JPH06255568A - Hull structure of small boat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide hull structure enabling spontaneous recovery into the original state utilizing the buoyancy of the hull even when a small boat such as a yacht turns sideways or turns over due to high wind waves or the like. CONSTITUTION:A partition wall 2 is provided near the hull length center of a yacht used for an ocean yacht race or the like. The front part from the partition wall 2 is formed into a closed space. A cockpit 6 at the rear part is formed only of lateral shell plates 1 and a floor plate 3, and a shell plate at the rear end is formed in the open state.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hull structure of a small boat such as a yacht, a fishing boat or a motor boat, which can be restored to its original normal posture even if it is overturned by wind or shear waves.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Yachts used for open-sea yacht races do not easily capsize even when the hull is greatly tilted due to strong winds or transverse waves because they sail in rough seas. Various measures have been taken to restore the original posture.

As a general example of such a conventional yacht,
For example, the hull structure disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-42190 is known. As is generally known, the structure of this yacht has a mast for stretching a sail near the center of the hull length, and a center board serving as a weight projects from the bottom of the hull.
A space called a cockpit for seating and maneuvering is provided over the entire length of the hull or at least in the rear half. In this example, a closed space is formed between the left and right outer plates and the inner plate forming the cockpit.

Further, FIG. 8 shows a general example of a yacht used in an open-sea yacht race or the like. The outer plate 1 is formed in a streamlined shape and has a wide boat shape near the center of the hull length for stability in the rolling direction. 4 is a canopy plate, 5 is a deck, 6 is a cockpit, 7 is a mast, and 8 is a center board. The cockpit 6 is dented only in a portion where a person sits, and the deck 5 is provided on the entire surface except the portion of the canopy plate 4.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, Japan
International yacht races in which Japanese people participate, such as the Guam Yacht Race '92 <Marine Marine> and the America's Cup, have become popular in recent years, but there are cases in which a tragic accident has occurred due to the capsizing of the yacht.

[0006] In the research report "Warning from the Guam Race Accident Investigation Progress" (Kensaku Nomoto, Magazine "Rudder" November 1992 issue), based on the first report of the Accident Investigation Committee, I'm pointing out. Comparing the restoring force curves of IOR Racer A and Cruiser B before the spread of IOR, A overturned at a heel angle of 110 ° and B was 16
Do not capsize to around 0 °. A overturns and stabilizes when it overturns over a heel angle of 110 °. B does not overturn in the middle, but if it overturns above 160 ° C, it will be turned over and it will be difficult to restore.

The cause of drawing the above-mentioned restoring force curve is due to the hull structure and seems to be related to the position of the center of gravity. But,
In any case, if you capsize it, it will be turned inside out and will be stable, so it will be difficult to restore the original posture and your life will be at risk.
This is because each hull structure has a closed space on the left and right sides along the length direction of the hull, so that the buoyancy parts on the left and right balance with the gravity of the center of gravity and stabilize, just by turning the bucket upside down. It will be in a state of being.

FIG. 9 shows a diagram for explaining the above-mentioned operation.
(A) has a rotation angle of 90 °, (b) has a rotation angle of 135 °, (c)
Is for 180 °. When it further rotates beyond 135 °, the hull capsizes upside down as shown in (c).

At this time, in the front part of the hull, if the line of action between the buoyancy force B and the center of gravity G deviates even a little, there is a possibility that a restoring moment will be generated to rotate. However, in the rear part, the buoyancy of the sealed parts provided on the left and right sides is balanced on the left and right, so that the action of attempting to rotate is hindered and the state shown in the figure is stabilized.

As described above, in a conventional small boat such as a yacht, since there is a buoyancy portion on the port side, it is difficult to restore the original state once it is overturned, and the overturned yacht is turned inside out by the floating body provided on the mast top. Even if it is known that various measures have been taken to prevent such problems, they do not all represent fundamental solutions.

