WO1997043863A1 - Process for storage or transmission of stereoscopic video signals - Google Patents

Process for storage or transmission of stereoscopic video signals Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997043863A1
WO1997043863A1 PCT/DE1997/000956 DE9700956W WO9743863A1 WO 1997043863 A1 WO1997043863 A1 WO 1997043863A1 DE 9700956 W DE9700956 W DE 9700956W WO 9743863 A1 WO9743863 A1 WO 9743863A1
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Prior art keywords
video signals
signal
right video
signals
combined
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PCT/DE1997/000956
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Stephan Breide
Klaus-Norbert Dahmen
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Deutsche Telekom Ag
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Publication of WO1997043863A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997043863A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N11/00—Colour television systems
    • H04N11/04—Colour television systems using pulse code modulation
    • H04N11/042—Codec means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/15—Processing image signals for colour aspects of image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/161—Encoding, multiplexing or demultiplexing different image signal components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/194—Transmission of image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/186—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/59—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/597—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/189—Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for storing or transmitting stereoscopic video signals that contain a left video signal and a right video signal.
  • two different camera positions are recorded, the signals from both cameras - hereinafter referred to as left and right video signals - are transmitted, and the reproduction is such that the eyes of a viewer are each taken from one of the positions See picture.
  • two channels or a channel with double bit rate are required for the video signals without further measures.
  • left and right video signals are under-sampled after pre-filtering and combined with one another using a time-division multiplex method
  • the combined signal is encoded in a data-reducing manner and decoded after transmission or storage
  • every second sample is forwarded during the sub-sampling.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that the stereoscopic video signals are encoded in a common data stream that can be transmitted and stored in the usual way.
  • a further development of the method according to the invention consists in the fact that when the video signals are present using the interline method, the subsampling in the two partial images takes place so differently that a quincunx pattern results in the full image.
  • This further development has the advantage that the horizontal and vertical resolution is almost retained.
  • the combined signal alternates the left and the right video signal line by line contains.
  • this development has the advantage that the devices provided for data-reducing coding and decoding can also be used for the signals combined according to the method of the invention without significant changes.
  • Data-reducing processing steps such as discrete cosine transformation, are thus successively applied to one line of the left image and one line of the right image.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that each component signal is undersampled when the video signals are present as component signals. This ensures that the component signals are also processed in the same way, so that falsifications of the color tone or the color strength are avoided.
  • the method according to the invention can be used per se in connection with various data reduction methods. However, it is preferably provided that the data-reducing coding is carried out using the MPEG method.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the signals occurring during the various steps of the method
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram for explaining the method according to the invention.
  • the left and right video signals to be transmitted or stored are digitally available in accordance with the ITU-R 601 YUV 4: 2: 2 standard.
  • a line of the luminance signal Y accordingly contains 720 picture elements or samples, while the color difference signals U and V each contain 360 samples per line. 576 lines form a full picture, the sub-pictures containing 288 lines.
  • the inputs 1, 2 are supplied with the video signals YL, UL and VL of the left channel and YR, UR and VR of the right channel to be transmitted or stored. To avoid alias interference during the subsequent subsampling, these signals are pre-filtered at 3 and 4.
  • the pre-filtered signals are subsampled at 5, 6, which is done in such a way that every second picture element is forwarded, the picture elements to be forwarded preferably being offset from field to field by the width of one pixel in each case.
  • This is shown schematically in FIG. 2 with reference to 9 picture elements, the picture elements of the upper and the lower line belonging to a first partial picture and the picture elements of the middle line belonging to a second partial picture.
  • the crossed out picture elements are suppressed in the subsampling. With the number of lines remaining the same, the number of picture elements per line is halved, which is shown in FIG. 1 in diagrams 7 and 8.
  • the undersampled video signals are combined in a multiplexer 9 to form a signal which is fed from the output 10 of the multiplexer 9 to a coder 11.
  • the data-reduced combined signal generated by the encoder 11 is then passed via a channel 12 (transmission channel, recording and reproducing channel) to a decoder 13, from the output of which it is led to a demultiplexer 14, at the outputs 15 and 16 of which the undersampled left and right Video signals are available.
  • a picture element with the value 0 is inserted between every second picture element of the subsampled signals, whereupon at 19 and 20 the picture elements initially used with the value 0 receive values which are determined by interpolation of the neighboring picture elements.
  • the left and right video signals YL, UL, VL and YR, UR and VR are then available at the outputs 21, 22.

Abstract

This invention concerns a process for storage or transmission of stereoscopic video signals which include a left and a right video signal; after prefiltering, the left and the right video signal are subsampled and combined using a time-multiplexing process; the combined signal is encoded reducing the data and decoded after transmission or storage; the decoded combined signal is once again divided into a left and a right video signal, and the sampling values lost from subsampling are replaced by interpolated sample values. Data reduction is preferably done by encoding with the MPEG process.

