AT255620B - Detergents and cleaning agents with low foaming power - Google Patents

Detergents and cleaning agents with low foaming power

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Publication number
AT255620B
AT255620B AT656665A AT656665A AT255620B AT 255620 B AT255620 B AT 255620B AT 656665 A AT656665 A AT 656665A AT 656665 A AT656665 A AT 656665A AT 255620 B AT255620 B AT 255620B
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Austria
Prior art keywords
sep
detergents
washing
cleaning agents
fatty alcohol
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AT656665A
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German (de)
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Henkel & Cie Gmbh
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Publication of AT255620B publication Critical patent/AT255620B/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/3472—Organic compounds containing sulfur additionally containing -COOH groups or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
    • C07C2/64—Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2/66—Catalytic processes
    • C07C2/68—Catalytic processes with halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
    • C09B1/16—Amino-anthraquinones
    • C09B1/20—Preparation from starting materials already containing the anthracene nucleus
    • C09B1/22—Dyes with unsubstituted amino groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
    • C09B1/50—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof
    • C09B1/503—Amino-hydroxy-anthraquinones; Ethers and esters thereof unsubstituted amino-hydroxy anthraquinone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • C07C2527/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • C07C2527/125—Compounds comprising a halogen and scandium, yttrium, aluminium, gallium, indium or thallium
    • C07C2527/126—Aluminium chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/523—Carboxylic alkylolamides, or dialkylolamides, or hydroxycarboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain one hydroxy group per alkyl group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/75—Amino oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/90—Betaines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Description

  

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel mit geringerem Schäumvermögen 
 EMI1.1 
 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 Anstieg der Reinigungskraft im Sinne einer synergistischen Wirkung. Innerhalb des beanspruchten Mischungsbereiches findet sich ein ausgeprägtes Maximum der Reinigungswirkung, das zahlenmässig die Wirkung der Einzelbestandteile meist erheblich übertrifft. Bereits geringe Olefinsulfonatgehalte verbessern die Waschkraft der Fettalkoholsulfate in starkem Masse. Um so überraschender ist die Tatsache, dass die Neigung zur Schaumbildung mit steigender Olefinsulfonatmenge nicht oder nur unwesentlich zunimmt und erst bei Gehalten oberhalb 60-70%, bezogen auf den Gesamtgehalt an Waschaktivsubstanzen, stärker ansteigt, obgleich die wässerigen Lösungen von Olefinsulfonaten stark schäumen und der Schaum sehr beständig ist.

   Diese Eigenschaft macht die erfindungsgemässen Gemische besonders für die Verwendung in geschlossenen Wasch- und Spülmaschinen geeignet, in denen eine erhöhte Schaumbildung leicht zum Überschäumen der Reinigungslösung und zur Herabsetzung der Waschwirkung als Folge der verminderten mechanischen Bearbeitung des Waschgutes führen kann. 



   Die erfindungsgemäss zu verwendenden Fettalkoholsulfate und Olefinsulfonate können als Natrium-, Kalium- oder Ammoniumsalze oder auch als Salze organischer Basen, wie Mono-,   Di- oder   Triäthanolamin, eingesetzt werden. Die genannten Salze bzw. Kationen können auch im Gemisch vorliegen, was bei der Herstellung hochkonzentrierter, flüssiger Zubereitungen häufig von Vorteil ist. Bevorzugt sollen die erfindungsgemässen Gemische jedoch in festen, pulverförmigen oder stückigen Waschmitteln Verwendung finden. 



   Die Mischungen aus Fettalkoholsulfaten und Olefinsulfonaten können zusammen mit den üblicherweise in Wasch-,   Spul- un   Reinigungsmitteln verwendeten Aufbau- und Zusatzstoffen verwendet werden. Hiezu gehören, soweit es sich nicht um neutrale Feinwaschmittel handelt, die Waschalkalien, insbesondere kondensierte Phosphate, wie Pyrophosphate, Tripolyphosphate und Metaphosphate, ferner Orthophosphate, Karbonate, Borate und Silikate von Alkalien. Ausserdem können den Gemischen Neutralsalze, wie Natriumsulfat, sowie saure Salze, insbesondere saure Ortho- und Pyrophosphate, zugesetzt werden. In   Spul- un   Reinigungsmitteln soll die Menge der Waschalkalien bzw. Salze jedoch so bemessen sein, dass der erwünschte Klartrockeneffekt nicht beeinträchtigt wird.

