JP6173894B2 - Surface water volume management method and system for ground material - Google Patents
Surface water volume management method and system for ground material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6173894B2 JP6173894B2 JP2013248776A JP2013248776A JP6173894B2 JP 6173894 B2 JP6173894 B2 JP 6173894B2 JP 2013248776 A JP2013248776 A JP 2013248776A JP 2013248776 A JP2013248776 A JP 2013248776A JP 6173894 B2 JP6173894 B2 JP 6173894B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- particle size
- ground material
- moisture content
- surface water
- predetermined
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 257
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 title claims description 91
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 257
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003703 image analysis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は地盤材料の表面水量管理方法及びシステムに関し，とくに様々な粒径の混在するＣＳＧ材，セメント改良土母材，骨材等の地盤材料の表面水量又はその変動を管理する方法及びシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a surface water volume management method and system for ground materials, and more particularly to a method and system for managing the surface water volume of ground materials such as CSG materials, cement-modified soil base materials, and aggregates having various particle sizes, or fluctuations thereof. .
ダム，防潮堤（堤防）等の盛土，その他の土木構造物を構築する工事において，材料・施工の合理化を図る観点から，工事現場付近の地山や河床等の採取場で調達し又は発生した様々な粒径の粒子（粘土，砂，礫等）が混在する地盤材料（以下，単に地盤材料ということがある）Ｓを用いて構造材料とすることがある。例えばＣＳＧ（Ｃｅｍｅｎｔｅｄ Ｓａｎｄ ａｎｄ Ｇｒａｖｅｌ），セメント改良土等の構造材料は，現場付近の採取場等で調達した地盤材料Ｓ（ＣＳＧ材，セメント改良土母材等と呼ばれる）に水及びセメントを混合してそのまま施工するものであり，大量且つ高速な施工を可能とする利点を有する（非特許文献１参照）。現場付近で調達した地盤材料を骨材としたコンクリートを構造材料とする場合もある。 Procured or generated at a sampling site near the construction site, such as dams, seawalls (banks), and other civil engineering structures from the viewpoint of rationalizing materials and construction A ground material (hereinafter simply referred to as a ground material) S in which particles of various particle sizes (clay, sand, gravel, etc.) are mixed may be used as a structural material. For example, CSG (Cemented Sand and Gravel) and structural materials such as cement improved soil are mixed with ground material S (called CSG material, cement improved soil base material, etc.) procured at a sampling site near the site and water and cement. It has the advantage of enabling large-scale and high-speed construction (see Non-Patent Document 1). In some cases, the structural material is concrete made of ground material procured near the site.
図７に示すように，現場付近の採取場１等で調達した地盤材料Ｓを用いた構造材料は，破砕装置１ａ等で適当に破砕することはあるものの，原則的に人為的な粒度調整を施さずに地盤材料Ｓをそのまま用いるものであり，地盤材料Ｓの粒度や含水率の変動（バラツキ）によって品質（とくに強度）の変動が生じる。そのため，ダンプトラック等の運搬機械３で工事現場に順次搬入される地盤材料Ｓの粒度，含水率を粒度試験装置８，含水率試験装置９によって適宜確認し，地盤材料Ｓに添加する水Ｗ及びセメントＣの混合量を調整して構造材料の品質を適切に管理することが求められる。 As shown in Fig. 7, structural materials using the ground material S procured at the sampling site 1 etc. near the site may be appropriately crushed by the crushing device 1a, etc. The ground material S is used as it is without being applied, and the quality (particularly strength) varies due to the variation (variation) in the particle size and moisture content of the ground material S. Therefore, the particle size and moisture content of the ground material S sequentially carried into the construction site by the transport machine 3 such as a dump truck are appropriately checked by the particle size testing device 8 and the moisture content testing device 9, and the water W added to the ground material S and It is required to appropriately control the quality of the structural material by adjusting the mixing amount of the cement C.
図９は，構造材料（例えばＣＳＧ）の品質管理方法の一例を示す（非特許文献１参照）。先ず，現場付近で調達する地盤材料Ｓ（ＣＳＧ材）について数多くの粒度試験を行い，粒度分布が最も粗い標本（大径粒状材の含有率が最も多い標本）と粒度分布が最も細かい標本（小径粒状材の含有率が最も多い標本）とを選定する。次いで，最粗粒標本及び最細粒標本を使用した構造材料（ＣＳＧ）について単位水量を変えながら強度試験を行い，強度不足となる下限値と施工に不向きな上限値とを検出する。そのうえで構造材料を製造する際に，最粗粒標本の粒度−強度曲線（図中の点線）と最細粒標本の粒度−強度曲線（図中の実線）と２本の許容単位水量範囲を示す縦線とで囲まれた「ひし形」（斜線部分）の範囲内となるように，地盤材料Ｓに添加する水Ｗ及びセメントＣの混合量を調整することによって構造材料の所要品質（強度）を確保する。 FIG. 9 shows an example of a quality control method for a structural material (for example, CSG) (see Non-Patent Document 1). First, a number of particle size tests are conducted on the ground material S (CSG material) procured near the site, and the sample with the coarsest particle size distribution (the sample with the largest content of large-diameter granular material) and the sample with the finest particle size distribution (small diameter) Specimens with the highest content of granular material). Next, a strength test is performed on the structural material (CSG) using the coarsest sample and the finest sample while changing the unit water amount, and a lower limit value that is insufficient in strength and an upper limit value that is not suitable for construction are detected. In addition, when manufacturing the structural material, the particle size-intensity curve (dotted line in the figure) of the coarsest sample, the particle size-intensity curve (solid line in the figure) of the finest sample, and two allowable unit water volume ranges are shown. The required quality (strength) of the structural material is adjusted by adjusting the amount of water W and cement C added to the ground material S so that it is within the range of the “diamond” (shaded area) surrounded by vertical lines. Secure.
図６は，構造材料を製造する方法の流れ図を示す。先ず，１日の構造材料の製造開始前にストックヤード２（図７参照）等において，ステップＳ２０１において使用する地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄ，及び所定粒径ｉ別の密度（表乾密度ρｉ・絶乾密度Ｇｉ），吸水率Ｑｉ，含水率ｗｉ等を計測し，ステップＳ２０２において，所要品質が確保できるような単位水量（例えば図９の下限と上限との中間値）を設定する。そのうえで製造時に，ステップＳ２０３において地盤材料Ｓをホッパー４へ投入し，ステップＳ２０４において粒度分布Ｄに応じた地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを算出し，ステップＳ２０５において単位水量と表面水量と差に応じた給水量（＝単位水量−表面水量）及びセメント量を地盤材料Ｓに添加する。地盤材料Ｓの表面水量は，ステップＳ２０１で求めた粒度分布Ｄから所定粒径ｉ別の重量比Ｍｉを求め，その粒径別の重量比ＭｉとステップＳ２０１で求めた粒径別の表乾密度ρｉ，吸水率Ｑｉ，含水率ｗｉとから例えば（１）〜（３）式により計算することができる。 FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a structural material. First, in the stock yard 2 (see FIG. 7) or the like before the start of the production of the structural material for one day, the particle size distribution D of the ground material S used in step S201 and the density (surface dry density ρi · The absolute dry density Gi), the water absorption rate Qi, the moisture content wi, etc. are measured, and in step S202, a unit water amount (for example, an intermediate value between the lower limit and the upper limit in FIG. 9) that can ensure the required quality is set. In addition, at the time of manufacture, the ground material S is thrown into the hopper 4 in step S203, the surface water amount W of the ground material S corresponding to the particle size distribution D is calculated in step S204, and the unit water amount and the surface water amount are determined in step S205. A water supply amount (= unit water amount-surface water amount) and a cement amount are added to the ground material S. The surface water amount of the ground material S is obtained by determining the weight ratio Mi for each predetermined particle size i from the particle size distribution D determined in step S201, and the surface dry density for each particle size determined in step S201 by the weight ratio Mi for each particle size. From ρi, water absorption Qi, and moisture content wi, it can be calculated by, for example, the equations (1) to (3).
