AT523139A1 - Process for energy generation and storage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for energy generation and storage, wherein a storage power plant and at least one system for the generation of renewable energy, in particular in the form of a photovoltaic system, wind power plant, tidal power plant, water power plant are combined locally and where the generated renewable energy is at least partially used to to convey a medium of the storage power plant from a lower level to a higher level or at least one of the storage volumes of a storage power plant is increased during ongoing operation, this being done by mass movements resulting from mining, landfill creation and / or landscaping

Description

description

The invention relates to a method for generating energy and

Storage.

The invention relates to the resource and energy industry and enables an almost emission-free increase or Multiplication of power plant outputs and amounts of energy through

Use of renewable energies at suitable locations.

With a suitable design, the method can be used both for existing hydro power plants and for planned storage facilities

and buildings are used.

According to the prior art, storage power plants and pumped storage power plants are known. A storage power plant (Fig. 1) uses the potential energy of an upper basin 2 at a defined height above the generator house 1. The stored amount of water or fluid reaches the generator in the generator house 1 via downpipes 4 and converts the potential energy into electrical energy. The water or fluid flowing through is mostly discharged into a receiving water after the generator house 1. The electrical energy is supplied to the via a line network 5

respective consumers.

The output of the power plant is determined by the available storage volume V1 in the upper basin, the resulting flow rate O7 and the difference in height difference dH. The flow rate ’is a function of the volume V1. The power P of the power plant is one

Function of the flow rate 0 ° and the height difference OH.

Such a power plant is, however, largely dependent on the amount of naturally flowing water and thus directly on the weather.

A pumped storage power plant (Fig. 2) uses the potential energy of an upper basin 2 in. A defined height above

Generator house 1. The amount of water or fluid stored

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reaches the generator in generator house 1 via downpipes 4 and converts the potential energy into electrical energy. The flowing water or fluid is collected after the power station house or generator house 1 in a lower basin 3 and partly in

discharge a receiving water.

In contrast to the conventional storage power plant, in this system excess energy 8, which can be obtained via the line network 5, is used to transport water or fluid via a pumping station 6 and a riser 7 back to the higher energy level of the upper basin 2. This enables the amount of memory or the storage volume for the later

to increase demand-oriented energy generation.

The electrical energy is supplied to the via a line network 5

respective consumers.

The expanded output of the pumped storage power plant is largely determined by the time available and cost-covering amount of excess energy 8 from the pipeline network 5, the storage amount V1 in the upper basin 2 as well as the difference in height difference dH and the expanded

Flow rate © ‘determined.

With this system, significant increases in

Realize power plant services.

It is disadvantageous that, particularly in times when the energy demand is naturally higher (e.g. winter half year), inexpensive excess energy 8 is only available to a limited extent and in variable quantities. In addition, some of this excess energy 8 still comes from power plants that run on coal,

Petroleum, natural gas or nuclear energy are operated.

The object of the invention is to improve the

existing technology of storage power plants.

In a first variant of a method for

Energy generation and storage is suggested to be one

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Storage power plant and at least one system for generating renewable energy, in particular in the form of a photovoltaic system, wind power plant, tidal power plant, hydropower plant are combined locally and the renewable energy generated is at least partially used to transfer a medium of the storage power plant from a lower level

to be promoted to a higher level. The higher level can be on a building.

The higher level can be artificial or natural

There is an increase in terrain.

Preferably, at least one storage volume of the storage power plant can be created by mass movements resulting from mining, landfill creation and / or landscaping

be enlarged.

The storage power plant is preferably self-sufficient from the local one

Plant for the production of renewable energy supplied.

The storage power plant and the local system for generating renewable energy can preferably be local consumers, such as industrial companies, households or, in particular, a mining system

self-sufficient with energy.

Preferably, the energy supply through the plant for the production of renewable energy can be discontinuous and / or with fluctuating power and a momentary energy requirement, which exceeds the momentary capacity of the plant for the production of renewable energy, can be compensated by the storage power plant by the Medium of the storage power plant from the higher level to the lower level, the energy released into electrical energy

is converted.