The present invention takes into consideration the problem that it is difficult to restore the original state of the conventional hull structure of a small boat such as a yacht once it has been overturned. For the sake of stability, there is no enclosed space that is the buoyancy part on the port side, the deck at the rear part where the cockpit is installed is omitted, and the buoyancy part on the port side is formed by forming only the left and right outer plates. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hull structure in which a buoyancy force acting on the hull structure causes a rotational moment even when the ship is overturned, thereby giving a restoring force for returning to the original state.

[0012]

As means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a partition wall with a cockpit near the center of the hull length or at a position appropriately back and forth with respect to the center of the hull, and the cockpit is provided in the front part from this position. A partition wall is provided, and the front part from this position is a closed space by providing a top plate between the tops of the starboard and the outer sideboard, and the cockpit has left and right side parts formed by only the outer plate. The hull structure of the small boat is formed by the floor plate provided above, and the left and right integrated sealed spaces are formed between the floor plate and the bottom plate.

[0013]

According to the hull structure of the present invention constructed as described above, the front portion of the hull has a large buoyancy because it is an enclosed space, and even if the hull is overturned or capsized, the entire hull does not sink immediately. Has great buoyancy.

Since the deck in the rear part of the cockpit is not provided between the tops of the outer plates, when it is overturned or overturned, it will be flooded and will be slightly submerged.

However, even in that case, if the buoyancy line of action in the front part deviates from the center of gravity even a little, gravity and buoyancy act in opposite directions, and the resulting rotation moment is applied to the hull as a restoring force. Return to. in this case,
Since the rear part is not provided with the conventional closed space on the left and right sides, the turning moment of the front part does not hinder the action of the hull to restore.

The buoyancy of the enclosed space provided below the cockpit in the rear part of the hull causes the rear part to rise, and when water is removed from the cockpit, the hull returns to its original horizontal state and completely recovers its posture.

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 are a side view and a plan view showing a schematic structure of a hull of a yacht according to an embodiment. The yacht shown is of the type used for open-sea yacht racing.

As shown in the figure, since this yacht is of the type used for yacht racing, the tip of the boat is sharp and the center of the hull length ensures stability against strong winds and transverse waves. A wide structure is adopted in the vicinity. Therefore, the shape of the hull is not limited to that of this embodiment, and may be, for example, a general yacht for leisure.

In this embodiment, a light and durable material made of FRP is used for the hull, but a light metal material such as aluminum alloy or wood may be used.

A partition wall 2 is provided near the center of the length of the hull and extends between the left and right outer plates 1 in the hull.
Its lower end continues to the horizontal floorboard 3. A canopy plate 4 having an appropriate size is provided in front of the partition wall 2, and the left and right outer plates of the front portion are closed by a deck 5.

Although not shown in the drawing, a kitchen and a storage compartment are provided inside the front part, and a canopy plate 4 may be opened to allow a person to enter during rest except during the race. However, during a race, a person exits from there and moves to the cockpit 6 to maneuver. 7 is a mast, 8 is a center board provided as a weight, and 9 is a check valve.
As will be described later, the check valve 9 is not necessary when the rear end of the cockpit 6 is open, but a plurality of check valves 9 may be provided when the rear end is provided with a wall having a certain height. Good.

As can be seen from the drawing, the cockpit 6 is composed of a partition wall 2, a floor plate 3, and an outer plate 1, and is sealed along the outer plates of the port and starboard like a conventional general yacht. It has no space. Also, the rear end of the cockpit 6 is not provided with a cut outer plate. A shallow space 3'is formed between the floor plate 3 and the bottom of the outer plate 1, and this part provides buoyancy. The great feature of the present invention is that the cockpit 6 is formed as described above.

3 (a) to 3 (e), the arrow A-- in FIG.
Sections corresponding to A, B-B, ... E-E are shown, which gives details of the hull shape. As shown in (c), the center of gravity G of the hull is below the center of buoyancy B,
For this reason, the hull stably floats on the sea surface under normal conditions.

With reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the operation of the yacht of the above embodiment to restore its original state when the yacht falls sideways or is capsized will be described.

When the yacht is overturned or capsized due to a strong wind or a transverse wave, the yacht of the embodiment is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the cockpit 6 part will sink in the sea if the force to rotate it further does not work when it is tilted 90 ° and is laid sideways.
The center of gravity G of the hull is higher than the center of buoyancy B acting on the forward part of the hull shown in the CC section, so that the center of rotation of the hull (not shown in the figure but between B and G) A restoring moment acts around. Therefore, the hull tries to return to the original state.

When the force of the strong wind or the shear wave is large and the yacht tilts to more than 90 ° and reaches around 135 ° (note that this angle is always 135 ° because the positions of B and G differ depending on the hull structure). However, since the center of gravity G of the front part of the hull has moved to the opposite side from the center of the buoyancy B, it can no longer return to its original state,
The slope is getting bigger and bigger.

Assuming that the inclination is increased to 180 °, that is, the hull capsizes upside down, the front part of the hull still floats due to its own buoyancy and the center of gravity G is buoyant, as shown in (c). It comes above the center of B (G and B are in pinpoint equilibrium in the state shown).

Furthermore, the rear part of the hull sinks in the water, that is, the hull floats diagonally with its front part floating and its rear part sinking. This is shown in FIG.

However, even if the yacht of this embodiment is in such a capsized state, the yacht tries to restore to its original state by rotating due to the characteristics of its hull structure. This is irrelevant if it is in a static state because the center of gravity G of the front part is above the center of the buoyancy B when the rear part of the hull is submerged in water in FIG. 4 (c). As
Actually, it does not stand still in balance, and the center of gravity G
This is because, if the downward action point deviates from the line of action of the buoyancy force B even a little, it will try to rotate about the rotation center between G and B.

When the front part of the hull starts to rotate due to the restoring moment, the hull attempts to return to its original state by just following the angle change of FIG. 4 in the reverse order. As shown in (b) of FIG. 5, when the rotation angle becomes 90 ° or less and approaches 0 °, the space 3'is forcibly submerged in water, and the rear part acts so that the hull is horizontal as a whole. Trying to become. At this time, since the outer plate on the rear end side of the rear portion of the hull is open, water in the cockpit 6 is immediately removed.

In this way, when the water in the cockpit 6 completely disappears, the hull is in a horizontal state with a rotation angle of 0 ° and is completely restored to its original posture.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which the basic structure of the yacht of the first embodiment is applied to a fish boat. 11 is an outer plate, 12 is a partition wall, 1
3 is a floor board, 14 is a ship control room, 15 is a deck, 16 is a fish storage section, 17 is an engine, 18 is a propeller, and 19 is a rudder. As shown in the figure, the rear skin of the fish storage unit 16 is closed in this embodiment, but is open when it is as in the first embodiment. When closing the rear skin, it is necessary to provide a plurality of check valves 20.

FIG. 7 is an external view of an example applied to a small motor boat. 21 is an outer plate, 22 is a partition wall, 23 is a floor plate,
24 is a cockpit, 25 is a deck, 26 is a luggage compartment, 27 is an engine, 28 is a propeller, and 29 is a rudder. Also in this case,
The object can be achieved by adopting a structure in which the basic conditions are the same as in the second embodiment.

[0035]

As described above in detail, in the hull structure of the present invention, the partition wall near the center of the hull makes the front part a floating body, and the cockpit at the rear part is formed to be open only by the outer plate. Even when the vehicle overturns or capsizes, the hull is restored from its capsized state to its original state by the action of the rotational moment generated by the buoyancy of the front part. Therefore, it becomes possible for a person to ride in the restored hull, which is very useful for saving lives.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a yacht according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the above.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view seen from the respective arrows in the same as above.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation.

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the fish boat of the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a motor board according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a conventional yacht.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of the same operation as above.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 outer plate 2 partition wall 3 floor plate 4 canopy plate 5 deck 6 cockpit 7 mast 8 center board

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A partition wall with a cockpit is provided near the center of the hull length or at a position appropriately front and rear of the hull, and a portion in front of this position is provided with a deck between the tops of the starboard outer plates to form a closed space. Form the left and right sides only with the outer plate,
A hull structure of a small boat, wherein a floor surface of the cockpit is formed by a floor plate provided above an outer plate bottom plate, and a left and right integrated sealed space is formed between the floor plate and the bottom plate.