JPH11264201A - Ventilating structure of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make an indoor environment comfortable, and save air conditioning and heating energy by providing a ventilating structure of a building capable of reducing a heat loss by ventilation even at air-conditioning and heating time. SOLUTION: An air supply passage 63 to introduce outside air to indoors and an exhaust passage 64 to discharge indoor air under the floor 27 are juxtaposed between an outer wall 30 and an inner wall of a building so as to contact with each other through a heat transfer plate 62 by mutually opposing the respective ventilating directions. Heat is exchanged between the outside air passing through into the air supply passage 63 and the indoor air passing through into the discharge passage 64 through the heat transfer plate 62.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a ventilation structure for a building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, buildings are becoming more airtight due to the progress of construction methods and the spread of aluminum sash, and the adverse effects include dew condensation due to insufficient ventilation, breeding of mold and ticks,
In addition, problems such as an increase in allergic diseases caused by them have arisen. Furthermore, recently, it has been pointed out that indoor harmful substances such as formaldehyde generated from building materials cause so-called "new disease" and have carcinogenic properties. Therefore, in buildings, especially houses,
Ventilation in buildings is a very important issue.

[0003] Therefore, conventionally, a ventilation structure called a wall ventilation structure has been proposed and implemented as a system capable of constantly ventilating the inside of a building without opening windows. This creates an air layer between the exterior and interior walls of the building,
This air layer is communicated with the outdoors and indoors, and the indoor and outdoor air is exchanged by natural airflow generated in the air layer due to wind and a temperature difference between the indoors and outdoors. There is also a type in which a fan (blower) for supplying or exhausting air is connected to the air layer to forcibly ventilate.

[0004]

However, according to the conventional ventilation structure, in the summer, the cooled indoor air is discharged and hot outside air flows in instead, and the indoor temperature rises sharply. Further, in winter, the heated indoor air is discharged, and instead, cool outside air flows in, and the indoor temperature drops sharply. Therefore, the cooling / heating efficiency is deteriorated, and indoor comfort is impaired. To make up for this, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the cooling and heating equipment and extend the operation time, so that the cost of cooling and heating increases, and this is against energy saving.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a ventilation structure for a building that can reduce heat loss due to ventilation even during cooling or heating such as in summer or winter, thereby achieving a comfortable indoor environment and saving energy for cooling and heating. The purpose is to:

[0006]

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ventilation structure for a building, comprising: a supply passage for introducing outside air into a room between an outer wall and an inner wall of the building; And an exhaust passage for discharging indoor air are arranged side by side so that the respective ventilation directions are opposed to each other, and are in contact with each other via a heat transfer plate, and the outside air passing through the air supply passage, and the exhaust passage It is characterized in that heat exchange is performed with the indoor air passing through the inside through the heat transfer plate.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the air supply passage for introducing outside air into the room and the exhaust passage for discharging indoor air are formed along the ceiling surface of the building. The heat transfer plate is disposed between the outside air passing through the air supply passage and the indoor air passing through the exhaust passage while being arranged side by side so as to be opposed to each other via a heat transfer plate. Characterized in that heat exchange is performed via

Further, the ventilation structure for a building according to claim 3 is characterized in that the heat transfer plate is formed by forming a thin plate made of a heat conductive material into a corrugated plate or a pleated plate.

In the ventilation structure for a building according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the air supply passage and the exhaust passage each have a wavy undulation orthogonal to the air flow direction on an inner surface facing the heat transfer plate. These undulations are characterized in that vortices are generated in the respective air flows in the air supply passage and the exhaust passage.

Further, the ventilation structure for a building according to claim 5, wherein a blower is connected to at least one of the air supply passage and the exhaust passage, and the ventilation is forcibly performed by operating the blower. Features.

