JP2998743B2 - Structure and natural ventilation system of natural ventilation building for detached house - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a natural ventilation building in a low-rise house and a natural ventilation system using the same. In particular, in order to use the building structure itself as a ventilation path,
Space saving and low cost can be realized.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional residential ventilation systems include:
There are a central ventilation system directly connected to ducts and a ventilation system using preheated air supply.The central ventilation system directly connected to ducts uses a gap in the air supply path and constantly exhausts air from a washroom, bath, toilet, etc. with a ventilation fan, or a duct. This is a ventilation system that discharges indoor polluted air by connecting to a chimney as a ventilation path. In addition, the preheating air supply ventilation system is mainly used for houses with basic insulation floors for cold districts. There are two types of outside air intake methods, a method using the underfloor space as an air supply path, and a centralized ventilation port There is a method of taking in outside air using a ceiling via a preheating room. In addition, both the indoor air circulation and the exhaust method are based on the control by a fan.

[0003]

In the above two types of proposals, the duct-directed centralized ventilation system allows natural ventilation of the house, but does not use the structure of the building itself as ventilation equipment, and the duct is a ventilation path. Is connected from each room to the chimney, and the contaminated air from washrooms, baths and toilets, which are generally concentrated on the lower floors, is directly ducted from the exhaust port to the chimney, so duct members and duct space are required At the same time, the duct work becomes difficult and the installation cost becomes high.

Further, a ventilation system utilizing preheating air supply using an underfloor space as an air supply path cannot be used except for a basic heat insulation floor for a cold region, and a preheating room and a ceiling heating method require a preheating room. Required. Therefore, the planar freedom of the building is reduced due to structural restrictions. Furthermore, the air supply route is provided for warming measures in cold regions, and there is a problem that the utility is low in relatively warm regions south of the Tohoku region. The present invention focuses on such conventional problems. The purpose of the present invention is to use the structure of the building itself as a ventilation path, thereby rationalizing the ventilation equipment in each room, reducing the installation cost, and achieving a relatively warm environment. It can be installed in various areas.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to the present invention comprises:
In a building with a pit that penetrates the upper and lower floors, an air supply port from the outside is provided in each room on each floor, and an exhaust grill is provided on the ceiling of each room on the upper floor. from vent to pit portions utilizing ventilation passage, a suction grille provided in the pit portion ceiling, the suction grille upper attic, Kazeryouse
An exhaust chamber with a sensor , ventilation holes on both sides of the building , ventilation chambers below the ventilation holes, and a duct connecting the exhaust grill and the exhaust chamber, and the exhaust chamber and the ventilation chamber, respectively. .

[0006]

Furthermore, natural ventilation system according to the present invention, provided <br/> the fan and / or dampers over to exhaust the chamber, Kasokai other upper floors through the pit portion from the building external
Without passing through each room, go through the ventilation grill on both sides of the building from the suction grille, and on the upper floor, from the outside of the building, go through each room's exhaust grille, exhaust chamber and go through the building to the building. The gist is to artificially adjust by controlling the damper.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the present invention, the pits penetrating the upper and lower floors include a staircase, a stairwell, and the like. The pit of the building is used as the route. The outside air intake of each room installed on the upper and lower floors to take in fresh air from the outside generally has a through hole for air intake formed on the outer wall and a simple air supply inlet is fitted in many cases (FIG. 2).
(A)) Alternatively, a sash ventilation frame can be used (FIG. 2 (b)). In addition, since the ventilation flow changes depending on the position, it is preferable to provide the ventilation flow at a position suitable for the area in consideration of the indoor / outdoor temperature difference, the outside air volume, and the like. In addition, between the living room on the first floor and the pit portion, a ventilation opening such as a door undercut or a rag is provided so that the ventilation grill provided on the ceiling of the pit portion can ventilate the living room on the first floor.

It is preferable to use a heat-insulating material for the exhaust chamber behind the upper hut of the suction grill in order to prevent the material from becoming hot. It is preferable that a lower duct connecting the exhaust grill and the exhaust chamber and an upper duct connecting the exhaust chamber and the ventilation chamber are made of a heat-insulating material. Furthermore, by using a lightweight metal for the exhaust chamber, the ventilation port of the building, and the ventilation chamber, it is possible to reduce the weight of the natural ventilation system.

[0010]

[Embodiment 1] The structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the present invention will be described below with reference to Figs. FIGS. 1 to 5 are diagrams or graphs showing a configuration and an effect of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a first embodiment of the present invention corresponding to claim 1. FIG. 1 is a natural ventilation building for a detached house. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of an object, FIG.
Is a schematic perspective view of the attic ventilation facility, FIG.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing measurement results over 5 days when using a naturally ventilated building for a detached house.

In FIG. 1, (1) is an air supply port for taking in fresh outdoor air into each room on the upper and lower floors, (2) is an exhaust grill provided on the ceiling of each room on the upper floor, (3) is a ventilation passage using a pit,
(4) is a vent to the ventilation hole using the pit, (5) is a suction grill provided on the ceiling of the pit, (6) is an exhaust chamber,
(7) is a ventilation port, (8) is a ventilation chamber, (9) is a duct, (9a) is a lower duct, and (9b) is an upper duct.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, in a detached house having a pit portion, a lower floor is provided with a ventilation path extending from the air supply port to the ridge through the pit portion, and an upper floor is provided with the air supply port from the air supply port. The present invention relates to a structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house having a ventilation path that passes through a room ceiling to a ridge.

The air supply port (1) of this embodiment uses a circular air supply port having a diameter of about φ10 cm as shown in FIG. 2 (a). Contaminants can be removed. In addition, in each room on the upper floor, there is no vent hole to the pit portion, and an exhaust grill (2) is provided at the ceiling position of each room near the intake grill (5). The exhaust grill (2) is provided with an air volume adjusting function such as a louver so that each room can be individually adjusted to an appropriate ventilation air volume.

In order to secure a ventilation path from each room on the first floor to the pit, a gap is provided at the lower end of the door to provide a ventilation opening (4).
And In addition, a suction grill (5)
And an exhaust chamber (6) behind the hut,
Both are connected. A lower duct (9 mm) having a diameter of about 100 mm is provided between the exhaust grill (2) and the exhaust chamber (6).
a). Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a vertically openable ventilation chamber (8) that can be installed is attached to the purlin below the ventilation opening (7). At this time, the top of the roof base is notched over a width of 40 to 50 mm, and the top of the ventilation chamber (8) is installed so as to protrude from the end surface of the roof. Also,
The building has ventilation openings (7a) and (7b). Further, the exhaust chamber (6) and the ventilation chamber (8) are connected by an upper duct (9b) of about 200 mm to form a ventilation path to the outside of the building.

In a building having the above structure, buoyancy and wind force generated by a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building from the ventilation opening draws indoor air from the ventilation opening of the building, and exhausts the building pit portion and the second floor living room. Air is sucked out of the grill, and outside air is introduced from an air supply port on the lower floor. Accordingly, since the air in each room naturally passes through the building pit or the exhaust grill to the ventilation opening, an effective natural ventilation type house can be provided. As shown in FIG. 4, the final ventilation openings (7a) and (7b) to the outside are formed on both sides of the building and are not affected by the wind direction, and the wind flows along the roof so that suction by negative pressure is performed. The effect occurs. 5 (a) to 5 (c) show the results of actual measurements of ventilation using this structure over five days from April 18 to April 25. (A) is a graph showing an outdoor wind speed, (b) is a graph showing a comparison between an outside air temperature and an average room temperature, and (c) is a graph showing a ventilation air volume every one hour. As described above, the ventilation air volume of the present invention varies with the temperature and the wind speed (90 to 200 m ³ / h), but the generally required ventilation frequency is 0.35 to 0.5 times / h (floor area). 1
In the case of 20m ² of housing) is secured. Therefore, by using the building structure as in the present embodiment, it is possible to cover a necessary ventilation volume by natural ventilation.

Embodiment 2 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A description will be given based on FIGS. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment.
Except for providing a fan (10) and an air flow sensor (11) as shown in FIG. 6 in the exhaust chamber (6) described above,
It has a structure similar to that of the first embodiment.
If the building structure of this embodiment is used, the airflow sensor (1
The control device (not shown) determines whether the signal received in 1) is the optimal ventilation volume, and automatically turns the operation ON / OFF.
Can be done. In addition to automatically obtaining the optimal ventilation as described above, it is also possible to set and adjust ON / OFF or the intensity of the ventilation with a fan switch according to the occupant's preference. FIG. 7 is a graph showing annual measured values of ventilation using the building structure of the present embodiment. According to the results, the fan was operated when the air volume in summer and the middle period was small, and as a result, the required ventilation volume was obtained. Is secured.

Embodiment 3 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A description will be given based on FIGS. This embodiment is similar to the second embodiment.
This embodiment has the same structure as that of the second embodiment except that a damper (12) is provided as shown in FIG. 8 instead of the fan (10). If the building structure of this embodiment is used, it is possible to obtain an optimum air volume by adjusting the angle of the damper (12) stepwise when the air volume is large.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing annual measured values of ventilation using the building structure of the present embodiment. Excessive ventilation can be suppressed by controlling the damper (12) in the middle of winter and when the wind is strong. It has become possible.

Embodiment 4 A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 0, in the exhaust chamber (6) of the first embodiment,
The present invention relates to a natural ventilation system in which a fan (10), an air flow sensor (11), and a damper (12) are provided, and both of them are controlled according to ventilation air flow to adjust natural ventilation. The house used in this example has a structure having a main bedroom, a children's room 1 and a children's room 2 (not shown) on the second floor. Use these devices to increase ventilation on March 21
FIG. 11 shows the results of actual measurement over a period of 7 days from March to March 27.
(A) to (d). (A) is a graph showing an outdoor wind speed, (b) is a graph showing a comparison between an outside air temperature and an average room temperature, and (c).
Is a diagram showing an operation state of a fan, and (d) is a graph showing a chimney (a ventilation port of a building) exhaust air volume. FIG. 11D is a layered graph, in which the lower row shows the exhaust air volume of the hall / main bedroom, the upper row shows the exhaust air volume of the children's room 1 and the children's room 2, and the sum of these values becomes the chimney exhaust air volume.

As can be seen from this graph, Example 1
Insufficient ventilation in a light wind and suppression of ventilation in a strong wind, which could not be controlled only by the structure of the natural ventilation building, can be controlled by both the fan (10) and the damper (12). You can read it. In this embodiment, the fan (10) has a damper (12) of 100 m ³ / h or more.
In this case, the result is adjusted to a range of 150 m ³ / h or less. Thus, when seasonal changes are taken into account as shown in FIG. 12, it is presumed that an optimum ventilation rate can be obtained by using both the fan (10) and the damper (12) throughout the year. Also, according to the air volume at that time, the damper (12) tilts in the direction to close automatically in the case of strong wind to suppress excessive ventilation (180 m ³ / h or more), and the fan (10) automatically drives in the case of light wind. , Ventilation volume 100m ³
/ h or more, it is possible to finely control the ventilation volume (the ventilation volume which is generally considered to be the optimal range is 100 to 180 m ³ /
h) becomes possible. It is also possible to increase the ventilation according to the resident's preference.

[0020]

According to the present invention, each room is provided with an air supply port for introducing fresh air from the outside, an exhaust grill connecting the room and the back of the hut on the ceiling of each room on the upper floor, and a room on each lower room. By providing ventilation holes from each room to the pit portion ventilation path, it is possible to make the ventilation volume of each room and the whole almost constant, and to damage the appearance of the building because the building itself is used as a ventilation path And natural ventilation at low cost was made possible. In addition, by providing a ventilation chamber at the top of the building and a ventilation port at the ridge, it is possible to promote ventilation by utilizing the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors and the suction effect of wind power. Furthermore, indoor air is collected in the exhaust chamber behind the hut, and is directly ventilated to the outside through the ventilation port through the duct, so that the indoor air is not released to the back of the hut. Therefore, it is preferable because it does not leak indoor moisture.

By providing a damper and a flow rate sensor in the exhaust chamber, it is possible to suppress excessive ventilation in the middle of winter and strong winds. In addition, by providing a fan and air volume sensor in the exhaust chamber, the ventilation volume shortage during mid-air conditioning, summer, and no wind can be reduced by 100m.
It became possible to improve to ³ / h or more. Moreover,
By providing a damper, a fan, and an air flow sensor in the exhaust chamber, the ventilation volume throughout the year can be automatically maintained in an optimum range (100 to 180 m ³ / h) or in a range desired by the occupant.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural sectional view of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an air supply port of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a vaulted ventilation facility according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a ventilation ridge according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing measurement results when using a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows the inside of the exhaust chamber (fan) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Schematic sectional view of

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when a fan is used according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of the inside of an exhaust chamber (damper) according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when a damper according to the third embodiment of the present invention is used.

FIG. 10 is a configuration and a schematic sectional view of a natural ventilation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing measurement results when the natural ventilation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is used.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when the natural ventilation system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is used.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air supply port 2 Exhaust grill 3 Ventilation path using a pit 4 Vent 5 Suction grill 6 Exhaust chamber 7 Ventilation 8 Ventilation chamber 9a Lower duct 9b Upper duct 10 Fan 11 Airflow sensor 12 Damper

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Hajime Yada 1-1-88 Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Sekisui House Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshio Tani 1-1-88, Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka No. Sekisui House Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-10-176851 (JP, A) JP-A-8-42881 (JP, A) JP-A-63-70745 (JP, A) JP-A-8-14617 (JP, A) JP-A-9-78715 (JP, A) JP-A-1-170725 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04B 1/70

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. In a building having a pit portion penetrating the upper and lower floors, an air supply port from the outside is provided in each room on each floor, an exhaust grill is provided on a ceiling of each room on the upper floor , and a ventilation hole is provided on the pit portion.
Not, vents from the lower floor each room to pit portions utilizing ventilation passage, a suction grille provided in the pit portion ceiling, the suction grille upper small
In the back of the house, an exhaust chamber with an air flow sensor is provided,
A ventilating opening is provided on both sides of the building , a ventilation chamber is provided below the venting opening, and an exhaust grill and an exhaust chamber, and an exhaust chamber and a ventilation chamber are connected by ducts, respectively. Wherein providing the fan and / or dampers over to the exhaust chamber according to claim 1, Kasokai from grille suction through the pit portion from the building exterior without passing through the other of the upper Kaikaku room ridge sides of Through the ventilation openings, the upper floors are artificially controlled by controlling the fan and / or damper based on the detection of the airflow sensor based on the detection of the airflow sensor. Natural ventilation system characterized by adjustment