粒径別の表面水率ωｉ
＝（含水率ｗｉ−吸水率Ｑｉ）／（１＋吸水率Ｑｉ／１００） ………………（１）
粒径別の表面水量Ｗｉ＝表乾密度ρｉ×表面水率ωｉ ……………………………（２）
全粒径の表面水量Ｗ
＝Σ（粒径別の表面水量Ｗｉ×粒径別の重量比Ｍｉ） …………………………（３）
Surface water ratio ωi by particle size
= (Moisture content wi-water absorption rate Qi) / (1 + water absorption rate Qi / 100) (1)
Surface water quantity by particle size Wi = surface dry density ρi × surface water ratio ωi (2)
Surface water volume W of all particle sizes
= Σ (surface water amount by particle size Wi x weight ratio by particle size Mi) ………………………… (3)
図６のステップＳ２０６〜Ｓ２０７は，所定時間（例えば１回／１〜４時間程度）おきに地盤材料Ｓを抜き取り，地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄ及び粒度別の含水率ｗｉを計測する処理を示す。地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄ及び含水率ｗｉを適宜計測しながらステップＳ２０３〜Ｓ２０５を繰り返すことにより，ステップＳ２０４において地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗの変動を把握し，その変動に応じてステップＳ２０５において給水量を調整することができる。（１）〜（３）式に示すように，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗは密度（表乾密度ρｉ・絶乾密度Ｇｉ）及び吸水率Ｑｉによっても変わりうるが，現実的にはそれらの値はほとんど変動しないので，ステップＳ２０１において１回／１日程度計測すれば足り，粒度分布Ｄ及び含水率ｗｉの所定時間おきの計測によって地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗの主な変動を把握することができる。 Steps S206 to S207 in FIG. 6 show processing for extracting the ground material S every predetermined time (for example, about once to about 1 to 4 hours) and measuring the particle size distribution D of the ground material S and the moisture content wi for each particle size. . By repeating steps S203 to S205 while appropriately measuring the particle size distribution D and moisture content wi of the ground material S, the variation in the surface water amount W of the ground material S is grasped in step S204, and the water supply is performed in step S205 according to the variation. The amount can be adjusted. As shown in the equations (1) to (3), the surface water amount W of the ground material S may vary depending on the density (surface dry density ρi / absolute dry density Gi) and the water absorption rate Qi. Therefore, it is sufficient to measure about once per day in step S201, and it is possible to grasp the main fluctuation of the surface water amount W of the ground material S by measuring the particle size distribution D and the moisture content wi every predetermined time. it can.
一般に地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄは，粒径ｄを横軸（対数軸）とし，その粒径ｄ以下の粒状材の全体に対する通過質量百分率Ｐ（ｄ）（粒径ｄより小径の総質量／粒状材全体の総質量×１００。以下，加積通過率ということがある）を縦軸（線形軸）とした片対数グラフ，すなわち図８のような粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）によって表すことができる。図８は，図９の最粗粒標本及び最細粒標本の粒径加積曲線Ｐｒ（ｄ），Ｐｓ（ｄ）を表したものである。図８のような粒径加積曲線Ｐを作成する最も基本的な方法は篩い分けであるが（非特許文献２参照），地盤材料Ｓの篩い分けは非常に手間がかかることから，画像解析技術を用いて地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線を迅速に求める方法が開発されている（特許文献１〜３参照）。画像解析法を用いれば，例えば１回／１０〜６０分程度の頻度で地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ），すなわち粒度分布Ｄを計測することができる。また，その粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）から地盤材料Ｓの所定粒径ｉ別の通過質量百分率Ｐｉ（ｄ）を求め，更にその通過質量百分率Ｐｉ（ｄ）から所定粒径ｉ別の重量比Ｍｉを求めることができる。 In general, the particle size distribution D of the ground material S is such that the particle size d is the horizontal axis (logarithmic axis), and the passing mass percentage P (d) with respect to the entire granular material having the particle size d or less (total mass / diameter smaller than the particle size d / The total mass of the entire granular material × 100 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a cumulative passage rate) is represented by a semi-logarithmic graph having a vertical axis (linear axis), that is, a particle size accumulation curve P (d) as shown in FIG. be able to. FIG. 8 shows the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) of the coarsest grain sample and the finest grain sample of FIG. Although the most basic method for creating the particle size accumulation curve P as shown in FIG. 8 is sieving (see Non-Patent Document 2), sieving the ground material S is very time-consuming, so image analysis A method for quickly obtaining a particle size accumulation curve of the ground material S using a technique has been developed (see Patent Documents 1 to 3). If the image analysis method is used, for example, the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S, that is, the particle size distribution D can be measured at a frequency of about once every 10 to 60 minutes. Further, the passage mass percentage Pi (d) for each predetermined particle diameter i of the ground material S is obtained from the particle diameter accumulation curve P (d), and the weight for each predetermined particle diameter i is further determined from the passage mass percentage Pi (d). The ratio Mi can be determined.
また，地盤材料Ｓの粒度別の含水率ｗｉは，例えば１１０（±５）℃の恒温乾燥炉で乾燥したときに失われる質量から求めることができるが（非特許文献３のＪＩＳＡ１２０３を参照。以下，恒温乾燥炉法ということがある），試験結果を得るために２４時間程度を要する。このため，より迅速な方法として，地盤材料Ｓを電子レンジで乾燥させる含水率試験方法（非特許文献４の地盤工学会基準ＪＧＳ０１２２を参照。以下，電子レンジ法ということがある），及び地盤材料をフライパンで炙って直接加熱する含水率試験方法（非特許文献５参照。以下，フライパン法ということがある）が採用されている。この迅速な方法を用いれば，地盤材料Ｓの粒度別の含水率ｗｉも例えば１回／３０〜６０分程度の頻度で計測することができる。 Moreover, although the moisture content wi according to the particle size of the ground material S can be calculated | required from the mass lost when drying with a constant temperature drying furnace of 110 (+/- 5) degreeC, for example (refer nonpatent literature 3 JISA1203). , Sometimes called constant temperature drying furnace method), it takes about 24 hours to obtain the test results. For this reason, as a quicker method, a moisture content test method for drying the ground material S in a microwave oven (refer to the Geotechnical Society Standard JGS0122 of Non-Patent Document 4, hereinafter referred to as a microwave oven method), and a ground material A moisture content test method (refer to Non-Patent Document 5; hereinafter referred to as “fry pan method”) is employed in which the sample is heated directly in a frying pan. If this rapid method is used, the moisture content wi for each particle size of the ground material S can be measured at a frequency of, for example, about once / 30 to 60 minutes.
図６のステップＳ２０６〜Ｓ２０７において，前述したように画像解析法で地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄを計測し，電子レンジ法又はフライパン法で含水率を計測すれば，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗの変動を１回／３０分程度の頻度で確認しながら給水量を調整することができる。しかし，従来の方法では，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量を連続的に確認することができない問題点がある。地盤材料Ｓを用いた大量且つ高速な施工では，例えば地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗが３０分未満の短時間で想定外に変動する場合も報告されており，品質管理の観点から地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗのバラツキをできるだけ細かく計測・確認することが求められている。地盤材料Ｓを用いた構造物の品質の安定性を確保するため，工事現場に継続的に供給される地盤材料Ｓの表面水量を連続的に確認して要求品質が常に満足されていることを監視できる技術の開発が望まれている。 In steps S206 to S207 of FIG. 6, if the particle size distribution D of the ground material S is measured by the image analysis method as described above, and the water content is measured by the microwave method or the frying pan method, the surface water amount W of the ground material S is calculated. It is possible to adjust the amount of water supply while checking the fluctuation at a frequency of about once / 30 minutes. However, the conventional method has a problem that the surface water amount of the ground material S cannot be continuously confirmed. In large-scale and high-speed construction using the ground material S, for example, the surface water amount W of the ground material S has been reported to change unexpectedly in a short time of less than 30 minutes. It is required to measure and confirm the variation in the surface water amount W as finely as possible. In order to ensure the stability of the quality of the structure using the ground material S, the required quality is always satisfied by continuously checking the surface water volume of the ground material S continuously supplied to the construction site. Development of technology that can be monitored is desired.
そこで本発明の目的は，地盤材料の表面水量をリアルタイムで精度よく管理することができる方法及びシステムを提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and system capable of accurately managing the surface water amount of the ground material in real time.
本発明者は，近赤外光等を用いて含水率を連続的に計測できる技術に着目した（特許文献６，７参照）。例えば図１０に示すように，０．７μｍ〜２．５μｍ程度の波長範囲の近赤外光を含水対象物に照射すると所定波長λｉ（例えばλ１＝１．２μｍ，λ２＝１．４５μｍ，λ３＝１．９４μｍ）において吸収がおこり，その所定波長λｉの反射光又は透過光が対象中の含水率（水分量）に応じて減衰するので，その反射率又は透過率Ｓｉから対象中の含水率を求めることができる。 The inventor of the present invention paid attention to a technique capable of continuously measuring the moisture content using near infrared light or the like (see Patent Documents 6 and 7). For example, as shown in FIG. 10, when near-infrared light in a wavelength range of about 0.7 μm to 2.5 μm is irradiated onto a water-containing object, predetermined wavelengths λi (for example, λ1 = 1.2 μm, λ2 = 1.45 μm, λ3 = 1.94 μm) absorption occurs, and the reflected light or transmitted light of the predetermined wavelength λi attenuates according to the moisture content (moisture content) in the object. Therefore, the moisture content in the object is determined from the reflectance or transmittance Si. Can be sought.