In a second embodiment variant, a method for generating and storing energy is proposed, comprising a storage power plant, in which a medium of the storage power plant is increased from a lower level to a level for energy storage

higher level is promoted and which an upper

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Having storage volumes and a lower storage volume for the medium, with at least one of the storage volumes being increased during ongoing operation, this being due to mass movements resulting from mining, landfill creation

and / or landscaping is done.

The storage power plant and a system for generating renewable energy, in particular in the form of a photovoltaic system, wind power plant, tidal power plant, or water power plant are preferably combined locally and the renewable energy generated is at least partially used to convert a medium of the storage power plant from a lower level to a higher level

To convey height level.

The plant for the generation of renewable energy is preferably continuously expanded to include the renewable energy provided

to adjust the increased storage volume.

Preferably, at least one, preferably both, of the original storage volumes, which are already available when the storage power plant is built or put into operation, is formed by a volume that was created through mining, i.e. through material removal and / or backfill in the course of mining activity

at least one raw material.

Preferably, at least one of the original storage volumes is expanded after the storage power plant has been put into operation by further volumes that are created by mining, i.e. by material removal and / or backfill in the course of the mining activity of at least one raw material, this being preferably ongoing or

takes place at least several times at time intervals.

The process in question is a process that combines existing technology in a novel combination and mode of operation at suitable locations. This results in manifold synergies that promote and enable energy generation and resource conservation for the future.

In one embodiment, the method includes

synergetic combination of mass movements (mining, landfills,

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Landscaping) for the purpose of providing elevated

Storage volumes for subsequent energy generation.

In one embodiment variant, the method includes the direct integration of renewable energy sources (generation and use of renewable energy from photovoltaic systems, wind power systems and / or water power systems) in a largely closed one

System cycle for generating electrical energy.

In one embodiment variant, the method includes increasing the achievable power plant line by continuously expanding areas (photovoltaics) and / or by continuously increasing the number of systems (wind power, water power) to increase the

Harvesting renewable energy.

In one embodiment, the process includes the conservation and increased efficiency of the natural resources used (mineral and non-mineral raw materials, water, waste), through technical processes (landscaping,

Mass movements). Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the prior art. Exemplary preferred variants of the

The process in question is illustrated in FIGS. 23-8

illustrated.

Fig. 3: illustrates the increase in performance of a

Power plant by increasing the storage volume.

Fig. 4: illustrates the increase in performance of a

Power plant through solar energy.

Fig. 5: illustrates the further increase in performance of a

Power plant through solar energy.

Fig. 6: illustrates the use of the objective

Procedure on buildings with sufficient overall height.

Fig. 7: illustrates the energy supply of municipalities. Fig. 8: illustrates the production of energy with other media.

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As illustrated in FIG. 3, the output of a power plant can be increased by increasing the storage volumes

respectively.

The power plant output can be increased by using the available volume for storing water or a fluid in the upper basin 2 as well as in the lower basin 3

is enlarged.

This volume can be enlarged, taking into account the geomorphological site conditions, by raising dams or edge dams or by deepening an existing storage basin 2, 3 in the geological one

Underground.

According to the invention, these enlargements V3, V4 are achieved in that integrated or adjacent raw material extraction and / or terrain designs / landfills in the area of existing or planned storage basins and power plants are implemented in such a way that the resulting cavities and additional volumes for a parallel or subsequent storage of

Water or a fluid can be used.

The increase in volume can in particular by

Mining depressions and / or dam elevations take place.

The storage basins are preferably enlarged

continuously and / or during ongoing operation of the power plant.

The enlargement can take place both laterally and vertically, with downpipes 4 or risers 7 to the lowest / highest point if necessary in the case of a vertical depression

the respective storage basin must be performed.

Depending on the local conditions, additional storage volumes can be arranged directly adjacent, separated by intermediate dams (cascade or pearl-like) or spatially separated with appropriate connecting lines.

Another potential for increasing storage volumes is that waste material (mountains, deaf

Rock), excavated soil, construction waste and other materials,

71725

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which are currently being uselessly deposited or permanently disposed of in landfills with considerable energy expenditure, can be used sensibly for the production of dams, walls, reinforcements or lamination (landscape) of dams and the like. Existing or planned landfills can also be geometrically designed in such a way that storage spaces are created that are suitable for the

subsequent energy use can be used.