   Ferner können die Gemische bekannte organische Chelatbildner und organische hochmolekulare Kolloidstoffe, insbesondere wasserlösliche Derivate der Cellulose oder der Stärke sowie oxydativ wirkende Bleichmittel, optische Aufheller und Duftstoffe enthalten. Die Waschalkalien und Zusätze tragen auf Grund ihrer verschiedenen speziellen Wirkungsarten zur Erzielung besserer Ergebnisse bei der Textilwäsche oder der Reinigung von festen Oberflächen bei, ohne die Schaumentwicklung in unerwünschter Weise zu fördern. 



     Beispiele :   Die in den Beispielen verwendeten Olefinsulfonate wurden auf folgende Weise hergestellt :
In einem Gefäss, das mit einer Rührvorrichtung, einem bis zum Boden des Gefässes reichenden Einleitungsrohr, einer Abluftleitung und einem Kühlmantel versehen war, wurden jeweils 1 Mol Olefin mit 
 EMI2.1 
 niert. Die Zuführungsgeschwindigkeit des Sulfonierungsgases betrug zwischen 450 und 600 l/h. Nach Zugabe der vorgesehenen SO.-Menge wurde noch weitere 30 min    SO -freie   Luft durch das Gemisch geleitet. Im Anschluss an eine 2stündige Bleichbehandlung mit 3   Gew.-% H O   bei   600C   wurde das Sulfonierungsprodukt mit 1, 1 Mol   10% figer   Natronlauge versetzt und durch 3stündiges Erhitzenauf 1000 C hydrolysiert.

   Die mit verdünnter Schwefelsäure neutralisierte Sulfonatlösung wurde zuletzt zur Trockne eingedampft, wobei gleichzeitig noch vorhandene unsulfonierte Kohlenwasserstoffe entfernt wurden. 



   Die Wasch- und Schaumeigenschaften der   Olefinsulfonat- und Fettalkoholsulfat-Gemischewurden   bei einer konstant gehaltenen Gesamtkonzentration von 1 g Tensid/1 in Wasser von 100 dH   (85%   CaHärte, 15% Mg-Harte) bei einer Flottentemperatur von 400C untersucht. Der Schaumtest erfolgte nach DIN   53902.   Der Waschtest wurde an standardisierten Wollgarnen (Fa. Tittel & Krüger, Hamburg-Bahrenfeld, 28/2 mm Qualität 300) durchgeführt, die mit einer Suspension von 
 EMI2.2 
 
12,5   g Russ (Degussa"Russ   100"),   37, 0   g synthetischem Hautsekret (1/3 Fettsäuren, 1/3 Fette,
1/3 Wollfett und Kohlenwasserstoffe), in
5 1 Tetrachlorkohlenstoff angeschmutzt wurden, wobei das Garn zirka 3% Fett und 13% Pigment aufnahm.

   Gewaschen wurde 15 min in einer Garnwaschmaschine gemäss dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster Nr. 1648 074. Die Aufhellung des gewaschenen Garnes wurde photometrisch bestimmt, wobei der Helligkeitsgrad des angeschmutzten Garnes mit 0%, der des   ursprünglichen Garnes mit 100%   angenommen wurde. AnStelle der üblichen linearen 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 3> 

 Gleichung zur Errechnung der Waschwirkung aus den gemessenen Reflexionswerten wurde die logarithmische Funktion 
 EMI3.1 
 
 EMI3.2 
 dem Weber-Fechner'sche Gesetz, wonach die physiologische Helligkeitsempfindung dem Logarithmus der Remission proportional ist. 