具体的には，（１１）式に示すように所定波長λｉの反射率又は透過率Ｓｉ（以下，単に反射率Ｓｉということがある）と対象中の含水率ｗ０との比例パラメタＰ（（１１）式の係数ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ）を予めキャリブレーションにより検出し，計測対象の所定波長λｉの吸収量Ｓｉを（１１）式へ代入することにより含水率ｗ０を算出する。或いは，特許文献７が記載するように，水分の影響を受けにくい特定波長（参照波長）の反射率又は透過率Ｒ（以下，単に反射率Ｒということがある）を併せて求め，（１２）式に示すように所定波長λｉの反射率Ｓｉと参照波長の反射率Ｒとの差に基づき比例パラメタＰ（（１２）式の係数ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ）をキャリブレーションする。なお，（１１）式及び（１２）式では３つの波長λｉの吸収量Ｓｉから含水率ｗ０を算出しているが，算出に用いる波長λｉの数は１つ，２つ，又は４つ以上としてもよい。 Specifically, as shown in the equation (11), a proportional parameter P ((11) between the reflectance or transmittance Si of a predetermined wavelength λi (hereinafter, simply referred to as reflectance Si) and the moisture content w0 in the object. The moisture content w0 is calculated by detecting the coefficients a, b, c, d) of the equation (1) in advance by calibration and substituting the absorption amount Si of the predetermined wavelength λi to be measured into the equation (11). Alternatively, as described in Patent Document 7, the reflectance or transmittance R (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as reflectance R) of a specific wavelength (reference wavelength) that is not easily affected by moisture is also obtained. (12) As shown in the equation, the proportional parameter P (coefficients a, b, c, d in equation (12)) is calibrated based on the difference between the reflectance Si of the predetermined wavelength λi and the reflectance R of the reference wavelength. In the equations (11) and (12), the water content w0 is calculated from the absorption amounts Si of the three wavelengths λi. The number of wavelengths λi used for the calculation is one, two, or four or more. Also good.
ｗ０＝ａ・Ｓ１＋ｂ・Ｓ２＋ｃ・Ｓ３＋ｄ ………………………………………（１１）
ｗ０＝ａ・ｌｎ（Ｒ／Ｓ１）＋ｂ・ｌｎ（Ｒ／Ｓ２）
＋ｃ・ｌｎ（Ｒ／Ｓ３）＋ｄ ……………………（１２）
w0 = a · S1 + b · S2 + c · S3 + d ……………………………………… (11)
w0 = a · ln (R / S1) + b · ln (R / S2)
+ C · ln (R / S3) + d (12)
例えば，近赤外光を用いた含水率計測装置を工事現場の地盤材料Ｓの搬送路（コンベアベルト等）に設置し，継続的に供給される地盤材料Ｓに近赤外光を照射し続ければ，その反射率Ｓｉ，Ｒから地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測することができる。ただし，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量は，前述した（１）〜（３）式に基づき粒度別の含水率ｗｉから粒度分布Ｄに応じて計算する必要があるのに対し，近赤外光の照射等によって連続的に計測できる含水率ｗ０は全ての粒度を対象としたものであり，全粒径範囲にわたる含水率ｗ０から表面水量を計算すると誤差が大きくなってしまう問題点がある。様々な粒径の混在する地盤材料Ｓの表面水量の変動を精度よく求めるためには，全粒径の含水率ｗ０を粒度別の含水率ｗｉに変換したうえで表面水量Ｗを計算することが必要である。本発明は，この着想に基づく研究開発の結果，完成に至ったものである。 For example, a moisture content measuring device using near-infrared light can be installed in the conveyance path (conveyor belt, etc.) of the ground material S at the construction site, and the continuously supplied ground material S can be irradiated with near-infrared light. For example, the moisture content w0 of the ground material S can be continuously measured from the reflectances Si and R. However, the surface water amount of the ground material S needs to be calculated according to the particle size distribution D from the moisture content wi for each particle size based on the above-mentioned formulas (1) to (3), whereas irradiation with near infrared light The water content w0 that can be continuously measured by the above method is intended for all particle sizes, and there is a problem that the error increases when the surface water amount is calculated from the water content w0 over the entire particle size range. In order to accurately determine the fluctuation of the surface water content of the ground material S with various particle sizes, it is necessary to calculate the surface water content W after converting the water content w0 of all particle sizes into the water content wi for each particle size. is necessary. The present invention has been completed as a result of research and development based on this idea.
図１の実施例及び図２の流れ図を参照するに，本発明による地盤材料の表面水量管理方法は，工事現場に継続的に供給される様々な粒径の混在する地盤材料Ｓの所定粒径φ１〜φ６別の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ６を予め求めて記憶し（図２のステップＳ１０１），供給される地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測し（ステップＳ１０６），供給される地盤材料Ｓの一部を所定時間ｔおきに抜き取って粒度分布Ｄを検出し（ステップＳ１０９），地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０と記憶した粒径別含水率中の所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５とから粒度分布Ｄに応じて所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗ６を算出し（ステップＳ１１１），記憶した所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５と算出した所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗ６とに基づき地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで推定してなるものである（ステップＳ１１２）。 Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the flow chart of FIG. 2, the surface water volume management method of the ground material according to the present invention is a predetermined particle size of the ground material S mixed with various particle sizes continuously supplied to the construction site. The water content w1 to w6 for each of φ1 to φ6 is obtained in advance and stored (step S101 in FIG. 2), and the water content w0 of the entire particle size range of the ground material S to be supplied is continuously measured (step S106). Part of the supplied ground material S is extracted every predetermined time t to detect the particle size distribution D (step S109), and the water content w0 of the entire particle size range of the ground material S and the stored water content by particle size The water content w6 of the predetermined particle diameter φ6 or less is calculated from the water content w1 to w5 of the predetermined particle diameter φ6 or more according to the particle size distribution D (step S111), and the stored water content w1 to w5 of the predetermined particle diameter φ6 or more is calculated. based calculated in a predetermined particle diameter φ6 following moisture content w6 In which by comprising estimating the surface water W of the board material S in real time (step S112).
また，図１のブロック図を参照するに，本発明による地盤材料の表面水量管理システムは，工事現場に継続的に供給される様々な粒径の混在する地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測する含水率計測装置２０，供給される地盤材料Ｓの一部を所定時間ｔおきに抜き取って粒度分布Ｄを検出する粒度分布検出装置３０，地盤材料Ｓの予め求めた所定粒径φ１〜φ６別の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ６を記憶する記憶手段１６，地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０と記憶した粒径別含水率中の所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５とから粒度分布Ｄに応じて所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗｉを算出する算出手段２１，及び記憶した所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５と算出した所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗ６とに基づき地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで推定する推定手段２４を備えてなるものである。 In addition, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 1, the ground material surface water volume management system according to the present invention has a water content in the entire particle size range of the ground material S mixed with various particle sizes continuously supplied to the construction site. The moisture content measuring device 20 for continuously measuring the rate w0, the particle size distribution detecting device 30 for detecting a particle size distribution D by extracting a part of the supplied ground material S every predetermined time t, and the ground material S were obtained in advance. Storage means 16 for storing the moisture content w1 to w6 for each predetermined particle size φ1 to φ6, the moisture content w0 for the entire particle size range of the ground material S and the moisture content for the predetermined particle size φ6 or more in the stored moisture content for each particle size The calculating means 21 for calculating the moisture content wi of the predetermined particle diameter φ6 or less from the w1 to w5 according to the particle size distribution D, and the stored moisture content w1 to w5 of the predetermined particle diameter φ6 or more and the calculated predetermined particle diameter φ6 or less. the surface water W of the ground material S based on the water content w6 It is made comprising an estimation means 24 for estimating in real time.
好ましくは，含水率計測装置２０を，地盤材料Ｓに近赤外光を照射したときの所定波長λｉの反射率又は透過率Ｓｉ，Ｒから地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０を計測する計測装置とする。 Preferably, the moisture content measuring device 20 is a measuring device that measures the moisture content w0 of the ground material S from the reflectance or transmittance Si, R of the predetermined wavelength λi when the ground material S is irradiated with near infrared light. .
更に好ましくは，算出手段２１において，地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０から前記所定時間ｔにおける含水率ｗ０の平均値を求め，その含水率ｗ０の平均値と前記記憶した所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５とから粒度分布Ｄに応じた所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗ６を算出する。望ましい実施例では，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗの管理基準値Ｃを記憶する記憶手段１６を設け，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量推定値Ｗと管理基準値Ｃとを比較して地盤材料Ｓの適否を判定する判定手段２５を設けることができる。 More preferably, the calculation means 21 obtains an average value of the moisture content w0 at the predetermined time t from the moisture content w0 of the entire particle size range of the ground material S, and the average value of the moisture content w0 and the stored predetermined particle size A water content w6 having a predetermined particle diameter φ6 or less corresponding to the particle size distribution D is calculated from the water contents w1 to w5 having φ6 or more . In a preferred embodiment, storage means 16 is provided for storing the management reference value C of the surface water amount W of the ground material S, and the appropriateness of the ground material S is compared by comparing the estimated surface water amount W of the ground material S with the management reference value C. It is possible to provide a determination means 25 for determining the above.
