JPS61130991A - Graphic processing method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a graphic processing method and apparatus for creating graphic data, and in particular enables conditional drawing operations for color display, single gradation display, etc. The present invention relates to a graphic processing method and device.

[Background of the invention]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Many graphic systems that display characters, figures, etc. on a screen display colors or multiple gradations. In such a system, it is necessary to select which one to display when multiple figures with different colors and gradation data overlap.

That is, the depth relationship of each figure is determined by the way it is displayed in this violet square portion, and if the selection method is different, the appearance will be completely different.

The simplest conventional method to make this possible is to select the drawing order of figures through software processing. That is, the figures that should be drawn in the back are drawn in order, and the figure closest to the front is drawn last, and in the overlapped part, the figure drawn later is drawn. However, this method is time-consuming because it is necessary to change the software and change the drawing order each time the display method of the overlapping portion is changed. Furthermore, since the drawing order is specified, it is difficult to write programs for complex wheat shapes.

Furthermore, it is difficult to apply this method to video processing in which only part of a figure is sequentially changed while leaving the background image unchanged.

In contrast, the figure O priority level is memorized and the CRT
Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-36907 proposed a method using dedicated hardware to switch color data tubes when displaying
It is disclosed in the publication No. However, this method has the problem that it cannot handle the complexity of a single figure because it can only operate on a limited number of coordinate values.

On the other hand, in high-end graphics systems that display three-dimensional figures, the above problem is discussed as a problem of line erasure or hidden surface erasure.
Although this is disclosed in Publication No. 6, it requires large-scale hardware and is not easy to implement.

As described above, the software method is inexpensive but has limited functionality and performance, while the hardware method provides high performance but is expensive.

[Purpose of the invention]

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graphic processing method that can be built into an LSI that can be applied to systems ranging from inexpensive to high-end systems, and that processes drawing calculations for color and gradation data at high speed with a relatively simple configuration. and equipment.

[Summary of the Invention] □The features of the present invention for achieving the above object include means for comparing pixel data represented by a single bit, t, or multiple bits with other data, and a means for comparing pixel data expressed by a single bit, t, or multiple bits, and a means for comparing created pixel data with externally read The present invention includes means for performing calculations between pixel data and means for controlling pixel data calculations based on comparison results.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 schematically shows the overall configuration of a graphic processing apparatus including the embodiment of FIG. The graphic processing device shown in FIG. 2 includes a logic-address calculation section 21. which performs logical address calculations. It is comprised of a physical address calculation section 222 that performs physical address calculations, a pixel data calculation section 23.degree. that performs arithmetic processing on pixel data, and a control device 20 that simultaneously controls the above three calculation sections. The control device 20 receives commands from the central processing unit or other control devices, decodes the commands, and stores in advance control procedures for each control unit for creating and arithmetic processing of graphic data.

FIG. 1 shows details of the pixel data calculation section 23 and the pixel data calculation control signal generator 19 that are important in this embodiment.

(1) Pixel data comparator 10 Based on mask data from mask register group 13,
Read data buffer register 14. Data for one pixel is cut out from each data from the color register group 12 and compared.

(2) Pixel data calculation unit 11 Based on the mask data from the mask register group 13,
Hard data buffer register 14. A logical operation or arithmetic operation is performed on one pixel worth of data between each data from the color register group 12 and the color register group 12.

(8) Color register group 12 This is a register group that stores various image information such as drawing color data and comparison color data.

(4) Mask register group 13 This is a register group that stores mask data corresponding to the pixel mode and mask data that can be arbitrarily set from the central processing unit or other control device.

(6) Read data buffer register 14 This is a register that temporarily stores data read from a memory that stores graphic information.

(6) Write data buffer register 15 This is a register that temporarily stores the calculation result of the pixel data calculation unit 11 and outputs it to the memory that stores graphic information.

(7) Comparison color data selector 16 Compares pixel data from the color register group 12 and controls the selection of registers to be output to the comparator 10.

(8) Drawing color data selector 17 This is used to control the selection of registers output from the color register group 12 to the pixel data calculator 11.

(9) Mask data generator 18 1ii Generates ninth mask data that cuts out data for one pixel according to the number of bits allocated to the 11 elements,
Output to mask data register group 13.

liO pixel data calculation control signal generator 19 controls the pixel data calculation unit lit according to the comparison result from the pixel data comparator 10 and the pixel data calculation mode.