Description

Verfahren zur Speicherung oder Übertragung von stereoskopischen VideosignalenMethods for storing or transmitting stereoscopic video signals
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Speicherung oder Übertragung von stereoskopischen Videosignalen, die ein linkes Videosignal und ein rechtes Videosignal enthalten.The invention relates to a method for storing or transmitting stereoscopic video signals that contain a left video signal and a right video signal.
Zur Übertragung von stereoskopischen Bildern von Objekten oder Szenen erfolgt je eine Aufnahme von zwei verschiedenen Kamerastandpunkten, eine Übertragung der Signale beider Kameras - im folgenden linkes und rechtes Videosignal genannt - und eine derartige Wiedergabe, daß die Augen eines Betrachters jeweils das von einem der Standpunkte aufgenommene Bild sehen. Dazu sind ohne weitere Maßnahmen für die Videosignale zwei Kanäle bzw. ein Kanal mit doppelter Bitrate erforderlich.For the transmission of stereoscopic images of objects or scenes, two different camera positions are recorded, the signals from both cameras - hereinafter referred to as left and right video signals - are transmitted, and the reproduction is such that the eyes of a viewer are each taken from one of the positions See picture. For this purpose, two channels or a channel with double bit rate are required for the video signals without further measures.
Zur Speicherung und/oder Übertragung von Videosignalen sind verschiedene datenreduzierende Verfahren bekanntgeworden - unter anderem das MPEG-Verfahren. Es ist beispielsweise beschrieben in D. Teichner: "Der MPEG-2-Standard" in FERNSEH- UND KINO-TECHNIK 1994, S. 155 bis 163. Mit diesem und ähnlichen Datenreduktionsverfahren lassen sich Reduktionsfaktoren bis zu etwa 50 erreichen, was eine kostengünstige Übertragung über Kanäle mit niedriger Bitrate sowie eine vorteilhafte Speicherung auf Medien, wie Magnetbändern, Magnetplatten und optischen Platten, ermöglicht. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, Datenreduktionsverfahren auch für eine stereoskopische Bildübertragung oder -speicherung nutzbar zu machen, wobei insbesondere die Synchronität der beiden Videosignale bzw. der entsprechenden Datenströme sichergestellt sein soll.Various data-reducing methods have become known for storing and / or transmitting video signals - including the MPEG method. It is described, for example, in D. Teichner: "The MPEG-2 standard" in TELEVISION AND CINEMA TECHNOLOGY 1994, pp. 155 to 163. With this and similar data reduction methods, reduction factors of up to about 50 can be achieved, which is a cost-effective transmission via channels with a low bit rate and advantageous storage on media such as magnetic tapes, magnetic disks and optical disks. The object of the present invention is to make data reduction methods also usable for stereoscopic image transmission or storage, the synchronism of the two video signals or the corresponding data streams in particular being to be ensured.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst,According to the invention, this object is achieved by
- daß das linke und das rechte Videosignal nach einer Vorfilterung unterabgetastet und miteinander nach einem Zeitmultiplexverfahren kombiniert werden,that the left and right video signals are under-sampled after pre-filtering and combined with one another using a time-division multiplex method,
- daß das kombinierte Signal datenreduzierend codiert und nach der Übertragung oder Speicherung decodiert wird,that the combined signal is encoded in a data-reducing manner and decoded after transmission or storage,
- daß das decodierte kombinierte Signal wieder in ein linkes und ein rechtes Videosignal aufgeteilt wird und- That the decoded combined signal is again divided into a left and a right video signal and
- daß die durch die Unterabtastung verlorenen Abtastwerte durch interpolierte Abtastwerte ersetzt werden.- That the samples lost by the subsampling are replaced by interpolated samples.
Dabei ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß bei der Unterabtastung jeder zweite Abtastwert weitergeleitet wird.It is preferably provided that every second sample is forwarded during the sub-sampling.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat den Vorteil, daß die stereoskopischen Videosignale in einem gemeinsamen Datenstrom codiert sind, der in üblicher Weise übertragen und gespeichert werden kann.The method according to the invention has the advantage that the stereoscopic video signals are encoded in a common data stream that can be transmitted and stored in the usual way.
Eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß bei Vorliegen der Videosignale nach dem Zwischenzeilenverfahren die Unterabtastung in beiden Teilbildern derart unterschiedlich erfolgt, daß sich im Vollbild ein Quincunx-Muster ergibt. Diese Weiterbildung hat den Vorteil, daß die horizontale und die vertikale Auflösung nahezu erhalten bleibt.A further development of the method according to the invention consists in the fact that when the video signals are present using the interline method, the subsampling in the two partial images takes place so differently that a quincunx pattern results in the full image. This further development has the advantage that the horizontal and vertical resolution is almost retained.
