ATE14838T1 - Medizinische kapselvorrichtung. - Google Patents

Medizinische kapselvorrichtung.

Info

Publication number
ATE14838T1
ATE14838T1 AT82102421T AT82102421T ATE14838T1 AT E14838 T1 ATE14838 T1 AT E14838T1 AT 82102421 T AT82102421 T AT 82102421T AT 82102421 T AT82102421 T AT 82102421T AT E14838 T1 ATE14838 T1 AT E14838T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
chamber
liquid
operating member
pushing
movable member
Prior art date
Application number
AT82102421T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mikio Honda
Koichi Matsui
Kitijiro Kohri
Kazuo Misawa
Koji Kambara
Original Assignee
Olympus Optical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olympus Optical Co filed Critical Olympus Optical Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE14838T1 publication Critical patent/ATE14838T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M31/00Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
    • A61M31/002Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2210/00Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2210/0014Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
    • A61F2210/0023Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply
    • A61F2210/0033Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply electrically, e.g. heated by resistor

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
AT82102421T 1981-03-23 1982-03-23 Medizinische kapselvorrichtung. ATE14838T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP56041878A JPS57156736A (en) 1981-03-23 1981-03-23 Therapeutic capsule apparatus
EP82102421A EP0061195B1 (de) 1981-03-23 1982-03-23 Medizinische Kapselvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE14838T1 true ATE14838T1 (de) 1985-08-15