Further, in the ventilation structure for a building according to claim 6, the exhaust passage is communicated under the floor, and the air layer inside the storage room or the partition wall provided on the floor is provided.
The lower part thereof is communicated with the underfloor of the floor, the upper part thereof is communicated with the attic or the underfloor of the upper floor of the floor, and the indoor air discharged from the exhaust passage is from the underfloor of the floor, the storage room or the storage room. It is characterized by being discharged outside after circulating through the inside of the partition wall to the attic or below the upper floor of the floor.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a two-story house 1 provided with a ventilation structure for a building according to the present invention. This house 1
Has an outer wall 30 erected above a cloth foundation 21 made of reinforced concrete, and a roof 40 supported by a hut assembly is provided at the top. Living rooms 51 and 52 and a storage room 53 are provided on the first floor of the house 1, and a partition wall 54 is provided between the living room 51 and the living room 52.
On the second floor, living rooms 55 and 56 and a storage room 57 are provided, and a partition wall 58 is provided between the living room 55 and the living room 56.
Is provided.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the structure near the outer wall 30 on the first floor of the house 1. On the indoor side of the base 22 attached to the upper end of the cloth foundation 21, a short joist support 23 is attached, on which a floor joist 24 and a floor board 25 are provided. Further, a floor heat insulating material 26 is attached between adjacent floor joists 24.

The outer wall 30 is formed by an outer wall panel 31 erected on the base 22. The outer wall panel 31
A panel frame composed of vertical and horizontal frame members 32 and a plurality of vertical waist edges 33 (see FIG. 3) arranged vertically inside the frame members 32, and a structural plywood 34 and an exterior material attached to the outside thereof. 35 are formed. On the back surface of the structural plywood 34, a wall heat insulating material 36 separated by the vertical waist edge 33 of the panel frame is attached. On the indoor side of the outer wall panel 31,
An inner wall material 38 forming an inner wall 37 of the living room is attached. Further, the wall heat insulating material 36 of the outer wall panel 31 and the inner wall material 3
8, a vertically long gap S defined by the vertical frame member 32 or the vertical trunk edge 33 of the outer wall panel 31 is formed.

A heat transfer plate 62 is provided in a part of the vertically long space S.
An air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 composed of two ventilation layers separated from each other by front and back is incorporated. The outer wall 30 side of the two ventilation layers is provided with an air supply passage 6 for introducing outside air indoors.
3, and the inner wall 37 side is an exhaust passage 64 for discharging indoor air to the outside.

The lower part of the air supply passage 63 communicates with the outside through an outside air inlet 71 provided on the outside of the outer wall 30. The upper part is connected to a ceiling air supply pipe 72 provided behind a ceiling 81 on the first floor, and communicates with the living room 51 through an indoor air supply port 73 provided on the ceiling 81.

On the other hand, the lower portion of the exhaust passage 64 communicates with the underfloor 27 on the first floor through an underfloor exhaust port 74 provided by cutting off a corner of an upper portion of the base 22 on the indoor side. The upper part is connected to a ceiling exhaust pipe 75 provided behind the ceiling 81 on the first floor, and communicates with the inside of the living room 51 through an indoor suction port 76 provided on the ceiling 81. In FIG.
The indoor wall material 38 is removed from the indoor side to supply and exhaust heat exchange device 61
Is shown.

An air supply fan 77 (blower) for feeding outside air to the indoor side is installed in the ceiling air supply pipe 72, while an exhaust fan 78 for discharging indoor air is installed in the ceiling air exhaust pipe 75. (Blower) is installed. By these operations, outside air is supplied from the outside air inlet 71 to the air supply passage 63.
The air flows into the living room 51 from the indoor air supply port 73 through the air supply pipe 72 above the ceiling. At the same time, the indoor air in the living room 51 is sucked out from the indoor suction outlet 76, and is passed through the ceiling exhaust pipe 75 and the exhaust passage 64 to the underfloor exhaust port 74.
From the lower floor 27 of the first floor. Note that an indoor air supply port 73 and an indoor suction port 76 provided on the ceiling 81 are provided.
Are arranged, for example, near the diagonal of the ceiling 81 so as to keep the horizontal position as far as possible to enhance the ventilation efficiency.

