JP3187707B2 - Building cooling / heating / ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cooling and heating system for buildings.
Regarding ventilation system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a general wooden building, a temperature difference is large between living rooms due to poor airtightness, a relatively large amount of draft, and poor heat insulation performance. Or the efficiency of cooling and heating becomes poor. In order to deal with such problems, the building itself has been promoted to have high insulation and high airtightness. However, in buildings, as the degree of airtightness increases, natural ventilation decreases, so that a new problem of indoor pollution has arisen. For this reason, for example, FIG.
The ventilation system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is introduced to forcibly ventilate a room or the like. The above ventilation system 1
Then, using a ventilation blower 2, the indoor air is passed through suction ducts 4 A connected to the ducts 3 A, 3 B via horizontal ducts 3 A arranged on the back of the ceiling on the first floor or vertical ducts 3 B rising from the horizontal ducts 3 A. Is forcibly sucked and discharged to the outside.

[0003]

The conventional ventilation system as described above has the following disadvantages. That is, it is necessary to provide the air inlet 6 in the outer wall 5 to take in the outside air. However, in a living room or a non-living room provided with the air inlet 6, since cold air or hot air directly intrudes from the outside, there is a gap between the other room. There has been a problem that the indoor environment is hindered, such as a large temperature difference. On the other hand, when designing a house, there is a strong demand for securing privacy and making a private room, and the living space may be divided into several by a partition wall or the like. At this time, the door part may be provided with a gallery (vent) to secure ventilation (wind) between the rooms. However, even if such measures are taken, the room that does not heat and cool the room may be used. There is also a problem in that a temperature difference occurs between the rooms, and the occupants feel discomfort when moving between such rooms. In addition, when existing floor heating is used as the heating means, the radiation is one-sided radiation only on the floor, resulting in uneven radiation heating, and a comfortable living space cannot be obtained as expected.
However, even if other heating equipment such as a stove is used, a temperature difference is generated in one room in the vertical and horizontal directions because the heating is basically partial heating. By the way, if there is a temperature difference between rooms as described above, or if there is a temperature difference in one room,
Condensation and the like may occur in the skeleton, which may cause mold and mite.

[0004] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and eliminates a temperature difference between each room and a vertical and horizontal temperature difference in one room, thereby ensuring the comfort of a living space. An object of the present invention is to provide a cooling / heating / ventilation system for goods.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the front and rear, right and left, and upper and lower sides are respectively provided by a soil insulation material, an outer wall insulation material, and a ceiling insulation material provided with an airtight material. A living space is formed inside the building in a hermetically enclosed manner, and a room surrounded by interior materials such as flooring materials, inner wall materials and ceiling materials is provided in the living space,
A gap is formed between the heat-insulating material forming the living space and the interior material forming the room, and a skeleton air layer including an underfloor air layer, a wall skeleton air layer, and a ceiling air layer communicating with each other. Air-conditioning means is provided for cooling and heating and ventilating the room and the air layer in the skeleton, and the air in the skeleton is provided.
The air outlet of the air conditioner and the inlet are arranged on the layer,
The air conditioning means comprises an air conditioner, and the air conditioner is
The air layer above the ceiling on the first floor (3)
8). The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that a radiator is arranged in the underfloor air layer. The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that earth concrete is cast between the radiator and the earth insulation material. The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that a gap is provided between the exterior material and the outer wall heat insulating material to form an outer wall ventilation layer. In the invention described in claim 5, an air inlet that communicates with the outside air is provided below the outer wall ventilation layer, and an air outlet that communicates with the outside air is provided above the outer wall ventilation layer. It is characterized by.

According to the present invention, a highly airtight living space surrounded by a heat insulating material is formed inside a building, and a room is provided inside the living space via an air layer in the building and air conditioning means is provided. This not only heats the room but also the air layer inside the building, so that the ceiling, floor, and inner wall materials that make up the room are also heated and cooled. Therefore, the ideal radiating effect from the front, rear, left, right, and upper and lower surfaces eliminates the temperature difference between each room and the temperature difference in the vertical and horizontal directions even in one room, and provides a comfortable living room with a small temperature difference. Space will be obtained.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a building provided with a cooling / heating / ventilation system according to the present invention. This building is constructed on a foundation 11 laid on the ground.
A skeleton is constituted by columns erected on the upper side and beams passed between these columns. For example, an outer wall 12 such as a mortar wall or a siding wall is provided on an outer peripheral side of the skeleton. A roof 13 made of a board, a tile roof, a slate roof material, or the like is provided.

[0008] Inside the building, a living space 25 is formed by being surrounded by the earth heat insulating material 21, the outer wall heat insulating material 22, and the ceiling heat insulating material 23 in the front, rear, left and right and up and down directions. Heat insulation material 2
Airtight materials 26, 27, and 28 are provided inside 1, 22, and 23, whereby the living space 25 is highly airtight. The heat insulating materials 21, 22, 23 and the airtight materials 26, 27, 28 may be provided separately or may be provided as a panel and provided integrally.

In the living space 25, a plurality of rooms 30
Are surrounded and defined by interior materials such as a floor material 31, an inner wall material 32, and a ceiling material 33. Here, room 30,
Have a two-story structure provided in two stages up and down, and the heat insulating materials 21, 22 and 23 defining the living space 25 are formed.
There is a gap between the floor material 31, the inner wall material 32 and the interior material such as the ceiling material 33 which define the room 30,
An underfloor air layer 34, an air layer 35 in the wall skeleton communicating with each other,
An air layer above the ceiling (air layer above the ceiling on the second floor) 36 is formed. In addition, gaps are provided between the inner wall materials of the plurality of rooms 30 and between the ceiling material 33 of the room 30 on the first floor and the floor material 31 of the room 30 on the second floor. 37 and an air layer 38 above the ceiling on the first floor are respectively formed. The underfloor air layer 34, wall air layer 35, ceiling air layer 36, partition air layer 37, and first-floor ceiling air layer 38 are communicated with each other to form a frame air layer 39. For example, an opening 29 such as a rag is provided on an inner wall near the floor of each room 30, for example.
Thereby, each room 30 and the air layer 39 in the body are in communication with each other.

An air conditioner 40 for simultaneously cooling, heating and ventilating the plurality of rooms 30,... And the air layer 39 in the skeleton is provided in the air layer 38 above the first floor, which forms the air layer 39 in the skeleton.
Is provided. The air conditioner 40 includes a coil for cooling and heating,
It is equipped with a filter for dust removal, a blower, etc.,
The air adjusted to have a predetermined temperature and humidity by removing dust is supplied to an air supply duct 41 extending from the air conditioner 40 and to a main room branched therefrom (a living room 30A, 30B,
) Are supplied through air outlets 41a,..., While air is sucked from suction ports 42a,. An adjustment damper 43 is interposed in the air supply duct 41 communicating with the air outlet 41a opened in the living room 30A, 30B,..., And the air supply branching off from the air supply duct 41 in which the adjustment damper 43 is interposed. The duct 44 is provided with the air layer 39 in the skeleton, specifically, the air layers 38 and 2 above the ceiling on the first floor.
Air outlets 44a are respectively provided in the air layers 36 above the floor ceiling. The adjustment damper 43 is connected to the living room 3.
The opening is adjusted by a signal from a temperature sensor 30a provided in each of the air outlets 0A, 30B,.
When the air supplied to each of the living rooms 30A, 30B,... Is throttled, excess air is supplied to the airframe base layer 39 from the airframe outlet 44a connected to the air supply duct 44. .

An adjusting damper 46 is also interposed between the exhaust duct 42 of the air conditioner 40 and the outside air intake duct 45, and the opening degree of the adjusting damper 46 is determined by an outside air temperature sensor 46.
It is adjusted based on the output signal of a. That is, when the air-conditioning load caused by the outside air flowing from the intake duct 45 is large, the adjustment damper 46 is throttled to
When the air-conditioning load is small, the adjustment damper 46 is opened to a predetermined opening degree, and the amount of air flowing in from the outside air intake duct 45 increases. In addition, the air equivalent to the amount of outside air taken in by the air conditioner 40 is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 47a at the tip thereof by the outside air exhaust duct 47. Reference numeral 48 denotes an air suction port opened to the air layer 39 in the body and connected to the air conditioner 40.

Reference numeral 50 denotes a radiator arranged in the underfloor air layer 34. A hot water pipe is stretched around the radiator 50, and warm water heated by the boiler 51 passes through the hot water pipe, thereby heating the underfloor air layer 34. The output of the boiler 51 is the underfloor air layer 34.
It is adjusted by the output signal of the temperature sensor 51a provided in the controller. A slab concrete 53 is cast between the slab insulation 21 and the radiator 50. Specifically, the soil insulation 21 is disposed between the foundations 11 at the same height as the footing 11a.
The above-mentioned earth concrete 53 is cast on the upper side of 1. In addition, 54 is a base airtight material arranged outside the foundation,
55 is a basic outer finish.

A gap is provided between the outer wall 12 and the outer wall heat insulating material 22 to form an outer wall ventilation layer 60. The outer wall ventilation layer 60 includes the basic outer finish 55
The outside air flows in from the air inlet 63 formed between the drainage material 62 and the draining material 62, and the air in the outer wall ventilation layer 60 flows out to the outside from the backside ventilation hole 64, whereby natural ventilation is performed. It has become. In addition, the openings (sashes, doors, etc.) used for the outer walls of this house are insulated,
A highly airtight material is used.

Next, the operation of the cooling / heating / ventilating system for a building having the above configuration will be described separately for winter and summer. <Winter Season> The warm water heated by the boiler 51 is circulated through the radiator 50, and the underfloor air layer 34 is heated to, for example, about 25 ° C. At this time, the heated air in the underfloor air layer 34 is supplied to the air layer 35 in the wall frame and the partition air layer 37.
Through the first floor ceiling air layer 38 and the second floor ceiling air layer 36. That is, heat is supplied to the radiator 50 via the boiler 51 controlled by the temperature sensor 51a, and the heat radiated from the radiator is
4. The body air layers 39 such as the wall air layer 35 and the partition air layer 37 are uniformly warmed. Thus, the air layer 3 in the skeleton
9 heats the interior materials such as the floor material 31, the inner wall material 32, and the ceiling material 33 of each room 30. As a result, the surface temperature of the interior materials is made uniform, and the person existing in the living space 25 is heated. To provide an overall radiant heating effect.

On the other hand, ventilation in the living rooms 30A, 30B,... In addition, living room 30A, 30
Excess air out of the air blown to B,... Is discharged to the underfloor air layer 34 or the first-floor air layer 38 from the opening 29 of the inner wall material or the floor material, and the air layer 35 in the wall frame or the partition air layer. The air is sucked into the air conditioner 40 from the air inlet 48 in the body of the air conditioner 40 via the 37 and the first floor ceiling air layer 38 and the like. This provides a convection effect and a dehumidification effect.

Here, the flow of air blown out from the air conditioner 40 will be described by taking the living room 30A on the first floor as an example.
For example, assuming that air of volume “3” is blown out from the upper outlet 41a of the living room 30A and air of volume “2” is sucked from the upper suction port 42a of the living room 30A, an opening provided at the lower part of the living room 30A From 29, the air of the remaining volume "1" obtained by subtracting the volume "2" from the volume "3" is discharged. Then, the discharged air of volume “1” is supplied to the underfloor air layer 3.
4. The air is sucked into the air conditioner 40 from the air inlet 48 in the frame through the air layer 35 in the wall frame or the partition air layer 37 and the air layer 38 above the ceiling on the first floor.

The air conditioner 40 also has a role as auxiliary heating, and can blow hot air from the outlet 41a of the living room 30A, 30B,. In addition, living room 30
A, 30B,..., The opening of the adjustment damper 43 controlled based on the output signal of the temperature sensor 30a in the room 30 is reduced.
When the amount of air supplied to A, 30B,... Decreases, excess air is blown out from the air outlet 44a in the skeleton to the air layers 38, 36 above the first and second floors. Further, the heat radiated from the radiator 50 is stored in the soil concrete 53, and even when the boiler 51 is not operating, the heat stored in the soil concrete 53 is dissipated, and the temperature in the skeleton increases. Is prevented from lowering. Further, the outside air flowing from the air inlet 63 formed between the foundation outer finish 55 and the draining material 62 flows out through the outer wall ventilation layer 60 to the outside from the upper shed ventilation hole 64, At this time, the outer wall 12 or the outer wall heat insulating material 22
Prevents the formation of dew inside.

<In the case of summer> First, the air conditioner 40
By supplying conditioned air from the outlet 41a and sucking room air from the inlet 42a, the living room 30A and the like are rapidly cooled. At this time, the excess air slightly flows out of the living room through the opening 29 provided near the floor, and the outflowing air flows into the underfloor air layer 34, the air layer 35 in the wall frame, or the partition air layer 37, the second floor ceiling. The air passes through the upper air layer 36 to reach the upper ceiling air layer 38 on the first floor. That is, the air is circulated through the air layer 39 in the skeleton, and is sucked into the air conditioner 40 through the suction port 48 in the skeleton. Thereby, the air layer 39 in the body is also cooled, and a convection effect and a dehumidification effect are provided.

When the temperature in the living room drops to a predetermined temperature,
This is detected by the temperature sensor 30a.
The opening degree of the adjustment damper 43 is reduced based on the signal issued from the signal a. Accordingly, the amount of conditioned air blown into the living rooms 30A,.
The amount of conditioned air blown out from a increases. In this way, at the time of starting the air conditioning, the temperature in the living rooms 30A, 30B,... Can be rapidly reduced, and after the living room falls to a predetermined temperature, the temperature of the air layer 39 in the building is gradually reduced.
A, 30B,... When the temperature of the air layer 39 in the building is 30A, 30b, ...
When it goes down to about the same level, the flooring materials 3 that make up the rooms 30, ...
1. The temperatures of the inner wall material 32 and the ceiling material 33 are also lowered at the same time, so that their surface temperatures can be made uniform, thereby providing an overall radiant cooling effect to the people in the living space 25.

The outer wall 12 is heated to a considerable temperature by the solar radiation.
While air flows in from 3, natural air is circulated by flowing out from the upper attic ventilation port 64 to the outside,
At this time, the solar heat that tends to be collected on the outer wall 12 can be efficiently discharged to the outside.

[0021] Incidentally, in the embodiment described above, attic ventilating opening for communicating the upper portion of the outer side vent layer 60 to the outside 64
However, the present invention is not limited to this.
An opening may be provided in the upper part of the opening, and this opening may be used. In the above-described embodiment, the living space 25 has the room 30,
Are provided, but the invention is not limited to this, and one room 30 may be provided .

[0022]

As described above, the present invention has the following excellent effects. According to the invention described in claim 1, a living space is formed inside the building, which is hermetically surrounded by front and rear, right and left, and up and down by the heat insulating material provided with the airtight material,
A room surrounded by the interior material is provided in the living space, a gap is formed between the heat insulating material forming the living space and the interior material forming the room, and a skeleton air layer is formed. Since not only the room but also the air layer in the body is cooled and heated and ventilated, interior materials such as ceiling material, floor material, and inner wall material constituting the room are also cooled and heated. The entire surface is a radiation surface, so that it is possible to eliminate the temperature difference between each living room and the vertical and horizontal temperature differences even in one living room. As a result, a comfortable living space with a small temperature difference can be obtained. In addition, the heat capacity of the entire building can be effectively used, and cooling and heating with little temperature change over time can be performed. Furthermore, since the inside of the building, especially the air layer under the floor, is also air-conditioned, the corrosion of the base can be prevented and the internal dew condensation can be prevented. In addition, since the air outlet and the air inlet of the air conditioner are respectively arranged in the air layer in the body, the air layer in the body can be directly cooled and heated, so that the space in the body can be quickly controlled to a predetermined temperature. Ma
In addition, the air conditioner is constituted by an air conditioner, and the air conditioner is disposed in the air layer above the ceiling on the first floor constituting the air layer in the building.
Since it has, as compared with the case of arranging the air conditioning unit in the room or the like, can be effectively used space, can be used widely room or the like. According to the second aspect of the present invention, since a radiator is arranged in the underfloor air layer, the radiator can be used as a main heat source to perform heating, and therefore, comfortable heating of the entire living space. Can be realized. When the heat source of the radiator is insufficient, the air conditioner supplements the heat source. According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the interstitial concrete is cast between the radiator and the interstitial heat insulating material, heat radiated from the radiator can be accumulated in the interstitial concrete. After stopping the temperature, the temperature of the living space can be prevented from dropping rapidly. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since a gap is provided between the exterior material and the outer wall heat insulating material to form the outer wall ventilation layer, this space can be used for ventilation, and thus the inner space can be used. It is possible to prevent condensation and prevent solar radiation from invading the living space in the summer. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since an air inlet communicating with the outside air is provided below the outer wall ventilation layer, and an air outlet communicating with the outside air is provided above the outer wall ventilation layer. In addition, natural ventilation of the outer wall ventilation layer can be performed, thereby preventing internal dew condensation and further preventing solar radiation from entering the living space in summer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a building provided with a cooling / heating / ventilating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing flows of air and heat in a building provided with the cooling / heating / ventilating system shown in FIG. 1 in winter.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing flows of air and heat in a summer of a building provided with the cooling / heating / ventilation system shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a building provided with a conventional cooling / heating / ventilation system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Foundation 12 Outer wall 13 Roof 21 Soil insulation material 22 Outer wall insulation material 23 Ceiling insulation material 25 Living space 26,27,28 Airtight material 30 Room 30A, 30B, 30C Living room 31 Floor material 32 Inner wall material 33 Ceiling material 34 Underfloor air layer 35 Air layer inside wall 36 Air layer above ceiling 37 Air layer above ceiling 39 Air layer inside building 40 Air conditioner 41 Air supply duct 42 Exhaust duct 43,46 Adjustment damper 44a (Body) outlet 48 (Body) suction Mouth 50 Heat radiator 51 Boiler 53 Soil concrete 60 Ventilation layer of outer wall 62 Air inlet 64 Ventilation port behind the hut

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Osamu Tsuji 1-23-3 Oi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Fukubi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tokyo Branch (72) Inventor Hidetoshi Sato 1-23rd Oi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo No. 3 Fukubi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tokyo branch (56) References JP-A-8-74342 (JP, A) JP-A-6-82089 (JP, A) Registered utility model 3017771 (JP, U) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F24F 3/044 E04B 1/74 F24F 7/08

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] An airtight material (26, 27, 28), a soil heat insulator (21), an outer wall heat insulator (22), and a ceiling heat insulator (23) each hermetically surround the front, rear, left, right, and top and bottom. A living space (25) is formed inside the building, and a room (3) surrounded by interior materials such as a floor material (31), an inner wall material (32), and a ceiling material (33) is formed in the living space.
0,...), A gap is formed between the heat insulating material forming the living space and the interior material forming the room, and an underfloor air layer (34) communicating with each other; (35), is skeleton body air layer consisting of a ceiling on the air layer (36) (39) is formed, the air conditioning means (40) is provided for cooling and heating and ventilating the skeleton body air layer and the room, the skeleton body air Air outlet (44a) of air conditioning means and suction
The mouths (48) are respectively arranged, and the air conditioning means comprises an air conditioner, and the air conditioner is located
The air layer above the ceiling on the first floor that constitutes the air layer (39) in the body
(38) A cooling / heating / ventilating system for a building, which is arranged in (38) . 2. The building cooling / heating / ventilating system according to claim 1 , wherein a radiator (50) is arranged in the underfloor air layer. 3. The building cooling / heating / ventilating system according to claim 2 , wherein a slab concrete (53) is cast between the radiator and the slab insulation. Cooling / heating / ventilation system. 4. The cooling / heating / ventilating system for a building according to claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between the exterior material (12) and the exterior wall heat insulating material (22), and the exterior wall ventilation layer is provided. A cooling / heating / ventilating system for a building, characterized in that (60) is formed. 5. The cooling / heating / ventilating system for a building according to claim 4 , wherein an air inlet (63) communicating with outside air is provided at a lower portion of the outer wall ventilation layer, and at an upper portion of the outer wall ventilation layer. An air conditioning / heating / ventilating system for a building, wherein an air outlet (64) communicating with outside air is provided.