Family

ID=12620522

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT82102421T ATE14838T1 (de) 1981-03-23 1982-03-23 Medizinische kapselvorrichtung.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4439197A (de)
EP (1) EP0061195B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57156736A (de)
AT (1) ATE14838T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3265342D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (119)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57163309A (en) * 1981-04-01 1982-10-07 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Capsule apparatus for medical use
JPS58121938A (ja) * 1982-01-14 1983-07-20 舟久保 煕康 試料採取カプセル
US4564363A (en) * 1983-07-13 1986-01-14 Smithkline Beckman Corporation Delayed action assembly
US4801459A (en) * 1986-08-05 1989-01-31 Liburdy Robert P Technique for drug and chemical delivery
US4867980A (en) * 1986-10-10 1989-09-19 Coopers Animal Health Australia Limited Heavy density depot
US5238004A (en) * 1990-04-10 1993-08-24 Boston Scientific Corporation High elongation linear elastic guidewire
AU7991191A (en) * 1990-05-23 1991-12-10 Southwest Research Institute Filament system for delivering a medicament and method
US5198222A (en) * 1990-08-31 1993-03-30 Agribiotech, Inc. Time release bolus
US5167626A (en) * 1990-10-02 1992-12-01 Glaxo Inc. Medical capsule device actuated by radio-frequency (RF) signal
US5196002A (en) * 1990-10-09 1993-03-23 University Of Utah Research Foundation Implantable drug delivery system with piston acutation
AU650113B2 (en) * 1991-04-05 1994-06-09 Eli Lilly And Company Sustained release capsule and formulations
AU734462B2 (en) * 1991-04-05 2001-06-14 Eli Lilly And Company Sustained release capsule and formulations
AU708219B2 (en) * 1991-04-05 1999-07-29 Eli Lilly And Company Sustained release capsule and formulations
US5279607A (en) * 1991-05-30 1994-01-18 The State University Of New York Telemetry capsule and process
US5395366A (en) * 1991-05-30 1995-03-07 The State University Of New York Sampling capsule and process
US5314696A (en) * 1991-06-27 1994-05-24 Paulos Manley A Methods for making and administering a blinded oral dosage form and blinded oral dosage form therefor
US5316015A (en) * 1992-07-30 1994-05-31 Sinaiko Robert J Externally controlled intestinal content sampler
US6703197B1 (en) * 1996-11-27 2004-03-09 Martinex R&D, Inc. Human methionine synthase: cloning, and methods for evaluating risk of neural tube defects, cardiovascular disease, and cancer
US5782896A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-07-21 Light Sciences Limited Partnership Use of a shape memory alloy to modify the disposition of a device within an implantable medical probe
US5782799A (en) * 1997-02-07 1998-07-21 Sarcos, Inc. Method for automatic dosing of drugs
US6056734A (en) * 1997-02-07 2000-05-02 Sarcos Lc Method for automatic dosing of drugs
US6010492A (en) 1997-02-07 2000-01-04 Sarcos, Lc Apparatus for automatic administration of multiple doses of drugs
US5860957A (en) * 1997-02-07 1999-01-19 Sarcos, Inc. Multipathway electronically-controlled drug delivery system
US5951538A (en) * 1997-08-07 1999-09-14 Ceramatec, Inc. Gas generating device for delivering beneficial agents to a body cavity
US6045534A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-04-04 Sarcos, Inc. Disposable fluid injection module
US6086562A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-07-11 Sarcos, Inc. Disposable automatic injection device
US5980496A (en) * 1997-12-11 1999-11-09 Sarcos L.C. Topical drug dispersing apparatus
US6361552B1 (en) 1998-03-25 2002-03-26 Michael J. Badalamenti Teething gel applicator with cutter, and burstable ampule and method of making the same
IL126727A (en) 1998-10-22 2006-12-31 Given Imaging Ltd A method of bringing a device to the goal
US8636648B2 (en) * 1999-03-01 2014-01-28 West View Research, Llc Endoscopic smart probe
US10973397B2 (en) 1999-03-01 2021-04-13 West View Research, Llc Computerized information collection and processing apparatus
US7813789B2 (en) * 1999-06-15 2010-10-12 Given Imaging Ltd. In-vivo imaging device, optical system and method
IL130486A (en) * 1999-06-15 2005-08-31 Given Imaging Ltd Optical system
US7996067B2 (en) * 1999-06-15 2011-08-09 Given Imaging Ltd. In-vivo imaging device, optical system and method
GB9930000D0 (en) 1999-12-21 2000-02-09 Phaeton Research Ltd An ingestible device
AU2001227020A1 (en) * 2000-01-19 2001-07-31 Given Imaging Ltd. A system for detecting substances
US6682521B2 (en) 2000-03-23 2004-01-27 Dennis N. Petrakis Temperature activated systems
US6929636B1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2005-08-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Internal drug dispenser capsule medical device
US6632175B1 (en) 2000-11-08 2003-10-14 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Swallowable data recorder capsule medical device
US7468044B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2008-12-23 Given Imaging Ltd. Device, system and method for determining in vivo body lumen conditions
US7607402B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2009-10-27 Petrakis Dennis N Temperature responsive systems
US7445616B2 (en) * 2001-03-23 2008-11-04 Petrakis Dennis N Temperature responsive systems
US7655001B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2010-02-02 Petrakis Dennis N Temperature responsive systems
WO2004093942A2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-11-04 Petrakis Dennis N Temperature responsive systems
US7727169B1 (en) * 2001-06-11 2010-06-01 Given Imaging, Ltd. Device for in vivo sensing
JP4256256B2 (ja) * 2001-06-18 2009-04-22 ギブン イメージング リミテッド 硬質の区域および軟質の区域を有する回路基板を備えた生体内センシング装置
US7160258B2 (en) 2001-06-26 2007-01-09 Entrack, Inc. Capsule and method for treating or diagnosing the intestinal tract
US7083578B2 (en) * 2001-07-12 2006-08-01 Given Imaging Ltd. Device and method for examining a body lumen
US7585283B2 (en) * 2001-07-12 2009-09-08 Given Imaging Ltd. Device and method for examining a body lumen
US7662094B2 (en) * 2002-05-14 2010-02-16 Given Imaging Ltd. Optical head assembly with dome, and device for use thereof
US7001329B2 (en) * 2002-07-23 2006-02-21 Pentax Corporation Capsule endoscope guidance system, capsule endoscope holder, and capsule endoscope
US7684840B2 (en) * 2002-08-13 2010-03-23 Given Imaging, Ltd. System and method for in-vivo sampling and analysis
US8449452B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2013-05-28 Given Imaging Ltd. In-vivo sensing system
WO2004028336A2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-08 Given Imaging Ltd. Reduced size imaging device
US7727181B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2010-06-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Fluid delivery device with autocalibration
US7399401B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2008-07-15 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Methods for use in assessing a flow condition of a fluid
DE60336834D1 (de) 2002-10-09 2011-06-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc Kraftstoffzufuhrvorrichtung, system und verfahren
US7993108B2 (en) 2002-10-09 2011-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Variable volume, shape memory actuated insulin dispensing pump
WO2004036803A2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-29 Given Imaging Ltd. Device, system and method for transfer of signals to a moving device
US7572237B2 (en) * 2002-11-06 2009-08-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Automatic biological analyte testing meter with integrated lancing device and methods of use
US20080045788A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2008-02-21 Zvika Gilad Method and device of imaging with an in vivo imager
