AP669A - Use of aminopurine antiviral agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of latent herpesvirus infections. - Google Patents

Use of aminopurine antiviral agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of latent herpesvirus infections. Download PDF

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Publication number
AP669A
AP669A APAP/P/1997/001001A AP9701001A AP669A AP 669 A AP669 A AP 669A AP 9701001 A AP9701001 A AP 9701001A AP 669 A AP669 A AP 669A
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AP
ARIPO
Prior art keywords
treatment
infection
compound
formula
latent
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Application number
APAP/P/1997/001001A
Other versions
AP9701001A0 (en
Inventor
Hugh John Field
Alan Maureen Thackray
Teresa Helen Bacon
David Sutton
Hodge Richard Anthony Vere
Original Assignee
Novartis Int Pharmaceutical Ltd
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Priority claimed from GBGB9425012.3A external-priority patent/GB9425012D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9506663.5A external-priority patent/GB9506663D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9517308.4A external-priority patent/GB9517308D0/en
Application filed by Novartis Int Pharmaceutical Ltd filed Critical Novartis Int Pharmaceutical Ltd
Publication of AP9701001A0 publication Critical patent/AP9701001A0/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AP669A publication Critical patent/AP669A/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52—Purines, e.g. adenine
    • A61K31/522—Purines, e.g. adenine having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. hypoxanthine, guanine, acyclovir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • A61P31/22—Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A method for the treatment of latent infection of herpes viruses in mammals, including humans, which method comprises administering to the mammal in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a compound of formula (a)or a bioprecursor, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing.

Description

Documents Cited: ANTIMICROB AGENTS CHEMOTHER;
WO 92/00742 A;
WO 96/18396
Inventors Continued
2. ALAN MAUREEN THACKRAY Centre for Veterinary Science Cambridge University Veterinary School Madingley Road, Cambridge Cambridgeshire, CB3 OES United Kingdom
3. TERESA HELEN BACON c/o Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Coldharbour Road
The Pinnacles, Harlow Essex CM 19 5 AD United Kingdom
4. DAVID SUTTON
Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals 1250 South Collegeville Road P 0 Box 5089 Collegeville PA 19426-0989
United States of America
5. RICHARD ANTHONY VERE HODGE c/o Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals New Frontiers Science Park South Third Avenue, Harlow
Essex CM 19 AW ·
Priority Data Continued
1. GB 9425012.3 19941212
2. GB 9506663.5 19950331
3. GB 9517308.4 19950824
f
Γ-AP . Ο Ο 6 6 9
- 1 USE OF AMINOPURINE ANTIVIRAL AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT ANO PROPHYLAXIS OF LATENT HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS
This invention relates to treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses. γ/hen used herein, 'treatment' includes prophylaxis as appropriate.
EP-A-141927 (Beecham Group p.l.c.) discloses penciclovir, the compound of formula (A):
(A) and salts, phosphate esters and acyl derivatives thereof, as antiviral agents. The sodium salt hydrate of penciclovir is disclosed in EP-A-216459 (Beecham Group p.l.c.). Penciclovir and its antiviral activity is also disclosed in Abstract P.V 11-5 p.193 of 'Abstracts of 14th Int. Congress of Microbiology', Manchester, England 7-13
September 1986 (Boyd et. al.).
Orally active bioprecursors of the compound of formula (A) are of formula (B):
HO-CH2-CH-CH2-OH (B)
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
AP . Ο Ο 6 6 9
-2and salts and derivatives thereof as defined under formula (A); wherein X is Cj.g alkoxy, NH2 or hydrogen. The compounds of formula (B) wherein X is alkoxy or NH2 416 disclosed in EP-A-141927 and the compounds of formula (B) wherein X is hydrogen, disclosed in EP-A-182024 (Beecham Group p.l.c.) are preferred prodrugs. A particularly preferred example of a compound of formula (B) is that wherein X is hydrogen and wherein the two OH groups are in the form of the acetyl derivative, described in Example 2 of EP-A-182024, hereinafter referred to as famciclovir.
The compounds of formulae (A) and (B) and salts and derivatives thereof 10 have been described as useful in the treatment of infections caused by herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex type 1 and herpes simplex type 2.
Previous work has shown that if antiviral treatment is delayed beyond a few hours after infection then latency is established. Once a latent infection is established, the infection can recurr.
It has now been shown in mice that famciclovir treatment can prevent the establishment of competent latency when treatment is commenced 18 h (first experiment) and up to 4 days (second experiment) after infection. It has also now been shown that latency can be prevented in an experiment in immunocompromised mice. The potential clinical advantage is that a patient, within 4 days of contact, may be treated with famciclovir to prevent not only the acute infection but also the development of latency and so avoid recurrences. Furthermore, it is thought that there may be a slow natural loss of latently infected cells and recurrent infections may be required in order to maintain the burden of latently infected cells by establishing latency in new cells. Therefore, suppressive treatment with famciclovir over a prolonged period (up to several years) may prevent new cells becoming latently infected. The result would then be curative treatment, the patient having no recurrences thereafter.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses in humans, which method comprises the administration to the human in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a compound of formula (A):
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
AP.00669
(A) or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing.
The term 'acyl derivadve' is used herein to include any derivative of the compounds of formula (A) in which one or more acyl groups are present. Such derivatives are included as bioprecursors of the compounds of formula (A) in addition to those derivatives which are per se biologically active.
The compound of formula (A) may be in one of the forms disclosed in EP-A-216459 (Beecham Group p.l.c.).
Examples of bioprecursors, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives are as described in the aforementioned European Patent references, the subject matter of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A particular compound of formula (B) of interest is 9-(4-acetoxy-3-acetoxymethyIbut-l-yl)-2-aminopurine, known as famciclovir (FCV), the well-absorbed oral form of penciclovir (PCV).
The compound of formula (A), bioprecursors, salts and derivatives may be 20 prepared as described in the aforementioned European Patent references.
The compound, in particular, famciclovir, may be administered by the oral route to humans and may be compounded in the form of syrup, tablets or capsule. When in the form of a tablet, any pharmaceutical carrier suitable for formulating such solid compositions may be used, for example magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, glucose, rice, flour and chalk. The compound may also be in the form of an ingestible capsule, for example of gelatin, to contain the compound, or in the form of a syrup, a solution or a suspension. Suitable liquid pharmaceutical carriers include ethyl alcohol, glycerine, saline and water to which flavouring or colouring agents may be added to form syrups. Sustained release formulations, for example tablets containing an enteric coating, are also envisaged.
For parenteral administration, fluid unit dose forms are prepared containing the compound and a sterile vehicle. The compound depending on the vehicle and the
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
AP.00669
-4 concentration, can be either suspended or dissolved. Parenteral solutions are normally prepared by dissolving the compound in a vehicle and filter sterilising before filling into a suitable vial or ampoule and sealing. Advantageously, adjuvants such as a, local anaesthetic, preservarives and buffering agents are also dissolved in the vehicle. To enhance the stability, the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum.
Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the compound is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilised by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle.
Advantageously, a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the compound of the invention.
Preferred parenteral formulations include aqueous formulations using sterile water or normal saline, at a pH of around 7.4 or greater, in particular, containing penciclovir sodium salt hydrate.
As is common practice, the compositions will usually be accompanied by written or printed directions for use in the medical treatment concerned.
A suitable dosage unit might contain from 50mg to lg of active ingredient, for example 100 to 500mg. Such doses may be administered 1 to 4 times a day or more usually 2 or 3 times a day. The effective dose of compound will, in general, be in the range of from 0.2 to 40mg per kilogram of body weight per day or, more usually, 10 to 20 mg/kg per day. in the case of famciclovir, the dosage unit would be 125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg or 750 mg, preferably 125 mg or 250 mg.
For prevention of establishment of competent latency, the treatment is preferably carried out as soon as possible after contact with the virus, preferably within 18 hours, although up to four days is acceptable. The treatment period is usually 3 to 14 days, more usually 5 to 10 days, often 7 days.
For treatment of established recurrent disease, the treatment period is up to 5 years, for example, up to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years.
The present invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (A) or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing, in the preparation of a medicament for use in the treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses. Such treatment may be carried out in the manner as hereinbefore described.
The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses, which comprises an effective amount of a compound of formula (A) or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing, and a
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
AP.00669
- 5 pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such compositions may be prepared in the manner as hereinafter described.
The compound of formula (A) and its prodrugs show a synergistic antiviral effect in conjunction with interferons; and treatment using combination products comprising these two components for sequential or concomitant administration, by the same or different routes, are therefore within the ambit of the present invention. Such products are described in EP-A-271270 (Beecham Group p.l.c.).
The following results from animal studies illustrate the invention.
EXPERIMENTS IN MICE INFECTED WITH HSV-1 VIRUS
A cutaneous infection was established by inoculation of the ear pinnae of mice with HSV-1 (SC16) and the effects of oral famciclovir on the latent virus infection was investigated.
BALB/c female mice (Bantin and Kingman, Kingston, Hull, UK) were purchased at 3 to 4 weeks old and inoculated one week later. Virus suspension (lOul) containing 5 x IO2* p.f.u. were inoculated into the skin of the left ear pinna. Skin thickness was measured daily in individual mice by means of an Engineers' micrometre screw gauge, (ref. Nash et al, 1980, J. Gen. Virol. 48, 351-357). These mice were kept for 3 (Experiment 1) or 4 (Experiment 2) months and then killled.
The trigeminal ganglia and cervical dorsal root ganglia were removed and co-cultivated. Those cultures showing virus replication were recorded as positive.
Experiment 1
In a first experiment, mice were treated within 18h and treatment ceased on day 10 post infection.
Of the 24 untreated control mice, 12 showed latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and 20 showed latent infection in the cervical dorsal route ganglia (DRG). All 24 control mice showed either TG or DRG latency. None of the FCV treated mice showed any latency.
Experiment 2
In a second experiment, antiviral treatment was initiated on days 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 post-infection (p.i.) and and ceased on day 10 p.i.. The compounds were administered ad libitum in the drinking water, at 1 mg/ml (approximately 100 mg/kg/day).
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
AP.00669
-6The results are as shown in the following table:
(Note: The groups 1 and 2 received the same treatment regimens but the results were assayed separately.)
Latency (Group 1) Latency (Group 2) Latency Total Acute Total
Antiviral TG DRG TG DRG % Mice with virus +ve ganglia on day % Mice with virus +ve ganglia on day
Therapy +ve/8 +ve/8 +ve/8 +ve/8 120 (n=16) 8 (n=8)
(days) Lt Rt Lt Rt Lt Rt Lt Rt L/RTG+DRG L/RTG+DRG
None 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 2 100 100
5-10 4 0 4 0 2 0 2 0 38 100
4-10 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 13 100
3-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1-10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Four months later, latent virus could be reactivated in ganglia explants (ipsilateral and contralateral trigeminal and dorsal root) from all of 16 control mice. Latent virus was not reactivated from the ganglia of FCV-treated mice, except ipsilateral ganglia, and only when the start of therapy was delayed until days 4 p.i.
(2/16) or 5 p.i (6/16).
Similar results were obtained when compounds were administered twice daily by gavage at 50 mg/kg per dose.
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
AP. Ο Ο 6 6 9
-7Experiment 3
Mice were immunosupressed with Cyclosporin A (CyA) from day -2 to day =10 (day 0 being the day of infection). Groups of mice were untreated (control), or treated with famciclovir orally at 50mg/kg twice daily from 22h after infection to 5.5 or 10.5 days. The ganglia were examined for reactivation of infectious virus 1 or 4 months later and the results are shown in the Table below.
LTG RTG
LDR RDR
Control
FCV (n=6) (n=6)
4
0 (n=6) (n=6)
3
0
TG = trigeminal DRG = dorsal root ganglia L/R = left/right
EXPERIMENTS IN MICE INFECTED WITH HSV-2 VIRUS
A cutaneous infection was established by inoculation of the ear pinnae of 15 mice with HSV-2 (Bry) and the effects of oral famciclovir on the latent virus infection was investigated. Treatment was 50 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days starting 22h post-infection. ·
The table shows the number of mice/group with positive latent infection in the trigeminal or cervical dorsal root ganglia.
No. of mice with +ve ganglia % mice /number of mice tested yielding at least one +ve ganglion
Group LeftT/G Right T/G Left CDR Right CDR
Control 10/10 10/10 10/10 6/10 100 famciclovir 0/10 0/10 0/10 0/10 0
AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
T/G = trigeminal CRG = Cervical dorsal root ganglia