本発明による地盤材料の表面水量管理方法及びシステムは，様々な粒径の混在する地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測し，供給される地盤材料Ｓの一部を所定時間ｔおきに抜き取って粒度分布Ｄを検出し，地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０と予め記憶した地盤材料Ｓの所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５とから粒度分布Ｄに応じて所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗ６を算出し，記憶した所定粒径φ６以上の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５と算出した所定粒径φ６以下の含水率ｗ６とに基づき地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで推定するので，次の効果を奏する。 The ground material surface water volume management method and system according to the present invention continuously measures the water content w0 of the entire particle size range of the ground material S having various particle sizes, and a part of the supplied ground material S is measured. The particle size distribution D is detected by sampling every predetermined time t, and the particle size distribution D is determined from the water content w0 of the entire particle size range of the ground material S and the water content w1 to w5 of the ground material S stored in advance having a predetermined particle diameter φ6 or more. surface water of a predetermined particle diameter φ6 following to calculate the water content w6, ground material S based on a predetermined particle diameter φ6 following moisture content w6 calculated with a predetermined diameter φ6 more water content w1~w5 stored in accordance with the Since W is estimated in real time, the following effects are obtained.
（イ）地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０の連続的な計測値を所定粒径別の含水率ｗｉに変換し，その粒径別の含水率ｗｉに基づき地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを推定するので，継続的に供給される地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを精度よく推定することができる。
（ロ）地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測できるＲＩ（ラジオアイソトープ）計器等を用いることも可能であるが，近赤外光を用いた含水率計測装置を用いることにより，地盤材料Ｓの搬送路（ベルトコンベア等）において含水率ｗ０をリアルタイムに且つ精度よく計測することが可能となる。
（ハ）地盤材料Ｓの含水量は，粒径の大きい部分は含水率が比較的小さく，粒径の小さい部分の含水率が支配的である特徴を有しているので，地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０から所定粒径（例えば粒径５ｍｍ）以下の含水率ｗｎを算出し，その所定粒径以下の含水率ｗｎによって地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを推定することにより，簡易・迅速に表面水量Ｗを管理することができる。
(B) Since the continuous measurement value of the moisture content w0 of the ground material S is converted into the moisture content wi for each predetermined particle size, the surface water amount W of the ground material S is estimated based on the moisture content wi for each particle size. , The surface water amount W of the ground material S that is continuously supplied can be accurately estimated.
(B) Although it is possible to use a RI (radioisotope) instrument that can continuously measure the moisture content w0 of the ground material S, the ground material can be obtained by using a moisture content measuring device using near-infrared light. It is possible to accurately measure the water content w0 in real time on the S transport path (belt conveyor or the like).
(C) The water content of the ground material S is characterized in that the water content of the portion with a large particle size is relatively small and the water content of the portion with a small particle size is dominant. By calculating the water content wn of a predetermined particle size (for example, particle size 5 mm) or less from the rate w0 and estimating the surface water amount W of the ground material S from the water content wn of the predetermined particle size or less, the surface water amount is simply and quickly W can be managed.
（ニ）地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０の連続的な計測値は細かく変動することもあるが，例えば粒度分布Ｄを検出する所定時間ｔにおける移動平均値を含水率ｗ０とすることにより，含水率ｗ０の計測精度の低下を抑えることができる。
（ホ）順次供給される地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで推定しつつ管理基準値Ｃと比較することにより，要求品質を満足しない地盤材料Ｓの混入を監視し，既往の技術では把握することが困難であった構造物の品質不良を減少させることができる。
（ヘ）また，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで把握することで変動傾向を迅速に把握し，供給水の調整等の対策を早期に講じることが可能となり，ひいては土木構造物の品質の安定性を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
(D) Although the continuous measurement value of the moisture content w0 of the ground material S may fluctuate finely, for example, by setting the moving average value at a predetermined time t for detecting the particle size distribution D as the moisture content w0, A decrease in the measurement accuracy of w0 can be suppressed.
(E) The contamination of the ground material S that does not satisfy the required quality is monitored by grasping the surface water amount W of the ground material S to be sequentially supplied and compared with the management reference value C while grasping it with the existing technology. It is possible to reduce the quality defect of the structure which has been difficult to do.
(F) In addition, by grasping the surface water amount W of the ground material S in real time, it is possible to quickly grasp the fluctuation tendency and take measures such as adjustment of the supply water at an early stage. Stability can be dramatically improved.
以下，添付図面を参照して本発明を実施するための形態及び実施例を説明する。
図１は，工事現場付近で調達し又は発生した地盤材料Ｓを原材料として構造材料（ＣＳＧ，セメント改良土，コンクリート等）を製造する工事現場に本発明の表面水量管理システムを適用した実施例を示す。図示例のシステムは，地盤材料Ｓの全粒径範囲の含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測する含水率計測装置２０ａと，地盤材料Ｓの一部を所定時間ｔおきに抜き取って粒度分布Ｄを検出する粒度分布検出装置３０と，計測装置２０の計測値及び検出装置３０の検出値を入力して地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを推定するコンピュータ１０とを有する。 FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the surface water amount management system of the present invention is applied to a construction site where a structural material (CSG, cement-improved soil, concrete, etc.) is manufactured using the ground material S procured or generated near the construction site as a raw material. Show. The system of the illustrated example detects the particle size distribution D by extracting a portion of the ground material S every predetermined time t with a moisture content measuring device 20a that continuously measures the moisture content w0 of the entire particle size range of the ground material S. And a computer 10 that estimates the surface water amount W of the ground material S by inputting the measurement value of the measurement device 20 and the detection value of the detection device 30.
図６及び図７を参照して前述したように，現場付近で調達された地盤材料Ｓは運搬機械３により工事現場に順次搬入されて現場のホッパー４に投入されるが，例えば，そのホッパー４から混合装置５（ミキサー，図７参照）までの地盤材料Ｓの搬送路（例えばベルトコンベア）４１〜４３上に含水率計測装置２０ａを設置し，その搬送路４１，４３の間に搬送路４２と並行に設けた抜き取り路（例えばベルトコンベア）４５上に粒度分布検出装置３０を設置し，それらの計測値及び検出値をコンピュータ１０に入力して地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムに推定する。 As described above with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, the ground material S procured in the vicinity of the site is sequentially carried into the construction site by the transport machine 3 and is put into the hopper 4 at the site. For example, the hopper 4 To the mixing device 5 (mixer, see FIG. 7), the moisture content measuring device 20a is installed on the conveying paths (for example, belt conveyors) 41 to 43 of the ground material S, and the conveying path 42 between the conveying paths 41 and 43 is installed. The particle size distribution detection device 30 is installed on an extraction path (for example, a belt conveyor) 45 provided in parallel with the sensor, and the measured value and the detected value are input to the computer 10 to estimate the surface water amount W of the ground material S in real time. .
図示例の含水率計測装置２０ａは，図１０を参照して前述したように，近赤外光を照射したときの所定波長λｉの反射率Ｓｉ，Ｒから含水率を連続的に計測する装置とすることができる。例えば所定波長範囲の近赤外光を出力する光源ランプと，その出力光を地盤材料Ｓに照射する光学系と，地盤材料Ｓからの反射光中の所定波長（及び参照波長）λｉの光量を電気信号（反射率）Ｓｉ，Ｒに変換する受光素子と，地盤材料Ｓの反射光を受光素子まで導く光学系とを備え，変換された電気信号Ｓｉ，Ｒをコンピュータ１０の算出手段２１に入力して含水率を求める。 The moisture content measuring apparatus 20a in the illustrated example is an apparatus that continuously measures the moisture content from the reflectances Si and R of a predetermined wavelength λi when irradiated with near infrared light, as described above with reference to FIG. can do. For example, a light source lamp that outputs near-infrared light in a predetermined wavelength range, an optical system that irradiates the ground material S with the output light, and a light amount of a predetermined wavelength (and reference wavelength) λi in the reflected light from the ground material S. A light receiving element that converts electrical signals (reflectances) into Si and R, and an optical system that guides the reflected light of the ground material S to the light receiving elements, and the converted electrical signals Si and R are input to the calculation means 21 of the computer 10. To obtain the moisture content.