Gemäß einer anderen Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, daß das kombinierte Signal zeilenweise abwechselnd das linke und das rechte Videosignal enthält. Gegenüber anderen gegebenenfalls anwendbaren Zeitmultiplexverfahren (beispielsweise Bildelementmultiplex) hat diese Weiterbildung den Vorteil, daß die zur datenreduzierenden Codierung und Decodierung vorgesehenen Einrichtungen ohne wesentliche Änderungen auch für die gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kombinierten Signale angewendet werden können. So werden datenreduzierende Verarbeitungsschritte, wie beispielsweise diskrete Cosinustransformation, nacheinander auf jeweils eine Zeile des linken Bildes und eine Zeile des rechten Bildes angewandt.According to another development of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the combined signal alternates the left and the right video signal line by line contains. Compared to other time-division multiplexing methods that may be used (for example picture element multiplexing), this development has the advantage that the devices provided for data-reducing coding and decoding can also be used for the signals combined according to the method of the invention without significant changes. Data-reducing processing steps, such as discrete cosine transformation, are thus successively applied to one line of the left image and one line of the right image.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß bei Vorliegen der Videosignale als Komponentensignale jedes Komponentensignal unterabgetastet wird. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß die Komponentensignale ebenfalls gleich verarbeitet werden, so daß Verfälschungen des Farbtons oder der Farbstärke vermieden werden.An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that each component signal is undersampled when the video signals are present as component signals. This ensures that the component signals are also processed in the same way, so that falsifications of the color tone or the color strength are avoided.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann an sich im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Datenreduktionsverfahren angewendet werden. Vorzugsweise ist jedoch vorgesehen, daß die datenreduzierende Codierung nach dem MPEG-Verfahren erfolgt.The method according to the invention can be used per se in connection with various data reduction methods. However, it is preferably provided that the data-reducing coding is carried out using the MPEG method.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung anhand mehrerer Figuren dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing using several figures and are explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung der während der verschiedenen Schritte des Verfahrens auftretenden Signale undFig. 1 is a schematic representation of the signals occurring during the various steps of the method and
Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. In beiden Darstellungen wird davon ausgegangen, daß die zu übertragenden oder zu speichernden linken und rechten Videosignale digital gemäß dem Standard ITU-R 601 YUV 4:2:2 vorliegen. Eine Zeile des Luminanzsignals Y enthält demgemäß 720 Bildelemente bzw. Abtastwerte, während die Farbdifferenzsignale U und V jeweils 360 Abtastwerte pro Zeile enthalten. 576 Zeilen bilden ein Vollbild, wobei die Teilbilder 288 Zeilen enthalten.Fig. 2 is a block diagram for explaining the method according to the invention. In both representations, it is assumed that the left and right video signals to be transmitted or stored are digitally available in accordance with the ITU-R 601 YUV 4: 2: 2 standard. A line of the luminance signal Y accordingly contains 720 picture elements or samples, while the color difference signals U and V each contain 360 samples per line. 576 lines form a full picture, the sub-pictures containing 288 lines.
In Fig. 1 sind Signale jeweils mit gleichlautenden Bezugsziffern wie diejenigen Punkte im Blockschaltbild nach Fig. 2 versehen, an denen die Signale auftreten. Fig. 1 stellt keine zeitliche Abfolge dar, sondern ist lediglich eine Veranschaulichung der jeweiligen Signale und der Anzahl der jeweils vorhandenen Bildelemente bzw. Abtastwerte.In Fig. 1, signals are given the same reference numerals as those points in the block diagram of Fig. 2 at which the signals occur. 1 does not represent a chronological sequence, but is merely an illustration of the respective signals and the number of the picture elements or samples present in each case.
Den Eingängen 1, 2 werden die zu übertragenden bzw. zu speichernden Videosignale YL, UL und VL des linken Kanals und YR, UR und VR des rechten Kanals zugeführt. Zur Vermeidung von Alias-Störungen bei der anschließenden Unterabtastung werden diese Signale bei 3 und 4 vorgefiltert.The inputs 1, 2 are supplied with the video signals YL, UL and VL of the left channel and YR, UR and VR of the right channel to be transmitted or stored. To avoid alias interference during the subsequent subsampling, these signals are pre-filtered at 3 and 4.