   Folgende Mischungen wurden untersucht :
Beispiel 1 : Na-Fettalkoholsulfat aus Talgfettsäuren (Kettenlänge C16-C18) a-Olefinsulfonat der Kettenlänge    C15 - C18   
 EMI3.3 
 
Beispiel 4 : Na-Fettalkoholsulfat aus Cocosfettsäuren   &alpha;-Olefinsulfonat   der Kettenlänge    Ca - C16   
Die Ergebnisse (Mengenangaben in Gewichtsprozent) sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt.

   Die in den Beispielen 1-4 angegebenen Gemische eignen sich als Feinwaschmittel, ferner als 
 EMI3.4 
 
 EMI3.5 
 
<tb> 
<tb> Beispiel <SEP> Fettalkoholsulfat <SEP> Olefinsulfonat <SEP> Aufhellung <SEP> Schaum
<tb> Nr. <SEP> % <SEP> % <SEP> % <SEP> ml
<tb> 1 <SEP> 100-23 <SEP> 20
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 47 <SEP> 25
<tb> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 56 <SEP> 40
<tb> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 60 <SEP> 40
<tb> 40 <SEP> 60 <SEP> 64 <SEP> 60
<tb> 30 <SEP> 70 <SEP> 72 <SEP> 95
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 71 <SEP> 550
<tb> 2 <SEP> 100-66 <SEP> mu <SEP> 
<tb> 90 <SEP> 10 <SEP> 76 <SEP> 130
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 80 <SEP> 150
<tb> 70 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 81 <SEP> 180
<tb> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 78 <SEP> 230
<tb> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 74 <SEP> 330
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 71 <SEP> 730
<tb> 3 <SEP> 100-66 <SEP> mu <SEP> 
<tb> 90 <SEP> 10 <SEP> 76 <SEP> 100
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 81 <SEP> 110
<tb> 70 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 82 <SEP> 150
<tb> 

  60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 81 <SEP> 240
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 530
<tb> 
 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 4> 

 
 EMI4.1 
 
<tb> 
<tb> Beispiel <SEP> Fettalkoholsulfat <SEP> Olefinsulfonat <SEP> Aufhellung <SEP> Schaum
<tb> nu. <SEP> mol <SEP> 
<tb> 4 <SEP> 100-66 <SEP> mu <SEP> 
<tb> 90 <SEP> 10 <SEP> 72 <SEP> 120
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 130
<tb> 70 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 78 <SEP> 150
<tb> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 190
<tb> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 240
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 71 <SEP> 710
<tb> 
 
Bei den folgenden Beispielen 5 und 6 handelt es sich um schaumarme Grobwaschmittel, bei Beispiel 7 um ein schwach schäumendes Feinwaschmittel. Die Zahlenangaben in der nachstehenden Tabelle bedeuten Gewichtsprozente. 
 EMI4.2 
 
<tb> 
<tb> 



  Beispiel <SEP> Nr.
<tb> 5 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 7 <SEP> 
<tb> Natriumfettalkoholsulfat <SEP> (C12 <SEP> - <SEP> C18) <SEP> 6 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 10
<tb> Natriumfettalkoholsulfat <SEP> (Cl6- <SEP> Cl8) <SEP> 4 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 
<tb> a-Olefinsulfonat <SEP> (C15 <SEP> - <SEP> CIS) <SEP> 8 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 15
<tb> Tetranatriumpyrophosphat <SEP> 32 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 15
<tb> Pentanatriumtripolyphosphat-20
<tb> Wasserglas <SEP> Na, <SEP> 0 <SEP> : <SEP> si02 <SEP> = <SEP> 1 <SEP> :

   <SEP> 3, <SEP> 3 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 5- <SEP> 
<tb> Natriumperborat <SEP> 10 <SEP> 8
<tb> Magnesiummetasilikat <SEP> 3 <SEP> 2, <SEP> 5
<tb> Carboxymethylcellulose <SEP> 1 <SEP> 1 <SEP> 1
<tb> Natriumsulfat, <SEP> Duftstoffe, <SEP> optische
<tb> Aufheller, <SEP> gebundenes <SEP> Wasser <SEP> Rest <SEP> Rest <SEP> Rest
<tb> 
 
Die Waschmittel nach den Beispielen 5 und 6 wurden unter praxisnahen Bedingungen in einer Haushaltswaschmaschine während des Waschens von normal verschmutzter Haushaltswäsche mit Leitungswasser (160 DH) bei einem Flottenverhältnis von 1 : 15, einer Anwendungskonzentration des Mittels von 3 g/l und einer Temperatur von   900C   geprüft. Während des Waschvorganges bildete sich nur eine geringe Menge Schaum.

