-03 Baxter International Inc. Methods and apparatuses for treating biological tissue to mitigate calcification
CA2196165C (en) * 1994-07-29 2004-06-08 Sophie Carpentier Methods for treating implantable biological tissues to mitigate the calcification thereof and bioprosthetic articles treated by such methods
CA2168283A1 (en) * 1996-01-29 1997-07-30 John Michael Lee Preparation of biological material for implants
IL118149A0 (en) * 1996-05-05 1996-09-12 Rdc Rafael Dev Corp Method for producing heart valves and heart valves produced by the method
US5782931A (en) * 1996-07-30 1998-07-21 Baxter International Inc. Methods for mitigating calcification and improving durability in glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprostheses and articles manufactured by such methods
CZ54899A3 (cs) 1996-08-23 1999-08-11 Cook Biotech, Incorporated Štěpová protéza, materiály s ní spojené a způsoby její výroby
US8716227B2 (en) 1996-08-23 2014-05-06 Cook Biotech Incorporated Graft prosthesis, materials and methods
US6666892B2 (en) 1996-08-23 2003-12-23 Cook Biotech Incorporated Multi-formed collagenous biomaterial medical device
JP4271262B2 (ja) * 1997-02-10 2009-06-03 バイオメディカル デザイン インコーポレイテッド 滅菌法
US6506339B1 (en) 1997-02-10 2003-01-14 Biomedical Design, Inc. Method of sterilization
US6166184A (en) * 1997-08-18 2000-12-26 Medtronic Inc. Process for making a bioprosthetic device
US6117979A (en) * 1997-08-18 2000-09-12 Medtronic, Inc. Process for making a bioprosthetic device and implants produced therefrom
US5862806A (en) * 1997-10-30 1999-01-26 Mitroflow International, Inc. Borohydride reduction of biological tissues
US6254635B1 (en) * 1998-02-02 2001-07-03 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Calcification-resistant medical articles
US6093530A (en) * 1998-02-06 2000-07-25 Sulzer Carbomedics Inc. Non-calcific biomaterial by glutaraldehyde followed by oxidative fixation
US6630001B2 (en) * 1998-06-24 2003-10-07 International Heart Institute Of Montana Foundation Compliant dehyrated tissue for implantation and process of making the same
US6156531A (en) * 1998-07-20 2000-12-05 Sulzer Carbomedics Inc. Cross-linking tissue with a compound having a C8 to C40 aliphatic chain
US6214054B1 (en) * 1998-09-21 2001-04-10 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method for fixation of biological tissues having mitigated propensity for post-implantation calcification and thrombosis and bioprosthetic devices prepared thereby
CA2345799C (en) 1998-09-30 2010-01-05 Medtronic, Inc. Process for reducing mineralization of tissue used in transplantation
CA2319447C (en) * 1998-12-01 2010-01-26 Washington University Embolization device
US8882850B2 (en) * 1998-12-01 2014-11-11 Cook Biotech Incorporated Multi-formed collagenous biomaterial medical device
US6106555A (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-08-22 Av Healing Llc Method for tissue fixation
US6132986A (en) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-17 Sulzer Carbomedics Inc. Tissue crosslinking for bioprostheses using activated difunctional or polyfunctional acids
WO2000064371A1 (en) 1999-04-27 2000-11-02 The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia Stabilization of implantable bioprosthetic devices
US6521179B1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2003-02-18 Biomedical Design, Inc. Sterilization
US6479079B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2002-11-12 Sulzer Carbomedics Inc. Anticalcification treatments for fixed biomaterials
US6471723B1 (en) * 2000-01-10 2002-10-29 St. Jude Medical, Inc. Biocompatible prosthetic tissue
US20020177223A1 (en) * 2001-03-12 2002-11-28 Ogle Mathew F. Methods and compositions for crosslinking tissue
US6933103B1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2005-08-23 Brennen Medical, Inc. Biocompatible tissue for therapeutic use and method of making same
US7078163B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2006-07-18 Medtronic, Inc. Process for reducing mineralization of tissue used in transplantation
US6878168B2 (en) 2002-01-03 2005-04-12 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Treatment of bioprosthetic tissues to mitigate post implantation calcification
AU2003205255B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2007-12-06 Biomedical Design, Inc. Calcification-resistant fixation
US7918899B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2011-04-05 Biomedical Design, Inc. Variably crosslinked tissue
US6761735B2 (en) * 2002-04-25 2004-07-13 Medtronic, Inc. Heart valve fixation process and apparatus