As shown in FIG. 1, the above-described supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 includes an outer wall 3 on the opposite side of the second floor of the house 1.
0 is also incorporated. Here, the outside air flows into the air supply passage 63 from the outside air introduction port 71, and passes through the indoor air supply port 73 to the inside of the living room 55 through the ceiling air supply pipe 72 provided behind the ceiling 82 on the second floor. Supplied to At the same time, the indoor air in the living room 55 is sucked out from the indoor suction outlet 76, passes through a ceiling exhaust pipe 75 provided behind the ceiling 82 on the second floor, and further passes through an exhaust passage 64, so that the indoor air in the second floor 28 The air is discharged to the underfloor 29 on the second floor through the underfloor exhaust port 74 provided by cutting off one corner of the upper part on the indoor side.

The heat transfer plate 62 for separating the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 of the air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 is a thin plate made of a heat conductive material, and the entire contact surface between the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 is formed. Are arranged over. The heat transfer plate 62 is formed in the shape of a corrugated plate or fold that continuously bends in the vertical direction, and has a surface area considerably larger than the projected area of the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64. . The heat conductive material is, for example, a copper plate, an aluminum plate, a zinc iron plate,
Various materials that have high thermal conductivity, are easy to mold, and can be used as building materials, such as stainless steel plates and other metal plates, and thin plates made of hard vinyl chloride resin.

The inner surface of each of the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 facing the heat transfer plate 62 is formed in a corrugated shape bent continuously in the vertical direction. The same material as the heat plate 62 or a material having a higher heat insulating property than the heat transfer plate 62 such as a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyurethane resin, and a polystyrene resin is used. The shape thereof is slightly different from the shape of the heat transfer plate 62 described above, and a plurality of projections 65 that bend each air flow in the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 to generate a small vortex,
It is formed repeatedly.

By the operation of the supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 configured as described above, the outside air introduced into the room from the supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 below the first or second floor below the floor 27, 29.
The heat exchange is performed between the indoor air discharged to the outside and the indoor air as follows.

That is, for example, when the indoor is cooled in summer, the hot outside air flowing into the air supply passage 63 from below and the cooled indoor air flowing from above into the exhaust passage 64 are heated by the heat transfer plate 62. Pass each other. Then, while the outside air rises and the indoor air descends, the heat transfer plate 6
2 from the outside air in contact with the air supply passage 63 side surface.
The heat is gradually transmitted to the indoor air that is in contact with the surface of the exhaust passage 64 on the side of the exhaust passage 64, and the temperature difference between the outside air and the indoor air is reduced. In this way, the outside air cooled by releasing heat is supplied to the air supply pipe 7 above the ceiling.
2, the air is supplied from the indoor air supply port 73 into the living rooms 51 and 55.

On the other hand, in winter, heated indoor air flowing into the exhaust passage 64 from above is supplied to the air supply passage 6.
Heat transfer plate 6 against the cold outside air flowing from below into
2 to transfer heat. The outside air heated by absorbing the heat of the indoor air is supplied into the living rooms 51 and 55.

Since the heat transfer plate 62 is formed in the shape of a corrugated plate or folds, the outside air and the indoor air come into contact with each other over a distance considerably longer than the height of the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64. Further, since a plurality of protruding portions 65 are formed on the inner side surfaces of the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 that face the heat transfer plate 62, each air flow in the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 is It is repeatedly stirred while swirling, and the heat transfer plate 6
The heat exchange is performed evenly not only for a part of the air close to the front and back of the second embodiment but also for the entire airflow. Therefore, living room 5
The temperature of the outside air supplied to the insides 1 and 55 is raised or lowered to a practically sufficient level without making the sectional areas of the air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 extremely small. By the way, in this embodiment, the thickness P of the frame of the outer wall panel 31 is 12c.
m, and the thickness Q of the supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 is 8 to
Approximately 10 cm, the width of the supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 should be 40 to 50
cm. In this way, it is possible to reduce the heat loss due to ventilation during cooling and heating and reduce the cooling and heating load while securing a constant ventilation volume.

