SK16095A3 - Lock and key - Google Patents

Abstract

The lock cylinder (24) comprises a rotatable cylindrical cylinder a core (36) having a channel (56) for inserting the key, wherein: the key (2) has on its part that is retractable into the channel (56) for key insertion, machine readable data (10) that prove it to be controlled locks. The lock cylinder (24) is at least partially in position a cylinder housing (26) disposed with the control device a connectable data sensing device (94) for sensing and transmitting key data to the control device (110), wherein the control device (110) checks data for the presence of the lock control authority and, when the lock control authority is detected, moves the electromechanical lock device (62) that releases the lock to unlock. Machine readable the data (10) is realized by an optically readable marker a pattern (12) which is illuminated in the lock cylinder (24) and is optically read by the optical fiber (114) and transmitted in the form of a corresponding light signal to a control device (110) that transmits a light signal, transforms it into an electrical signal, and digitally processes it.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a lock cylinder system and a key for a lock which is secured against unauthorized opening by an electromechanical locking device operable by a control device, the lock cylinder comprising a cylinder housing and a cylinder core formed therewith with a key insertion channel and pivotally rotatable about a key having a machine-readable data on its plug-in portion that proves it to be capable of operating the lock, and wherein the lock cylinder comprises at least partially located in the cylinder housing a data acquisition device from a key that is connectable with a control device of the electromechanical interlocking device, and for transmitting the read data to the control device, the control device being adapted to check the data received from the data reader for validation. the lock control network and upon finding the lock control authorization, the electromechanical interlock device has moved into a condition that releases the lock control.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

DE-OS 28 18 730 discloses a lock cylinder and key system of the type mentioned above. The key of this known system, in the form of a flat key, has information on a shorter portion of the key shank of a plurality of electrically conductive elements of flat or loop shape, which are distributed in some way on the electrically nonconductive, magnetic material. security code. The lock cylinder includes a read head located in the cylinder housing for electrically-inductive reading of the key data. Reading

- the head 2 is set to record the key data as it is fed into the key-inserting channel serially to transmit a serial data signal to the evaluation circuit that controls the lock cylinder from the lock cylinder and releases it to unlock the lock if it accepts the key data as data valid for the lock control authorization.

The reading head comprises four reading windings which are fed by an AC circuit with certain different frequencies and / or certain different phase relationships, and interact electromagnetically with the conductive pattern and the magnetic support material of the conductive pattern. The resulting induction interaction, or its feedback on the read head signals prepared by the evaluation circuit, is recorded by the evaluation circuit and converted to a digital data signal for evaluating and checking the key control for the lock.

A disadvantage of this known lock cylinder and key system is that it is relatively expensive to prepare a key with a carrier of information from an electrically non-conductive, magnetic material, a conductive pattern of electrically conductive material deposited thereon, and a protective layer for the conductive pattern. In addition, it is costly and difficult to realize a reading head in which four inductive windings are located in a very small space in an exact distance from each other, and the problem of the possibility of electromagnetic interference between the reader and the reader is also to be pointed out.

The evaluation circuit of this known lock cylinder and key system must be input to prepare four alternating signals for the read windings of the read head, wherein the frequencies of the alternating signals must be in exact relationship with each other to allow data evaluation. Such a requirement makes the evaluation circuit relatively complex. In this context, it should also be pointed out that external electromagnetic interference fields can easily lead to inductive data acquisition and data transmission errors.

US-PS 3,639,906 discloses a key identification system in which a flat key introduced into a key insertion channel in a lock cylinder, by its mechanical cutting profile, converts four axially displaceable spring-loaded pins to a predetermined axial position. The pins have at their ends facing away from each other one block, provided with a through bore, and each bore has an optical fiber that delivers light from the

- an external light source into the respective drilled hole. Only in the precisely determined axial position of the respective metal pins are holes drilled in line with the phototransistors, which only detect the optical fiber light in this pin position and pass it as an electrical signal to the evaluation circuit.

The use of optical fibers in conjunction with a lock cylinder and key system is further known from EP-0 235 703, wherein the optical fibers are integrated into the key, the laser diode light located on the lock transmits to a series of photodiodes in the key handle. powering the memory and control circuitry located in the key handle that remembers the authorization information of the key to control the lock. In this case, the optical fibers are used solely to supply the light energy of the photodiodes to power the memory and control circuit.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to simplify the snap cylinder and key system of the aforementioned type with respect to the preparation of a key with machine readable data and to read data from the key as well as to transmit the scanned data to the control device using space saving and the least sensitive resources.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the machine-readable key data is realized by an optically readable mark pattern and in that the data reading device comprises illumination means for illuminating the mark pattern in the lock cylinder housing and at least one, at least its input end into the lock cylinder housing. an optical fiber for optical imaging of the brand image, wherein the optical fiber is adapted to transmit light of the illumination means coming from the brand image of the key in the cylinder lock housing to the photodetector device that converts the received light signal into an electrical data signal for the electromechanical locking device control device.

The key with optically removable marks can be made in a simple way. Preferably, the marks are formed by indentations on the surface of the part of the key to be inserted into the key-inserting channel, which indentations, together with the intact surface sections lying between them, form said data pattern to be optically read. The depressions exhibit other reflection and / or scattering properties for the light from the lighting means than the areas of the intact area. Depending on whether there is an intact section of the image pattern area or a deeper surface depression in the lock cylinder housing compared to the optical fiber light input end used for data acquisition, the optical fiber transmits more or less light, the differences in light intensity being in the photodetector device, it transforms into an electrical data signal, which, after a possible binary modification, digitally processes the control device, which preferably comprises a microprocessor.

The depressions in the key surface can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner by laser beam burning, tool engraving, chemical etching and the like. Such data preparation can be performed on conventional keys, such as flat keys or key blanks. The data is highly tamper-proof and relatively insensitive to damage during normal use of the key. In addition, a high information density and a correspondingly high number of locking variations can be achieved.

Optical sensing and data transmission via optical fiber are insensitive to electromagnetic disturbance fields and to mechanical vibration as well as temperature changes, so that trouble-free data transmission is possible. Optical fibers in the form of glass fibers or plastic fibers, possibly corresponding to the data acquisition, the fiber bundle requires little space in the lock cylinder, so that the space saved can be used; for further security measures. With respect to the folding of the lock cylinder, the optical fiber is handled more flexibly and smoothly compared to known induction read heads or optoelectronic data reading means, so that the manufacture of the lock cylinder can be made easier and cheaper. In addition, the fiber optic allows data capture in hard-to-reach locations in the lock cylinder.

The control device for decoding the data and for controlling the electromechanical locking device can, for example, be placed in the housing of the lock cylinder, but also outside the lock cylinder in the form of an integrated circuit with a connected photodetector. In addition, existing decoding software solutions can be used using known or standardized data codes to further reduce manufacturing costs.

It should be pointed out that, instead of the recesses mentioned above, through holes can be formed to form an optically readable data pattern. In this case, the data acquisition is carried out on the basis of the translucent principle, wherein the light source is positioned on the part of the key remote from the light input surface of the optical fiber so that the optical fiber transmits light when its light input surface is opposite the through hole. in the key.

Light filters, in particular polarizing filters, may be provided in the through holes. In this case, for example, changing the polarization of polarized light when passing through a filter can be used as additional information, thereby further enhancing the locking of the variation.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the data reading device comprises a plurality of optical fibers for parallel reading of the mark data image, wherein the ends of the light input optical fibers are arranged in a predetermined spatial relationship with each other and directed in at least one predetermined position of the lock cylinder core. keys so that they point to certain markers of the branded key pattern when the key has reached the end position in the lock cylinder.