近赤外光を用いた含水率計測装置２０ａに代えて，例えばホッパー４にＲＩ（ラジオアイソトープ）計器を設置し，地盤材料Ｓに放射線（中性子線）を照射したときの反射放射線から含水率を連続的に計測することも可能である（特許文献４，５参照）。ただし，ＲＩ計器は材料投入ホッパーなどの隅角部において含水率を計測するため，その隅角部の内側に地盤材料Ｓが閉塞又は付着しやすく，その閉塞又は付着した地盤材料Ｓの含水率が常に計測されて誤差が大きくなりうる。近赤外光を用いた含水率計測装置２０ａは，地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０をリアルタイムに且つ精度よく計測できる利点を有している。 Instead of the moisture content measuring device 20a using near infrared light, for example, an RI (radioisotope) instrument is installed in the hopper 4, and the moisture content is calculated from the reflected radiation when the ground material S is irradiated with radiation (neutron rays). It is also possible to measure continuously (see Patent Documents 4 and 5). However, since the RI meter measures the moisture content at the corners of the material input hopper, etc., the ground material S tends to clog or adhere inside the corners, and the moisture content of the clogged or adhered ground material S is It is always measured and the error can be large. The moisture content measuring device 20a using near-infrared light has an advantage that the moisture content w0 of the ground material S can be accurately measured in real time.
図示例の粒度分布検出装置３０は，抜き取った地盤材料Ｓを薄く撒き出して画像を撮影し，その撒き出し画像から画像解析技術により地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成するものとすることができる。例えば地盤材料Ｓの撒き出し画像Ｇを撮像装置で撮影し，その撒き出し画像をコンピュータ１０の検出手段３１に入力して粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成する。 The particle size distribution detection device 30 in the illustrated example squeezes the extracted ground material S thinly to photograph an image, and creates a particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S from the squeezed image by image analysis technology. Can be. For example, a squeezed image G of the ground material S is photographed by an imaging device, and the squeezed image is input to the detection means 31 of the computer 10 to create a particle size accumulation curve P (d).
好ましくは，特許文献３が開示するように，コンピュータ１０の検出手段３１において，撒き出し画像から地盤材料Ｓ中の各粒状材の輪郭を検出し，そのうち複数の所定粒径ｄｉについて地盤材料Ｓの全体面積Ｅに対するその粒径ｄｉ以上の粒状材の面積割合（＝Σｅ／Ｅ）を粒度インデクスＩｉとして算出し，その各粒径ｄｉの粒度インデクスＩｉを加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）に変換して粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成する。このように粒度インデクスＩｉを加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）に変換するため，コンピュータ１０の記憶手段１６に，地盤材料Ｓの複数の所定粒径ｄｉの粒度インデクスＩｉとその粒径ｄｉ以下の粒状材の加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）との関係式Ｋを記憶しておく。この粒度インデクスＩｉについての詳細は特許文献３に記載されている。 Preferably, as disclosed in Patent Document 3, the detection means 31 of the computer 10 detects the contour of each granular material in the ground material S from the rolled-out image, and among them, the ground material S of a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di is detected. The area ratio (= Σe / E) of the granular material with the particle size di or larger with respect to the total area E is calculated as the particle size index Ii, and the particle size index Ii of each particle size di is converted into a product passage rate P (di). Thus, a particle size accumulation curve P (d) is created. Thus, in order to convert the particle size index Ii into the accumulation passage rate P (di), the storage means 16 of the computer 10 stores the particle size index Ii of a plurality of predetermined particle diameters di of the ground material S and the particles having the particle diameters di or less. A relational expression K with the accumulated passing rate P (di) of the material is stored. Details of the granularity index Ii are described in Patent Document 3.
図示例のコンピュータ１０は，キーボード等の入力装置１１と，ディスプレイ等の出力装置１２と，一次又は二次記憶装置等の記憶手段１６とを有する。記憶装置１６には，後述する地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを算出するための粒径ｉ別の密度（表乾密度ρｉ・絶乾密度Ｇｉ），吸水率Ｑｉ等を記憶し，必要に応じて前述した地盤材料Ｓの粒度インデクスＩｉを加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）に変換するための関係式Ｋ等を記憶する。 The computer 10 in the illustrated example includes an input device 11 such as a keyboard, an output device 12 such as a display, and storage means 16 such as a primary or secondary storage device. The storage device 16 stores the density (surface dry density ρi, absolute dry density Gi) for each particle size i for calculating the surface water amount W of the ground material S, which will be described later, the water absorption rate Qi, and the like. A relational expression K or the like for converting the above-described grain size index Ii of the ground material S into a cumulative passage rate P (di) is stored.
また図示例のコンピュータ１０は，内蔵プログラムとして，入力装置１１から必要なデータを入力する入力手段１４と，地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０から粒度分布Ｄに応じて所定粒径別の含水率ｗｉを算出する算出手段２１と，その粒径別の含水率ｗｉに基づき地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで推定する推定手段２４と，推定された表面水量Ｗ等を出力装置１２に表示する出力手段１５とを有する。前述したように画像解析技術により地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成する粒度分布検出装置３０を用いる場合は，コンピュータ１０に地盤材料Ｓの撒き出し画像から粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成する検出手段３１を含め，必要に応じて撒き出し画像から粒度インデクスＩｉを算出する算出手段３２を含めることができる。 Further, the computer 10 in the illustrated example has an input unit 14 for inputting necessary data from the input device 11 as a built-in program, and a moisture content wi for each predetermined particle size according to the particle size distribution D from the moisture content w0 of the ground material S. The calculating means 21 for calculating, the estimating means 24 for estimating the surface water amount W of the ground material S in real time based on the water content wi for each particle size, and the output means for displaying the estimated surface water amount W and the like on the output device 12 15. As described above, in the case of using the particle size distribution detector 30 that creates the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S by the image analysis technique, the particle size accumulation curve is obtained from the ground image of the ground material S in the computer 10. A detection means 31 for creating P (d) can be included, and a calculation means 32 for calculating the granularity index Ii from the extracted image can be included as necessary.
図２は，図１のシステムを用いて地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを管理する方法の流れ図を示す。以下，図２の流れ図を参照して図１のシステムを説明する。図２のステップＳ１０１〜Ｓ１０４は，ストックヤード２（図７参照）等において構造材料の製造開始前（前日等）に行う地盤材料Ｓの試験を示している。先ずステップＳ１０１において，１回／１日程度の頻度で地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄ（粒径別の重量比Ｍｉ），粒径別の密度（表乾密度ρｉ・絶乾密度Ｇｉ），吸水率Ｑｉ，含水率ｗｉ等を計測し，ステップＳ１０２において，所要品質の構造材料を得るために確保すべき単位水量を設定する（図６のステップＳ２０１〜Ｓ２０２と同様）。 FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for managing the surface water amount W of the ground material S using the system of FIG. The system of FIG. 1 will be described below with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Steps S101 to S104 in FIG. 2 show a test of the ground material S that is performed in the stock yard 2 (see FIG. 7) or the like before the start of manufacturing the structural material (the day before, etc.). First, in step S101, the particle size distribution D (weight ratio Mi for each particle size), the density for each particle size (surface dry density ρi, absolute dry density Gi), and the water absorption rate at a frequency of once per day. Qi, moisture content wi, and the like are measured, and in step S102, a unit water amount to be secured in order to obtain a structural material having a required quality is set (similar to steps S201 to S202 in FIG. 6).
ステップＳ１０１における粒度分布Ｄの計測は，時間をかけることが可能であるから，最も基本的な篩い分け法で計測することが望ましい（非特許文献２参照）。また，ステップＳ１０１における含水率ｗｉの計測も，時間をかけることが可能であるから，恒温乾燥炉法（非特許文献３参照）で計測することが望ましいが，電子レンジ法（非特許文献４参照）又はフライパン法（非特許文献５参照）で計測することも可能である。 Since the measurement of the particle size distribution D in step S101 can take time, it is desirable to measure by the most basic sieving method (see Non-Patent Document 2). Moreover, since measurement of the moisture content wi in step S101 can also take time, it is desirable to measure by the constant temperature drying furnace method (refer nonpatent literature 3), but the microwave oven method (refer nonpatent literature 4). ) Or a frying pan method (see Non-Patent Document 5).
図３は，ステップＳ１０１で計測する地盤材料Ｓの計測値テーブルの一例を示す。図示例のテーブルは，地盤材料Ｓのサンプルを適当な篩い分け装置によって所定粒径範囲別（粒径８０ｍｍ以上，４０〜８０ｍｍ，２０〜４０ｍｍ，１０〜２０ｍｍ，５〜１０ｍｍ，５ｍｍ以下）の６つの粒径別材料φ１〜φ６に分割し，各粒径範囲別に粒度分布Ｄに基づく重量比Ｍｉ，表乾密度ρｉ，絶乾密度Ｇｉ，吸水率Ｑｉ，含水率ｗｉを計測したものである。計測結果は，コンピュータ１０の記憶手段１６に記憶しておく。これらの計測値から，ステップＳ１０２で確保すべき単位水量を設定することができる。また，前述した（１）〜（３）式により地盤材料Ｓの各粒径範囲別の表面水率ω及び表面水量Ｗを計算することがもできる。 FIG. 3 shows an example of a measurement value table of the ground material S measured in step S101. The table of the illustrated example is a sample of the ground material S 6 according to a predetermined particle size range (particle size 80 mm or more, 40 to 80 mm, 20 to 40 mm, 10 to 20 mm, 5 to 10 mm, 5 mm or less) by an appropriate sieving device. The material is divided into two particle size materials φ1 to φ6, and the weight ratio Mi, surface dry density ρi, absolute dry density Gi, water absorption rate Qi, and moisture content wi based on the particle size distribution D are measured for each particle size range. The measurement result is stored in the storage unit 16 of the computer 10. From these measured values, the unit water amount to be secured in step S102 can be set. Further, the surface water ratio ω and the surface water amount W for each particle size range of the ground material S can be calculated by the above-described equations (1) to (3).