   Der Helligkeitsgrad der 15 min lang gewaschenen, anschliessend gespülten und getrockneten Wäsche entsprach dem des unbeschmutzten Gewebes. 



   Das Feinwaschmittel nach Beispiel 7 wurde gleichfalls in einer Haushaltswaschmaschine unter Verwendung der in den Beispielen   1 - 4   beschriebenen angeschmutzten Garne geprüft. Gewaschen wurde 15 min bei   40 C,   wobei das Flottenverhältnis 1 : 50 und die Waschmittelkonzentration 2 g/l betrug. 



  Die Schaumbildung war gering, die Aufhellung der gewaschenen Garne betrug   84'go.   



   PATENTANSPRÜCHE : 
1. Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel mit geringem Schäumvermögen, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an Fettalkoholsulfaten der Kettenlänge   Cl0- C20   und Olefinsulfonaten der Kettenlänge   CI0- C22   mit einem Mengenverhältnis von Fettalkoholsulfat zu Olefinsulfonat von 90 : 10 bis 30 : 70.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  Detergents and cleaning agents with low foaming power
 EMI1.1
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 Increase in cleaning power in terms of a synergistic effect. Within the claimed mixing range, there is a pronounced maximum of the cleaning effect, which in terms of numbers usually considerably exceeds the effect of the individual components. Even low levels of olefin sulfonate greatly improve the detergency of fatty alcohol sulfates. All the more surprising is the fact that the tendency to foam formation does not or only marginally increases with increasing amount of olefin sulfonate and only increases more sharply at levels above 60-70%, based on the total content of active washing substances, although the aqueous solutions of olefin sulfonates foam strongly and the Foam is very persistent.

   This property makes the mixtures according to the invention particularly suitable for use in closed washing machines and dishwashers, in which increased foam formation can easily lead to foaming over of the cleaning solution and to a reduction in the washing effect as a result of the reduced mechanical processing of the items to be washed.



   The fatty alcohol sulfates and olefin sulfonates to be used according to the invention can be used as sodium, potassium or ammonium salts or as salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The salts or cations mentioned can also be present in a mixture, which is often of advantage in the production of highly concentrated, liquid preparations. However, the mixtures according to the invention should preferably be used in solid, powdery or lump detergents.



   The mixtures of fatty alcohol sulfates and olefin sulfonates can be used together with the builders and additives customarily used in detergents, dishwashers and cleaning agents. Unless they are neutral mild detergents, this includes washing alkalis, especially condensed phosphates such as pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates and metaphosphates, and also orthophosphates, carbonates, borates and silicates of alkalis. In addition, neutral salts, such as sodium sulfate, and acid salts, in particular acid orthophosphates and pyrophosphates, can be added to the mixtures. In rinsing and cleaning agents, however, the amount of washing alkalis or salts should be such that the desired clear-dry effect is not impaired.

   The mixtures can also contain known organic chelating agents and organic high molecular weight colloid substances, in particular water-soluble derivatives of cellulose or starch, and oxidative bleaching agents, optical brighteners and fragrances. The washing alkalis and additives, due to their various special types of action, help to achieve better results when washing textiles or cleaning solid surfaces without promoting foam development in an undesirable manner.



     Examples: The olefin sulfonates used in the examples were prepared in the following manner:
In a vessel which was provided with a stirrer, an inlet pipe reaching to the bottom of the vessel, an exhaust air line and a cooling jacket, 1 mol of olefin was added to each
 EMI2.1
 ned. The feed rate of the sulfonation gas was between 450 and 600 l / h. After the intended amount of SO was added, SO-free air was passed through the mixture for a further 30 min. Following a 2-hour bleaching treatment with 3% by weight of HO at 60 ° C., 1.1 mol of 10% sodium hydroxide solution was added to the sulfonation product and hydrolyzed by heating to 1000 ° C. for 3 hours.

   The sulfonate solution neutralized with dilute sulfuric acid was finally evaporated to dryness, with the unsulfonated hydrocarbons still present being removed at the same time.



   The washing and foaming properties of the olefin sulfonate and fatty alcohol sulfate mixtures were investigated at a constant total concentration of 1 g surfactant / l in water of 100 dH (85% Ca hardness, 15% Mg hardness) at a liquor temperature of 400C. The foam test was carried out in accordance with DIN 53902. The washing test was carried out on standardized woolen yarns (Tittel & Krüger, Hamburg-Bahrenfeld, 28/2 mm, quality 300) which had a suspension of
 EMI2.2
 
12.5 g soot (Degussa "Russ 100"), 37.0 g synthetic skin secretion (1/3 fatty acids, 1/3 fats,
1/3 wool fat and hydrocarbons), in
5 liters of carbon tetrachloride were soiled, the yarn taking up about 3% fat and 13% pigment.

   Washing was carried out for 15 minutes in a yarn washing machine in accordance with German utility model No. 1648 074. The lightening of the washed yarn was determined photometrically, the degree of brightness of the soiled yarn being assumed to be 0% and that of the original yarn to be 100%. Instead of the usual linear

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 The equation for calculating the washing effect from the measured reflection values was the logarithmic function
 EMI3.1
 
 EMI3.2
 Weber-Fechner's law, according to which the physiological perception of brightness is proportional to the logarithm of the remission.



   The following mixtures were examined:
Example 1: Na fatty alcohol sulfate from tallow fatty acids (chain length C16-C18) α-olefin sulfonate of chain length C15-C18
 EMI3.3
 
Example 4: Na fatty alcohol sulfate from coconut fatty acids α-olefin sulfonate of chain length Ca - C16
The results (quantitative data in percent by weight) are compiled in the table below.

   The mixtures given in Examples 1-4 are suitable as mild detergents, also as
 EMI3.4
 
 EMI3.5
 
<tb>
<tb> Example <SEP> fatty alcohol sulfate <SEP> olefin sulfonate <SEP> brightening <SEP> foam
<tb> No. <SEP>% <SEP>% <SEP>% <SEP> ml
<tb> 1 <SEP> 100-23 <SEP> 20
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 47 <SEP> 25
<tb> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 56 <SEP> 40
<tb> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 60 <SEP> 40
<tb> 40 <SEP> 60 <SEP> 64 <SEP> 60
<tb> 30 <SEP> 70 <SEP> 72 <SEP> 95
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 71 <SEP> 550
<tb> 2 <SEP> 100-66 <SEP> mu <SEP>
<tb> 90 <SEP> 10 <SEP> 76 <SEP> 130
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 80 <SEP> 150
<tb> 70 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 81 <SEP> 180
<tb> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 78 <SEP> 230
<tb> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 74 <SEP> 330
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 71 <SEP> 730
<tb> 3 <SEP> 100-66 <SEP> mu <SEP>
<tb> 90 <SEP> 10 <SEP> 76 <SEP> 100
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 81 <SEP> 110
<tb> 70 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 82 <SEP> 150
<tb>

  60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 81 <SEP> 240
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 530
<tb>
 

 <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 
 EMI4.1
 
<tb>
<tb> Example <SEP> fatty alcohol sulfate <SEP> olefin sulfonate <SEP> brightening <SEP> foam
<tb> nu. <SEP> mol <SEP>
<tb> 4 <SEP> 100-66 <SEP> mu <SEP>
<tb> 90 <SEP> 10 <SEP> 72 <SEP> 120
<tb> 80 <SEP> 20 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 130
<tb> 70 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 78 <SEP> 150
<tb> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 190
<tb> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 77 <SEP> 240
<tb> - <SEP> 100 <SEP> 71 <SEP> 710
<tb>
 
Examples 5 and 6 below are low-foaming coarse detergents, while Example 7 is a mildly foaming mild detergent. The figures in the table below mean percentages by weight.
 EMI4.2
 
<tb>
<tb>



  Example <SEP> No.
<tb> 5 <SEP> 6 <SEP> 7 <SEP>
<tb> Sodium fatty alcohol sulfate <SEP> (C12 <SEP> - <SEP> C18) <SEP> 6 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 10
<tb> Sodium fatty alcohol sulfate <SEP> (Cl6- <SEP> Cl8) <SEP> 4 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 5 <SEP>
<tb> a-olefin sulfonate <SEP> (C15 <SEP> - <SEP> CIS) <SEP> 8 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 15
<tb> Tetrasodium pyrophosphate <SEP> 32 <SEP> 30 <SEP> 15
<tb> Pentasodium tripolyphosphate-20
<tb> water glass <SEP> Na, <SEP> 0 <SEP>: <SEP> si02 <SEP> = <SEP> 1 <SEP>:

   <SEP> 3, <SEP> 3 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 5- <SEP>
<tb> sodium perborate <SEP> 10 <SEP> 8
<tb> Magnesium metasilicate <SEP> 3 <SEP> 2, <SEP> 5
<tb> carboxymethyl cellulose <SEP> 1 <SEP> 1 <SEP> 1
<tb> sodium sulfate, <SEP> fragrances, <SEP> optical
<tb> brightener, <SEP> bound <SEP> water <SEP> rest <SEP> rest <SEP> rest
<tb>
 
The detergents according to Examples 5 and 6 were used under practical conditions in a household washing machine while washing normally soiled household laundry with tap water (160 DH) at a liquor ratio of 1:15, an application concentration of the agent of 3 g / l and a temperature of 900C checked. Only a small amount of foam formed during the washing process.

   The degree of brightness of the laundry washed for 15 minutes, then rinsed and dried corresponded to that of the unpolluted fabric.



   The mild detergent according to Example 7 was also tested in a household washing machine using the soiled yarns described in Examples 1-4. Washing was carried out for 15 minutes at 40 ° C., the liquor ratio being 1:50 and the detergent concentration being 2 g / l.



  There was little foam formation, the lightening of the washed yarns was 84%.



   PATENT CLAIMS:
1. Detergents and cleaning agents with low foaming power, characterized by a content of fatty alcohol sulfates of chain length Cl0- C20 and olefin sulfonates of chain length CI0- C22 with a ratio of fatty alcohol sulfate to olefin sulfonate of 90:10 to 30:70.

Claims (1)

2. Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein Mengenverhältnis von Fettalkoholsulfat zu Olefinsulfonat von 85 : 15 bis 40 : 60. 2. Washing and cleaning agent according to claim 1, characterized by a quantitative ratio of fatty alcohol sulfate to olefin sulfonate of 85:15 to 40:60. 3. Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an üblicherweise in Wasch-, Spül- und Reinigungsmitteln verwendeten Aufbau- und Zusatzstoffen. 3. Washing and cleaning agents according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized by a content of substances and additives customarily used in detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaning agents.
AT656665A 1964-07-18 1965-07-16 Detergents and cleaning agents with low foaming power AT255620B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEH53307A DE1248208B (en) 1964-07-18 1964-07-18 Low-foaming detergents and cleaning agents

Publications (1)

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AT255620B true AT255620B (en) 1967-07-10

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AT (1) AT255620B (en)
BE (1) BE667003A (en)
CH (1) CH401318A (en)
CY (1) CY481A (en)
DE (1) DE1248208B (en)
DK (1) DK114849B (en)
FR (1) FR1439789A (en)
GB (1) GB1044937A (en)
NL (1) NL6506797A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1092276A (en) 1975-02-14 1977-08-18 Procter & Gamble Detergent compositions

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DE1248208B (en) 1967-08-24
DK114849B (en) 1969-08-11
CH401318A (en) 1965-10-31
NL6506797A (en) 1966-01-19
FR1439789A (en) 1966-05-20
BE667003A (en) 1966-01-17
GB1044937A (en) 1966-10-05
CY481A (en) 1969-04-10

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