WO2004058041A2 (en) * 2002-12-26 2004-07-15 Given Imaging Ltd. Immobilizable in vivo sensing device
EP1576530A4 (de) * 2002-12-26 2009-03-25 Given Imaging Ltd In-vivo abbildungsvorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren dafür
US7833151B2 (en) * 2002-12-26 2010-11-16 Given Imaging Ltd. In vivo imaging device with two imagers
DE10310825B3 (de) * 2003-03-07 2004-08-19 Fachhochschule Jena Anordnung zur ferngesteuerten Freisetzung von Wirkstoffen
US7476224B2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2009-01-13 Petrakis Dennis N Temperature responsive systems
US7679407B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2010-03-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing peak detection circuitry for data communication systems
US8071028B2 (en) * 2003-06-12 2011-12-06 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing power management in data communication systems
WO2004112567A2 (en) * 2003-06-26 2004-12-29 Given Imaging Ltd. Methods, device and system for in vivo detection
US7315109B1 (en) * 2003-08-15 2008-01-01 Medrad, Inc. Actuators and fluid delivery systems using such actuators
JP2005074031A (ja) * 2003-09-01 2005-03-24 Pentax Corp カプセル内視鏡
US7604589B2 (en) * 2003-10-01 2009-10-20 Given Imaging, Ltd. Device, system and method for determining orientation of in-vivo devices
EP1530950A1 (de) * 2003-11-12 2005-05-18 Färgklämman AB Vorrichtung zur Probeentnahme und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US20050137468A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-23 Jerome Avron Device, system, and method for in-vivo sensing of a substance
US7647090B1 (en) 2003-12-30 2010-01-12 Given Imaging, Ltd. In-vivo sensing device and method for producing same
WO2005062717A2 (en) 2003-12-31 2005-07-14 Given Imaging Ltd. In-vivo sensing device with detachable part
JP2005245938A (ja) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-15 Pentax Corp 診断用着衣、診断用着衣システム、及び内視鏡システム
JP2005245937A (ja) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-15 Pentax Corp 通信機能付き着衣、及び内視鏡システム
US20050195785A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-08 Pentax Corporation Image signal processing device
JP2008501466A (ja) * 2004-06-07 2008-01-24 ギブン イメージング リミテッド 吸引生体検査法、システムおよび装置
US7643865B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2010-01-05 Given Imaging Ltd. Autonomous in-vivo device
US20060015013A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-19 Zvika Gilad Device and method for in vivo illumination
US8500630B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2013-08-06 Given Imaging Ltd. In vivo device with flexible circuit board and method for assembly thereof
US7596403B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2009-09-29 Given Imaging Ltd. System and method for determining path lengths through a body lumen
JP4656909B2 (ja) * 2004-10-15 2011-03-23 オリンパス株式会社 被検体内導入装置およびその製造方法
IL171772A (en) * 2004-11-04 2009-11-18 Given Imaging Ltd Device and method for selecting and integrating the absorption device
US7585275B2 (en) * 2005-01-18 2009-09-08 Hoya Corporation Capsule endoscope
US8738106B2 (en) * 2005-01-31 2014-05-27 Given Imaging, Ltd Device, system and method for in vivo analysis
WO2006102412A2 (en) 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Method and system for providing integrated medication infusion and analyte monitoring system
US20060224040A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-05 Given Imaging Ltd. In vivo imaging device and method of manufacture thereof
IL174531A0 (en) * 2005-04-06 2006-08-20 Given Imaging Ltd System and method for performing capsule endoscopy diagnosis in remote sites
JP4695432B2 (ja) * 2005-04-12 2011-06-08 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 被検体内導入装置、被検体内情報表示装置、及び被検体内情報取得システム
US7768408B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2010-08-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in data monitoring system
US7620437B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2009-11-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rechargeable power in data monitoring and management systems
US7756561B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-07-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rechargeable power in data monitoring and management systems
US7583190B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2009-09-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data communication in data monitoring and management systems
US7896805B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2011-03-01 Given Imaging Ltd. In-vivo imaging device and optical system thereof
EP1959830A4 (de) * 2005-12-02 2010-01-06 Given Imaging Ltd System und vorrichtung für verfahren in vivo
US20070167834A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-19 Amit Pascal In-vivo imaging optical device and method
US20070156051A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Amit Pascal Device and method for in-vivo illumination
US9320417B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2016-04-26 Given Imaging Ltd. In-vivo optical imaging device with backscatter blocking
US8344966B2 (en) * 2006-01-31 2013-01-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing a fault tolerant display unit in an electronic device
JP2009532168A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2009-09-10 ギブン イメージング リミテッド 生体内分析のための装置、システムおよび方法
US8579853B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2013-11-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Infusion devices and methods
WO2008062335A1 (en) * 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Medicament delivery device, capsule and in vivo medicine delivery or diagnostic system
US9895494B2 (en) * 2007-01-25 2018-02-20 DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. Syringe with energy delivery component and method of use
US8814847B2 (en) * 2007-07-13 2014-08-26 Cook Medical Technologies Llc Delivery system for percutaneous placement of a medical device and method of use thereof
US20090105532A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2009-04-23 Zvika Gilad In vivo imaging device and method of manufacturing thereof
US8515507B2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2013-08-20 Given Imaging Ltd. Device and method for detecting in-vivo pathology
US20090312627A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2009-12-17 Matott Laura A Radio-labeled ingestible capsule
US8560082B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2013-10-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Computerized determination of insulin pump therapy parameters using real time and retrospective data processing
WO2010129375A1 (en) 2009-04-28 2010-11-11 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop blood glucose control algorithm analysis
US8516691B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2013-08-27 Given Imaging Ltd. Method of assembly of an in vivo imaging device with a flexible circuit board
EP3936032B1 (de) 2009-07-23 2024-05-29 Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Echtzeitverwaltung von daten im zusammenhang mit der physiologischen kontrolle des blutzuckerspiegels
WO2011079050A2 (en) 2009-12-23 2011-06-30 The Smart Pill Corporation Method of evaluating constipation using an ingestible capsule
US8771201B2 (en) * 2010-06-02 2014-07-08 Vital Herd, Inc. Health monitoring bolus
CN106730284A (zh) * 2016-11-24 2017-05-31 上海理工大学 微胶囊式胃肠道药物释放系统
CA3093815A1 (en) 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 Progenity, Inc. Ingestible device with relatively large payload volume
CN108784633B (zh) * 2018-06-15 2024-04-09 安翰科技(武汉)股份有限公司 基于形状记忆弹簧的采样胶囊内窥镜