The pixel data comparison and arithmetic processing performed by the pixel data calculation section 23 are performed in accordance with instructions from the central processing unit or other control device. A series of operations when comparing and calculating pixel data operates as shown below.

One word of data is read from an external memory (not shown) that stores graphic information and is stored in the read data buffer register 14. One word of stored data includes one or more pixel data. This data is
The pixel data is sent to the comparator 10. At this time, the pixel data comparator 10 receives the pixel position t in one word from the physical address calculation unit 22, the bit indicating the address information, and the bit at-indicating 1 pixel from the logical address calculation unit 21.
The mask data generator 18 generates all mask data from the information. This mask data is
It is sent to register group 13 and stored. Also, according to the control signal from the comparison color data selector 16, the color register group 1
Comparison data is selected from pixel data comparator 10 from pixel data comparator 10. The pixel data comparator 10 compares comparison data and data from the read buffer register 14 based on the mask data from the mask register group 13. The comparison result is output to the pixel data calculation control signal generator 19. Similarly, in the pixel data calculation unit 11, the read data buffer register 14. The mask data of the mask data register group 13 selected under the control of the mask data selector 18 is applied to the data from the color register group 12 selected by the drawing color register selector 17. Based on this, masking and processing of one pixel data is performed, and pixel data and calculations are performed. Pixel data calculations are performed according to control signals from a pixel data calculation control signal generator 19. The result of this operation is stored in the write data buffer register 15 and written to the memory where the original graphic information is stored.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 has a function that allows efficient processing even when data of one pixel is expressed by multiple bits (multiple colors or multiple gradations). You can select different operating modes. FIG. 3 shows the structure of one word of the display memory in each mode.

(a) 1 bit/pixel mode This mode is used when each pixel is expressed using 1 bit, such as a black and white image, and 166 consecutive pixel data are stored in 1@ of the display memory.

(b) 2-bit/pixel mode One pixel is expressed by t-2 bits, and used for display in 4 colors or up to 41Si tones. One word in the display memory contains 98 consecutive words.
Stores pixel data.

(C) 4-bit/pixel mode 1 pixel t'' is expressed with 4 bits, and 16 colors or 1
Used for displaying up to 6 gradations. Data of four consecutive pixels is stored in one word of the display memory.

(d) 8-bit/pixel mode One pixel is represented by t-8 bits, and one word of the display memory stores data of two consecutive pixels.

(e) 16-bit/pixel mode One picture is expressed in 16 bits, and one candy in the display memory corresponds to one pixel data.

FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the mask data generated by the mask data generator 18 and the bit address output from the physical address calculation unit 22 in the 4-bit/pixel mode. For example, when comparing and calculating bits 4 to 7 of pixel data, bit address 4 is generated in the physical address calculation unit 23. In this case, in the mask data generated by the mask data generator 18, 11'' is set only in the bits that perform pixel data comparison or calculation, and '0' is set in the bits that do not perform pixel data comparison or calculation. Set. That is, when the bit address is ``4'', the mask data shown in FIG. 4(b) is generated by the mask data generator 18 and stored in the mask data register group 13.

FIG. 5 shows a pixel data calculation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. Pixel data operations
Modes O to 3 are modes in which pixel data calculations are performed on a comparison basis, and operation modes 4 to 7 are modes in which pixel data are compared and execution of pixel data calculations is determined based on the comparison results. This will be explained in detail below.

(υ Operation v-7 mode 0 The pixel data calculator 11 executes arithmetic processing to replace the color data in the color register group 12 selected by the drawing color selector 17 with the data of one pixel of the drawing point. .

(2) Operation mode 1 Similar to operation mode 0 described above, a logical operation "OR" is performed between the color data from the color register 5P12 and the data for one pixel of the read data buffer register 14. 't-m elementary data calculator 11 executes.

(8) Operation V-7 mode 2 Similar to operation mode 1, perform the logical operation "AND" on the elementary data.

(4) Operation mode 3 Similar to operation mode 1, the logical operation "'EOR't" is executed on one pixel data.