The air supply fan 77 and the exhaust fan 78 that are operated for inhaling outside air and inhaling indoor air include:
For example, a small one of about 2 watts / hour is sufficient and does not exceed the power consumption of general ventilation equipment. Also,
Depending on weather conditions, only one of the operations may be performed, or both may be stopped to perform outdoor ventilation. It is convenient to provide switches for operating the air supply fan 77 and the exhaust fan 78 inside the living rooms 51 and 55, for example.

Although not shown here, the outer wall 3 is not shown.
It is preferable that an outside air inlet 71 provided on the outdoor side of No. 0 be provided with a rain cover for preventing rain from blowing, an insect / dustproof filter for preventing insects and fine dust from entering. Further, heat exchange between the outside air and the indoor air is performed by the heat transfer plate 6.
Since there is a possibility that dew condensation may occur on the front and back surfaces of 2, the drainage pipe, the water receiving tray, and the like are preferably provided at the outside air inlet 71 and the underfloor exhaust port 74.

Next, the ventilation path of the whole building in the house 1 will be described. As mentioned above, the outside air is 1
The air is supplied to the living room 51 on the first floor through the supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 on the floor, and partially flows into another living room adjacent to the living room 51. Instead, the indoor air in the living room 51 on the first floor is discharged to the underfloor 27 on the first floor via the supply / exhaust heat exchanger 61 on the first floor. Similarly, outside air is also supplied to the living room 55 on the second floor through the air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 on the second floor, and the air in the living room 55 passes through the air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 on the second floor. Is discharged. The underfloor 27 on the first floor is usually provided with an underfloor ventilation opening 91 at the rising portion of the cloth foundation 21.
If you open this underfloor vent 91,
The air below the floor 27 on the first floor is discharged outside, and the air 2 below the floor on the first floor 2
7 will be ventilated. However, in this house 1,
The underfloor vent 91 is openable and normally closed. Further, a ventilation section 92 is provided at a lower portion and an upper portion of the storage room 53 and the partition wall 54 provided on the first floor, respectively, so that the air layers in the storage room 53 and the partition wall 54 are below the first floor 27 and the second floor. Under the floor 29. Therefore, the air below the floor 27 on the first floor is pressurized by the air discharged from the air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 on the first floor, and the storage room 53
The floor and the inside of the partition wall 54 are pushed up, and
Flow out to 9. Further, the ventilation section 9 is also provided at the lower and upper portions of the storage room 57 and the partition wall 58 provided on the second floor, respectively.
2 are provided, and an air layer in the storage room 57 and the partition wall 58 is communicated with the underfloor 29 on the second floor and the attic 41 (attic hut). Then, from the underfloor 27 on the first floor to the underfloor 2 on the second floor
9 and the second floor supply and exhaust heat exchanger 6
The air discharged to the underfloor 29 on the first and second floors joins, rises in the storage room 57 and the partition wall 58 on the second floor, and reaches the attic 41. The eaves of the roof 40 are provided with eaves ventilation holes 93 for discharging the air of the attic 41 to the outside. The air circulating in the house 1 and reaching the attic 41 is
The air is discharged outside from the eave sky vent 93.

In general, storage rooms such as closets and storage rooms provided in buildings are often closed at all times, so that moisture tends to build up and molds and ticks are likely to occur. Further, since the inside of the partition wall is also close to the airtight space, dew condensation may occur due to weather conditions or cooling and heating, and the wooden shaft may be corroded. Further, even under the floor, if ventilation is not sufficient, there is a possibility that dew condensation or termites may occur. However, this house 1
Are below the floor 27, 2 by the air flowing through the ventilation path.
9. Since the insides of the storage chambers 53 and 57 and the partition walls 54 and 58 are constantly and positively ventilated, corrosion of members, mold, ticks,
Prevent the breeding of termites and increase the durability of the building,
The indoor environment can always be maintained comfortably.