Die vorgefilterten Signale werden bei 5, 6 unterabgetastet, was derart erfolgt, daß jedes zweite Bildelement weitergeleitet wird, wobei vorzugsweise die weiterzuleitenden Bildelemente von Teilbild zu Teilbild um jeweils die Breite eines Bildelementes versetzt sind. In Fig. 2 ist dieses schematisch anhand von 9 Bildelementen dargestellt, wobei die Bildelemente der oberen und der unteren Zeile zu einem ersten Teilbild und die Bildelemente der mittleren Zeile zu einem zweiten Teilbild gehören. Die durchstrichenen Bildelemente werden bei der Unterabtastung unterdrückt. Bei gleichbleibender Zeilenzahl ist somit die Zahl der Bildelemente pro Zeile halbiert, was in Fig. 1 in den Diagrammen 7 und 8 dargestellt ist. In einem Multiplexer 9 werden die unterabgetasteten Videosignale zu einem Signal kombiniert, das vom Ausgang 10 des Multiplexers 9 einem Coder 11 zugeleitet wird. Das vom Coder 11 erzeugte datenreduzierte kombinierte Signal wird dann über einen Kanal 12 (Übertragungskanal, Aufzeichnungs- und Wiedergabekanal) zu einem Decoder 13 geleitet, von dessen Ausgang es zu einem Demultiplexer 14 geführt werden, an dessen Ausgängen 15 und 16 die unterabgetasteten linken und rechten Videosignale zur Verfügung stehen. Bei 17 und 18 wird zwischen jedes zweite Bildelement der unterabgetasteten Signale ein Bildelement mit dem Wert 0 eingesetzt, worauf bei 19 und 20 die zunächst mit dem Wert 0 eingesetzten Bildelemente Werte erhalten, die durch Interpolation der benachbarten Bildelemente ermittelt werden. An den Ausgängen 21 , 22 stehen dann die linken und rechten Videosignale YL, UL, VL und YR, UR und VR zur Verfügung. The pre-filtered signals are subsampled at 5, 6, which is done in such a way that every second picture element is forwarded, the picture elements to be forwarded preferably being offset from field to field by the width of one pixel in each case. This is shown schematically in FIG. 2 with reference to 9 picture elements, the picture elements of the upper and the lower line belonging to a first partial picture and the picture elements of the middle line belonging to a second partial picture. The crossed out picture elements are suppressed in the subsampling. With the number of lines remaining the same, the number of picture elements per line is halved, which is shown in FIG. 1 in diagrams 7 and 8. The undersampled video signals are combined in a multiplexer 9 to form a signal which is fed from the output 10 of the multiplexer 9 to a coder 11. The data-reduced combined signal generated by the encoder 11 is then passed via a channel 12 (transmission channel, recording and reproducing channel) to a decoder 13, from the output of which it is led to a demultiplexer 14, at the outputs 15 and 16 of which the undersampled left and right Video signals are available. At 17 and 18, a picture element with the value 0 is inserted between every second picture element of the subsampled signals, whereupon at 19 and 20 the picture elements initially used with the value 0 receive values which are determined by interpolation of the neighboring picture elements. The left and right video signals YL, UL, VL and YR, UR and VR are then available at the outputs 21, 22.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zur Speicherung oder Übertragung von stereoskopischen Videosignalen, die ein linkes Videosignal und ein rechtes Videosignal enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet,1. A method for storing or transmitting stereoscopic video signals containing a left video signal and a right video signal, characterized in that
- daß das linke und das rechte Videosignal nach einer Vorfilterung unterabgetastet und miteinander nach einem Zeitmultiplexverfahren kombiniert werden,that the left and right video signals are under-sampled after pre-filtering and combined with one another using a time-division multiplex method,
- daß das kombinierte Signal datenreduzierend codiert und nach der Übertragung oder Speicherung decodiert wird,that the combined signal is encoded in a data-reducing manner and decoded after transmission or storage,
- daß das decodierte kombinierte Signal wieder in ein linkes und ein rechtes Videosignal aufgeteilt wird und- That the decoded combined signal is again divided into a left and a right video signal and
- daß die durch die Unterabtastung verlorenen Abtastwerte durch interpolierte Abtastwerte ersetzt werden.- That the samples lost by the subsampling are replaced by interpolated samples.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Unterabtastung jeder zweite Abtastwert weitergeleitet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that every second sample is forwarded in the subsampling.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Vorliegen der Videosignale nach dem Zwischenzeilenverfahren die Unterabtastung in beiden Teilbildern derart unterschiedlich erfolgt, daß sich im Vollbild ein Quincunx-Muster ergibt.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when the video signals are present according to the interline method, the subsampling in the two sub-images takes place so differently that a quincunx pattern results in the full image.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das kombinierte Signal zeilenweise abwechselnd das linke und das rechte Videosignal enthält. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the combined signal contains the left and right video signals alternately line by line.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Vorliegen der Videosignale als Komponentensignale jedes Komponentensignal unterabgetastet wird.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each component signal is subsampled when the video signals are present as component signals.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die datenreduzierende Codierung nach dem MPEG-Verfahren erfolgt. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data-reducing coding is carried out according to the MPEG method.
PCT/DE1997/000956 1996-05-15 1997-05-13 Process for storage or transmission of stereoscopic video signals WO1997043863A1 (en)

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