(5) Operation mode 4 This is a mode in which drawing is permitted only for a specific color specified in advance. The color data of the color register group 12 selected by the comparison color selector 17 and the read color data are
The pixel data comparator 10 compares the drawn one pixel data from the de-buffer register. As a result, the comparison pixel data from the color register group 12 and the read
When one pixel data of a drawing point from the data buffer register 14 is equal, the color data from the color register group 12 selected by the drawing color selector 16 and the read pixel data are the same.
If the data from the data buffer register 14 is not suitable for replacing one pixel data of a drawing point, no pixel data calculation is performed.

(6) Operation mode 5 This is a mode in which drawing is prohibited for specific colors. Similar to operation mode 4 described above, the pixel data comparator 10
, one pixel data is compared, and if the results are not equal, the color data from the color register group 12 selected in drawing color selection 8E6 and the data from the read data buffer register 14 are compared. The pixel data calculation unit 11 executes pixel data calculation to replace one pixel of the drawing point. If the comparison results in the pixel data comparator are equal,
No pixel data calculations are performed.

(7) Operation mode 6 Color register group 12 selected by drawing color selector 16
The pixel data comparator 10 compares each one pixel data of the drawing color data from the read data buffer register 14 and the color data from the read data buffer register 14.

As a result of this comparison, only when the drawing color data has a larger value than the drawing point data from the read data buffer register 14, the pixel data calculator 11 selects the drawing point data from the read data buffer register 14. An operation is performed to replace one pixel data with one pixel data of the drawing color data from the color register group 12. The comparison results are
If the drawing color data has a smaller value than the drawing point color data before drawing is executed, no pixel data calculation is performed.

In other words, the one with larger color data is given priority in drawing.

(8) Operation mode 7 The pixel data comparator 10 performs the same comparison operation as in operation mode 6 described above. As a result of the comparison, if the drawing color data from the color register group 12 has a smaller value than the color data before drawing execution from the read data buffer register 14, the pixel data calculator 11 , executes an operation to replace one pixel data of a drawing point with one pixel data of drawing color data from the color register group 12.

``If the comparison result is as described above, pixel data calculation is not performed. In other words, the one with smaller color data is rendered with priority.

FIG. 6 illustrates the comparison of pixel data by the pixel data comparator 10 using a 4-bit/pixel mode and a bit address of 8 as an example.

Comparison color data 64 from color register group 12, mask data 65 from mask register group 43. A mask calculation unit 60 performs mask calculation processing on comparison data from the three pieces of color data from the read data buffer register 14. The mask calculator 60 refers to the mask data 65 and performs a process of lending one pixel data represented by a single bit or a plurality of bits for performing pixel data comparison. As a result, the comparison color data 64 is treated as comparison color 1 pixel data 62, and the color data before execution of drawing from the read data buffer register 14 is treated as 1 pixel data of the drawing point 1 pixel data 61 before drawing. generated. The comparator 63 receives comparison color 1 pixel data 6z
The data size, coincidence, and mismatch of the drawing point 1 pixel data 61 are compared and the results are outputted to the pixel data calculation control signal generator 19.

FIG. 7 shows an example of pixel data calculation by the pixel data calculation unit 11 in the case of 4 bits/pixel mode and bit address 8.

The pixel data calculator 11 uses three data: drawing color data 71 from the color register group 12, mask data 70 from the mask register group 13, and data from the read data buffer register 14. Pixel data calculation is performed under the control of the pixel data calculation control signal generator 19. The pixel data operation is based on the mask data 70, and for the bits of the mask data that do not require operation and are 10", the read data buffer is stored without performing any operation. - Outputs the value of register 14 to write data buffer register 15. For bit 111 of mask data, one pixel at the same bit position of drawing color data 71 from color register group data + vc” and read data
The data from the buffer register 14 is operated on the same one-pixel data "u" and the result "y" is outputted to the line data buffer register 15.

The calculations executed here are those shown in FIG. 5, depending on the operation mode.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the operation mode θ to θ using the hardware configuration of FIGS.
This is an example of executing the drawing process in step 3.

FIGS. 8(C) to (f) show the drawing process of the figure shown in FIG. 8(a) on the image memory before drawing is performed, shown in FIG. 8(Φ), in each operation mode. This is an example executed. Figure 8(c)? 4. Operation・
The pixel data calculation for replacement is executed in mode 0, and nine results are shown. This shows that the graphic information of the tab and drawing area has been replaced with drawing graphic data. Similarly, (d) in the same figure shows an AND operation in operation mode 2, and (e) shows an AND operation in operation mode 2.
U1, (f) executes the EOR operation in operation mode 3 and shows the result. The figure shows the results of drawing processing in operation modes 0 and 4 to 7.

In this figure, all the image data before drawing is the data value ′
For the black area represented by ``0'', blue rectangles represented by the value of drawing color data ``3'' are sequentially drawn, and then blue rectangles represented by the value of 1 drawing color data ``'1'' are drawn. A case is shown in which a green rectangle and a red rectangle represented by the value of the drawing color data ``2'' are drawn. FIG. 9(a) shows the result of drawing in operation mode O shown in FIG. In this mode, the last red rectangle drawn remains on the top surface. FIG. 9(b) shows the result of drawing in operation mode 4 shown in FIG. 5 by setting black, which is also represented by the value of color data "'0", as comparative color data. In this example, the comparison color specifies the same data as the background black, and drawing is executed only on the same data as the comparison color. Here, all the data to be drawn is inconsistent with the comparison color, so the blue rectangle that was drawn first is
1 remains on the top surface. FIG. 5C shows an example in which green represented by the value of color data "11" is set as comparison color data and drawing is executed in operation mode 5. This mode executes drawing only when the comparison color data and drawing point data are not equal, so when drawing the first blue rectangle and the second green rectangle, Since the pixel data of the drawing point before drawing is black or green, drawing is executed as is.

However, when drawing the third red rectangle, the red rectangle is drawn only in an area other than the green rectangle because pixel data identical to that of green in the comparison color data exists.

FIG. 9(d) shows the results of drawing each rectangle in operation mode 6. In this mode, the value of the pixel data drawn at the drawing point is
This is a mode in which drawing is executed only when the value of the drawing point pixel data before drawing is also larger. Therefore, for the blue rectangle with the drawing color data "3" of #jJ1, the pre-drawing color data of the drawing point is 1.0", and the drawing color data is larger, so drawing is executed. When drawing a green rectangle with drawing color data ``1n'' of 2, drawing is executed only in an area that is smaller than the value of color data 71'', so drawing is executed only in the black area, No drawing is performed in the blue rectangular area.

When drawing a red rectangle with the third drawing color data of 12'', no drawing is done in the blue area where the drawing point pixel data before drawing is '3'', and only other areas are drawn. Execute drawing. As a result, the figure shown in FIG. 9(d) is obtained. FIG. 6(e) shows the result of drawing in operation mode 7 in the same manner. This mode is a mode in which drawing is executed only for K when the pixel data to be drawn is smaller than the drawing point pixel data before drawing. here,
Since the value of the pixel data before drawing is 0'' and the color data to be drawn i;t is large as ``1'', ``2'', ``3'',
No drawing is performed, resulting in something like this.

For drawing (operation mode 0), priority is given to the one drawn later, whereas for operation modes 1 to 3
You can mix various colors with this. In operation mode 4, by specifying a specific background color, the first drawn figure can be displayed preferentially, producing the opposite effect of normal drawing. In operation mode 5, drawing of a specific color can be prohibited, so important information can be masked so that it does not disappear. Operation mode 6.
In No. 7, since drawing is performed according to a predetermined priority order, the same result can be obtained even if the drawing order is different. By using this function, you can easily create a representation with depth, and it can also be applied to video processing by sequentially updating information on a part of a figure.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the present invention in which comparison is made only for partial fields of one pixel. The same figure (a
) indicates the structure of one pixel data, which consists of a display pixel data field and a pixel display control field for displaying on the screen. The display pixel data field stores display pixel information of 16 colors in 4 bits. In the pixel display control field, for example, the coordinate value in the depth direction (
Z-coordinate).

FIG. 2B shows the configuration of an apparatus for generating mask data for performing pixel comparison for a partial field of one pixel. The mask data 101 indicating one pixel area sent to the mask data generator 18 is ANDed with the data in the field mask data register 100 indicating a partial field of one pixel, and the pixel data is compared. mask data to be input to the device 10 is created. Based on the mask data generated here, as explained in FIG. 6, pixel data comparison is performed only for the partial fields, and pixel data calculations are controlled.