Incidentally, the above-mentioned supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61
The ventilation structure of a building configured by incorporating the same can be applied to any building construction method as long as an air layer having a thickness of several cm or more can be secured inside the outer wall. It is particularly suitable for a large wall construction using a steel frame or a wooden frame construction method, a wooden frame wall construction method including a two-by-four construction method, a wooden panel construction method, etc., but it can also be applied to a reinforced concrete construction by separating a structural wall from an inner wall. However, in the case of a steel structure or a wooden structure, when a streak or a horizontal waist edge is provided in the frame of the wall surface, it is necessary to incorporate the supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 at a position avoiding these.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. 4 and 5 show a longitudinal section of one dwelling unit 10 of a middle- and high-rise apartment house provided with the ventilation structure of a building of the present invention. In addition, parts having the same functions as those of the above-described embodiment,
Members are given the same reference numerals.

The dwelling unit 10 has a skeleton formed of reinforced concrete, and an inner wall material 38 is provided inside the outer wall 30 via a wall heat insulating material 36. The floor is floor slab 2
The ceiling 81 is formed of a floor slab 80 with a heat-insulating finish material.
It is formed by spraying directly on the surface. Dwelling unit 10
Inside, a living room 51 and a storage room 53 are provided.

A beam-shaped duct 83 is provided on the lower surface of the ceiling 81 along the door wall 39, and the supply / exhaust heat exchanger 61 is horizontally accommodated in the duct 83. The air supply passage 63 of the air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 communicates with an outside air introduction port 71 provided on the outer wall 30 side and an indoor air supply port 73 provided on the living room 51 side, while the exhaust passage 64 is provided in the living room. It communicates with an indoor suction port 76 provided on the 51 side and a vertical exhaust pipe 79 provided in the storage room 53. The air supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 are each connected to an intermediate portion by a connecting pipe 66 and extend a horizontal distance, are partitioned by the heat transfer plate 62, and are arranged side by side with the air supply passage 63 on the upper side. .
Further, an air supply fan 77 is provided in the air supply passage 63 near the outside air inlet 71, and an exhaust fan 78 is provided in the exhaust passage 64 near the indoor suction outlet 76. In addition, the lower end of the vertical exhaust pipe 79 is open to the underfloor 27.

In the dwelling unit 10, the supply / exhaust heat exchange device 6
By the action of 1, heat exchange is performed between the outside air flowing into the air supply passage 63 from the outside air inlet 71 and the indoor air flowing into the exhaust passage 64 from the indoor suction port 76. Then, the indoor air discharged to the underfloor 27 from the exhaust passage 64 via the vertical exhaust pipe 79 flows to the opposite side of the underfloor 27 and is discharged to the outside from the outdoor exhaust pipe 94.

In general, an apartment house made of reinforced concrete is more airtight than a detached house, and dew condensation, indoor harmful substances and the like are often regarded as problems. In addition, due to its structure, it is difficult to provide a large ventilation space for ventilation inside the outer wall. However, according to the ventilation structure of the building of the present invention, since the air supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 is horizontally arranged on the lower surface of the ceiling 81, good ventilation is performed only by providing a minimum ventilation hole in the outer wall 30. be able to. Thus, the present invention provides a particularly effective ventilation structure even in an apartment house.

When the floor height of an apartment house is low, the ceiling of the dwelling unit is usually directly painted or sprayed, so that it is impossible to provide piping behind the ceiling.
Therefore, in the above-described embodiment, as shown in the cross section in FIG.
The duct 83 is provided with a decorative finish that looks like a beam shape. The supply / exhaust heat exchange device 61 has a height defined by a dimension in which the supply passage 63 and the exhaust passage 64 are overlapped.
Both can be accommodated at a height of about several cm, so that they can be formed compactly. Therefore, as described above, it is easy to perform the construction in consideration of the beauty in the living room 51.