The main advantage of increasing the output by increasing the storage volume is based on the fact that naturally flowing water and excess energy 8 can be stored to a greater extent and for a longer period of time, so that on the one hand the power plant output can be increased through the higher flow rate O0 'and on the other hand through the larger storage facility Periods with increased energy demand or a smaller amount of excess energy 8 from the network can be bridged longer

can.

By increasing the storage volume, the number or cross-sections of the downpipes can be increased and the flow rate / time unit © can be increased proportionally. By increasing the storage volume, more excess energy can be used for storage, since there is more medium or mass in the upper storage. In addition, by enlarging the lower reservoir or lower basin 3, the volume which moves up to the upper reservoir for renewed storage can be increased

can be.

From the author's point of view, through targeted spatial, technical, economic and temporal bundling of technical possibilities in raw materials management, waste management and energy management, both existing and planned storage power plants and pumped storage power plants can be integrated into

significantly increase their efficiency and output.

Due to the advantageous combination of the technical possibilities of the energy industry and the technical possibilities of mining and / or waste management, a

Improvement in the form of increasing storage volumes from

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Reached storage power plants, in particular pumped storage power plants, which, unlike in the prior art, does not only take place when the power plant is being built, but rather an ongoing one

Enlargement is possible while the power plant is in operation.

Figure 4 illustrates the increase in output of a power plant

through solar energy.

With reference to the explanations above, the power plant output can be further increased if, in addition or as a substitute (alternative or additive) to the supply of excess energy 8 from the network, renewable energy is used on site to operate the pumping station 6. The renewable energy that is obtained via photovoltaic systems 9 or also at suitable locations via wind power and / or water power is used for lifting

of water or fluid via a pumping station 6 is used.

With the addition of the photovoltaic system 9, under suitable lighting conditions (exposure to the sun), about 12-14% of the gross amount of energy brought from the sun to the earth's surface can be harvested in the form of electrical energy, according to the currently achievable technical standard. This means that the power of the pumping station 6 over the

available and directly obtained solar energy can be controlled

can.

This in turn means that with an increasing amount of energy, which is obtained largely in a climate-neutral manner from the areas A1 of the photovoltaic systems 9, the amount of water returned to the upper basin 2

or the amount of fluid 0 ° ‘can be increased considerably.

With the increased return rate, the flow rate can approach 0 ° and thus the power plant output in times of need

can be increased linearly.

The electrical energy (DC direct current) that can be obtained from the photovoltaic system 9 primarily depends on the size or area A1 of the solar collectors of the photovoltaic system 9. As a further consequence, the angle of incidence and the availability of sunlight are further decisive factors for the harvest of

Solar energy.

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A major advantage of photovoltaic systems, in addition to the largely climate-neutral mode of operation (emissions occur to a lesser extent during the manufacture of the systems), is that sunlight is also available in sufficient quantities in those times of the year (winter) when, firstly, the natural The inflow of water into storage basins is lower and, secondly, the energy requirement is inevitably higher due to the low temperatures. By adjusting the inclination of the collectors, it is also possible in winter when the sun is low

Harvest similar amounts of energy as in the other seasons.

In summary, the essential and important finding is that the electrical energy that can be obtained from the photovoltaic system 9 is ultimately a direct function of the

available space for the installation of solar panels.

Of course, the energy (alternating current) obtained and converted from the photovoltaic system 9 via solar inverters or via direct current-operated generators can also be sent directly and as required via the line network 5 to the consumers

be guided.

Fig. 5 illustrates the further increase in performance of a

Power plant through solar energy.

With reference to what has already been said, the power plant output can be increased if the area of the

Photovoltaic system 9 is further enlarged.

By increasing the solar harvest (or wind energy, hydropower), a state can be achieved which, in combination with the available storage basins 2 and 3, results in a detachment / decoupling from the supply of externally supplied

Excess energy 8 via the line network 5 allows.

As the collector area Al to An increases, the amount of water carried to the upper basin 2 in a unit of time can be 0 ° ‘with harvested solar energy until a limit of the area available AL to An for solar collectors is reached

can be increased indefinitely.