US7008763B2 (en) * 2002-09-23 2006-03-07 Cheung David T Method to treat collagenous connective tissue for implant remodeled by host cells into living tissue
US7955788B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2011-06-07 Medtronic, Inc. Bioprosthetic tissue preparation with synthetic hydrogels
US20050266390A1 (en) * 2004-06-01 2005-12-01 Yuichiro Ueda Processes for removing cells and cell debris from tissue and tissue constructs used in transplantation and tissue reconstruction
WO2006015287A2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-09 Cook Biotech Incorporated Graft with increased resistance to enzymatic degradation
US7579381B2 (en) * 2005-03-25 2009-08-25 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Treatment of bioprosthetic tissues to mitigate post implantation calcification
CN1903144A (zh) * 2005-07-29 2007-01-31 广东冠昊生物科技有限公司 生物型人工韧带及其制备方法
CN1903143A (zh) * 2005-07-29 2007-01-31 广东冠昊生物科技有限公司 生物型人工血管及其制备方法
CN100482178C (zh) * 2005-08-04 2009-04-29 广东冠昊生物科技有限公司 带生物膜的血管瘤夹
CN1986001B (zh) * 2005-12-20 2011-09-14 广东冠昊生物科技股份有限公司 生物护创膜
CN1986006A (zh) 2005-12-20 2007-06-27 广州知光生物科技有限公司 生物型神经导管
CN1985778B (zh) * 2005-12-20 2010-10-13 广东冠昊生物科技股份有限公司 生物型人工角膜
CN1986007B (zh) * 2005-12-20 2011-09-14 广东冠昊生物科技股份有限公司 生物型外科补片
US7670762B2 (en) * 2006-01-17 2010-03-02 Brennen Medical, Llc Biocompatible tissue graft material for implant and method of making
US20070218038A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-20 Pegasus Biologics, Inc. Stabilized, sterilized collagen scaffolds with active adjuncts attached
US20100023129A1 (en) * 2008-07-22 2010-01-28 Guo-Feng Xu Jawbone prosthesis and method of manufacture
CN101332316B (zh) * 2008-07-22 2012-12-26 广东冠昊生物科技股份有限公司 生物型鼻梁植入体
CN101332314B (zh) * 2008-07-22 2012-11-14 广东冠昊生物科技股份有限公司 生物型关节软骨修补件
CN103933612B (zh) 2006-10-27 2016-06-22 爱德华兹生命科学公司 用于外科植入的生物组织
US9101691B2 (en) 2007-06-11 2015-08-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Methods for pre-stressing and capping bioprosthetic tissue
US20090018655A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 John Brunelle Composite Implant for Surgical Repair
US8357387B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2013-01-22 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Capping bioprosthetic tissue to reduce calcification
US9089415B2 (en) * 2008-09-05 2015-07-28 Synovis Orthopedic And Woundcare, Inc. Oblong cross-sectional tissue fixation peg
US9387280B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2016-07-12 Synovis Orthopedic And Woundcare, Inc. Device for soft tissue repair or replacement
FR2951549B1 (fr) 2009-10-15 2013-08-23 Olivier Schussler Procede d'obtention de bioprotheses medicales implantables
CA2794121C (en) 2010-03-23 2016-10-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Methods of conditioning sheet bioprosthetic tissue
US8906601B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2014-12-09 Edwardss Lifesciences Corporation Methods for stabilizing a bioprosthetic tissue by chemical modification of antigenic carbohydrates
WO2011160085A2 (en) 2010-06-17 2011-12-22 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Methods for stabilizing a bioprosthetic tissue by chemical modification of antigenic carbohydrates
WO2012027515A2 (en) 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Southern Lights Ventures 2002 Limited Biomaterials with enhanced properties and devices made therefrom
US9351829B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2016-05-31 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Double cross-linkage process to enhance post-implantation bioprosthetic tissue durability
US9358107B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2016-06-07 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Systems, dies, and methods for processing pericardial tissue
US10058419B2 (en) 2011-07-11 2018-08-28 The Children's Hospital Of Philadelphia Oxidation resistant bioprosthetic tissues and preparation thereof
US10238771B2 (en) * 2012-11-08 2019-03-26 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Methods for treating bioprosthetic tissue using a nucleophile/electrophile in a catalytic system
US9615922B2 (en) 2013-09-30 2017-04-11 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method and apparatus for preparing a contoured biological tissue
US10959839B2 (en) 2013-10-08 2021-03-30 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Method for directing cellular migration patterns on a biological tissue
WO2018222434A1 (en) 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Collagen fibers and articles formed therefrom