図３のテーブルのうち，粒度分布Ｄに基づく粒径別の重量比Ｍｉは後述するステップＳ１０９において所定時間ｔ（例えば５〜１０分）おきに更新される。また，各粒径別の含水率ｗｉは後述するステップＳ１１１において連続的に更新される。なお，各粒径別の粒径範囲は図示例に限定されるわけではなく，表面水量の推定精度向上等の観点から任意に設定可能である。 In the table of FIG. 3, the weight ratio Mi for each particle size based on the particle size distribution D is updated every predetermined time t (for example, 5 to 10 minutes) in step S109 described later. Further, the moisture content wi for each particle size is continuously updated in step S111 described later. The particle size range for each particle size is not limited to the illustrated example, and can be arbitrarily set from the viewpoint of improving the estimation accuracy of the surface water amount.
図２のステップＳ１０３は，近赤外光を照射する含水率計測装置２０ａを用いる場合に，地盤材料Ｓの所定波長λｉの反射率Ｓｉ，Ｒからその地盤材料Ｓの全粒径の含水率ｗ０を算出するためのパラメタＰを検出する処理を示す。好ましい実施例では，図３の各粒径別材料φ１〜φ６の各々に近赤外光を照射し，所定波長λｉの反射率Ｓｉ，Ｒと粒径別材料φｉの含水率Ｗｉとの比例パラメタＰｉ（（１１）式又は（１２）式を満たす係数ａｉ，ｂｉ，ｃｉ，ｄｉ）を検出する。そのうえで，図５及び（２１）式に示すように，その各粒径別材料φｉの比例パラメタＰｉを，粒径別材料φｉ毎の粒径範囲に応じて重み付け（Ｉｉ）して合成パラメタＰ（図５及び（２１）式の合成パラメタΣ（Ｉｉ・ａｉ），Σ（Ｉｉ・ｂｉ），Σ（Ｉｉ・ｃｉ），Σ（Ｉｉ・ｄｉ）＝係数Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ）を作成する。 In step S103 of FIG. 2, when the moisture content measuring device 20a that irradiates near infrared light is used, the moisture content w0 of the total particle size of the ground material S from the reflectance Si, R of the ground material S at a predetermined wavelength λi. The process which detects the parameter P for calculating A is shown. In the preferred embodiment, each of the particle size materials φ1 to φ6 in FIG. 3 is irradiated with near infrared light, and the proportionality parameter between the reflectance Si, R of the predetermined wavelength λi and the moisture content Wi of the particle size material φi. Pi (coefficients ai, bi, ci, di) satisfying equation (11) or equation (12) is detected. 5 and (21), the proportional parameter Pi of each particle size-specific material φi is weighted (Ii) according to the particle size range for each particle size-specific material φi, and the composite parameter P ( The synthesis parameters Σ (Ii · ai), Σ (Ii · bi), Σ (Ii · ci), and Σ (Ii · di) = coefficients A, B, C, and D) in FIG. .
ｗ０＝Σ（Ｉｉ・ｗｉ）
＝Σ（Ｉｉ・（ａｉ・Ｓｘ＋ｂｉ・Ｓｙ＋ｃｉ・Ｓｚ＋ｄｉ）
＝Σ（Ｉｉ・ａｉ）・Ｓｘ＋Σ（Ｉｉ・ｂｉ）・Ｓｙ
＋Σ（Ｉｉ・ｃｉ）・Ｓｚ＋Σ（Ｉｉ・ｄｉ） ……………………………（２１）
w0 = Σ (Ii · wi)
= Σ (Ii · (ai · Sx + bi · Sy + ci · Sz + di)
= Σ (Ii · ai) · Sx + Σ (Ii · bi) · Sy
+ Σ (Ii · ci) · Sz + Σ (Ii · di) …………………………… (21)
例えばステップＳ１０３において，各粒径別材料φｉの粒度分布Ｄに応じた重量比を重み付けＩｉとして粒径別材料φｉ毎の比例パラメタＰｉから合成パラメタＰを作成することにより，恒温乾燥炉法（或いは電子レンジ法又はフライパン法）を用いた含水率試験と高い相関性のある含水率ｗ０を求めることができる。また，重量比に代えて，粒度分布Ｄに応じた体積比，表面積比，平均粒径，その何れかと当該構成材料の吸水率との積，又はそれらの逆数を重み付けＩｉとして合成パラメタＰを作成することも可能である。このような合成パラメタＰの詳細は，本出願人の先願である特願２０１３−１５８０９３に記載されている。 For example, in step S103, the composition parameter P is created from the proportional parameter Pi for each particle size-specific material φi with the weight ratio corresponding to the particle size distribution D of the particle size-specific material φi as a weight Ii. A moisture content w0 having a high correlation with a moisture content test using a microwave oven method or a frying pan method can be obtained. Also, instead of the weight ratio, a composite parameter P is created with the weight Ii as the weight ratio Ii, which is the volume ratio, the surface area ratio, the average particle diameter, or the product of the water absorption rate of the constituent material, or the inverse of them. It is also possible to do. Details of such a synthesis parameter P are described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-158093 which is a prior application of the present applicant.
図２のステップＳ１０４は，画像解析技術により地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成する粒度分布検出装置３０を用いる場合に，地盤材料Ｓの粒度インデクスＩｉとその粒径ｄｉ以下の粒状材の加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）との関係式Ｋを検出する処理を示す。具体的には，先ず地盤材料Ｓのサンプル中の複数の粒径ｄｉ（例えば図３の各粒径別材料φｉの境界である５ｍｍ，１０ｍｍ，２０ｍｍ，４０ｍｍ，８０ｍｍ）について，各々の粒径ｄｉ以下の粒状材の加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）を篩い分け法により求める。次いで，地盤材料Ｓのサンプルの撒き出し画像から各粒状材の輪郭を検出し，その複数の粒径ｄｉ（例えば５ｍｍ，１０ｍｍ，２０ｍｍ，４０ｍｍ，８０ｍｍ）について，それぞれ各粒径ｄｉ以上の粒状材の面積の総和Σｅを求め，撒き出し画像全体の面積Ｅに対する粒径ｄｉ以上の粒状材の面積割合（＝Σｅ／Ｅ）を各粒径ｄｉの粒度インデクスＩｉとして算出する。そのうえで，各粒径ｄｉの加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）と粒度インデクスＩｉとを二次平面上にプロットし，加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）を目的変数（従属変数）とし粒度インデクスＩｉを説明変数（独立変数）とする適切な回帰モデル（例えば粒度インデックスの多項式（多次元回帰モデル），対数関数，べき関数，指数関数等）を設定して関係式Ｋを検出する。検出した関係式Ｋはコンピュータ１０の記憶手段１６に記憶しておく。このような関係式Ｋの作成方法の詳細は特許文献３に記載されている。 Step S104 in FIG. 2 is the particle size index Ii of the ground material S and its particle size di or less when using the particle size distribution detector 30 that creates the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S by image analysis technology. The process which detects the relational expression K with the accumulation passage rate P (di) of the granular material of is shown. Specifically, first, for each of a plurality of particle diameters di (for example, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm, and 80 mm, which are boundaries of each particle diameter material φi in FIG. 3) in the sample of the ground material S, each particle diameter di. The following accumulation passage rate P (di) of the granular material is obtained by a sieving method. Next, the contour of each granular material is detected from the spread image of the sample of the ground material S, and for each of the plurality of particle diameters di (for example, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm, and 80 mm), the granular materials each having a particle diameter di or larger. Is calculated, and the area ratio (= Σe / E) of the granular material having the particle size di or more with respect to the area E of the entire rolled-out image is calculated as the particle size index Ii of each particle size di. After that, the cumulative passage rate P (di) and the particle size index Ii of each particle size di are plotted on the secondary plane, and the granularity index Ii is explained with the cumulative passage rate P (di) as an objective variable (dependent variable). An appropriate regression model (for example, a polynomial with a granularity index (multidimensional regression model), a logarithmic function, a power function, an exponential function, etc.) is set as a variable (independent variable), and the relational expression K is detected. The detected relational expression K is stored in the storage unit 16 of the computer 10. Details of the method of creating such a relational expression K are described in Patent Document 3.