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With the help of the harvested solar energy, which can possibly also continue to be supported by wind energy, water power or excess energy 8 from the line network 5, the amount of water or fluid amount 07 ° returned to the higher energy level of the upper basin 2 according to the area Al to An of the photovoltaic system 9 Linear over the amount of energy harvested up to

be multiplied to achieve the maximum storage volume.

In a further consequence, this also means, in reverse, that the flow rate © ’flowing downwards from the upper basin 2 to the power plant or generator house 1 within the above area and volume limits can be increased at will

can be.

This is comparable to an hourglass, which gains storage capacity by increasing its volume and which can be turned faster and more often thanks to the supplied and regenerative solar energy. The flow rates 0 ° ‘and 0 ° of sand in the hourglass can also be continuously increased in the course of this increased number of turns by increasing the flow constriction

can be enlarged, which leads to higher energy production.

Furthermore, this system of solar energy-assisted circulation also enables such power plants to be operated without natural inflow and without outflow into a receiving water

can.

The amount of water or fluid required for storage and for energy generation, once stored and subsequently circulating, which is essentially determined by the storage volumes V1, V2, V3, V4... VYn, can be almost infinitely often between the upper and lower Energy level can be circulated. Only unavoidable losses need to be compensated

from evaporation and other leaks in the system. In summary, this means:

- The power plant output can be increased by the continuous addition of solar collectors (photovoltaics) via the associated

Possibility to increase the amount of water circulating or

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Fluid quantities 0 ”, 07 ° can be increased linearly to the limits of the available space for solar collectors.

- Apart from the first required storage filling and the unavoidable losses from evaporation and leakages during operation, the pumped storage operation can be decoupled and thus detached from ongoing withdrawals from natural waters in a closed cycle.

- Such circular solutions can be implemented wherever height differences (potentials) are naturally present or are created artificially / technically and where sunlight is available. These prerequisites are - except during the seasonal dark times north and south of the respective polar circles - everywhere on the planet

given.

In addition to the previously presented system of energy generation from the combination of storage basins, potential difference, volume flow and generating electricity in a hydropower plant, the method in question can also be

find use in other contexts.

Fig. 6 illustrates the use of the subject

Procedure on buildings with sufficient overall height.

Since the potential difference or height difference between the upper storage basin and the generator located at the lower base is an essential factor for determining the power plant output, high-rise buildings, towers and skyscrapers are ideal for the installation of this system.

The upper building parts of structurally suitable and sufficiently high buildings can be used as water reservoirs or upper basins 2. The generator house 1 and the pumping station 6 are ideally relocated to the building underground or to the basement of the building.

The downpipes 4 and risers 7 between the upper basin 2 and the lower basin 3 are routed inside the building or on the outside. In the building underground or in

In front of the building there is a lower basin 3 for receiving the

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fluids or water already used for energy generation.

Using the method in question, a variable increase in the solar area and the associated energy generation can be carried out using photovoltaic surfaces that are attached to building facades, building roofs, parking spaces, or other surrounding areas.

A direct feed of solar energy via the photovoltaic surfaces into the building itself or into the surrounding power grid is possible in parallel regardless of the circular operation in the present process.

The generator output or the power plant output is also determined here in analogy to the design variants in FIGS. 3-5 via the available storage volume, the height difference, the available collector area and the associated possible circulating volume of the water or the fluid and can primarily be via the areas available for solar harvest are controlled within the limits already described.

With this system in connection with tall buildings, towers and skyscrapers, an energy supply is possible which, especially in urban areas, opens up opportunities for energy generation and energy storage that are moving in the direction of an increasingly independent, self-sufficient supply of buildings or parts of cities.

In addition, this system supports a type of construction that reduces land consumption, especially in densely populated areas, since the amount of energy that can be generated increases linearly with the height of buildings and structures. Furthermore, water surfaces, water conduits in urban areas as well as in and on buildings can be valuable design elements and micro-climatic

represent helpful facilities.

Fig. 7 illustrates the energy supply for municipalities.

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Municipalities (towns, villages, settlements) can independently generate and generate energy using this method

Save or use as required.

