AT217072B - Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces - Google Patents

Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces

Info

Publication number
AT217072B
AT217072B AT151755A AT151755A AT217072B AT 217072 B AT217072 B AT 217072B AT 151755 A AT151755 A AT 151755A AT 151755 A AT151755 A AT 151755A AT 217072 B AT217072 B AT 217072B
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
block
zone
tamped
vertical part
refractory lining
Prior art date
Application number
AT151755A
Other languages
German (de)
Original Assignee
Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE545929D priority Critical patent/BE545929A/xx
Application filed by Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag filed Critical Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag
Priority to AT151755A priority patent/AT217072B/en
Priority to DEV10342A priority patent/DE1009815B/en
Priority to DEV10343A priority patent/DE1008489B/en
Priority to CH339940D priority patent/CH339940A/en
Priority to FR1144392D priority patent/FR1144392A/en
Priority to CH339941D priority patent/CH339941A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AT217072B publication Critical patent/AT217072B/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23MCASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00Casings; Linings; Walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23MCASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/06Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/06Composite bricks or blocks, e.g. panels, modules
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/06Composite bricks or blocks, e.g. panels, modules
    • F27D1/08Bricks or blocks with internal reinforcement or metal backing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23MCASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2700/00Constructional details of combustion chambers
    • F23M2700/005Structures of combustion chambers or smoke ducts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/14Arrangements of linings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1621Making linings by using shaped elements, e.g. bricks

Description

  

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



   Gestampfter Block zum Aufbau insbesondere des lotrechten Teiles der feuerfesten Auskleidung von metallurgischen Öfen 
 EMI1.1 
 ein Gewicht von etwa 600 kg und darüber besitzen, die Ausmauerungszeit gegenüber der Verwendung von feuerfesten Steinen genormter, wesentlich kleinerer Formate beträchtlich abkürzt. Diese Blöcke werden in Formen, die den besonderen Abmessungen der gewünschten Auskleidung entsprechen, gestampft und sodann mittels eines Hebezeuges in den Ofen eingebracht und vermörtelt. 



   Die Abnützung des aus solchen Blöcken bestehenden Mauerwerkes ist, betrachtet über die Höhe der Auskleidung, beträchtlich unterschiedlich. Der untere Teil der Blöcke kommt mit dem Metallbad bzw. der Schlacke in Berührung, während der obere Teil der Blöcke (oberhalb der Schlackenzone) einer höheren Temperatur, einem stärkeren Temperaturwechsel und den chemischen Angriffen der   Ofenatmosphäre   ausgesetzt ist. 



   Aus dieser unterschiedlichen Beanspruchung der Blöcke resultiert eine sehr ungleichmässige Abnützung derselben, was dazu führt, dass das Ofenfutter bereits in einem Zeitpunkt repariert oder gar erneuert werden muss, in welchem der untere Teil der Auskleidung noch relativ gut erhalten ist. 



   Um in dieser Hinsicht einen Ausgleich zu schaffen, wird erfindungsgemäss vorgeschlagen, dass der Block seiner Höhe nach aus zwei Zonen aufgebaut ist, die aus untereinander verschiedenem feuerfestem Material bestehen. Gemäss einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung kann die Unterschiedlichkeit der Zonenausbildung auch noch dadurch verstärkt werden, dass die obere, im Ofen oberhalb des geschmolzenen Metalls zu liegen kommende Zone eine unter Verwendung von im wesentlichen radial laufenden Metalleinlagen gebildete Armierung besitzt, während die untere Zone frei von solchen Einlagen ist. 



   Es ist an sich nicht neu, feuerfeste Körper aus zwei unterschiedlichen feuerfesten Stoffen zusammenzusetzen, doch hat es sich bei den diesbezüglichen Vorschlägen bisher nur um feuerfeste Körper kleinerer Abmessungen gehandelt, wie solche beispielsweise zur Auskleidung von Drehöfen verwendet werden. 



  So sind feuerfeste Steine bekanntgeworden, welche feuerseitig eine Schicht aus entsprechendem feuerfestem Material tragen, wogegen die kalte Seite dieser Steine aus einer, lediglich Wärmeisolierzwecken dienenden Schicht besteht. Es ist zu beachten, dass im wesentlichen Gegensatz zu diesen Vorschlägen der erfindungsgemässe Block, über seine Höhe betrachtet, sehr verschiedenen thermischen, mechanischen und chemischen Angriffen ausgesetzt ist, was für die bekanntgewordenen Verbundsteine nicht der Fall ist. 



   Die schematische Zeichnung zeigt im Schnitt einen   erfindungsgemässen,   aus zwei verschiedenen Massen gestampften Block, der in der oberen Zone eine Metallbewehrung enthält. Man erkennt die beiden Zonen A mit den radialen Eiseneinlagen 2 und die Zone B, die frei von solchen Einlagen ist. 3 ist der Badspiegel, 4 die Schlackendecke. Die metallische Aussenwandung des Ofens ist mit 5 und eine Isolierschicht mit 6 bezeichnet. Die tiefstliegende radiale Bewehrungseinlage 2a liegt etwas oberhalb des Schlackenspiegels. 



   Der Aufbau des Blockes erfolgt durch Einstampfen der feuerfesten Massen in eine (nicht dargestellte) Form. Die eine Masse ergebe die Zone A des Blockes und die andere die Zone B desselben. Die Grenze liegt ungefähr in der Höhe des Schlackenspiegels, zweckmässig sogar etwas höher als dieser. Man trachtet, einen stetigen Übergang zwischen den Zonen A und B zu erhalten, einerseits um eine gute Bindung zwischen den beiden verschiedenen Stampfmassen zu erzielen und anderseits um den verschiedenen Wärmedehnungskoeffizienten der beiden Massen Rechnung zu tragen.

   Geeignete Zusammenstellungen von 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 verschiedenen Stampfmassen sind beispielsweise : 
Zone A Zone B 
Teermagnesit Teerdolomit
Magnesit-Chromit Teermagnesit
Teerdolomit besonders   porenarmer   Magnesit
Magnesit-Chromit besonders porenarmer Magnesit 
Die Übergangszone, die zwischen den Zonen A und B des Blockes ausgebildet ist, kann so ausgeführt werden, dass oberhalb der Schlackenzone nur mehr Material der Zone A vorhanden ist. 



   Was nun die Verwendung der Metalleinlagen 2 anbelangt, die zusätzlich zur Blockausbildung aus zwei verschiedenen Massen vorgesehen sein können, ist folgendes festzuhalten :
In der Zone B werden radiale Metalleinlagen deshalb vermieden, weil solche Einlagen, wenn sie auch in der Zone B vorhanden wären, zu Reaktionen des Einlagenmetalls mit dem im Ofen befindlichen geschmolzenen Metall führen könnten, die vermieden werden müssen bzw. sollen. Diese Reaktionsmöglichkeit besteht nicht hinsichtlich axialer,   d. h.   zur Ofenwandung paralleler Einlagen, soferne diese in ausreichendem Abstand von der badseitigen Blockoberfläche verlaufen. Demgemäss sind axial verlaufende Einlagen auch in der Zone B zulässig.

   Solche Einlagen, die den Block von oben nach unten durchsetzen, sind bei schweren Blöcken in Form von Trageisen, die vorstehende Ösen zum Einhängen eines Hebezeuges bilden, wichtig und ihre Anwendung ist durch die Erfindung nicht ausgeschlossen. 



   Wenn im vorstehenden von "Radial"-Einlagen die Rede ist, so ist dies in einem weiteren Sinne zu verstehen ; auch Einlagen, die mit der feuerseitigen Begrenzungsfläche des Blockes einen von 900 verschiedenen, jedoch 450 nicht unterschreitenden Winkel einschliessen, sind brauchbar. 



   Die Einlagen können Rundeisen oder andere Normalprofile sein, die auch zu Gittern vereinigt sein können. Sie besitzen ausreichende Dicke, um zu verhindern, dass sie vorzeitig zur Gänze ausschmelzen. Es wird vielmehr ein langsames Abschmelzen, das mit der Abnützung der Steininnenseite einigermassen Schritt hält, anzustreben sein. 



    PATENTANSPRÜCHE :    
1. Gestampfter Block zum Aufbau insbesondere des lotrechten Teiles der feuerfesten Auskleidung von metallurgischen Öfen, insbesondere   Elektroöfen,   welche Auskleidung teilweise mit geschmolzenem Metall in Berührung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Block seiner Höhe nach in zwei Zonen ausgebildet ist, von denen die obere Zone im Ofen oberhalb des geschmolzenen Metalls zu liegen kommt, und diese Zonen aus untereinander verschiedenem feuerfestem Material bestehen.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



   Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces
 EMI1.1
 have a weight of about 600 kg and more, the lining time is considerably shortened compared to the use of refractory bricks of standardized, much smaller formats. These blocks are tamped into shapes that correspond to the particular dimensions of the desired lining and then brought into the furnace by means of a hoist and mortared.



   The wear and tear of the masonry consisting of such blocks is considerably different when viewed over the height of the lining. The lower part of the blocks comes into contact with the metal bath or the slag, while the upper part of the blocks (above the slag zone) is exposed to a higher temperature, a stronger temperature change and the chemical attack of the furnace atmosphere.



   This different stress on the blocks results in very uneven wear and tear, which means that the furnace lining has to be repaired or even replaced at a point in time when the lower part of the lining is still relatively well preserved.



   In order to create a balance in this regard, it is proposed according to the invention that the height of the block be composed of two zones which consist of refractory material that differs from one another. According to a further feature of the invention, the difference in the zone formation can also be increased by the fact that the upper zone, which comes to lie above the molten metal in the furnace, has a reinforcement formed using essentially radial metal inserts, while the lower zone is free of such deposits is.



   It is not in itself new to assemble refractory bodies from two different refractory materials, but the proposals in this regard have so far only concerned refractory bodies of smaller dimensions, such as those used, for example, for lining rotary kilns.



  Thus, refractory bricks have become known which have a layer of appropriate refractory material on the fire side, whereas the cold side of these bricks consists of a layer serving only for heat insulation purposes. It should be noted that, in substantial contrast to these proposals, the block according to the invention, viewed over its height, is exposed to very different thermal, mechanical and chemical attacks, which is not the case for the composite blocks that have become known.



   The schematic drawing shows in section a block according to the invention, tamped from two different masses, which contains a metal reinforcement in the upper zone. You can see the two zones A with the radial iron deposits 2 and the zone B, which is free of such deposits. 3 is the bathroom mirror, 4 is the slag cover. The metallic outer wall of the furnace is denoted by 5 and an insulating layer by 6. The deepest radial reinforcement insert 2a is slightly above the slag level.



   The block is built up by tamping the refractory masses into a shape (not shown). One mass results in zone A of the block and the other in zone B of the same. The limit is roughly at the level of the slag level, and it is practical if it is even slightly higher than it. The aim is to achieve a steady transition between zones A and B, on the one hand to achieve a good bond between the two different tamping masses and on the other hand to take into account the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the two masses.

   Suitable compilations of

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 different ramming masses are for example:
Zone A Zone B
Tar magnesite tar dolomite
Magnesite chromite tar magnesite
Tar dolomite with particularly low-pore magnesite
Magnesite-Chromite especially low-pore magnesite
The transition zone, which is formed between zones A and B of the block, can be designed in such a way that only material from zone A is present above the slag zone.



   As far as the use of the metal inserts 2 is concerned, which can be provided in addition to the formation of blocks from two different masses, the following should be noted:
Radial metal inserts are avoided in zone B because such inserts, if they were also present in zone B, could lead to reactions of the insert metal with the molten metal in the furnace, which must or should be avoided. This possibility of reaction does not exist with regard to axial, i.e. H. Inserts parallel to the furnace wall, provided that these run at a sufficient distance from the block surface on the bath side. Accordingly, axially extending deposits are also permitted in zone B.

   Such inlays, which penetrate the block from top to bottom, are important in the case of heavy blocks in the form of carrying irons that form protruding eyelets for attaching a hoist and their use is not excluded by the invention.



   When "radial" inserts are mentioned above, this is to be understood in a broader sense; Inlays that enclose an angle of 900 different but not less than 450 with the fire-side boundary surface of the block can also be used.



   The inlays can be round bars or other normal profiles, which can also be combined to form grids. They are thick enough to prevent them from completely melting out prematurely. Rather, slow melting should be aimed for, keeping pace with the wear and tear on the inside of the stone.



    PATENT CLAIMS:
1. Stamped block for building in particular the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces, in particular electric furnaces, which lining is partially in contact with molten metal, characterized in that the height of the block is formed in two zones, of which the upper zone comes to lie in the furnace above the molten metal, and these zones consist of mutually different refractory material.

 

Claims (1)

2. Block nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die obere Zone des Blockes eine unter Verwendung von im wesentlichen radial verlaufenden Metalleinlagen gebildete Armierung besitzt, wogegen die untere Zone frei von solchen Einlagen ist. 2. Block according to claim l, characterized in that the upper zone of the block has a reinforcement formed using substantially radially extending metal inserts, whereas the lower zone is free of such inserts.
AT151755A 1955-03-14 1955-03-14 Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces AT217072B (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE545929D BE545929A (en) 1955-03-14
AT151755A AT217072B (en) 1955-03-14 1955-03-14 Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces
DEV10342A DE1009815B (en) 1955-03-14 1956-03-12 Stamped block for the construction of the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces
DEV10343A DE1008489B (en) 1955-03-14 1956-03-12 Stamped block for the construction of the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces
CH339940D CH339940A (en) 1955-03-14 1956-03-12 Refractory block for bridging side openings in the lining of metallurgical furnaces and process for the production of such blocks
FR1144392D FR1144392A (en) 1955-03-14 1956-03-12 Refractory block intended for passing through side openings in the lining of metallurgical furnaces and method of manufacturing such blocks
CH339941D CH339941A (en) 1955-03-14 1956-03-12 Stamped block for the construction of the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT151755A AT217072B (en) 1955-03-14 1955-03-14 Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AT217072B true AT217072B (en) 1961-09-11

Family

ID=3515353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT151755A AT217072B (en) 1955-03-14 1955-03-14 Tamped block for building especially the vertical part of the refractory lining of metallurgical furnaces

Country Status (5)

Country Link
AT (1) AT217072B (en)
BE (1) BE545929A (en)
CH (2) CH339940A (en)
DE (2) DE1008489B (en)
FR (1) FR1144392A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1240101B (en) * 1964-10-17 1967-05-11 Didier Werke Ag Blast furnace shaft wall

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1009815B (en) 1957-06-06
CH339941A (en) 1959-07-31
CH339940A (en) 1959-07-31
BE545929A (en)
DE1008489B (en) 1957-05-16
FR1144392A (en) 1957-10-11

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