AT129593B - Process for the production of objects (e.g. high-pressure containers) that must be resistant to attack by heated hydrogen. - Google Patents
Process for the production of objects (e.g. high-pressure containers) that must be resistant to attack by heated hydrogen.Info
- Publication number
- AT129593B AT129593B AT129593DA AT129593B AT 129593 B AT129593 B AT 129593B AT 129593D A AT129593D A AT 129593DA AT 129593 B AT129593 B AT 129593B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- objects
- production
- attack
- resistant
- heated hydrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen (z. B. Ilochdruckbehälter), die gegen den Angriff erhitzten Wasserstoffes widerstandsfähig sein müssen.
Die Einwirkung erhitzten Wasserstoffes auf Eisen oder Stahl und Stahllegierungen erzeugt im allgemeinen eine Sprödigkeit, die ihrerseits, z. B. bei Hochdruckbehältern, zu Rissbildung führen kann.
Die Neigung zur Rissbildung ist dabei um so grösser, je höher der Betriebsdruck ist. Die unter der Einwirkung erhitzten Wasserstoffes eintretende Veränderung des Gefüges besteht in einer Verbreiterung der im elastisch gespannten Zustande befindlichen Korngrenzen, sowie in noch unerforschten Vorgängen zwischen diesen Korngrenzen. Diese Vorgänge verlaufen wahrscheinlich so, dass in den Korngrenzen Bestandteile des Werkstoffes mit dem Wasserstoff in Reaktion treten.
Die Korngrenzen, die als Sitz der Oxyde zu betrachten sind, welche die einzelnen Körner gleichsam als zusammenhängende Häutchen umhüllen, bilden nämlich im elastisch gespannten Zustande Wege für das Eindringen des Wasserstoffes ; der eindringende Wasserstoff bringt seinerseits eine schädliche Veränderung in dem Zusammenhalt der einzelnen Kristallkörner hervor und erzeugt so eine allmählich zunehmende Sprödigkeit, die auch als Alterung des Materials bezeichnet werden kann.
Die Erfindung bezweckt, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, nach dessen Anwendung der erhitzte Wasserstoff keine schädliche Einwirkung auf die Stahllegierung oder die aus dieser hergestellten Gegenstände mehr hervorrufen kann. Dieser Zweck wird der Erfindung gemäss dadurch erreicht, dass die Gegenstände oder die zu ihrer Herstellung verwendeten Stahllegierungen einer Abschreckung und gegebenenfalls einer Anlassbehandlung unterworfen werden, die eine feine Verteilung der sich sonst in den Korngrenzen ablagernden Oxydteilchen hervorrufen.
Bei der Durchführung des den Gegenstand der Erfindung bildenden Verfahrens verwendet man vorteilhafterweise einen Stahl (z. B. mit etwa 1/2-4% Nickel, 1/2-2% Chrom und 0-1-0-4% Kohlenstoff) bei dem durch eine rasche Abkühlung von einer Temperatur (bei dem angegebenen Beispiel etwa 900 C) oberhalb des Kaleszenzpunktes Martensitbildung eintritt und bei dem durch das nachfolgende Anlassen (bei dem angegebenen Beispiel etwa 600-650 C) die gewünschten Festigkeitseigenschaften erzielt werden, ohne dass aber wieder Korngrenzen sich bilden oder sonstwie eine Veränderung in der Verteilung der Oxyde eintritt.
Wird ein derartiger Stahl in der angegebenen Weise vergütet, so können nach einer Ätzung keine Korngrenzen mehr beobachtet werden und der Stahl ist daher in einen Zustand höchster Zähigkeit gebracht worden, bei dem ein Eindringen erhitzten Wasserstoffes ausgeschlossen ist und der sich daher nicht mehr verändert.
Ausser Chrom und Nickel kommen als Zusätze auch Silizium, Vanadium und Wolfram in Betracht ; die Höhe der Zusätze richtet sich nach den Querschnitten der herzustellenden Gegenstände.
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld kannt Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Process for the manufacture of objects (e.g. pressure vessels) that must be resistant to attack by heated hydrogen.
The action of heated hydrogen on iron or steel and steel alloys generally produces a brittleness which in turn, e.g. B. in high pressure vessels, can lead to cracking.
The higher the operating pressure, the greater the tendency to crack. The change in the structure that occurs under the influence of heated hydrogen consists in a broadening of the grain boundaries in the elastically stressed state, as well as in as yet unexplored processes between these grain boundaries. These processes probably proceed in such a way that components of the material react with the hydrogen in the grain boundaries.
The grain boundaries, which are to be regarded as the seat of the oxides, which envelop the individual grains as coherent skins, namely, in the elastically tensioned state, form paths for the penetration of hydrogen; the penetrating hydrogen in turn brings about a harmful change in the cohesion of the individual crystal grains and thus creates a gradually increasing brittleness, which can also be referred to as aging of the material.
The aim of the invention is to create a method, after which the heated hydrogen can no longer cause any harmful effects on the steel alloy or the objects made from it. According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that the objects or the steel alloys used for their production are subjected to a quenching and, if necessary, a tempering treatment, which causes a fine distribution of the oxide particles that would otherwise be deposited in the grain boundaries.
In carrying out the process forming the subject of the invention, it is advantageous to use a steel (e.g. with about 1 / 2-4% nickel, 1 / 2-2% chromium and 0-1-0-4% carbon) in the Martensite formation occurs due to rapid cooling from a temperature (in the example given about 900 C) above the kalescence point and the subsequent tempering (about 600-650 C in the example given) achieves the desired strength properties, but without grain boundaries again form or otherwise a change in the distribution of the oxides occurs.
If such a steel is tempered in the specified manner, grain boundaries can no longer be observed after etching and the steel has therefore been brought into a state of maximum toughness in which penetration of heated hydrogen is excluded and which therefore no longer changes.
In addition to chromium and nickel, silicon, vanadium and tungsten can also be used as additives; the amount of additives depends on the cross-sections of the objects to be manufactured.
** WARNING ** End of DESC field may overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT129593T | 1926-12-22 | ||
| DE340819X | 1929-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT129593B true AT129593B (en) | 1932-08-25 |
Family
ID=33553175
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT129593D AT129593B (en) | 1926-12-22 | 1926-12-22 | Process for the production of objects (e.g. high-pressure containers) that must be resistant to attack by heated hydrogen. |
| AT137551D AT137551B (en) | 1926-12-22 | 1930-01-13 | Manufacture of objects that must be resistant to the attack of heated hydrogen. |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT137551D AT137551B (en) | 1926-12-22 | 1930-01-13 | Manufacture of objects that must be resistant to the attack of heated hydrogen. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (2) | AT129593B (en) |
-
1926
- 1926-12-22 AT AT129593D patent/AT129593B/en active
-
1930
- 1930-01-13 AT AT137551D patent/AT137551B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT137551B (en) | 1934-05-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CH268905A (en) | Heat-resistant, ferritic alloy. | |
| DE2427038A1 (en) | STAINLESS STEEL AND THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT | |
| DD142894A5 (en) | USE OF A FERRITISH AUSTENITIC CHROMIUM NICKEL STEEL | |
| DE3616518C2 (en) | ||
| DE69202488T2 (en) | Process for the production of cutting material with improved toughness. | |
| DE1533478A1 (en) | Steel alloy | |
| AT129593B (en) | Process for the production of objects (e.g. high-pressure containers) that must be resistant to attack by heated hydrogen. | |
| DE545166C (en) | Process for the production of age-resistant iron or steel | |
| DE3203193A1 (en) | ROLL MATERIAL | |
| DE2626268C2 (en) | Use of a magnetic head alloy | |
| DE69311857T2 (en) | COLD-HARDENED STAINLESS STEEL FOR SPRINGS | |
| AT508101B1 (en) | METHOD OF PROCESSING A STEEL SEMI-END BY AC1 TEMPERATURE | |
| DE686780C (en) | Manufacture of objects with good sliding properties | |
| CH389331A (en) | Rolling elements and process for their manufacture | |
| AT135325B (en) | Process for the production of metallic materials for apparatus, in particular those made of iron or steel, which have high resistance to the damaging effects of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases at elevated temperature and pressure. | |
| DE102004009430A1 (en) | Use of low-alloy anti-coking steels with increased silicon and manganese content in refining and petroleum chemistry applications and new steel compositions | |
| AT164529B (en) | Method of making layered composites | |
| CH648231A5 (en) | Molybdaenarme welding materials. | |
| DE1433797A1 (en) | High strength steel product, especially sheet metal, and process for its manufacture | |
| AT147996B (en) | Manufacture of rolls made of alloyed steels, with or without subsequent surface hardening, for cold rolling metals, in particular steel and iron alloys. | |
| DE701565C (en) | At higher temperatures, objects made of chrome-nickel steel are safe against intergranular corrosion | |
| DE486937C (en) | Manufacture of copper alloys | |
| DE620712C (en) | Process for cold working of alloys | |
| AT98046B (en) | Process for the production of very hard, but ductile and break-resistant tools. | |
| AT219079B (en) | Process for the production of objects from austenitic chromium-nickel steel alloys |