In analogy to the explanations above, the prerequisites for this system are a potential difference (i.e., height difference), an adequately dimensioned upper basin 2, an adequately dimensioned lower basin 3, downpipes 4, risers 7, power plant or generator house 1 and pumping station 6 as well as sufficient and spatial Cheap

Areas located for accommodating the photovoltaic system 9.

Depending on the dimensioning of the different components, this system can be used to a large extent to local authorities

become independent of external energy supply. Fig. 8 illustrates the production of energy with other media.

In areas where no water or other liquid transport media are available (deserts, arid areas), energy production and energy storage can take place in such a way that virtually flowable, non-cohesive media (sand, grit, stones, granulate ...) via conveyor belts 10 in Combination with photovoltaic systems 9 the system already described

to recreate.

The conveyor belts 10 take over the function of the pipelines. Funnel-like storage tanks, which are filled with the respective transport medium, serve as the upper basin and

Lower basin.

In analogy to the explanations above, the prerequisites for this system are a potential difference (i.e., height difference), an adequately dimensioned upper basin (funnel 11), an adequately dimensioned lower basin (funnel 12), conveyor belts 10 for the movement or flow of the medium, Generator 13 and motor 14 as well as sufficient and spatially favorable areas for the

Photo of the photovoltaic system 9.

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This system can be used, for example, in mining operations, industrial operations, etc. that require an emission-free energy supply in desert areas or in dry areas far from an adequate water supply

need.

The system supplies at least one local consumer 15, for example selected from motor, heating, cooling,

Lighting.

The mode of operation is comparable to that of a pumped storage power plant. Instead of the water or the fluid, flowable, non-binding materials (sand, grit, stones, granulate ...) serve as a transport medium and as a storage medium for the demand-oriented generation and use of energy. Due to the mostly higher density of these media, the energy yield increases in case operation, which in turn also increases the energy input for lifting to the upper one

Energy level required.

This increased supply energy can in turn be provided via the area of the collectors (photovoltaics) or via the number of wind turbines or other alternative local energy sources

become.

One possible mode of operation is that, during the day, when the sun is shining, material is transported via the ascending conveyor belt 10 from the lower funnel 12 with the aid of solar energy (photovoltaics, possibly supported by wind energy) to a higher location

Level is promoted and stored there.

For energy supply at night or in unfavorable weather conditions, the upper store or hopper 11 is emptied if necessary and braked as a generator via the falling conveyor belt 10 and a power generator 13 integrated therein. Energy is generated using the power plant formula. The technical design can be variable. To build

of the height difference can be natural height differences

(Land use) or artificial

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Constructions (tower-like structures, silos,

Truss constructions, etc.) are produced.

The inventive method can be used to increase the performance of

existing storage power plants.

Existing storage power plants can be increased in their performance using the present method if photovoltaic systems are installed on sufficiently dimensioned and spatially favorably located areas, which allow pumped storage operation with the aid of emission-free

support recoverable solar energy.

The mode of operation is identical to that described in FIGS. 3-5

has been described.

To increase performance, it may be necessary to provide higher generator outputs and additional connecting lines (pipes, tunnels ...) between the

Establish energy levels.

The method according to the invention can be used not only storage power plants, but also other existing or planned power plants (solar power plants, wind power plants, ...) so that they can be operated as an on-site system. For example, existing solar power plants and wind power plants can temporarily store the excess energy they have gained by adding large amounts of water, fluid or media storage (sand, stones ...) in appropriate volumes (V, OH). The spatial and spatial link between the power plant and the storage facility will add further

Establish synergies.

The process in question makes use of already known technologies and processes that have proven themselves in practice

and can be regarded as state of the art.

The main difference as well as the advantages in the presently presented method are compared to the technologies used up to now and known to the author, that with the help of and with the integration of largely unrestricted and reliable

available alternative energy (photovoltaics, wind energy,

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Water energy), a circulatory system can be created that, under suitable site conditions (difference in altitude, storage volume, solar radiation), is detached from external, artificial energy supply, considerable and reliable

Develops energy potential.

In a similar way of thinking, gravitational forms of energy can also be used

(Tidal power plants) can be integrated into the process.