なお，ステップＳ１０３〜Ｓ１０４のパラメタＰ及び関係式Ｋの検出は，必ずしも毎日行う必要はなく，例えば適当な期間毎に地盤材料Ｓのサンプルを用いて検出し，検出したパラメタＰ及び関係式Ｋを現場のコンピュータ１０に入力して記憶手段１６に記憶しておけば足りる。この場合は，ステップＳ１０３〜Ｓ１０４は省略可能であり，ステップＳ１０１に先立ってパラメタＰ及び関係式Ｋをコンピュータ１０に入力するステップを設ければ足りる。 The detection of the parameter P and the relational expression K in steps S103 to S104 is not necessarily performed every day. For example, the parameter P and the relational expression K are detected by using a sample of the ground material S at appropriate intervals. It suffices if it is input to the on-site computer 10 and stored in the storage means 16. In this case, steps S103 to S104 can be omitted, and it is sufficient to provide a step for inputting the parameter P and the relational expression K to the computer 10 prior to step S101.
図２のステップＳ１０５〜Ｓ１１２は，採取場１から現場に継続的に供給される地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをリアルタイムで連続的に求める処理を示す。先ずステップＳ１０５において現場に搬入された地盤材料Ｓをホッパー４へ投入し，ステップＳ１０６において搬送路（例えばベルトコンベア）４１〜４３上に設置した含水率計測装置２０ａにより地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０を連続的に計測する。例えば，搬送路４１〜４３上を移動する地盤材料Ｓに近赤外光を照射したときの所定波長λｉの反射率Ｓｉ，Ｒを求めてコンピュータ１０の算出手段２１に入力し，算出手段２１の計測手段２２により，その反射率Ｓｉ，ＲとステップＳ１０３で求めた比例パラメタ（図５及び（２１）式の合成パラメタ）Ｐとから含水率ｗ０を算出することができる。 Steps S <b> 105 to S <b> 112 in FIG. 2 indicate processing for continuously obtaining the surface water amount W of the ground material S continuously supplied from the collection site 1 to the site in real time. First, in step S105, the ground material S carried into the site is put into the hopper 4, and in step S106, the moisture content measuring device 20a installed on the conveyance paths (for example, belt conveyors) 41 to 43 sets the moisture content w0 of the ground material S. Measure continuously. For example, the reflectance Si, R of a predetermined wavelength λi when the ground material S moving on the transport paths 41 to 43 is irradiated with near-infrared light is obtained and input to the calculating means 21 of the computer 10. The moisture content w0 can be calculated by the measuring means 22 from the reflectances Si and R and the proportional parameter (combined parameter in the equations (5) and (21)) P obtained in step S103.
次いでステップＳ１０７において，所定時間ｔおきに地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄを検出するか否かを判断し，前回の検出から所定時間ｔが経過している場合はステップＳ１０８〜１０９へ進み，搬送路４１〜４３から抜き取り路４５へ地盤材料Ｓの一部を抜き取って粒度分布検出装置３０により粒度分布Ｄを検出する。図示例の抜き取り路４５は，地盤材料Ｓを積載する容器４６が移動可能に設けられており，その容器４６を積載位置４７ａ，起振位置４７ｂ，重量計測位置４７ｃ，撮影位置４７ｄ，返送位置４７ｅに順番に移動させる。 Next, in step S107, it is determined whether or not the particle size distribution D of the ground material S is detected every predetermined time t. If the predetermined time t has passed since the previous detection, the process proceeds to steps S108 to S109. A part of the ground material S is extracted from 41 to 43 to the extraction path 45, and the particle size distribution detection device 30 detects the particle size distribution D. In the illustrated extraction path 45, a container 46 on which the ground material S is loaded is movably provided. The container 46 is placed at a loading position 47a, a vibration position 47b, a weight measurement position 47c, a photographing position 47d, and a return position 47e. Move in order.
ステップＳ１０８では，先ず抜き取り路４５の積載位置４７ａにおいて，搬送路４１〜４３から抜き取った地盤材料Ｓを容器４６に積載し，起振位置４７ｂにおいて，容器４６に適当な振動を加えることにより地盤材料Ｓを敷き均して薄く撒き出す。撒き出しの厚さは，撒き出し画像から地盤材料Ｓ中の所定粒径（例えば５ｍｍ）以上の粒径が検出できるように，その所定粒径以上の粒状材が埋もれない厚さとすることが望ましい。更に重量計測位置４７ｃにおいて，撒き出した地盤材料Ｓの重量を計測し，撮影位置４７ｄにおいて，粒度分布検出装置３０により地盤材料Ｓの撒き出し画像を撮影する。撮影後の地盤材料Ｓは，返送位置４７ｅから搬送路４１〜４３に返送して構造材料の原料に戻す。 In step S108, first, the ground material S extracted from the transport paths 41 to 43 is loaded on the container 46 at the loading position 47a of the extraction path 45, and the ground material is applied by applying appropriate vibration to the container 46 at the oscillating position 47b. Spread S and spread thinly. It is desirable that the thickness of the squeeze is such that the granular material having the predetermined particle size or larger is not buried so that a particle size of the predetermined particle size (for example, 5 mm) or more in the ground material S can be detected from the squeezed image. . Further, the weight of the ground material S that has been squeezed out is measured at the weight measurement position 47c, and a squeezed image of the ground material S is photographed by the particle size distribution detector 30 at the photographing position 47d. The ground material S after photographing is returned from the return position 47e to the transport paths 41 to 43 and returned to the raw material of the structural material.
次いでステップＳ１０９において，地盤材料Ｓの撒き出し画像Ｇをコンピュータ１０の検出手段３１に入力し，地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成して粒度分布Ｄを検出する。例えば，検出手段３１の粒度インデクス算出手段３２により，撒き出し画像から複数の粒径ｄｉの粒度インデクスＩｉを算出し，その粒度インデクスＩｉを関係式Ｋにより加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）に変換し，変換した加積通過率Ｐ（ｄｉ）を粒径ｄｉ別にプロットして連結することにより粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）を作成する。この粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）から，図３に示す各粒径範囲別の重量比Ｍｉを求めて更新することができる。ステップＳ１０８〜Ｓ１０９のように地盤材料Ｓの抜き取り及び撒き出し画像の撮影を自動化することにより，例えば１回／５〜１０分程度の頻度で地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄ，すなわち粒径別の重量比Ｍｉを計測・更新することが可能となる。 Next, in step S109, the rolled-out image G of the ground material S is input to the detection means 31 of the computer 10, a particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S is created, and the particle size distribution D is detected. For example, the granularity index calculating means 32 of the detecting means 31 calculates the granularity index Ii of a plurality of particle diameters di from the extracted image, and converts the granularity index Ii into a product passage rate P (di) by the relational expression K. , The particle size accumulation curve P (d) is created by plotting and connecting the converted product passage rate P (di) for each particle size di. From this particle size accumulation curve P (d), the weight ratio Mi for each particle size range shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained and updated. By automating the extraction of the ground material S and the taking out of the ground image as in steps S108 to S109, the particle size distribution D of the ground material S, that is, the weight for each particle size, for example, once every 5 to 10 minutes. It becomes possible to measure and update the ratio Mi.
ステップＳ１１０は，ステップＳ１０９において作成した地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）をコンピュータ１０の判定手段２５へ入力し，粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）が正常であるか否かを判定する処理を示す。例えば，図８を参照して前述した最粗粒標本及び最細粒標本の粒径加積曲線Ｐｒ（ｄ），Ｐｓ（ｄ）と地盤材料Ｓの粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）とを比較することにより，地盤材料Ｓが想定された基準（「ひし形」）の範囲内にあるか否かを判定し，範囲内にない場合はステップＳ１０１へ戻り，単位水量の設定からやり直すことができる。なお，粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）の判定処理の詳細も特許文献３に記載されている。粒径加積曲線Ｐ（ｄ）が正常であるときは，ステップＳ１１０からステップＳ１１１へ進む。ステップＳ１０７において地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄを検出しない場合も，ステップＳ１１１へ進む。 In step S110, the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S created in step S109 is input to the determination means 25 of the computer 10, and whether or not the particle size accumulation curve P (d) is normal. The process to determine is shown. For example, the particle size accumulation curves Pr (d) and Ps (d) of the coarsest grain sample and the finest grain sample described above with reference to FIG. 8 and the particle size accumulation curve P (d) of the ground material S are obtained. By comparing, it is determined whether or not the ground material S is within the range of the assumed standard ("diamond"), and if not, the process returns to step S101, and the unit water volume can be set again. . Details of the determination processing of the particle size accumulation curve P (d) are also described in Patent Document 3. When the particle size accumulation curve P (d) is normal, the process proceeds from step S110 to step S111. Even when the particle size distribution D of the ground material S is not detected in step S107, the process proceeds to step S111.