FIG. 11 shows the structure of the one-pixel data shown in FIG. 10(a) K, and the pixel data 17 shown in FIG. A picture that stores a pixel field and two coordinate values.
) Represented by combining two fields of the pixel display control field, only the pixel display control field that stores two of these coordinate values is subject to comparison operations, and drawing operation is performed only when the two coordinate values are closer to each other. By configuring the system to perform the following, it is possible to perform hidden surface processing using a two-buffer algorithm.

In this system, pixel data is compared for partial fields of pixel data within a graphic processing device, drawing processing is controlled, display pixel data is controlled, display pixel data is input to a display control circuit, and C By displaying 3
Construct a graphic display system that performs dimensional graphic processing.

As described above in detail, according to this embodiment, one pixel data is divided into a display pixel field and a pixel display control field, and only for the cough pixel display control field.
By performing pixel data comparison calculations and controlling one drawing process, there is an effect that a variety of graphic drawing processes such as hidden surface processing become possible.

FIG. 12 shows, as an application example of the present invention, the overall configuration of a display system to which a graphic processing device according to the present invention is applied, including a central processing unit 100, a main memory 101, a graphic processing device 102, and a display control device. 103, image memory 104,
It consists of a parallel-serial converter 105, a display device 106, and other peripheral control devices 107. Here, the graphic processing device 10
2 and the image memory 104 are parts related to the present invention.

The central processing unit 100 controls the entire system, is stored in the main memory, and performs control processing according to programs and data. A main memory 101, a graphic processing device 102,
A display control device 103 and other peripheral control devices 107 are connected.

Here, the peripheral control device 107 includes an image memory 10 that includes various input/output control devices, auxiliary storage control devices, etc.
4 stores information corresponding to each pixel on the screen of the display device 106.

In the graphic processing device 102 according to the present invention, the display control device 103 sequentially reads out the information on the image memo IJ 104 and displays it on the display control device 106. Performs read control. Since data is normally read out in parallel from the image memory 104, a parallel to serial converter 105 is used to convert this into a serial video signal.

In this embodiment, when generating graphical information on the image memory 104, different results are obtained according to various processing modes. Furthermore, since the processing mode and color specification parameters can be controlled independently of the generation of each pixel information, it is easy to change the color conditions. Therefore, in this application example, the burden on the central processing unit 100 required for changing color conditions can be significantly reduced.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to perform conditional drawing according to color and gradation data.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of the hardware configuration of the present invention, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the bit/pixel mode, and FIG. Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the bit address and mask data in the 4-bit/pixel mode; Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the operation mode, which is the pixel data calculation mode; Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram of pixel data comparison. 7 is an explanatory diagram of pixel data calculation, FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of operation modes 0 to 3 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of operation modes 4 to 3. 7 is an explanatory diagram, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of partial fields and their comparison.
FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a three-dimensional graphic processing system, and FIG. 12 is an overall schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. 10... Pixel data comparator, 11... Pixel data calculator, 19... Pixel data calculation control signal generator, bi
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Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In an apparatus that performs drawing processing by sequentially calculating pixel positions and reflecting predetermined drawing pixel data in a graphic information storage means, read pixel data from the graphic information storage means; A graphic processing method, characterized in that the drawing process is controlled by a comparison operation between and predetermined comparison pixel data. 2. It has a first means for storing graphic information and a second means for storing predetermined drawing pixel data, and the data read from the first means and the data read from the second means are The device has a third means for performing calculations between the two, and performs drawing processing by writing the calculation results of the third means into the first means, the data read from the first means and the data read from the first means. A fourth means for performing a comparison operation with predetermined comparison pixel data is provided, and the comparison operation by the fourth means leads to the drawing operation in the third means or to the first means. 1. A graphic processing device, characterized in that the writing of the data is controlled. 3. In claim 2, in order to treat the drawn pixel data as predetermined comparative pixel data, the fourth means combines the read data from the first means with the second means. A graphic processing device characterized in that it performs a comparison operation between. 4. In claim 2, a fifth means for storing predetermined comparison pixel data is provided, and in the fourth means, between the read data from the first means and the fifth means. A graphic processing device characterized in that it performs comparison operations. 5. In claim 2, a sixth means for specifying a partial field of one pixel data is provided, and the sixth means is provided.
A graphic processing device characterized in that the comparison operation by the fourth means is performed only for the partial field specified by the means.