SG11202003938PA (en) 2018-01-23 2020-08-28 Edwards Lifesciences Corp Method for pre-stretching implantable biocompatible materials, and materials and devices produced thereby
EP3852683B1 (de) 2018-11-01 2024-05-29 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Pulmonales regeneratives transkatheterventil

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0037381B1 (de) * 1980-03-31 1984-10-17 Solco Basel AG Verfahren zur Herstellung neuer Organtransplantate
US4378224A (en) * 1980-09-19 1983-03-29 Nimni Marcel E Coating for bioprosthetic device and method of making same
US4883864A (en) * 1985-09-06 1989-11-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Modified collagen compound and method of preparation
US4770665A (en) * 1985-11-05 1988-09-13 American Hospital Supply Corporation Elastomeric polymer incorporation into implantable biological tissue to inhibit calcification
US4786287A (en) * 1986-10-10 1988-11-22 Baxter Travenol Laboratories Process for decreasing residual aldehyde levels in implantable bioprosthetic tissue
US5147514A (en) * 1987-08-02 1992-09-15 University Of North Carolina Process for cross-linking collagenous material and resulting product
JP2529112B2 (ja) * 1987-08-31 1996-08-28 株式会社 高研 生体弁
US4976733A (en) * 1988-02-03 1990-12-11 Biomedical Design, Inc. Prevention of prosthesis calcification
US5002566A (en) * 1989-02-17 1991-03-26 Baxter International Inc. Calcification mitigation of bioprosthetic implants
US5118791A (en) * 1989-05-25 1992-06-02 Genentech, Inc. Biologically active polypeptides based on transforming growth factor-β
AT398276B (de) * 1989-05-31 1994-11-25 Sorin Biomedica Spa Verfahren zur präparierung von biologischem implantationsmaterial
US5104405A (en) * 1991-02-21 1992-04-14 The University Of Southern California Process for improving the biostability of tissue implant devices and bioprosthetic implants so produced
US5447536A (en) * 1994-02-17 1995-09-05 Biomedical Design, Inc. Method for fixation of biological tissue

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0744970A1 (de) 1996-12-04
CA2183263A1 (en) 1995-08-24
US5733339A (en) 1998-03-31
AU685604B2 (en) 1998-01-22
CA2183263C (en) 2006-05-02
US5447536A (en) 1995-09-05
AU1966995A (en) 1995-09-04
WO1995022361A1 (en) 1995-08-24
EP0744970B1 (de) 2001-05-30
DE69521118D1 (de) 2001-07-05
DE69521118T2 (de) 2002-03-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE201602T1 (de) Verbessertes verfahren zur fixierung von verkalkungsbestendigen biologischen geweben
ATE177954T1 (de) Verfahren zur behandlung von knochengeweben und implantierbare biomaterialien dafür
US4597766A (en) Implantable bioprosthetic tendons and ligaments
CA2213533A1 (en) Resorbable extracellular matrix for reconstruction of cartilage tissue
ATE155668T1 (de) Bandscheibenprothese
DE69535595D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bio-umbaubare Transplantatprothese aus Kollagen
DE69523074D1 (de) Verfahren zur behandlung von implantierbaren biologischen geweben zur verringerung von verkalkung
ATE145331T1 (de) Verwendung von in situ modifikation von alginat zur vorbeugung von gewebeadhäsion
DE69028535D1 (de) Herstellung des vaskulären endothelialen zellwachstumsfaktors
DE69630995D1 (de) Abstandshalter zum Herstellen von Prothesenspalt und Sehnenspannung
DE69940466D1 (de) Biologisch modellierte implantierbare prothesen
ATE310839T1 (de) Stent mit kollagen
ATE424147T1 (de) Biotechnisch erzeugte gefässprothese für die implantation
DK0987998T3 (da) Decellulering af væv
DE69801517D1 (de) Verfahren zur verhinderung der verkalkung von aldehyd-fixierten bioprothesenmaterialien
DE69630990D1 (de) Biovertragliche Klebmasse
FI834150A0 (fi) Polymera akrylproteser
DE69630253D1 (de) Füllmaterial für implantierbare Prothesen aus Weichgewebe und Implantate daraus
DE69525189D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines orthopädischen Implantats
ATE355034T1 (de) Implantat zur anwendung im knochen und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen implantats
ATE149328T1 (de) Antilockerungsvorrichtung für knochengelenkprothese
DE69943067D1 (de) Verwendung von dreidimensionalen Prothesen, die Hyaluronsäurederivate enthalten
DE3880804D1 (de) Biologisch resorbierbares implantationsmaterial sowie verfahren zur herstellung desselben.
DE69617816D1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Prothesen für Knochenrekonstruktion
FR2746652B1 (fr) Utilisation de la coquille d'oeuf comme implant osseux et son mode de fabrication

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties