WO2007032707A1

WO2007032707A1 - Method for detecting moving electroconductive objects

Info

Publication number: WO2007032707A1
Application number: PCT/RU2006/000434
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vladislav Alexandrovich Astrelin; Yuri Vladimirovich Dagaev; Alexei Borisovich Kasianov; Vitaly Alexandrovich Mitrofanov; Valeri Valentinovich Smirnov
Original assignee: Fond 'innovatsionny Tsentr Ibrae Ran'
Priority date: 2005-09-12
Filing date: 2006-08-17
Publication date: 2007-03-22
Also published as: CN101263537A; EP1926066A4; CN101263537B; RU2303290C2; EP1926066B1; EP1926066A1; RU2005128189A

Abstract

The invention relates to security and is used for detecting moving electroconductive objects. The inventive method consists in placing radiators (4), which are interconnected by a communication cable and embodied in the form of electric voltage converters, at equal or unequal distances in the monitoring space area along the protected border or a perimeter in an electric or magnetic field (quasi-steady electromagnetic field) and measurers (3) which are interconnected by another communication cable (1) and comprise therein devices for primarily analysing and processing the changes of measured parameters of said fields and in forming measurer-radiator pairs consisting of neighbouring and adjacent measurers and radiators, wherein said pairs detect an object and transmit the information about the object detection delivered by each pair to a central information analysing and processing device (14) which forms a message about the object or the group thereof detection indicating the location(s) of the detected object(s). Said invention makes it possible to improve the reliability of object detection(s) and to increase the accuracy for indicating a place or places where the protected border (perimeter) is crossed by the object(s).

Description

METHOD FOR DETECTING MOVING ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS

OBJECTS

The present invention relates to the field of security and is intended for the detection of electrically conductive objects moving along an arbitrary route. The invention, in particular, relates to a method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects, in which, in a controlled area of space along a guarded line or perimeter, at the same or unequal distances from each other, meters connected to each other by a communication cable made in the form of magnetic field to electric voltage converters are placed , and interconnected by another communication cable emitters made in the form of converters of electrical voltage to a magnetic field e, changes in the parameters of the resulting field created by the emitters (representing the sum of the primary field and secondary fields) are recorded by meters and, according to specified combinations of measured parameters, they generate information about the detection of an electrically conductive object or group of electrically conductive objects

The invention may find application for detecting an intruder or intruders (a person, groups of people, other biological objects) that crosses some controlled area of space, for example, a state border, a guarded line or a guarded perimeter of a potentially dangerous object or any other protected object (for example, nuclear plant, chemical or military production facility, arsenal of nuclear or conventional weapons, utility fund facility, socio-cultural or national economic facility tions, private property, etc.). It doesn’t matter how the detected object crosses or tries to cross the controlled area of space: growing, bending, crawling in the thick grass, between shrubs and trees, under water or under snow, by construction, on a vehicle or horse-drawn cart, riding a horse or other animal. The invention is suitable for detecting a wide class of moving (metallic and other) conductive objects and use in their security systems, for example, to prevent and prevent collisions of vehicles.

Currently, various methods for detecting moving objects are known, which, based on the properties of the detected object, its elements and / or objects located on it, can be divided into the following groups:

1. The group to which the methods for detecting moving objects with magnetic properties belong. The limited use of the methods of this group is due to the mandatory observance of a number of conditions. So, for example, the method implemented in the device described in SU 492413 allows to detect an object if its trajectory is known, and permanent magnets are placed on the detected object. The method implemented in the device described in RU 2106692 Cl allows detecting an object (intruder) if it has magnetic objects and causes ground vibrations.

2. The group which includes methods for detecting moving objects that have ferromagnetic properties, high electrical conductivity, the ability to interact with the Earth’s magnetic field and / or create their own electromagnetic field by their movement. The listed properties of such objects determine the area of practical application of these methods. Moreover, the application of the methods of this group requires the fulfillment of a number of other (additional) conditions. So, in particular, the method described in SU 591905 can be used to detect vehicles that must necessarily enter the controlled area and cross its border (s), and along a previously known route. Another method for detecting moving objects is described in SU 1490681 Al. However, in this case, vehicles must follow a previously known route: through a flux gate. The method described in RU 204003 Cl can be used to detect objects, such as bathyscaphes, deep-sea vehicles and other similar objects that create their own electromagnetic field by their movement. The method implemented in The device described in RU 2174244 Cl is designed to detect and track an extended metal-containing object from the side of an underwater search engine.

3. The group to which the methods for detecting moving objects with poor electrical conductivity, for example, bioobjects, belong. The electrical conductivity of objects detected by the methods of this group is many times less than the electrical conductivity of objects detected by methods assigned to other groups. For example, the electrical conductivity of the human body is millions of times less than the electrical conductivity of aluminum. The purpose of the proposed method is to detect any moving through a controlled area of space along an arbitrary route of conductive objects, including moving along an arbitrary route of objects with weak electrical conductivity. Separate actions of the proposed method are contained in the method for registering the location of moving metal objects described in SU 1246905 AZ, namely: using the conductive loop (which can also be a magnetic dipole), eddy currents are excited in the object, their level is estimated and the location is judged by it object. However, improving the accuracy of registering the position of an object in this way is achieved by measuring the inductance, which practically, due to the difficulties of technical implementation and the need to find the object at the time of its detection in the loop zone of the inductor, eliminates the possibility of detecting moving weakly conductive objects. That is why such a well-known method is used only for registering the location of cars and other objects with high electrical conductivity. The closest known method to the inventive method is the method implemented in the device, a diagram of which is shown in FIG. 1 and which is described in RU 2071121 Cl. In this known method, the detection of an intruder crossing a guarded line is ensured by the use of several emitters 4 made in the form of electric voltage to magnetic field converters and connected by a communication cable 2, and several receivers 3 made in the form of magnetic converters field in electrical voltage and connected by another communication cable 1, while placing emitters 4 and receivers 3 in alternating order one after another. The generator 5, the driver 12 of the reference voltage, the phase shifter 11, the amplifier 6, the synchronous detector 7, the bandpass filter 8, the threshold unit 9 and the driver 10 of the alarm signal of the specified device on the signal they process from the receivers 3 give (or do not give) an alarm signal about the detection (or lack of detection) of the "intruder". The use of magnetic field emitters 4 (essentially representing magnetic dipoles) in this method, when implemented, leads to design passes of the detected object in directions lying in the planes (or in planes close to them) passing through the magnetic moment vectors of the emitters 4 and vertical to him, and planes (or in planes close to them) passing through the vectors of magnetic moments of the receivers 3 and vertical to them. This is due to the fact that the signals generated by the detected object in the indicated directions are much weaker than the signals generated by the same object in other directions. Their amplification to the level necessary to detect the object, without reducing the noise immunity of the device that implements this method, is practically difficult. Along with this, the known method reduces the noise immunity of the device and the reliability of detection of an object crossing a guarded line (perimeter), and in other directions. The latter is due to the fact that the processed input signal is the sum of signals from all even or from all odd receivers, and not a signal from the receiver, which, together with the emitter adjacent to it, localizes the place (section) of the intersection of the protected boundary (perimeter) by the object. It also follows from this that when detecting moving electrically conductive objects in this way it is impossible to determine the number of sites in which - on one, on several, and on which ones exactly - the intersection of the protected line (perimeter) occurred. When using this method, the level of the useful signal depends on the distance between the emitter 4 and the receiver 3. In practice, as a rule, it is not possible to maintain the design distance between the emitters 4 and the receivers 3. Deviations from the design distances are caused natural or artificial obstacles (trees, boulders, utilities, etc.), which in turn complicates the setup of devices that implement this method when they are installed at the facility. The detection area is uneven. In some areas, large amplifications are required that reduce the noise immunity of the entire system. In addition, this method eliminates the possibility of changing the settings of the emitters 4 and receivers 3 by hardware. The levels of the primary magnetic fields of the emitters 4 and the sensitivity of the receivers 3 can only be set when the devices are configured in the factory or during installation at the facility and cannot be changed during operation without additional remounting and additional reconfiguration.

Based on the foregoing, the present invention was based on the task of developing a method for detecting moving (s) electronic objects with higher reliability and more accurate localization of a place or places of crossing (s) of a protected line (perimeter) of electric ) object (s).

With regard to the method, the characteristics of which are indicated at the beginning of the description, the problem posed in the invention is solved due to the fact that the meters provide devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of the magnetic and electric fields, from the neighboring and adjacent meters and emitters form pairs emitter ", pairs of" meter-emitter "identify and information about the detection of an electrically conductive object generated by each pair of" meter-emitter "is transmitted to a central antenna roystvo analysis and processing of information, which forms an alert is detected electrically conductive object or a group of electrically conductive objects, indicating the place or places of the detection object detection.

Placing the devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of magnetic and electric fields directly in the meters and the pair identification of the meters and emitters can achieve the following advantages: - the detection zone is formed more uniform due to the exclusion of the dependence of the useful signal on the phase relationships;

- it is possible to obtain a narrow frequency bandwidth of the working path, determined only by tactical requirements, which in turn significantly increases the system's resistance to external electromagnetic interference;

- significantly reduces the dependence of the useful signal on the environment and instabilities of the emitters, in particular, due to instabilities of the amplification factors of the RF amplifiers (due to the fact that it becomes possible to calculate the relative magnitude of the signal increment).

According to one preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the meters and emitters are arranged in pairs. The advantage of this option is that zones of reduced sensitivity are excluded (by special formation of meter-emitter pairs, each meter and each emitter (with the exception of extreme ones) are between the meter and the emitter of any pair).

It is preferable to use microcontrollers as devices for the primary analysis and processing of measured changes in the parameters of magnetic and electric fields.

It is preferable to use a processor as a central device for analyzing and processing information.

The advantage of using microcontrollers and a processor is determined by the ability to implement complex algorithms when processing the information received, the stability of the technical characteristics of the system and its competitive economic indicators.

According to another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, antennas with radiation resistance not exceeding 300 Ohms are used in meters and emitters to achieve uniform sensitivity of the meter-emitter pairs along the guarded boundary (perimeter). According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the values of the high-frequency operating voltages are chosen to be greater than 1 MHz, which makes it possible to detect biological objects and other weakly conductive objects. When the system is triggered, the central device for analyzing and processing information, if necessary, automatically turns on or allows turning on the technical means of ensuring safety and provides information to the personnel or crew for making their own decision.

Information from peripheral devices and from the central device for the analysis and processing of information can be transmitted both via communication cables (electric or optical), and via a radio channel.

Below the invention is described in more detail in a non-limiting example of one of the variants of its possible implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show: in FIG. 1 is a diagram of a known device implementing the known method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects, FIG. 2 is a diagram of a device that implements the inventive method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the pairwise arrangement of emitters and meters.

Shown in FIG. 2, the device is one of the preferred devices that implement the method of the invention and allows to increase the reliability of detection and the accuracy of localization of the intersection or intersection of the guarded line (perimeter) with electrically conducting object (s), in particular, bioobjects. To do this, in the controlled area of space (along the guarded line), at equal or unequal distances from each other, magnetic and electric field meters 3 are placed, next to which and / or between which regular or irregular order emitters of a quasistationary electromagnetic field are placed. Processing unit 14, i.e. a central device for analyzing and processing information, is installed, for example, in a precinct cabinet or in a security room. Processing unit 14 and peripheral devices, i.e. meters 3 and emitters 4, are interconnected by cables 1, 2, respectively. The processing unit 14 consists of a conditioning unit for the supply voltage, high-frequency sinusoidal signal generators, a mixer, power amplifiers, an intermediate frequency driver, filters and buffers, an exchange device, a processor, a matching device with a communication line, a device for protecting against reverse polarity and a device for protecting against static electricity and lightning discharges. The emitters 4 contain a power amplifier of high-frequency signals, loaded onto a radiating antenna having a low radiation resistance not exceeding 300 Ohms. The meters 3 contain the same low-resistance antenna as the emitters, a synchronous high-frequency detector, a filter, a video signal detector, and a peripheral microcontroller, which performs the function of a device for the primary analysis and processing of operational parameters of meters and emitters and changes in the parameters of magnetic and electric fields.