The plurality of optical fibers may be bonded to a bundle of image transmission fibers to transmit the respective marker image as an image to an image sensor, for example a CCD sensor.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber is adapted to serially scan the brand key pattern while the key is inserted into the key plug channel, wherein the marks in the key insertion direction are formed in succession. In this case, the end of the light-entering optical fiber is directed in the lock cylinder housing so that the markers pass in series along the light-entering surface when the key is inserted.

Possible light sources are one or more light sources arranged in the cylinder housing, for example in the form of one or more laser diodes.

However, it will be advantageous to use an optical fiber or optical fiber bundle to illuminate the data pattern. According to a further development of the present invention, the optical fiber used for illumination is formed separately from the optical fibers for data acquisition and is optically coupled to a light source which can be located in the cylinder housing or even outside the cylinder housing.

In a preferred variant, one and the same optical fiber or the corresponding fiber bundle is used for both illumination and data acquisition and transmission. In this case, optical data acquisition is performed by sensing light reflected from the key data pattern. To this end, the optical fiber at its end to be coupled to the photodetector device is optically coupled to the light source through the beam splitter to direct the light of the light source for illuminating the brand image to the key channel, the beam splitting device guiding light reflected from the brand image. on the key and the light fed back through the optical fiber to the photodetector.

For example, the beam splitter may be prism beam splitters or a partially transparent mirror that connects the light coming from the light source to the optical fiber and transmits the light guided through the optical fiber to the photodetector.

For the placement of the optical fiber or, optionally, a plurality of optical fibers, in the cylinder housing, it is proposed that the cylinder core has a tangentially extending circumferential groove that intersects the key insertion channel so that at least a portion of the optical fiber containing the light entry end is positioned. in the groove so that the end of the light entrance will be directed to the key insertion channel transversely to the key insertion direction into the key insertion channel when the cylinder core is in the key withdrawal position corresponding to the lock lock state and in which the key enters the keying channel the key pattern is located in the region of the key which, when the key is inserted into the key-receiving channel, transversely to the groove and faces the end of the light-entering optical fiber, and wherein the key has a recess, which in the end position of the cl CA feed on inserting the key, the groove is aligned with the cylinder core.

In this way, the optical fiber is protected in a position suitable for reading data while avoiding greater construction costs without impeding the rotation of the lock cylinder core and key.

At. By using a separate optical fiber to illuminate the data pattern, the separated optical fiber can be positioned appropriately, so that the groove section containing the light-emitting surface extends.

Preferably, the lock cylinder has mechanical pin stops to secure the cylinder core against unauthorized rotation from its locking position. In this case, the key is

- 8 provided with key notches to move the pin stops to a position to release the cylinder core for rotation.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the electromechanical lock interlock device is located in the cylinder housing and is adapted to secure the cylinder core against unauthorized rotation from its locking position. The electromechanical locking device integrated into the lock cylinder is designed for the lock cylinder both with and without mechanical dowel stops. In particular for lock cylinders with mechanical dowel stops, the electromechanical locking device may be located outside the lock cylinder in the lock to prevent the locking element, which unlocks the lock when unlocked and is coupled to the lock cylinder, to perform the unlocking movement when the key to control the lock.

The ends of the light-entering optical fibers and / or their light-exit ends may, if necessary, be optically coupled and optionally mechanically coupled to, for example, focusing, light-attaching or light-disconnecting optical elements.

The light used for optical data acquisition may be visible light, ultraviolet light and / or infrared light. Modulated light can be used to eliminate noise effects.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the key pattern comprises colored, in particular multicolored, and / or different grayscale markings, wherein the photodetector device is adapted to differentiate the spectral and / or intensity properties of the optical fibers or optionally multiple optical fibers of transmitted light. and transmitting to the control device electrical signals indicating these different spectral and / or intensive properties, and wherein the control device is adapted to evaluate the electrical signals to check the lock control authority.

The use of colored or multiple grayscale markers makes it possible to substantially increase the number of possible different lock control authorization codes if the corresponding spectral information or grayscale information is used for decoding and evaluation. The marker pattern may be a color barcode pattern that is serially scanned when a key is inserted into a key channel. In this context, it should be pointed out that such color information and / or grayscale information can also be used to indicate bit positions within the bar code pattern, which entails considerable simplification and a reduction in the probability of reading errors on the evaluation side.

The photodetector may for differentiated spectral sensing comprise an element that spectrally decomposes the received light, for example a prism and one or more rows of photodetectors at suitable locations beyond the prism, each photodetector may sense a certain spectral area by prismatic light so that spectral information about the light transmitted from the key to the photodetector device is available.

In this case, the reading of the data from the key can also be performed according to the reflection principle or the transillumination principle, and in the case of reading the data according to the transillumination principle, color filters in the passage openings of the key can serve as marks.

It is also within the scope of the invention when the mark pattern is a flat image pattern of color marks and / or marks of different grayscale that is transmitted to the photodetector device in parallel through a fiber optic light conductor bundle. In particular, in this case, it is proposed to use video-technical means, for example a color video camera or a black and white video camera, for image evaluation. Especially preferred in this connection will be the color-distinguishing CCD sensor.

It is further proposed that the illumination means be adapted to emit light of a particular spectral composition, in particular under the control of the control device, and that the photodetector device be adapted to differentiate the spectral properties of light transmitted by the optical fiber or optionally by multiple optical fibers. The use of light of a predetermined spectral composition mainly serves to make the system safer from tampering. The control device will release the electromechanical interlock device only when the light received by the photodetector device has the spectral composition targeted or altered by the light-affecting marks.

For appropriate reasons, it is further proposed to use illumination means which - optionally controlled by the control device - emits characteristically modulated light, in particular intensity modulated, for example modulated frequency modulated or demodulated, and / or phase modulated light, so that light transmitted by optical fiber or possibly more the optical signal (s) transmitted by the photodetector device has a characteristic modulation content, wherein the control device is adapted to evaluate the characteristic modulation content.

Thus, if someone attempts to manipulate the lock cylinder by introducing foreign light into the optical fibers to simulate information in such a way as to authorize the operation of the lock, this will not succeed because the control device detects that the foreign light does not have a characteristic modulating content. In this case, the control device does not release the electromechanical locking device.

Of particular importance within the scope of the present invention is the key for the lock cylinder system and the key according to the invention, which has an optically readable data mark pattern, in particular a bar code pattern, in its preferred embodiment on its insertable cylinder. the light reflects and / or diffuses differently. The branded image may include

.11 marks which are formed by depressions and / or roughening of the key surface at predetermined locations into the lock cylinder of the retractable part of the key, and in particular, which are formed by laser beam etching, mechanical engraving or chemical etching. Said marks together with interposed intact areas of the key surface form an optically readable data mark pattern. Such key coding can be realized advantageously at low cost, is highly tamper-proof and insensitive to damage in normal use. Conventional keys can be used and provided with a data pattern, while the optically readable coding allows for a high density of information and thus a large number of locking variations.

It is particularly advantageous that any impurities in the indentations in the reading of the key data do not interfere, since they still provide a high reflection contrast to the intact areas of the surface of the brand image lying between them. The intact areas of the brand image surface are constantly cleaned and retain their good reflective properties by constantly wiping them against the bunch of keys, fabrics, lock cylinder guide surfaces and the like. Therefore, there is no cause for particularly careful handling or even cleaning of the data mark pattern on the key.

The invention furthermore relates to an identification device for releasing a locking device, in particular for providing access to a closed section and / or for releasing the device for use and / or handling, upon presentation of valid identification data in an optically readable marking pattern on an authorization document authorized for release. an interlocking device, with an optical data acquisition device into which an optical readiness authorization card for the identification data prepared for this purpose can be introduced, and a control device that receives data captured by the optical data acquisition device, and is adapted to check the validity data and provided the blocking device with a release signal causing the blocking device to be released if the checked data correspond to valid identification data.

An identification device of the aforementioned kind is known, for example, from DE 39 38 995 C1. Licenses conforming to this known identification device include a marker field with light-reflecting marks and light-absorbing marks. An authorization card, in the form of a card, can be brought into a reading position with respect to the optical data acquisition device by insertion into the card slot in the identification device, so that the marker field is located opposite the photodetector device. The photodetector device comprises pairs of light-emitting diodes and phototransistors, which are assigned to certain positions of the marks on the card, the light-emitting diodes serve to illuminate the marks in the respective positions and the phototransistors serve to register from the corresponding reflected light marks. If certain phototransistors receive reflected light, ie they lie against well reflecting marks, and other phototransistors do not receive any light signal sufficient to activate them, ie they lie opposite strongly absorbing marks, the logic circuit containing the phototransistors will connect the relay to release electrically for use. powered apparatus. This known identification device is only adapted to evaluate binary tag states, namely states of strong reflection and weak reflection. This corresponds to the license pattern, which consists only of black and white marks. Since the tag pattern on the license card cannot be very large for spatial reasons, and each tag within the pattern must be at least large enough to be unambiguously assigned to the relevant identification device's phototransistor, the number of possible different tag patterns and thus the number of possible permissible codes. for practical reasons limited to a relatively small value. In addition, the relatively simple branded license pattern known from DE 39 38 995 C1 is relatively easy to imitate, so that no high degree of counterfeiting is achieved.

The identification device of the present invention aims to substantially increase the number of possible different authorization codes compared to the prior art and to increase the security against counterfeiting.

This object is achieved according to claim 25 in that the identification device is adapted to identify color information and / or staggered color contrast information and / or different contrast gradations of the generated license identification cards to send a release signal to the locking device depending on this. whether the color information and / or contrast information correspond to valid color information or contrast information, the optical data acquisition device comprising for this purpose a photodetection device adapted to differentiate the spectral and / or graduated intensity characteristics from the respective marks of the incoming light of at least one of the markers during the optical sensing of the illuminating light source which, for checking color information and / or contrast information, is transmitted to the control device the electrical signals corresponding to the sensed spectral and / or intensity properties.

If a variant with spectral evaluation is chosen, the identification device according to the invention makes it possible to check the cards with color marks, in particular with different color marks. The secret of the code can thus be the arrangement of the respective marks The number of possible different authorization codes can be substantially increased compared to prior art binary systems without increasing the space for the marks on the license card. In addition, the color code codes imitate incomparably encircled in the spatial and in addition the colors of the symbols.

heavier than the black and white codes known in the art.

These advantages are also retained when an alternative with differentiated contrast or grayscale sensing is chosen. Thus, the labels are not limited to the known black / white or well-known states

14 reflecting / strongly absorbing, but may have gray levels lying between these extremes which are distinguishable by the identification device of the present invention. The number of grayscale depends on the desired resolution. Thus, this number can be only 3 for simple systems and 256 for more demanding systems.

The identification device according to the invention serves to release the locking device, the term locking device being understood in the broadest sense. In this sense, the locking device may be, for example, a mechanically locking lock in order to control access through the lock to a closed area, for example to an entrance area, drawers and the like, by means of this identification device. For example, the blocking device according to the invention may also be an electronic circuit adapted to prevent unauthorized use of the device or to prevent unauthorized access to electronically stored data.

The subject of the present invention is furthermore according to claim 26 an authorization document for an identification device according to the invention, as well as according to claim 27 an identification system comprising an identification device and an authorization document. Preferred embodiments of the identification system or the identification device and of the license are set out in claims 28 to 37.

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of examples of preferred embodiments with reference to the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 illustrates a key according to the invention for a snap cylinder system and a key according to the invention.

Fig. 2a shows, as a first embodiment of a lock cylinder and key system according to the present invention, a partial profile of a double profile lock cylinder with the key inserted in a side longitudinal view, the lock cylinder being secured by an electromechanical locking device.

Fig. 2b shows a cross-section of the lock cylinder according to Fig. 2a in the plane indicated by 11-11 in Fig. 2a.

Fig. 3a shows Fig. 2a a corresponding view of the lock cylinder, which is shown in Fig. 3a in a relaxed condition for operation;

Fig. 3b shows a cross-section of the lock cylinder according to Fig. 3a in the plane designated III-III in Fig. 3a.

[0035] FIG. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the lock cylinder of Figs. 2a or 3a in the plane designated IV-IV in Fig. 3a, but in Fig. 4 the lock cylinder core is pivoted out of its key withdrawal position.

Fig. 5 shows schematically a control device for the electromechanical locking device shown in Figs. 2a, 3a and 7a.

Figure 6 illustrates schematically how an individual optical fiber can be used for both illumination and retransmission of optical data information.

Fig. 7a shows, as a further embodiment of the lock cylinder and key system according to the present invention, a partial profile double cylinder lock cylinder with the key inserted, in partial longitudinal section, wherein the control device for controlling the electromechanical locking device is integrated into the lock cylinder.

7b is a cross-sectional view of the lock cylinder of FIG. 7a in the plane designated VII-VII in FIG. 7a.

Fig. 8 schematically illustrates an identification system according to the present invention as an access control system with an access authorization card carrying a color data pattern.

Fig. 8a shows details of the photodetection device of the access control system of Fig. 8.

Fig. 9 shows an authorization card for the identification system of the present invention shown in FIG.

Fig. 9a shows an enlarged area of the symbol image of FIG. 9.

Fig. 10 shows another identification system according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 shows a key 2 according to the invention for a first embodiment of a lock cylinder system and a key according to the invention. In the example shown, the key 2 is designed as a flat key and has a holding part or handle 4 and a post 6 which can be inserted into the key channel of the lock cylinder. Key notches 8 for operating the mechanical stops are formed in a conventional manner on the key post 6. As a special feature, the key 2 has machine-readable data 10 which is readable by optical elements and proves the key 2 to be authorized to operate the respective lock cylinder (cf. Figures 2a to 4). In the example shown in Fig. 1, the machine-readable data is in the form of a bar code. The bar code pattern 12 is located on the longer portion 14 close to FIG. 1 of the upper shorter portion 16 of the key post 6 and is formed into the key surface 14 by embedded along the key insertion direction 18 by successive marks 20 and intact surface areas 22 lying therebetween. 6. The markers 20 of the key 2 are fired by a laser beam into the key and have the property that substantially perpendicular to the key surface 14 the incident light beam reflects weaker and / or diffuses it in other directions than the intact surface portions 22 between the marks 20, by optically scanning the bar code pattern 12, the control authorization information contained therein can be sensed.

Making labels using a laser key is just one convenient coding option. Alternatively, the marks 20 may be formed by mechanical etching and / or chemical etching.

Alternatively, a printed strip can be inserted into the recess at the appropriate location of the key post 6.

Fig. 2a shows a combination of a lock cylinder and a key 17, for clarity, it is assumed that key 2 'mechanically fits, but carries no or no valid machine-readable information about the lock control authorization. The lock cylinder 24 in the example shown is a double profile lock cylinder for a mortise lock not shown below. The lock cylinder 24 has a cylindrical shell 26 which consists of two ring-cylindrical parts 28. 29 and one flat beam 3.0 which connects the ring-cylindrical parts 28., 29. Circular - cylindrical parts 28. 29 enclose a locking tooth recess 32 in which the locking tooth or nose 34 is located. In the ring-cylindrical parts 28, 29 of the housing there is one rotatably movably mounted one with the locking nose 34 connected to the cylinder 36, 38 of the lock cylinder via a drive.

2a and 2b to the left of the locking nose 34 shown in the longitudinal central section have, in FIGS. 2a and 2b in its key withdrawal position shown, the cylinder core 36 against the unintentional rotation of the mechanical pin stopper 42, each it consists of at least one core pin 44 of the housing pin 46 and a stop spring 48. As long as the lock cylinder core is in the locking position and the key withdrawing position shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the bearing bore 50 is. wherein the core pin 44 is axially displaceable, directed coaxially to the bearing bore 52. in which the housing pin 46 is guided axially displaceably and is biased by a stop spring 48 toward the axis 54 of the cylinder core. As long as no mechanically fitting key is inserted into the cylinder core running through the cylinder axis 54 of the cylinder key 36, the pins 44, 46 are biased by stop springs in the locking position securing the cylinder core 36, the boundary surfaces 58 between the pins 44 The stops 42 do not align with the peripheral surface 60 of the cylinder core 36 so that the cylinder core 36 cannot be rotated.

The key 2 'shown in FIG. 2a is a key mechanically suited to the lock cylinder 24 because by its key cuts 8' it can move the pin stops 42 to the unlocking position in which the boundary surfaces 58 between the stop pins 44, 46 align with the peripheral surface. 60 of the cylinder core as shown in FIG. 2a. In this state, the cylinder core 36 is no longer locked by mechanical pin stops 42.

However, the cylinder core 36 cannot be rotated with the key 2 'from its locking position and the key withdrawal since it is still locked by the electromechanical locking device 62. In the illustrated example, the electromechanical locking device 62 comprises a locking pin 64 which is axially displaceable in the guide hole 66. extending transversely to the cylinder core axis 54 and biased by the compression spring 68 towards the cylinder core axis 54, the compression spring 68 abutting the respective recesses 70, 72 of the locking pin 64 or guide hole 66. The proximal, substantially hemispherically formed end end 74 engages the locking pin 64 in the illustrated position of the cylinder core 36 in the locked state and in the withdrawal key into the conical bore 76 formed on the periphery 60 of the cylinder core. In the locked state of the electromechanical locking device 62 shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the locking pin 64 is blocked in the axial position shown by the electromagnet 78, and by engaging the locking pin 74 in the conical bore 76, the cylinder core 36 is secured against unauthorized rotation about its axis 54.

The electromagnet 78 comprises an elongated electromagnetic coil 80 disposed in the sheath support, the axis of which extends transversely to the axis of the locking pin 64. The electromagnet 78 has an axially displaceable ferromagnetic coil core 82 axially displaceable as an anchor which is biased by a compression spring 84 into the locking position shown. 2a, in which, with its locking end 86 nearer to the locking pin, it retains the distal end end 88 of the locking pin 64 from the cylinder core to lock the locking pin 64 in this locking position. 2a and 2b to move the armature 82 from the locking position shown in Fig. 2a to the release position shown in Fig. 3a in which the armature end 86 is pulled away from the end 88 locking pin. For this purpose, the control device supplies the coil 80 with current, so that the armature 82 is pulled by the coil 80 against the action of the pressure spring 84 and thereby penetrates further into the coil 80. The locking pin 64 can now bend away from the cylinder core into the space 90 released by the armature. 82 when it is pushed out of the recessed hole 76. Due to the inclined surfaces provided by the conical bore 76, this push-out of the locking pin 64 is effected by the mere rotation of the cylinder core 36 by means of a wrench 2. Therefore, the locking pin 64 is no longer in the position locking the cylinder core 36 and lock cylinder 24 can be operated.

Fig. 4 shows the lock cylinder 24 in a cross-sectional plane corresponding to Fig. 2b or indicated in Fig. 3a as IV-IV, but the cylinder core 36 is shown pivoted out of its locking position and for withdrawing the key. The locking pin 64 has left the conical bore 76 and rests at its end 74 on the circumference 60 of the cylinder core 36 under the action of a compression spring 68. The locking pin 64 can automatically engage the recessed bore 76 under the action of the compression spring 68 when the cylinder core 36 is rotated back to the key withdrawal position.

In the illustration of Figures 3a and 4, it is assumed that key 2 is the key shown in Figure 1. The key 2 is a mechanically-fitting key and additionally carries valid authorization information for operating the lock in the form of machine-readable data 10, which in FIG. 3a lie on the side of the key 2 facing away from the viewer. An optical data reading device 92 is provided to read the data 10. The data reading device 92 comprises at least one optical fiber 94 or optionally a fiber bundle to illuminate the marks 20, 22 of the key 2 in the key insertion channel 56. As shown in Fig. 3b, the optical fiber 94 is through the ring-cylindrical portion 28 of the cylinder lock housing 26 passing through the opening 96 introduced by its light exit end 98 into the cylinder lock housing 26 so far that the exit end 98 is in the cylinder core 36 position. it extends directly to the key insertion channel 56. For this purpose, the cylinder core 36 preferably has an extending proximity to the front opening 100 of the key-inserting channel 56 along its circumference 60 and a key-inserting channel 56 intersecting a groove 101 which allows the optical fiber to be fed to the key-inserting channel 56 and ensures that the cylinder the core 36 can be rotated without disturbing the optical fiber 94 and without damaging or expanding the optical fiber 94. The key 2 also has at least one recess 103 which, when the key 2 is inserted into the key insertion channel 56 until its end position is aligned with the tangential groove 101 of the core 36 and allows the key 2 to be rotated without interfering with the optical fiber 94.

At its outboard cylinder 24, the front end 106 (FIG. 5), the optical fiber 94 is optically coupled to the light source 108 of the control device 110. The light connection to the light input optical fiber end 106 may be effected by suitable optional optical elements if desired. such as prisms and / or lenses.

The second optical fiber 114 or fiber bundle, respectively, serves to scan, according to the indicated dimensions of the marks 20, 22, from the key 2 in the channel 56 for inserting the reflected light key of the illuminating optical fiber 94. The optical fiber 114 also passes through the aperture 96 26 of the lock cylinder, the front end 116 for entering the light in the axial direction of the cylindrical core 36 is disposed close to the exit end 98 of the illuminating optical fiber 94 so that it can pick up reflected light of the illuminating fiber 94 in the housing 26 lock cylinder. Optical fiber ends 98, 116. 114 on the lock cylinder side are positioned with respect to the key pattern 12 of the key 2 in such a way that the complete key pattern 12 is serially guided along the optical fibers 98 when the key 2 is brought into its end position.

116. to perform serial optical scanning of the bar code 12 on the key 2.

If necessary, the optical fiber front ends 98, 116 may be provided with optical coupling means, for example micro-lenses and / or prisms. Preferably, however, the connection and disconnection of the light takes place without such connecting elements.

The front output end 118 of the optical fiber 114, which lies outside the lock cylinder housing 26, is optically coupled to the photodetector 120 of the actuator 110 as schematically shown in FIG. The photodetector 120, for example in the form of a phototransistor, converts the transmitted light information into electrical signals for the control device 110, which processes the information to control the lock control information encoded in the key data 10 of the key 2 digitally. If the control device 110 determines, based on the transmitted information, the authorization of the key 2 to operate the lock, it supplies the coil current signal through the lines 122 to the solenoid coil 80, then the coil armature 82 is tightened by the coil 80 to release the locking pin 64 to unlock the lock cylinder core 36.

Thus, if, according to FIG. 3a, a key 2 fits into the key insertion channel 56 in the key cylinder core 36 set to the key-pulling position, both in terms of mechanical key notches 8 and machine-readable data 10. the mechanical pin stops 42 are axially moved from their locking position to the release positions shown in Figures 2a and 3a. In addition, during the insertion of the key 2 into the key insertion channel 56, the key bar code pattern 12 is guided along the exit end 98 of the illuminating optical fiber 94 and along the inlet end 116 of the second optical fiber 114. more or less light into the optical fiber 114. such that the optical fiber 114 transmits to the photodetector 120 (FIG. 5) a serial optical data stream. The control device 110 checks the converted data stream according to predetermined criteria by the photodetector 120 for an electrical signal in order to determine the authorization of the key 2 to control the lock. The evaluation of the data of one or the other, in particular of the self-latching code, is carried out in a manner known to the person skilled in the art and therefore does not need to be described in detail.

If the control device 110 detects that: the transferred data does not correspond to valid lock control authorization information, the solenoid 78 does not cause the lock pin 64 to be released. The lock cylinder then remains in the locked condition shown in Figures 2a and 2b in which the electromechanical lock device 62 secures the lock cylinder core 36 against unauthorized rotation. However, if the control device 110 recognizes data that has been transmitted to it by the optical fiber 114 as valid data for the lock control authorization, it actuates the electromechanical locking device 62 by transmitting the coil current signal to the coil 80 to move the coil armature 82. to the position shown in Fig. 3a where the lock cylinder is released for rotation and the lock can be operated.

If desired, the control device 110 may also operate independently of the optical data for the lock control authorization, for example, depending on the time of day, to guarantee a general lock control authorization also for keys 2 'which fit only mechanically. At certain times of the day, releasing the lock control could only be guaranteed for keys that fit both mechanically and with respect to machine-readable data 10.

The machine-readable data 10 may contain, in addition to the lock control authorization code, information, such as a key holder, which the control device 110 can evaluate.

Although the previously described example of the lock cylinder and key system of the present invention comprises two optical fibers 94, 114 or corresponding bundles, one of the optical fibers may be omitted according to the present invention if the other optical fiber takes over both illumination and retransmission of optical data this is schematically indicated in FIG. 6 shows the end 118 of the optical fiber 114 drawn out of the cylinder housing 26. The optical fiber 94 is not present in this embodiment variant. The semi-transparent mirror 123 feeds from it an upwardly reflected light beam 125 of the light source 108 onto the optical fiber 114, which directs the light into the cylinder housing 26 to illuminate the marks 20, 22 of the key 2 to be retracted. Depending on whether the end 116 of the optical fiber 114 disposed in the lock cylinder housing 26 lies opposite the weaker back reflecting mark 20. or against a better reflecting section 22 of the key surface 2 when the key 2 is inserted into the key insertion channel 56, more or less light is reflected back into the optical fiber 114, which finally comes out at the end 118 of the optical fiber 114 and partially passes through the semipermeable mirror 123. the light transmitted by the mirror 123 hits the photodetector 120, which converts it into an electrical data signal for the control device 110.

In the present description of the exemplary embodiments, it has been assumed that the key pattern 12 reflects or diffuses well in different directions on the key.

The machine-readable data can correspondingly be realized by alternatively through-holes at corresponding locations of the marks. In such a variant of the invention, the data acquisition can be performed in a translucent manner, wherein the optical fiber, such as shown at 94 * in Fig. 3b, serves for illumination, and the second optical fiber 114 serves to remove light from the optical fiber 94 'transmitted through the apertures. key.

The inlet end 116 of the optical fiber 114 lies opposite the outlet end 98 'of the optical fiber 94', wherein in the position of the cylinder core 36 for the key withdrawal, the key insertion channel 56 extends between the two ends 98 ', 116 of the optical fibers 94', 114.

However, it is preferable to sense reflected light or scattered light over the simple and versatile showability of the markings on the key 2 described with respect to FIG. In this respect, it should be noted that the surface area regions 22 of the key post 6 lying between the marks 20 (see FIG. 1) will automatically be kept clean by daily use by wiping the key bunch, fabric or guide cylinder guide surfaces and therefore they will still provide a sufficiently good metallic light reflection in contrast to the marks 20. The marks 20 may be formed by depressions or roughening as described above. Possible collected contaminants in such depressions or corresponding roughings do not interfere with the functional capability of the system, as such contaminants will always be more difficult to reflect than the more outwardly extended, still clean surface area 22 between the marks 20.

It should be pointed out that the optical fiber optic reading of the key information of the present invention enables reliable reading and trouble-free transmission of data to the lock control entitlements to the maximum unaffected external electromagnetic fields. In particular, a conventional flat key can be used as key 2, which has to be slightly modified in order to enter machine-readable data. As mentioned, this can be done, for example, by laser beam firing, etching, etching, etc. Such key coding can be realized in a relatively inexpensive manner by relatively simple means. In addition, a large number of variations can be utilized to produce key unique products.

In addition, the optical fibers require extremely little space in the lock cylinder, and the electronic components for reading the key data can be completely omitted from the lock cylinder.

In the key 2 shown in FIG. 1, the machine-readable data is located on the longer portion 14 of the key post 6. Of course, the corresponding marker pattern may be placed alternatively or additionally at another location on the key 2, e.g. 16, wherein the arrangement of the ends of the optical fibers in the lock cylinder would have to be modified accordingly in order for the data to be optically read. In the case of the branded pattern located on the shorter part 16 of the key 2, the optical fibers or optical fiber 94 could be. or 114, introduced into the annular cylindrical housing portion 28 from above in the manner indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 3a. In such a variant, the groove 101 in the cylinder core 36 could be omitted.

In the described exemplary embodiment of the invention, the electromechanical locking device is embedded in the housing of the lock cylinder.

It should be pointed out that the electromechanical locking device may be located outside the lock cylinder housing on the lock and there may cooperate with a locking element which unlocks the lock by executing an unlocking movement caused by the rotation of the cylinder core of the lock cylinder. to prevent the locking element from unlocking movement, or to release the locking element to unlock if the optically sensed key data has been recognized by the control device as valid data for the control of the lock.

In contrast to the exemplary embodiment described and illustrated in the figures, the lock cylinder according to the invention can be formed without mechanical stops 42, whereby only the electromechanical locking device 62 takes over the lock cylinder lock function. In the latter case, the key 2 can be formed without the control slots 8.

A corresponding exemplary embodiment is illustrated in Figures 7a and 7b.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 7a and 7b, parts that functionally correspond to parts or elements of the already described exemplary embodiment are indicated by the same reference numerals plus 100. In the following, only the differences between the exemplary embodiment of Figures 7a and 7b and the already described exemplary embodiment are described. In the rest, reference will be made to the description of the first exemplary embodiment.

In the lock cylinder and key system of FIGS. 7a and 7b, the circuit (schematically shown) constituting the actuating device 210 is located in the beam portion 130 of the lock cylinder housing 126. The optical fibers 194 and 214 are guided, starting from the actuating device 210, through the groove 201 of the cylindrical core 136 to the upper region of the ring-cylindrical cylindrical portion 128, the optical fiber ends 198, 216 on the front being directed as described to enable the marking pattern on the key 102 when the key 102 is inserted into the channel 156 in series. The opposite ends of the optical fibers 194 and 214 are connected as described above to a light source (not shown) or a photodetector in the actuator 210. The actuator circuit 210 in the cylinder housing is coupled via lines 222 to the electromagnet 178 to control the electromagnet 178 as described.

The control device 210 and the electromagnet 178 are supplied with power from an external power source via power lines (not shown).

Although an exemplary embodiment with an integrated control device and optical fibers extending exclusively within the cylinder housing is shown without mechanical pin stops according to Figures 7a and 7b, mechanical pin stops could be placed in a corresponding variant, in which case the key would have control notches. for stop pins.

In the exemplary embodiments described, the serial reading of the data from key 2 or 102 was used.

It is also within the scope of the invention to read in parallel the marker pattern with multiple optical fibers directed to a single control device. The plurality of optical fibers may be coupled to an image transmitting beam, for example, to transmit a tag image placed in the form of a key image, by way of transmitting the image to the photodetector of the respective control device. Such an image-receiving photodetector may be formed, for example, as a CCD sensor, the control device being adapted to process the pixels supplied by the CCD sensor and accordingly check the authorization of the key to control the lock.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the branded key pattern comprises colored, in particular multicolored and / or different grayscale marks. In such a variation, it is proposed that the photodetector device be adapted to differentiate the sensing of spectral and / or intensity properties of light transmitted by the optical fiber or optionally multiple optical fibers, for example a fiber bundle, and to be transmitted to the electric signal control device indicating different spectral characteristics. and / or intensity characteristics, the control device being adapted to evaluate these electrical signals to check the lock control authorization.

The mark pattern of this kind may be a bar code pattern which, as described, can be scanned serially. On the other hand, a pattern of this kind may be a planar image pattern, the image of which is transmitted through a fiber bundle to the photodetector. In this case, a color-detecting pixel CCD is particularly suitable as a photodetection device.

It is further proposed that the illumination means controlled by the control device emit light of a certain spectral composition and that the photodetector device be adapted to differentiate the spectral properties of the optical fiber or, optionally, a plurality of optical fibers of the transmitted light. In this way, the light used for the illumination already has a specific characteristic. This specific characteristic will be checked on the evaluation side. If the light received by the photodetector does not have the expected spectral composition, the control device will not release the electromechanical locking device. Attempts to manipulate, for example in the form of supplying foreign light to the optical fibers, to pretend the code to control the lock will remain unsuccessful because the foreign light will not have the expected spectral composition. For appropriate safety reasons, it is proposed that the illumination means be adapted to emit characteristically modulated light, in particular intensity modulated light, for example a certain modulation frequency of (de) modulated light and / or phase modulated light, so that optical fiber or fiber bundles from key to photodetection the light transmitting device and the signal transmitted by the photodetector device, when the signals fall, will have a characteristic modulation content, the control device being adapted to evaluate signals having this characteristic modulation content. Even in this case, the attempt to manipulate the system according to the invention with foreign light will be unsuccessful since the foreign light will not have the characteristic modulating features.

Finally, it should be pointed out that the electromechanical locking device 62 or 162, in the described embodiments, represents only one possible variant of the electromechanical locking device. In the context of the invention, it is merely that the electromechanical locking device is operable by means of a control device in order to prevent the locking element from being locked in the unlocking movement in the locking mechanism of the lock.

In FIGS. 2a, 3a and 7a to the right of the key tooth recess 32 and 132 respectively, the portion of the lock cylinder may be configured to be functionally identical to the described left portion of the lock cylinder. Optionally, the electromechanical locking device can be omitted from the portion of the lock cylinder shown on the right side of the figures.

Fig. 8 schematically illustrates an identification system in the form of an access control system for providing access to a closed section when presenting the identification data.

The closed section is the space closed by the automatically closing or opening door 300 behind the wall 310 shown in FIG. The door 300, shown as an automatic sliding door, is automatically opened by the drive means not shown (see arrows 320) when valid identification data for the control device (not shown) associated with the device 330 is provided via a stationary door 300 located at the door 300. data acquisition and controlling door drive. The identification data in the form of an optically readable mark pattern 332 is printed on the access authorization card 336, wherein the mark pattern 332 is a color bar code pattern in the example shown. A user wishing to enter the closed section29 may introduce into the data slot 338 of the data acquisition device 330 an access authorization card 336, in the form of a credit card-like plastic card, for which the card withdrawal mechanism 330 the card is pulled into the data acquisition device 330, such that the marks 334 of the card 336 are routed in series alongside the photodetector device 340, which includes illumination means for illuminating the marks 334 in the data acquisition device 330.

As illustrated in Fig. 8a, the photodetector device 340 comprises an optical fiber 342 whose input end 344 is positioned in the data acquisition device 330 so as to point to a location along which the color marks 334 of the card 336 are conveyed. Reflected light from the illuminating means to the prism 346 from the marks 334, which spreads the light spectrally so that the spread spectrum can be sensed along line 348. Along line 348 is a series of multiple photodetectors 350, each connected via signal lines 352 to a corresponding analog-to-digital converter. (not shown), wherein the analog-to-digital converters are connected to a control device.

For example, if only the red light reflecting the mark 334 is located opposite the input surface 344 of the optical fiber 342, essentially only the photodetector 350 (R) is activated, since only light (R) from the red region of the spectrum that is associated photodetector 350 (R). The luminous intensity corresponding to the analog output signal of the photodetector 350 (R) converts the associated analog-to-digital converter into a digital data quantity, so that a digital data signal is available for the control device. The control device continually inquires from the analog-to-digital converter to detect in this way the color of the light reflected from the corresponding mark 334.

In this way, the control device receives information about the colors of the marks and, moreover, can usually evaluate the information contained in the spatial arrangement of the barcode marks in order to check the access authorization or the identity of the license. In this way, the number of possible permissible access authorization codes can be substantially increased. The licenses in question are highly secure against counterfeiting, since color marks with corresponding spectral characteristics cannot be easily imitated.

In the foregoing exemplified embodiment, it was assumed that the illumination of the brand image in the data reading device was performed by spectral broadband light, for example artificial white light. It should also be noted that in Fig. 8a the reference numbers G and B indicate a possible green or blue light beam. The colors of the marks need not necessarily be spectrally pure, but mixed colors are also possible, with the result that several photodetectors must be activated simultaneously in a series of photodetectors.

Further, the color information of certain markers can be used to mark bit positions within the barcode pattern, which on the evaluation side significantly simplifies and reduces the probability of reading errors in the serial image of the mark pattern.

8, the symbols represent different gray values, for example 256 grayscale values are possible. In this case, spectral decomposition of light can be omitted, and for continuous shooting, a single photodetector is connected to the control device via an analog-to-digital converter.

Fig. 9 shows schematically an authorization card for another, schematically illustrated, example of an embodiment of an identification device according to the present invention.

The license 502 includes a marker pattern 504 in the form of a two-dimensional array of, for example, 512 columns 506 and 512 rows 508. In the enlarged area of the cutout of the marker field 504, various symbols in the marker array elements indicate that the respective marker array elements are to have different contrasts , or gray values. Different gray values. as a result, the respective elements of the branding field 31 know or differently reflect or absorb light, so that by measuring the intensity of the respective field elements of the reflected light from the light source, information about the degree of blackening or gray value is obtained, which is used differentially for decoding.

The card of Fig. 9 has a credit card format and may include, for example, a visibly readable card number (at 510). photo of the holder of the license (u 511) and other identi- f. marker characters, in addition to the marker field 504.

The identification device of FIG. 10 comprises a slot

The card insertion slot 512 in which the license card 502 shown in FIG. 9 can be inserted, so that the tag field 504 of the license card 502 reaches a reading position with respect to the data acquisition device 514 located in the housing

513.

The data acquisition device 514 is a CCD video field or a video camera that scans the marker image 504 from the card 502 and transmits the respective image point information to the evaluation and control computer 516, which stores the pixel data in the image memory.

Some predetermined elements of the tag array 504 serve as a position reference and form a predetermined position reference pattern. In order to include a certain tolerance of the alignment of the marker image with respect to the CCD sensor when sensing the marker image, the evaluating and control computer is preferably programmed to search for the stored picture of the position reference pattern in the picture memory. could unambiguously assign the geometric positions of all elements of the marker pattern marker array to the corresponding memory addresses of its image memory. It can then check the contents of the memory cells that are uniquely assigned to certain field elements of the tag pattern 504 of the license 502. The check is performed by comparing the intensity values stored in these particular memory cells with the comparative values that the evaluation and control computer 516 holds as reference data. If this comparison reveals agreement between the intensity values of the respective field elements and the reference values, the evaluation and control computer 516 will recognize the license 502 as valid. Only in this case, the evaluation and control computer 516 transmits the release signal, which in the example of FIG. 10 is applied to the data processing device 518. The data processing device 518 only releases access to certain stored data when it receives a release signal from the evaluation and control computer 516. In this way, the data processing device 518 and its data release software act as a blocking device that allows the respective use upon release identification device.

Certain elements of the tag field 504 are formed as reference elements for a gray value, these reference elements for a gray value having different gray values from each other. The evaluation and control computer 516 can calibrate its scaling or graying resolution and, if appropriate, adjust its memorized scoring comparison values by using the corresponding image data of these gray field reference elements. An array reference element may be present for each possible gray value. On the other hand, it may be sufficient if there is a reduced number of field reference elements for gray values that represent, for a possible range of gray values, representative distributed support points between which the evaluation and control computer 516 can interpolate to calibrate its gray scale comparison values.

The embodiment of FIG. 10 is characterized by a high degree of flexibility with respect to decoding. For example, the number of array pattern elements 504 used to validate can be changed specifically by the user by reprogramming the evaluation and control computer 516. In addition, it is possible to select, according to the user, which elements of the field 504 are used for inspection.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 10, as noted above, the image of the contrast pattern of the brand image 504 is captured by the CCD camera for evaluation in the evaluation and control computer 516. It has hitherto been assumed that the contrast differences are based on different reflectance of the respective elements branded field for broadband light.

According to one variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the license card image 504 comprises the differently colored field elements of the label field. The corresponding CCD camera 514 is in this case a color-distinguished CCD video camera which scans not only the intensity or saturation values, but also spectral information of the branded pole elements, so that the color information of the relevant field elements can also be used .

In the above-described exemplary embodiments of the identification systems of the present invention, data acquisition is performed according to the reflection principle, wherein the mark pattern is illuminated and the reflected light is evaluated.

However, deviations are also within the scope of the invention which operate according to the illuminating principle. In this case, the light source and the photodetector device for detecting data are located on opposite sides of the license and the mark pattern is more or less translucent and possibly differently colored at the points of the marks. Such a mark pattern can be realized, for example, using light-effect filters, for example color filters, gray filters and the like. In this case, the photodetector detects the illuminated image of the brand image from the rear. Intensity and / or spectral information shall be used as appropriate for evaluation.

The light used for optical data acquisition may be visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, or light of a certain coded spectral composition, both in a reflective and in a translucent principle, in order to make the system even safer from tampering. For this purpose, the control device 34 may be designed such that it causes the blocking device to be released only if the light received by the photodetector has a corresponding spectral composition targeted or influenced by the marks.

For appropriate reasons, it is further proposed to use illumination means which - optionally controlled by the control device - emits characteristically modulated light, in particular intensity modulated, for example a modulation frequency (de) modulated or phase modulated light, so that the light sensed by the photodetector has a characteristic modulation content. the control device is adapted to evaluate signals having a characteristic modulation content. Possibilities of manipulation with foreign light which do not exhibit characteristic modulating content are therefore excluded.

It should be pointed out that, in relation to the identification device, the license mentioned above does not necessarily have the form of a card. The term license also includes, for example, the keys with the corresponding colored markings or marks with different gray values.

Claims (37)

PATENT CLAIMS A lock cylinder and lock key system secured by an electromechanical locking device (62, 162) controlled by a control device (110, 210) against unauthorized unlocking, the lock cylinder (24, 124) comprising a cylinder housing (26, 126) and therein a cylindrical core (36, 136) with a key-receiving channel (56, 156) by means of a key (2, 102) pivotable about its lock control axis (54, 154), further comprising a key (2, 102) for of its portion (6, 106) which can be inserted into the key-inserting channel (56, 156), machine-readable data (10) which proves it to be capable of operating the lock, and wherein the lock cylinder (24, 124) comprises at least partially in the cylinder housing (26, 126) a device (94, 114; 194, 214) for reading data from the key (2, 102), which is connectable to the control device (110, 210) of the electromechanical locking device (62, 162) ), and for transmitting the scanned data to the control device (110, 210), the control device (110, 210) being adapted to be from the device (94, 114; 194, 214) has checked the received data for legitimacy of the control of the lock and, upon finding the control of the lock, puts the electromechanical locking device (62, 162) into a state that releases the control lock, characterized in that the machine-readable data (10) the keys (2, 102) are realized by an optically readable mark pattern (12) and the data reading device (94, 114; 194, 214) comprises illumination means (94, 194) for illuminating the mark pattern (12) in the housing (26, 126) a lock cylinder and at least one optical fiber (114, 214) for optical imaging of the mark pattern (12), at least one light-entering end (116, 216) of the lock cylinder, wherein the optical fiber (114, 214) is adapted to transmitting the light of the lighting means (94, 194) coming from the key pattern (12) of the key (2, 102) in the cylinder lock housing (26, 126) to the photodet a receiving device (120) that converts the received light signal into at least one electrical data signal for the control device (110, 210) of the electromechanical locking device (62, 162). Lock cylinder and key system according to claim 1, characterized in that the key pattern (12) of the key (2, 102) is formed by marks (20, 22) that reflect and / or diffuse light differently which are supplied by the illumination means. (94,194). Lock cylinder and key system according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking pattern is realized transversely to the key insertion direction through the through-holes in the key and that the optical fiber is adapted to sense the light passing through the holes in the housing through lock cylinder. Lock cylinder and key system according to claim 3, characterized in that light-affecting filters, in particular polarizing filters, are arranged in the through holes. A lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data reading device comprises a plurality of optical fibers for parallel optical reading of the key pattern of the key. Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the marks (20, 22) are arranged on the key in the direction of insertion of the key (2, 102) in succession and that the optical fiber (114, 214) is adapted to serially scan the mark pattern (12) while inserting the key (2, 102) into the key insertion channel (56, 156). -. 37 Lock cylinder and key system according to claim 6, characterized in that the cylinder core (36, 136) has a groove (101, 201) running tangentially over its circumference (60, 160), which intersects the channel (56, 156) onto the insertion of a key that in the groove (101, 201) there is at least one section of the optical fiber (114, 214) comprising a light inlet end (116, 216) positioned such that the inlet end (116, 216) faces transverse to the direction inserting the key-insertion key of the key into the key-insertion channel (56, 156) when the cylinder core (36, 136) is in the key-withdrawal position (FIG. 3b, FIG. 7b) in which the key (2, 102) retractable into the key insertion channel (56, 156), or retractable from the key insertion channel (56, 156), wherein the mark pattern (12) is located in the key region (2, 102) which, when the key is inserted (2, 102) ) into the key insertion channel (56, 156) transversely extending through the groove (101, 201) while facing the inlet end (116, 216) of the optical fiber (114, 214), and wherein the key (2, 102) has a recess (103, 203) which in the end position of the key (2, 102) in the channel (56, 156) for inserting the key is flush with the groove (101, 201) of the cylinder core (36, 136). A lock cylinder and key system according to claim 2 or any one of claims 5 to 7, last when referring to claim 2, characterized in that the optical fiber (114, 214) is at its end opposite to the end (116). (216) for light input, connected through a beam splitting device (123) to the light source (108) to direct light from the light source (108) to illuminate the key pattern (12) of the key (2, 102) to the channel (56, 156) for the insertion of a key, wherein the beam splitting device (123) is adapted to reflect from the mark pattern (12) and return the light guided by the optical fiber (114, 214) to the photodetector device (120). age The system of the lock cylinder and key according to 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises as an illumination means a bridge (94, 194) with a light source (108). at least one connectable optical Lock cylinder and key system according to claim 7 and 9, characterized in that at least one separate optical fiber section (94, 194) comprising a light exit end (98, 198) is disposed in the core groove (101, 201) (36, 136) of the cylinder such that the exit end of the optical fiber (94, 194) faces transverse to the key insertion direction into the key insertion channel (56, 156) when the cylinder core (36, 136) is in its key withdrawal position (Fig. 3b, Fig. 7b). Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the key pattern of the key (2,102) is: a bar code pattern. Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lock cylinder comprises mechanical pin stops (42) for securing the cylinder core (36) against unauthorized rotation from its locking position and that the key (2) has key notches. (8) for moving the mechanical pin stops (42) to positions that release the cylinder core (36) for rotation. Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electromechanical locking device (62, 162) is arranged in the cylinder housing (24, 124) and is adapted to secure the cylinder core (36, 136) against unauthorized rotation from its locking position. Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the key pattern of the key comprises colored, in particular multicolored and / or different grayscale marks, that the photodetector device is adapted to differentiate the spectral properties and / or or the intensity of the light transmitted by the optical fiber or, where appropriate, the plurality of optical fibers, and for transmitting electrical signals to the control device indicating the various spectral properties and / or intensity properties, and that the control device is adapted to evaluate these electrical signals to check . Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photodetector device comprises a CCD sensor, in particular a color distinguishing CCD sensor. Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the illumination means is adapted to emit light of a predetermined spectral composition and the photodetector device is adapted to differentiate the spectral properties of the light transmitted by the optical fiber or optionally by multiple optical fibers. . . Lock cylinder and key system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the illumination means is adapted to emit characteristic-modulated light, in particular intensity-modulated and / or phase-modulated light, such that also by optical fibers or optical fibers from key to photodetection. the light transmitting device and the electrical signal transmitted by the photodetector device will have a characteristic modulation content, and that the control device is adapted to evaluate signals having a characteristic modulation content. Lock key and key system key according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an optically readable data mark pattern (12), in particular a bar code pattern, on its part (6) which can be inserted into the lock cylinder. Key according to claim 18, characterized in that the data mark pattern (12) consists of marks (20, 22) that reflect and / or diffuse light differently. A key according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the mark pattern (12) comprises marks (20) which are formed by depressions and / or roughening of the key surface area at predetermined locations of the key portion slidable into the lock cylinder . Key according to claim 20, characterized in that the marks (20) are produced by laser beam burning, mechanical engraving and / or chemical etching. The key of claim 18, wherein the mark pattern comprises marks that are formed through through holes in the key. The key according to claim 22, characterized in that translucent elements, in particular gray filters and / or color filters and / or polarizing filters, are arranged in and / or on the through holes. A key according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the mark pattern comprises colored markings, in particular multicolored markings and / or markings of different grayscale. 25. An identification device for releasing a locking device, in particular for granting access to a closed section and / or for releasing a device for use and / or handling, upon presentation of valid identification data in an optically readable mark pattern on an authorization document authorized for release interlocking device, with an optical data acquisition device (330, 514) into which an identification card (336, 502) for optical scanning of the identification data (332, 504) located thereon, and a control device (516) can be receives the captured data by the optical device (330, 514) and is adapted to check the validity of the data and to provide a release signal for the interlocking device which causes the interlocking device (300, 518) to be released if the controlled data corresponds to valid identification data; that it is adapted to identify others formations of color and / or graded contrast information of color and / or multiple contrast grades of generated license identification marks (336, 502) to prepare a release signal for the locking device depending on whether the information. the color and / or contrast information correspond to valid «color and / or contrast information, wherein the optical data acquisition device (330, 514) comprises for this purpose a photodetection device (340, 514) adapted for differentiated scanning spectral properties and / or scaled intensities. properties of light coming from the respective marks (334, 504), from at least one illumination source, illuminating the marks during optical scanning, which transmits to the control device electrical signals corresponding to the sensed spectral and / or intensity characteristics for checking color and / or information contrast information. An authorization document for an identification device according to claim 25, characterized in that it comprises a mark pattern (332, 504) with colored identification marks 42, in particular multicolored marks, and / or identification marks of different degrees of contrast for optical scanning. a data acquisition device (330, 514) of the identification device. An identification system, comprising an identification device according to claim 25 and at least one license document according to claim 26. An identification system according to claim 27, characterized in that the marker pattern (504) of the license card (502) is formed as a two-dimensional array with a plurality of marks forming the array elements. An identification system according to claim 28, characterized in that the identification device is adapted to check the validity of the scanned data of only certain field marks (504). Identification system according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that the photodetector device comprises a CCD sensor (514) for optical scanning of the mark pattern (504). An identification system according to claim 27, 28, 29 or 30, characterized in that the marker pattern (504) of the license card (502) comprises position reference marks at predetermined locations and that the identification device is adapted to use positioning marks. reference marks for matching optically scanned identification data to the spatial positions of the identification marks. Identification system according to any one of claims 27 to 31, characterized in that colored reference marks and / or contrast degree reference marks are placed on the license document as calibration marks for the identification device. Identification system according to any one of claims 27 to 32, characterized in that the license is designed as a card (336, 502), in particular in a credit card format. An identification system according to any one of claims 27 to 33, wherein the marker pattern comprises spectrally selectively reflecting marks. An identification system according to any one of claims 27 to 34, characterized in that the mark pattern is formed by through holes in the license card, in or on which translucent color filters and / or gray filters are located. An identification system according to claim 27, characterized in that the mark pattern is implemented as a color bar code pattern (332). An identification system according to claim 27, characterized in that the data acquisition device (330) comprises at least one optical fiber or fiber bundle for optical scanning of the mark pattern (332) that transmits light from the marks (334) to the photodetector. device (340).