[0038]

According to the ventilation structure for a building of the present invention, the heat is transmitted through the heat transfer plate between the outside air introduced into the room through the air supply passage and the indoor air discharged from the room through the exhaust passage. Replacement is performed, and outside air with a reduced temperature difference from indoor air is supplied indoors, so heat loss due to ventilation is reduced even during cooling and heating, and comfort in the indoor environment is maintained, and cooling and heating costs are reduced. Is saved.

Further, according to the ventilation structure for a building according to the first aspect, the air supply passage, the exhaust passage and the heat transfer plate are arranged between the outer wall and the inner wall, so that the indoor space is restricted by the ventilation equipment. It is used effectively without receiving it.

According to the ventilating structure for a building according to the second aspect, the air supply passage, the exhaust passage, and the heat transfer plate are arranged along the ceiling surface of the room, so that it can be easily implemented even in an apartment house. The indoor space is effectively used.

According to the ventilation structure for a building according to the third or fourth aspect, the efficiency of heat exchange between the outside air and the indoor air is improved, and the heat loss due to ventilation is further reduced.

Further, according to the ventilation structure for a building according to the fifth aspect, indoor ventilation can be always performed regardless of outdoor weather conditions.

According to the ventilation structure for a building of the present invention, indoor air is discharged under the floor, and further discharged outside after passing through the interior of the storage room or the partition wall. In addition, the underfloor, the storage room, and the inside of the partition wall are sufficiently ventilated, and the indoor comfort and the durability of the building are improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a two-story house provided with a ventilation structure of a building of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a structure near an outer wall on the first floor of the house.

FIG. 3 is an elevation view showing a state in which an air supply passage and an exhaust passage are viewed from the indoor side in an overlapping manner.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of one dwelling unit of an apartment house provided with the ventilation structure of a building of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the dwelling unit in another direction.

[Explanation of symbols]

 27, 29 Under floor 30 Outer wall 37 Inner wall 42 Attic 53, 57 Storage room 54, 58 Partition wall 62 Heat transfer plate 63 Air supply passage 64 Exhaust passage 65 Undulation 77, 78 Blower 81, 82 Ceiling

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An air supply passage for introducing outside air into an indoor space and an exhaust passage for discharging indoor air between an outer wall and an inner wall of the building such that their respective ventilation directions are opposed to each other.
Heat exchange is performed between the outside air passing through the air supply passage and the indoor air passing through the exhaust passage through the heat transfer plate. The ventilation structure of the building, which is characterized by 2. An air supply passage for introducing outside air into the room and an exhaust passage for discharging indoor air along the ceiling surface of the building, with their respective ventilation directions facing each other,
Heat exchange is performed between the outside air passing through the air supply passage and the indoor air passing through the exhaust passage through the heat transfer plate. The ventilation structure of the building, which is characterized by 3. The heat transfer plate according to claim 1, wherein the thin plate made of a heat conductive material is formed in a corrugated shape or a fold shape.
Or the ventilation structure of a building according to claim 2. 4. A wavy undulation orthogonal to a gas flow direction is formed on an inner surface of each of the air supply passage and the exhaust passage facing the heat transfer plate, and these undulations are formed in the air supply passage and the exhaust passage. 4. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1, wherein a vortex is generated in each airflow inside the building. 5. A blower is connected to at least one of the air supply passage and the exhaust passage, and forced ventilation is performed by operation of the blower. Or the ventilation structure of a building according to claim 4. 6. An exhaust passage communicating under the floor,
An air layer inside the storage room or the partition wall provided on the floor is communicated with a lower portion thereof under the floor of the floor and an upper portion thereof under the floor of the attic or the upper floor of the floor, and discharged from the exhaust passage. Indoor air to be discharged from the floor below the floor of the said floor, through the storage room or the inside of the partition wall, to the attic or below the floor above the floor, and then to the outside. Claim 1,
The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, or claim 5.