Claims (5)

  1. Claims
    1. A method for the treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses in mammals, including humans, which method comprises administering to the mammal in need of
    5 such treatment, an effective amount of a compound of formula (A):
    10 or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing.
  2. 2. Use of a compound of formula (A):
    AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1 (A) or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing;
    20 in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses.
  3. 3. A pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses, which method comprises administering to the mammal in need of such
    25 treatment, an effective amount of a compound of formula (A);
    AP.00669 (A) or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl 5 derivative of either of the foregoing.
  4. 4. A method, use, or composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the treatment is for latent infection of herpes simplex type 1 infection.
    10 5. A method use, or composition according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the treatment is for latent infection of herpes simplex type 2 infection.
    6. A method use, or composition according to claim 1,2, 3,4, or 5 wherein the Compound is famciclovir.
    7. A method use, or composition according to claim 6 wherein famciclovir is administered at a dose of 125mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg, or lg, once, twice or three times a day.
    AP/P/ 9 7 / 0 1 0 0 1
    P31079
    AP.00669
    -1 Claims
    1. Use of a compound of formula (A):
    (A) or a bioprecursor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, phosphate ester and/or acyl derivative of either of the foregoing;
    in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of latent infection of herpesviruses.
    2. A use according to claim 1 wherein the treatment is for latent infection of herpes simplex type 1 infection.
    3. A use according to claim 1 wherein the treatment is for latent infection of herpes simplex type 2 infection.
    4. A use according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the Compound is famciclovir.
  5. 5. A use according to claim 4 wherein famciclovir is administered at a dose of 125mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg, or lg, once, twice or three times a day.
APAP/P/1997/001001A 1994-12-12 1995-11-23 Use of aminopurine antiviral agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of latent herpesvirus infections. AP669A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9425012.3A GB9425012D0 (en) 1994-12-12 1994-12-12 Pharmaceuticals
GBGB9506663.5A GB9506663D0 (en) 1995-03-31 1995-03-31 Pharmaceuticals
GBGB9517308.4A GB9517308D0 (en) 1995-08-24 1995-08-24 Pharmaceuticals
US08/522,790 US5840763A (en) 1994-12-12 1995-09-01 Treatment of a latent infection of herpes viruses
PCT/EP1995/004692 WO1996018396A1 (en) 1994-12-12 1995-11-23 Use of aminopurine antiviral agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of latent herpesvirus infections

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Publication Number Publication Date
AP9701001A0 AP9701001A0 (en) 1997-07-31
AP669A true AP669A (en) 1998-09-04

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EP (1) EP0799039B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2008088189A (en)
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AP (1) AP669A (en)
AT (1) ATE208198T1 (en)
AU (1) AU699627B2 (en)
BG (1) BG63815B1 (en)
BR (1) BR9509986A (en)
CA (1) CA2207503C (en)
CY (1) CY2339B1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ291545B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69523776T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0799039T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2166834T3 (en)
HU (1) HU222835B1 (en)
NO (1) NO313862B1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ297424A (en)
PT (1) PT799039E (en)
RO (1) RO120042B1 (en)
SI (1) SI0799039T1 (en)
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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5840763A (en) * 1994-12-12 1998-11-24 Smithkline Beecham Plc Treatment of a latent infection of herpes viruses
US6047209A (en) * 1999-04-02 2000-04-04 Denny; Jeffrey Paul Method and apparatus for maintenance of pierced orifices
EP1865960A2 (en) * 2005-03-30 2007-12-19 Novartis AG Penciclovir or famciclovir for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes with a one-day application
AU2006230269A1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-05 Novartis Ag Penciclovir or famciclovir for the treatment of recurrent genital herpes with a one-day application
WO2007037790A2 (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-04-05 Elan Corporation, Plc Modified release famciclovir compositions
EP3753563A1 (en) * 2019-06-20 2020-12-23 Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH Anti-herpesvirus guanosine analogue for the inhibition of basal autophagy

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WO1992000742A1 (en) * 1990-07-07 1992-01-23 Beecham Group Plc Penciclovir and famciclovir and related guanine derivatives for the treatment of the hiv-1 infections
WO1996018396A1 (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Use of aminopurine antiviral agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of latent herpesvirus infections

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US4423050A (en) * 1981-05-21 1983-12-27 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine as antiviral agent
US4355032B2 (en) * 1981-05-21 1990-10-30 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine as antiviral agent
US4461757A (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-07-24 Ens Bio Logicals Inc. Dimethylaminomethylenated anti-herpes compounds
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WO1992000742A1 (en) * 1990-07-07 1992-01-23 Beecham Group Plc Penciclovir and famciclovir and related guanine derivatives for the treatment of the hiv-1 infections
WO1996018396A1 (en) * 1994-12-12 1996-06-20 Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. Use of aminopurine antiviral agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of latent herpesvirus infections

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Title
ANTIMICROB AGENTS CHEMOTHER *

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HK1003259A1 (en) 1998-10-23
CN1098687C (en) 2003-01-15
AU699627B2 (en) 1998-12-10
RO120042B1 (en) 2005-08-30
BR9509986A (en) 1997-11-25
SK75197A3 (en) 1997-11-05
EP0799039B1 (en) 2001-11-07
CA2207503C (en) 2006-07-18
NO972688L (en) 1997-08-07
PT799039E (en) 2002-04-29
HU222835B1 (en) 2003-11-28
SI0799039T1 (en) 2002-06-30
ATE208198T1 (en) 2001-11-15
SK282983B6 (en) 2003-01-09
MX9704336A (en) 1997-09-30
ES2166834T3 (en) 2002-05-01
JP2008088189A (en) 2008-04-17
CN1175212A (en) 1998-03-04
US5916893A (en) 1999-06-29
US5840763A (en) 1998-11-24
AU4257896A (en) 1996-07-03
CZ179997A3 (en) 1997-09-17
CY2339B1 (en) 2004-02-06
DE69523776T2 (en) 2002-08-01
AP9701001A0 (en) 1997-07-31
CZ291545B6 (en) 2003-04-16
BG101608A (en) 1998-02-27
DE69523776D1 (en) 2001-12-13
EP0799039A1 (en) 1997-10-08
NO313862B1 (en) 2002-12-16
HUT77437A (en) 1998-04-28
NZ297424A (en) 2000-07-28
WO1996018396A1 (en) 1996-06-20
CA2207503A1 (en) 1996-06-20
NO972688D0 (en) 1997-06-11
BG63815B1 (en) 2003-02-28
DK0799039T3 (en) 2002-01-28

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