Shown in FIG. 2 device operates as follows. When applying to the power supply device the high-frequency voltage from the generator located in the processing unit 14, through the communication cable 2 is supplied to the input of one of the emitters 4, and the reference voltage from another generator, also located in the processing unit 14, is fed to the input of the corresponding meter 3 The voltage received at the input of the emitter 4 is amplified by power and then transmitted to its antenna. A quasi-stationary electromagnetic field is created in the surrounding space. A voltage arises at the antenna of the meter 3, which is determined by the component composition of the field acting on the meter, which is detected by a synchronous detector. After appropriate filtering, the voltage is fed through an analog-to-digital converter to the input of the microcontroller included in the meter 3, which identifies this voltage as a direct signal, i.e. as the voltage level at the site of a working pair of "meter-emitter" in the absence of a detectable object. The microcontroller of the meter 3 also analyzes the magnitude of the operating voltages, compares them with the set, generates information about the health of the meter 3 and emitter 4 and in case of their malfunction issues information about this to the processor. In addition, the microcontroller of the meter 3 performs the processing of the detected signal in order to form the working frequency band of the required width, compares the effective voltage with the threshold, adjusts the threshold, selects the signals according to distinctive parameters, in particular, according to the steepness of the voltage front and its cutoff, and provides using peripheral devices, the exchange of information with the processor. When an intruder appears in the area of the meter-emitter pair, the component composition of the electromagnetic field at the location of the meter 3 changes, which leads to a corresponding change in the voltage at the input of its microcontroller. According to the results of the analysis by the microcontroller of the changed voltage, information is generated on the detection of the intruder (an electrically conductive object). The information received, together with the identifier of a particular meter 3, is transmitted through the communication interface to the processor of the processing unit 14. The central device for analyzing and processing information, i.e. processing unit 14, generates a notification about the detection of an electrically conductive object or a group of electrically conductive objects with an indication of the location of detection, automatically turns on the technical means of security or allows them to be turned on and provides information to security personnel or the crew of the vehicle for making their own decision. Next, the processor of the processing unit 14 turns off the working meter-emitter pair and turns on a new meter-emitter pair, repeating this process continuously for all meter-emitter pairs. The device shown in FIG. 2, may consist of only one pair

"meter-emitter" and in this configuration is recommended for use, for example, in the protection of entrances, passages, driveways, mountain roads and paths, in collision warning systems and vehicle collision avoidance systems. In FIG. 3 shows a variant with pairwise placement of meters 3 connected to each other by a communication cable 1 and radiators 4 connected by a communication cable 2. In this embodiment, along a guarded line (perimeter) place the emitter 4, followed by another emitter 4, then the meter 3, then again the meter 3, then the emitter 4, then the emitter 4, then the meter 3, then the meter 3, etc. Equally equivalent from the point of view of object detection is the placement according to the following scheme: meter 3, followed by meter 3, then emitter 4, then again emitter 4, then meter 3, followed by meter 3, then emitter 4, then again - emitter 4, etc.

Shown in FIG. 3, the device operates similarly to the device whose circuit is shown in FIG. 2. At the same time, the distances between the emitters 4 and the meters 3 are chosen so as to ensure the formation of a useful signal sufficient to detect a moving (s) electrical object (s) and to exclude the influence of the emitters 3 on each other (amplification or attenuation emitted signal should not exceed 30%).

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects, in which, in a controlled area of space along a guarded line or perimeter, at the same or unequal distances from each other, meters connected to each other by a communication cable made in the form of magnetic field to electric voltage converters are placed and interconnected another communication cable emitters, made in the form of converters of electric voltage to a magnetic field, changing the parameters created and the resultant field emitters register the meters and, according to the specified combinations of the measured parameters, generate information about the detection of an electrically conductive object or group of electrically conductive objects, characterized in that the meters contain devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of the magnetic and electric fields from the adjacent and adjacent meters and emitters form pairs “meter-emitter”, pairs “meter-emitter” identify and information about detected and an electrically conductive object generated by each pair of "measuring transducer" is transmitted to the central unit analyzing and processing that generates notification of detected conductive object or a group of electrically conductive objects, indicating the place or places of the detection object detection.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the meters are placed along the guarded line or perimeter in pairs and the emitters are placed along the guarded line or perimeter in pairs.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that microcontrollers are used as devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of the magnetic and electric fields.

4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the processor is used as the central device for analyzing and processing information.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that antennas with radiation resistance not exceeding 300 ohms are used in meters and emitters.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency of the high-frequency operating voltages is selected to be greater than 1 MHz.

7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the central device for the analysis and processing of information, if necessary, automatically includes or allows you to include technical means of ensuring security and provides information to the staff or crew for making their own decisions.