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH337989A (fr) * 1957-04-09 1959-04-30 Perrenoud Jean Pierre Dr Capsule
US3485235A (en) * 1967-12-04 1969-12-23 Ronald Felson Capsule for the study and treatment of the digestive tract
US3606592A (en) * 1970-05-20 1971-09-20 Bendix Corp Fluid pump
US4239040A (en) * 1976-10-19 1980-12-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Daini Seikosha Capsule for medical use
US4360019A (en) * 1979-02-28 1982-11-23 Andros Incorporated Implantable infusion device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0061195A3 (en) 1983-05-25
JPS57156736A (en) 1982-09-28
EP0061195A2 (de) 1982-09-29
US4439197A (en) 1984-03-27
EP0061195B1 (de) 1985-08-14
JPS6362216B2 (de) 1988-12-01
DE3265342D1 (en) 1985-09-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE14838T1 (de) Medizinische kapselvorrichtung.
DE3271246D1 (en) Driving device for an endoscopic-treatment instrument
ES227524U (es) Llave de paso perfeccionada.
SE7907587L (sv) Anordning for instellning av en ventils genomstromningstversnitt
GB1543009A (en) Vacuum switch
SE8101827L (sv) Termostat
ES477810A1 (es) Interruptor electrico.
FR2357048A1 (fr) Interrupteur electrique dote d'un propulseur electrodynamique et d'un amortisseur pneumatique
SU705558A1 (ru) Коммутационное устройство на магнитоуправл емых контактах
FR2308815A1 (fr) Commande oleopneumatique
FR2333337A1 (fr) Interrupteur electrique limiteur a coupure rapide
GB1480260A (en) Vacuum circuit interrupter assembly
JPS5362225A (en) Valve having movable valve body
GB1140064A (en) Watertight electric switches
FR2360123A1 (fr) Dispositif de limitation de la course de reglage d'une thermostat
Gringauz et al. Effect of a Holding Period at Constant Temperature on the Life of Thin-Walled Al Alloy AK 4-1 T 1 Jointed Parts
IT1175362B (it) Dispositivo di controllo della pressione interna delle camere d'aria, con allarme audio-visivo di bassa pressione, munito di speciale interruttore automatico
JPS6487904A (en) Hydraulic actuator with environment-proof type sensor
Mohamed et al. Recent developments in deformation mechanism maps for ceramics
JPS5361829A (en) Temperature and pressure response switch
JPS57127217A (en) Power supply controlling device
FR2356255A2 (fr) Commutateur electrique a contact liquide
JPS5231637A (en) Differencial amplifier
JPS5389319A (en) Semiconductor device
GB1527715A (en) Continuous volume change measuring device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties