AT519894A1 - CLEANING PROCESS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces, preferably of metallic surfaces, comprising the step of contacting the surface to be cleaned with an aqueous cleaning solution comprising at least one alkali hydroxide, at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate at one temperature from 10 ° C to 80 ° C.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces, preferably metallic surfaces.

The cleaning and disinfection of surfaces includes of great importance in the field of food production and pharmaceutical production. In particular, devices that come into contact with food and pharmaceuticals or their starting products in the production process must be subjected to thorough cleaning and disinfection on a regular basis. In many cleaning processes, cleaning solutions based on alkali hydroxides or strongly oxidizing substances are used. In order to be able to carry out an efficient cleaning, the cleaning is usually carried out at temperatures of more than 80 ° C. This means that cleaning and disinfection, especially of production plants, leads to high costs, since a lot of thermal energy is required to carry out efficient cleaning.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide methods and agents which make it possible to efficiently clean and disinfect soiled surfaces even at temperatures lower than usual.

The present invention therefore relates to a method for cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces, preferably metallic, ceramic and / or glass surfaces, comprising the step of bringing the surface to be cleaned into contact with an aqueous cleaning solution comprising at least one alkali metal hydroxide, at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate at a temperature of 10 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably 10 ° C to 70 ° C, particularly preferably 10 ° C to 60 ° C.

Surprisingly, it has been found that aqueous cleaning solutions comprising at least one alkali hydroxide, at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate already show excellent cleaning and disinfection performance at temperatures of 60 ° C. and less, which otherwise only occur at higher temperatures above 70 ° C. can be achieved up to over 80 ° C with alkali hydroxides and / or strong oxidizing agents. This property makes it possible to significantly reduce the costs and the outlay on cleaning or disinfection processes, since a smaller amount of thermal energy has to be introduced compared to conventional cleaning processes. The aqueous cleaning solution thus has a temperature of 10 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably 10 ° C. to 70 ° C., particularly preferably 10 ° C. to 60 ° C., during the cleaning or disinfection process.

In addition, it was shown that persulfates in the presence of alkali hydroxides have a higher stability, especially temperature stability, than other strong oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. This shows that the duration of the oxidation effect of persulfates in the presence of alkali hydroxides lasts significantly longer than comparable oxidizing agents. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of oxidizing agent (i.e. persulfate) used.

Different surfaces can be cleaned and disinfected with the method according to the invention. The surface to be treated should be essentially resistant to oxidizing agents, so that ceramic, metallic and glass surfaces are particularly preferably treated with the aqueous cleaning solution according to the invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metallic surfaces comprise or consist of stainless steel and / or other inert metals (such as platinum, gold) or metal alloys, surfaces consisting of or comprising stainless steel being particularly preferred, since these are usually used in the production plants of the pharmaceutical industry and in food production (including beverage production such as wine and beer production). Pipes and containers of any kind are particularly preferably cleaned or disinfected with the method according to the invention. Accordingly, a surface can be any shape and part of any object.

With the method according to the invention, impurities of any kind can be removed from a surface. Common contaminants from the food industry (e.g. fat and protein deposits, burnt-on food residues) and the pharmaceutical industry (e.g. residues from the manufacture of pharmaceuticals) are preferably cleaned. In addition to being used for cleaning surfaces, the method according to the invention can also be used for disinfecting surfaces. Cells of all kinds, in particular microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae and protozoa, but also animal, human and plant cells, are destroyed or at least damaged to such an extent that they are no longer viable. In addition, viruses can also be rendered harmless with the method according to the invention.

The process according to the invention can be carried out either batchwise (i.e. discontinuously) or continuously (e.g. by passing the aqueous cleaning solution according to the invention through pipes or containers to be cleaned). The method according to the invention is particularly preferably used in the context of a CIP method (“cleaning in place” method, locally-based cleaning method). CIP processes usually include several process steps such as (1) pre-rinsing to remove coarse soiling, (2) cleaning with an alkaline agent (usually an alkali hydroxide), (3) removal of the cleaning agent by rinsing with water, (4) optional Acid treatment to remove limescale, (5) optional acid removal with water and (6) disinfection. At least step (2) of a CIP process is always carried out at temperatures of at least 70 ° C. in order to enable efficient cleaning of the alkaline agent. Instead of step (2) of the CIP method described above, the method according to the invention can be used. “Alkali hydroxides”, also known as “alkali metal hydroxides”, are hydroxides of the alkali metals and have the general formula MeOH (Me - alkali metal). "Alkali hydroxides" dissolve easily in water with strong heating to form strongly alkaline solutions. “Persulfates” are salts of peroxodisulfuric acid H2S2O8 or peroxomonosulfuric acid H2SO5 and have a high oxidation potential. “Phosphonates” are organic compounds (“organic phosphonates”) of phosphonic acid (H3PO3) and salts thereof. Organic phosphonate compounds can have the general structure R-PO (OH) 2, where R can be an alkyl or aryl radical or another organic radical. Phosphonates can also comprise amino groups so that they have the general structure NR2- (CH2) x-PO (OH) 2, where R can be an alkyl radical or hydrogen and x can be an integer between 0 and 5, preferably 1 to 3. If a phosphonate comprises more than one of these organic phosphonates, one speaks of bisphosphonates or poly-phosphonates. Organic phosphonates can be acids or be present as salts, preferably as alkali metal salts. “At least one”, as stated herein, means that the aqueous cleaning solution, for example, can comprise one or more (e.g. two, three, four or five) different substances from the substance or compound groups mentioned.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous solution comprises 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2% by weight to 3% by weight, even more preferably 0.3% by weight to 1.5% by weight, even more preferably 0.4% by weight to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% by weight, of the at least one alkali metal hydroxide.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous solution comprises 0.1% by weight to 2% by weight, preferably 0.2% by weight to 1.5% by weight, even more preferably 0.3% by weight to 1% by weight, even more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, even more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.6% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% by weight, of the at least one persulfate.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous solution comprises 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight, preferably 0.02% by weight to 0.9% by weight, even more preferably 0.05% by weight to 0.8% by weight, even more preferably 0.075% by weight to 0.7% by weight, even more preferably 0.1% by weight to 0.6% by weight, even more preferably 0.2% by weight to 0.6% by weight, even more preferably 0.3% by weight % to 0.6% by weight, more preferably 0.5% by weight, of at least one organic phosphonate.

The at least one alkali hydroxide is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH), with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide being particularly preferred.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one persulfate is a salt of peroxodisulfuric acid or peroxomonosulfuric acid.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one persulfate is a peroxodisulfate which is selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate and ammonium peroxodisulfate, and / or a peroxomonosulfate which is selected from the group consisting of potassium peroxomonosulfate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one organic phosphonate comprises 1 to 4 phosphonic acid groups, an organic radical being bonded to the phosphorus atom of each phosphonic acid group, the organic radical being selected from the group consisting of a C1 to C5 alkyl A radical which is optionally substituted and / or is interrupted by a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, a C2 to C4 alkenyl radical and a poly (C2 to C4 alkoxy) radical comprising 1 or 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, further more preferably 2 to 100 alkoxy units.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one phosphonate is selected from the group consisting of etidronic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), amino-tris (methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), 1-hydroxyethane (1,1-diphosphonic acid) (HEDP), diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP), ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP) and a salt thereof, preferably an alkali metal salt, in particular a sodium or potassium salt. The at least one phosphonate etidronic acid and / or PBTC is particularly preferred.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous cleaning solution comprises at least one salt, preferably an alkali salt, of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid.

Permanganic acid (HMnO4), iron acid (H2FeO4) and chromic acid (H2CrO4) as well as their salts, especially their alkali salts, are known for their strong oxidizing effects. That Due to their oxidative effect, these acids and salts are particularly suitable for cleaning and especially disinfecting surfaces, since organic compounds are oxidized in such processes. In addition to the oxidative properties, salts of permanganic acid, iron acid and chromic acid are characterized by the fact that they have a specific color depending on the oxidation level. That If the anion of permanganic acid, iron acid and chromic acid is reduced by reaction with an organic compound, for example, a color change occurs. This color change shows whether organic compounds and thus impurities are present in a solution or on a surface. If there is no or an insignificant color change, there are no organic compounds. As a result, salts of permanganic acid, iron acid and chromic acid can be used particularly well to indicate the presence of any organic compounds / impurities.

When a permanganate is reduced, manganese (VII) is reduced to manganese (VI), the color of a permangan-containing solution changing from violet to green. When a chromate is reduced, chromium (VI) is reduced, and the color of a chromate-containing solution changes from yellow to green. When a ferrate is reduced, iron (VI) is reduced, and the color of a ferrate-containing solution changes from red to colorless. Due to the color-changing properties, salts of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid are suitable as an indicator of the presence of organic compounds.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium ferrate and potassium dichromate, with potassium permanganate being particularly preferred.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous cleaning solution comprises the at least one salt of permanganoic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid in a weight ratio to the at least one organic phosphonate from 1:50 to 1: 500, preferably from 1:75 to 1: 300, more preferably from 1: 100 to 1: 200.

If the aqueous cleaning solution according to the invention comprises more than one salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid and / or more than one organic phosphonate, the weight ratio relates to the totality of all salts of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid and / or all organic phosphonates that are in this solution.

In order to increase the stability of the aqueous cleaning solution, certain components are preferably mixed shortly before the cleaning or disinfection process or provided as an aqueous solution. The aqueous cleaning solution which is used in the process according to the invention is therefore preferably prepared by mixing an aqueous solution A comprising at least one alkali metal hydroxide with an aqueous solution B comprising at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate before cleaning the surface. Methods for producing such aqueous solutions are well known to the person skilled in the art.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous solution A with the aqueous solution B is a maximum of 12 hours, preferably a maximum of 8 hours, even more preferably a maximum of 6 hours, even more preferably a maximum of 4 hours, even more preferably a maximum of 2 hours, even more preferred mixed up to a maximum of 1 hour before cleaning to the aqueous cleaning solution. The aqueous solutions A and B can likewise be prepared shortly beforehand by introducing the at least one alkali metal hydroxide or the at least one persulfate and optionally the at least one organic phosphonate in water.

After mixing the aqueous solutions A and B to form the aqueous cleaning solution, the at least one alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid, as defined above, can be added to the aqueous cleaning solution. Alternatively, the at least one alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid can also first be added to the aqueous solution B.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the surface to be cleaned with the aqueous cleaning solution at a temperature of 10 ° C to 55 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 54 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 53 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 52 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 51 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 50 ° C , even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 49 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 48 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 47 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 46 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 45 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 40 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 35 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 30 ° C, more preferably at a Te temperature of 20 ° C to 60 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 59 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 58 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 57 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 56 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 55 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 54 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 53 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 52 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 51 ° C, even more preferably at a Temperature from 20 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 49 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 48 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 47 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 46 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 45 ° C, even more preferably at a temperature from 20 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 35 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C.

The surface to be cleaned is preferably brought into contact with the aqueous cleaning solution according to the invention for a certain time. Depending on the degree and type of contamination, the surface to be cleaned is preferably for at least 1, preferably for at least 2, even more preferably for at least 3, even more preferably for at least 4, even more preferably for at least 5, even more preferably for at least 10, even more preferably for at least 15, even more preferably for at least 20, even more preferably for at least 30, even more preferably for at least 40, even more preferably for at least 50, even more preferably for at least 60 minutes with the aqueous cleaning solution of the present invention brought into contact.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface to be cleaned with the aqueous cleaning solution is used for a maximum of 240 minutes, preferably for a maximum of 210 minutes, even more preferably for a maximum of 180 minutes, even more preferably for a maximum of 150 minutes, even more preferably for a maximum of 120 minutes , brought into contact.

The surface to be cleaned with the aqueous cleaning solution is particularly preferably for 1 to 180 minutes, preferably for 5 to 150 minutes, even more preferably for 5 to 120 minutes, even more preferably for 5 to 90 minutes, even more preferably for 5 to 80 minutes , more preferably for 5 to 70 minutes, more preferably for 5 to 60 minutes.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kit for cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces, preferably metallic surfaces, comprising a) a container comprising at least one alkali hydroxide, b) a container comprising at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate and optionally c ) a container comprising at least one alkali salt of

Permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid.

As described above, the kit according to the invention can be used for cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces. Components a) to c) can be present in the containers of the kit according to the invention either in solid form or in the form of an aqueous solution.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one alkali hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH).

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one persulfate is a salt of peroxodisulfuric acid or peroxomonosulfuric acid.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one persulfate is a peroxodisulfate selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate and ammonium peroxodisulfate and / or a peroxomonosulfate selected from the group consisting of potassium peroxomonosulfate.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one organic phosphate comprises 1 to 4 phosphonic acid groups, an organic radical being bonded to the phosphorus atom of each phosphonic acid group, the organic radical being selected from the group consisting of a C1 to C5 alkyl Radical which is optionally substituted and / or is interrupted by a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, a C2 to C4 alkenyl radical and a poly (C2 to C4 alkoxy) radical comprising 1 or 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 200, even more preferably 2 to 100 alkoxy units.

The at least one organic phosphonate is preferably selected from the group consisting of etidronic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, amino-tris (methylenephosphonic acid), 1-hydroxyethane (1,1-diphosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid) , Ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) and a salt thereof.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aqueous cleaning solution comprises at least one alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one alkali salt of permanent goose acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium ferrate and potassium dichromate.

The present invention is illustrated in more detail with reference to the following figures and examples, without, however, being restricted to these.

1 shows the breakdown of persulfate in the cleaning solution according to the invention at a temperature of 40 ° C., 60 ° C. and 80 ° C. over a period of 60 minutes (see example 1).

2 shows the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in a comparative cleaning solution at a temperature of 40 ° C., 60 ° C. and 80 ° C. over a period of 60 minutes (see example 1).

FIGS. 3 to 6 show the cleaning action of the cleaning solution according to the invention (“NaOH + PS + Phos”) in comparison to a cleaning solution comprising NaOH and a cleaning solution comprising NaOH and the oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide (“NaOH + H2O2”) at temperatures of 20 ° C., 40 ° C, 60 ° C and 80 ° C over a period of 60 minutes. The surface to be cleaned was a dirty stainless steel plate (see example 2). EXAMPLES:

Example 1: Stability of persulfates compared to hydrogen peroxide

The chemical stability of oxidizing agents in cleaning agents is important for efficient cleaning performance. In order to investigate the stability of persulfates in the composition according to the invention, a composition according to the invention (0.5% by weight sodium peroxodisulfate, 0.5% by weight

NaOH, 99% by weight distilled water) for 60 minutes at different temperatures (40 ° C, 60 ° C and 80 ° C). The concentration of sodium peroxodisulfate (sodium persulfate) was examined after every 15 minutes, the concentration of the oxidizing agent in the aqueous composition being set at 100% at the time 0 minutes. For comparison, a composition was used which comprises hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent instead of sodium peroxodisulfate. This comparison composition comprised 1% by weight hydrogen peroxide, 0.5

% NaOH, 98.5% distilled water. The results of the

Measurements are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1: Results of the determination of the amount of sodium peroxodisulfate in the composition according to the invention, which was tempered at 40 ° C., 60 ° C. and 80 ° C. for 60 minutes (see FIG. 1)

Table 2: Results of the determination of the amount of hydrogen peroxide in the comparative composition at 40 ° C, 60 ° C and 80 ° C for 60

Minutes (see Fig. 2)

Determination of hydrogen peroxide: 10 ml of the solution to be examined for its content of hydrogen peroxide are placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, with approx. 40 ml of distilled water. diluted and successively with 5 ml sulfuric acid p.a. 50% and 4 drops of ferroin indicator solution added while swirling. The orange colored solution prepared in this way is titrated with 0.1 N CeIV (SO4) 2 solution until the color changes from gray violet to cornflower blue. The consumption of 0.1 N CeIV (SO4) 2 solution in ml is equivalent to the hydrogen peroxide content of the disinfectant solution.

Persulfatbestimmung:

The persulfate-containing solution is reduced to the sulfate with an iron (II) solution (iron (II) sulfate). The iron (II) is added in excess (specified amount). The excess iron (II) is then titrated with a KMnO4 solution (see also Jander Year “Dimensional Analysis”, 16th edition, DeGruyter Verlag).

Example 2: cleaning effect

In order to investigate the cleaning action of the composition according to the invention in comparison to conventional cleaning solutions comprising sodium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, soiled metal plates were brought into contact with the corresponding cleaning solutions at different temperatures.

In addition to water, the cleaning solution according to the invention contained 1% by weight NaOH, 0.5% by weight sodium peroxodisulfate and 0.3% by weight etidronic acid (NaOH + PS + Phos). The cleaning solution comprising sodium hydroxide contained 1% by weight NaOH in water (NaOH). The aqueous cleaning solution comprising sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide contained 1% by weight of NaOH and 1% by weight of a 0.3% by weight hydrogen peroxide solution (NaOH + H2O2).

First, flat stainless steel plates in the size of approx. 10x10cm were immersed in a solution consisting of 70% malt coffee and 30% milk. The platelets were then baked at 130 ° C. in a drying cabinet for 4 hours.

Then about 50% of the surface of the metal platelets was immersed in water baths comprising cleaning solutions NaOH + PS + Phos, NaOH or NaOH + H2O2. The cleaning solutions were continuously circulated using a magnetic stirrer. The cleaning solutions were incubated at 20 ° C, 40 ° C, 50 ° C and 60 ° C for one hour each. The cleaning effect was checked and documented after every 15 minutes.

Figures 3 to 6 show the cleaning results of the cleaning solutions at the different temperatures and at different times. It was surprisingly shown that the best cleaning effect could be achieved at 20 ° C. with the cleaning solution NaOH + PS + Phos according to the invention. The excellent cleaning effect of this cleaning solution was also observable at the higher temperatures of 40 ° C, 50 ° C and 60 ° C. Acceptable cleaning was achieved with the NaOH + H2O2 cleaning solution, but it was significantly worse than when using the NaOH + PS + Phos cleaning solution. The worst results were obtained with the aqueous cleaning solution comprising 1% by weight NaOH.

The ratio between the cleaned and soiled surface of the stainless steel plates in the immersion area was determined by means of image processing software in order to quantify the cleaning effect. The results of the cleaning tests are shown in the following table, whereby 100% completely cleaned (only metallic surface visible) and 0% not cleaned (no metallic surface visible) means:

Claims (24)

Expectations: 1. A method for cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces, preferably metallic, ceramic and / or glass surfaces, comprising the step of contacting the surface to be cleaned with an aqueous cleaning solution comprising at least one alkali metal hydroxide, at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate at a temperature of 10 ° C to 80 ° C. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, preferably 0.2 wt% to 3 wt%, more preferably 0.3 wt% to 1.5 wt%, even more preferred 0.4% by weight to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% by weight, of the at least one alkali metal hydroxide. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the aqueous solution 0.1 wt% to 2 wt%, preferably 0.2 wt% to 1.5 wt%, more preferably 0.3 wt% to 1 wt%, yet more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.8% by weight, even more preferably 0.4% by weight to 0.6% by weight, even more preferably 0.5% by weight, of the at least one persulfate. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aqueous solution 0.01 wt% to 1 wt%, preferably 0.02 wt% to 0.9 wt%, more preferably 0.05 wt% to 0.8 % By weight, more preferably 0.075% by weight to 0.7% by weight, even more preferably 0.1% by weight to 0.6% by weight, even more preferably 0.2% by weight to 0.6% by weight, even more preferably 0 , 3% to 0.6% by weight of the at least one organic phosphonate. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one persulfate is a salt of peroxodisulfuric acid or peroxomonosulfuric acid. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one persulfate is a peroxodisulfate selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate and ammonium peroxodisulfate and / or a peroxomonosulfate selected from the group consisting of potassium peroxomonosulfate. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one organic phosphonate comprises 1 to 4 phosphonic acid groups, an organic residue being bonded to the phosphorus atom of each phosphonic acid group, the organic residue being selected from the group consisting of a C1 to C5 Alkyl radical which is optionally substituted and / or is interrupted by a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, a C2 to C4 alkenyl radical and a poly (C2 to C4 alkoxy) radical comprising 2 to 300 alkoxy units. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one organic phosphonate is selected from the group consisting of etidronic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, amino-tris (methylenephosphonic acid), 1-hydroxyethane ( 1,1-diphosphonic acid), diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) and a salt thereof. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the aqueous cleaning solution at least one salt, preferably an alkali salt, comprising permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the at least one alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium umferrate and potassium dichromate. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the aqueous cleaning solution, the at least one salt of permanganoic acid, malic acid and / or chromic acid in a weight ratio to the at least one organic phosphonate of 1:50 to 1: 500, preferably 1:75 to 1: 300, more preferably from 1: 100 to 1: 200. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the aqueous cleaning solution is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution A comprising at least one alkali hydroxide with an aqueous solution B comprising at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate before cleaning the surface. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the aqueous solution A with the aqueous solution B at most 12 hours, preferably at most 8 hours, even more preferably at most 6 hours, even more preferably at most 4 hours, even more preferably at most 2 hours, yet more preferably at most 1 hour before mixing to the aqueous cleaning solution. 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein after mixing the solutions A and B, the at least one alkali salt of per-manganese acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid according to one of claims 9 to 12 is added. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the surface to be cleaned with the aqueous cleaning solution at a temperature of 10 ° C to 55 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably at one Temperature of 10 ° C to 45 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 10 ° C to 40 ° C, is brought into contact. 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the surface to be cleaned with the aqueous cleaning solution for 1 to 180 minutes, preferably for 5 to 150 minutes, more preferably for 5 to 120 minutes, even more preferably for 5 to 90 minutes , more preferably for 5 to 80 minutes, more preferably for 5 to 70 minutes, even more preferably for 5 to 60 minutes. 18. Kit for cleaning and / or disinfecting surfaces, preferably metallic surfaces, comprising a) a container comprising at least one alkali hydroxide, b) a container comprising at least one persulfate and optionally at least one organic phosphonate and optionally c) a container comprising at least one Alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid. 19. The kit of claim 18, wherein the alkali hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH). 20. Kit according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the at least one persulfate is a salt of peroxodisulfuric acid or that of peroxomonosulfuric acid. 21. Kit according to one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the at least one persulfate is a peroxodisulfate selected from the group consisting of sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate and ammonium peroxodisulfate and / or a peroxomonosulfate selected from the group consisting of potassium peroxomonosulfate. 22. Kit according to one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the at least one organic phosphonate comprises 1 to 4 phosphonic acid groups, an organic radical being bonded to the phosphorus atom of each phosphonic acid group, the organic radical being selected from the group consisting of a C1 to C5 Alkyl radical which is optionally substituted and / or is interrupted by a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom, a C2 to C4 alkenyl radical and a poly (C2 to C4 alkoxy) radical comprising 2 to 300 alkoxy units. 23. Kit according to one of claims 18 to 22, wherein the at least one organic phosphonate is selected from the group consisting of etidronic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, amino-tris (methylenephosphonic acid), 1-hydroxyethane (1,1-diphosphonic acid), diethylenetriaminepenta (methylenephosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) and a salt thereof. 24. Kit according to one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the at least one alkali salt of permanganic acid, iron acid and / or chromic acid is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, potassium ferrate and potassium dichromate.