In the holistic view, the objective imitates

Process the natural cycles in nature.

In the natural water cycle of the atmosphere, as a result of the supply of solar energy, huge mass movements occur daily in the circulatory system between rising evaporation, condensation in the atmosphere, precipitation from the atmosphere, moisture penetration and water formation and finally renewed return to the system of evaporation.

With the process in question, this system is imitated and constructively mapped to the extent that the sub-area evaporation, condensation and precipitation of the natural one

Circulatory system is artificially shortened in the circulation.

Through the use of photovoltaic systems, which also through

other regenerative energy sources (wind power, water power, tidal forces ..) can be supported, water, which is in the natural cycle by means of evaporation, is higher

Energy potential reached, via pumping stations and pipelines

brought back to a higher energy level.

In the case of the most important technology of photovoltaics according to the current state of the art, from the applicant's point of view, only about 12% -14% of the gross input energy of the sun is available as solar harvest for the circulation of the water. However, the required solar power can be achieved simply and linearly by increasing the collector area of the photovoltaic systems or, subsequently, by increasing the number of wind turbines or more

Hydropower plants are controlled.

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With the increasing size of the collector area or the number of other regenerative energy generation systems, the intensity of the "precipitation" or the extent of the water supply into the upper storage basin can be increased in this artificial circulatory system of the process in question, until the area limits for the installation of the "solar harvesting machines" are reached be or

the available storage volume is exhausted.

The possibilities and potentials of decentralized, regional and variably increased generation of electrical energy associated with the process in question also open up corresponding possibilities for using this energy to generate other energy sources such as

Hydrogen from electrolysis.

Currently, the widespread dissemination of this future-oriented and environmentally friendly mobility technology is still failing, among other things, because the transport of hydrogen over long distances is technically difficult and / or due to a lack of distribution networks or insufficient transport capacities (transport of hydrogen under very high pressure conditions)

is uneconomical.

The author is aware that the present process is based on existing technologies and processes

falls back.

What is essential, however, is that the consistent combination of these known technologies as well as the knowledge of the possibilities of enlarging the area or increasing the number to increase the solar harvest in combination with the provision of sufficient storage volumes opens up energy potentials that make a significant contribution to future energy supply and to the reduction of climate-damaging greenhouse gases from fossil fuels

Can deliver fuels.

With this in mind, the author hopes that the process will make a helpful contribution to securing human futures

becomes.

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Claims (10)

Expectations 1. A method for generating and storing energy, characterized in that a storage power plant and at least one system for generating renewable energy, in particular in the form of a photovoltaic system, wind power plant, tidal power plant, hydropower plant, are combined locally and the renewable energy generated is at least partially used for this purpose, to a medium of the storage power plant from a lower level to a to convey higher height level. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the there is a higher height level on a building. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the higher altitude level on an artificial or natural There is an increase in terrain. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one storage volume of the storage power plant by mass movements resulting from mining, landfill creation and / or landscaping is enlarged. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the storage power plant is self-sufficient from the local system for generating renewable energy is supplied. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the storage power plant and the local system for generating renewable energy local consumers, such as industrial companies, households or in particular, supply a mining facility with self-sufficient energy. page 18 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the energy supply by the plant for the production of renewable energy is discontinuous and / or with fluctuating power and a momentary energy requirement which exceeds the current capacity of the plant for the production of renewable energy , is compensated by the storage power plant in that the energy released by the transport of the medium of the storage power plant from the higher level to the lower level is in electrical energy is converted. 8. A method for energy generation and storage comprising a storage power plant, in which a medium of the storage power plant is conveyed from a lower height level to a higher height level for energy storage and which has an upper storage volume and a lower storage volume for the medium, characterized in that at least one of the Storage volumes are increased during ongoing operation, this being due to mass movements resulting from mining, landfill creation and / or Landscaping is done. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the storage power plant and a system for generating renewable energy, in particular in the form of a photovoltaic system, wind power plant, tidal power plant, or water power plant are combined locally and the renewable energy generated is at least partially used to a medium of the storage power plant of one to move a lower level to a higher level. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the plant for the production of renewable energy is continuously expanded to include the renewable energy provided to adjust the increased storage volume. page 19