図２のステップＳ１１１は，コンピュータ１０の算出手段２１により，地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０から粒度分布Ｄに応じて所定粒径別の含水率ｗｉを算出する処理を示す。前述したように，ステップＳ１０６において含水率計測装置２０ａにより連続的に計測される地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０は全粒径を対象としたものであるのに対し，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量を計算するためには粒径別の含水率ｗｉが必要である。本発明者は，例えばステップＳ１０９で検出された粒径別の重量比Ｍｉを用いることにより，全粒径の含水率ｗ０と粒径別の含水率ｗｉとの間に（３１）式に示す関係が成立することに着目した。すなわち，全粒径の含水率ｗ０は，粒径別材料φｉの含水率ｗｉを，粒径別材料φｉ毎の重量比Ｍｉにより重み付けして合算したものと考えることができる。 Step S111 in FIG. 2 shows a process of calculating the moisture content wi for each predetermined particle size according to the particle size distribution D from the moisture content w0 of the ground material S by the calculation means 21 of the computer 10. As described above, the water content w0 of the ground material S continuously measured by the moisture content measuring device 20a in step S106 is for all particle sizes, whereas the surface water amount of the ground material S is calculated. In order to achieve this, a moisture content wi for each particle size is required. The present inventor, for example, uses the weight ratio Mi for each particle size detected in step S109, and thereby shows the relationship shown in the equation (31) between the water content w0 for all particle sizes and the water content wi for each particle size. We focused on the fact that That is, the water content w0 of all the particle sizes can be considered as the sum of the water content wi of the particle size-specific material φi weighted by the weight ratio Mi for each particle size-specific material φi.
ｗ０＝Σ（Ｍｉ・ｗｉ）
＝Ｍ１・ｗ１＋Ｍ２・ｗ２＋Ｍ３・ｗ３＋Ｍ４・ｗ４
＋Ｍ５・ｗ５＋Ｍ６・ｗ６ ……………………（３１）
w0 = Σ (Mi · wi)
= M1 ・ w1 + M2 ・ w2 + M3 ・ w3 + M4 ・ w4
+ M5 ・ w5 + M6 ・ w6 …………………… (31)
（３１）式において，全粒径の含水率ｗ０の変動は，一般的に粒径の最も小さい粒径別材料φ６（粒径５ｍｍ以下）の含水率ｗ６の影響が支配的であり，それより粒径の大きい粒径別材料φ１〜φ５の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５の影響は相対的に小さい。すなわち，全粒径の含水率ｗ０の変動は，主に粒径別材料φ６（粒径５ｍｍ以下）の含水率ｗ６に変化に起因する場合が多い。この場合はステップＳ１１１において，（３１）式の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５を変動しない（一定値）と仮定したうえで，ステップＳ１０６で連続的に計測される全粒径の含水率ｗ０と，図３の計測値テーブルの含水率ｗ１〜ｗ５と，ステップＳ１０９で検出した各粒径の重量比Ｍｉを代入することにより，含水率ｗ６を算出することができる。表面水量の変動の主な要因である粒径別材料φ６の含水率ｗ６に基づいて，ステップＳ１１２においてコンピュータ１０の推定手段２４により（１）〜（３）式から地盤材料Ｓの表面水量を算出すれば，不所望に変動する地盤材料Ｓの表面水量をリアルタイムで精度よく推定することができる。 In the equation (31), the fluctuation of the water content w0 of the total particle size is generally influenced by the water content w6 of the smallest particle size material φ6 (particle size of 5 mm or less). The influence of the water content w1 to w5 of the material by diameter Φ1 to Φ5 having a large particle size is relatively small. That is, the variation in the water content w0 of the total particle size is often caused mainly by a change in the water content w6 of the particle size-specific material φ6 (particle size of 5 mm or less). In this case, in step S111, it is assumed that the water contents w1 to w5 of the equation (31) do not vary (constant value), and then the water content w0 of all the particle diameters continuously measured in step S106 and FIG. The moisture content w6 can be calculated by substituting the moisture content w1 to w5 in the measurement value table and the weight ratio Mi of each particle size detected in step S109. On the basis of the water content w6 of the particle size-specific material φ6 that is the main factor of the fluctuation of the surface water amount, the surface water amount of the ground material S is calculated from the equations (1) to (3) by the estimation means 24 of the computer 10 in step S112. If so, the surface water amount of the ground material S that fluctuates undesirably can be accurately estimated in real time.
また，（３１）式において，粒径別材料φ６の含水率ｗ６だけでなく，粒径別材料φ５（粒径５〜１０ｍｍ）の含水率ｗ５の影響も無視できない場合がある。この場合はステップＳ１１１において，（３１）式の含水率ｗ１〜ｗ４が変化しない（一定値）と仮定したうえで，全粒径の含水率ｗ０と，図３の計測値テーブルの含水率ｗ１〜ｗ４と，各粒径の重量比Ｍｉとを代入することにより，含水率ｗ６及び含水率ｗ５の合計（Ｍ５・ｗ５＋Ｍ６・ｗ６）を算出することができる。ステップＳ１１２において，表面水量の変動に影響を与える含水率ｗ５，ｗ６に基づいて地盤材料Ｓの表面水量を算出することにより，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量の推定精度を高めることが期待できる。 In the equation (31), not only the water content w6 of the particle size-specific material φ6 but also the influence of the water content w5 of the particle size-specific material φ5 (particle size 5 to 10 mm) may not be ignored. In this case, in step S111, it is assumed that the moisture content w1 to w4 of the equation (31) does not change (constant value), and then the moisture content w0 of all particle sizes and the moisture content w1 to w1 of the measurement value table of FIG. By substituting w4 and the weight ratio Mi of each particle size, the sum of the moisture content w6 and the moisture content w5 (M5 · w5 + M6 · w6) can be calculated. In step S112, by calculating the surface water amount of the ground material S based on the moisture contents w5 and w6 that affect the fluctuation of the surface water amount, it can be expected to improve the estimation accuracy of the surface water amount of the ground material S.
なお（３１）式は，各粒径の重量比Ｍｉを重み付けとして，地盤材料Ｓの粒径別の含水率ｗｉから全粒径の含水率ｗ０を求めているが，重量比Ｍｉに代えて前述した（２１）式の合成パラメタの重み付けを用いることも可能である。すなわち，重量比に代えて，粒度分布Ｄに応じた体積比，表面積比，平均粒径，その何れかと当該構成材料の吸水率との積，又はそれらの逆数を重み付けＩｉとして，粒径別の含水率ｗｉから全粒径の含水率ｗ０を求めることもできる。地盤材料Ｓにおいて適当な重み付けＩｉを選択することにより，ステップＳ１１２における表面水量の推定精度を高めることが期待できる。 In the equation (31), the weight ratio Mi of each particle size is weighted, and the water content w0 of all the particle diameters is obtained from the water content wi for each particle diameter of the ground material S. It is also possible to use the weighting of the synthesis parameter in equation (21). That is, instead of the weight ratio, the volume ratio according to the particle size distribution D, the surface area ratio, the average particle diameter, the product of any one of them and the water absorption rate of the constituent material, or the reciprocal thereof is weighted Ii. The water content w0 of all the particle sizes can also be obtained from the water content wi. By selecting an appropriate weight Ii in the ground material S, it can be expected that the estimation accuracy of the surface water amount in step S112 is improved.
図２のステップＳ１１１では，ステップＳ１０６で連続的に計測される地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０を直接的に（３１）式へ代入するのではなく，算出手段２１の平準化手段２３に入力して所定時間ｔにおける含水率ｗ０の平均値（＝Σｗ０／ｔ）を求め，所定時間ｔの含水率ｗ０の平均値（＝Σｗ０／ｔ）を（３１）式に代入して粒径別の含水率ｗｉを算出している。様々な粒径が混在する地盤材料Ｓは計測部位によって含水率ｗ０の計測値のバラツキが避けられず，例えば従来の含水率試験では一定量以上の地盤材料Ｓを対象とすることで計測値のバラツキの影響を避けている。近赤外光を照射する含水率計測装置２０ａを用いた場合も，図４に示すように，近赤外光の照射部位によって含水率ｗ０の計測値に大きなバラツキが生じうる。連続的に計測される地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０の計測値を平準化手段２３において所定時間ｔの移動平均又は区間平均とし，その平均値（＝Σｗ０／ｔ）を用いて粒径別の含水率ｗｉを算出して表面水量を推定することにより，計測値のバラツキの影響を避けることができる。 In step S111 of FIG. 2, the moisture content w0 of the ground material S continuously measured in step S106 is not directly substituted into the equation (31), but is input to the leveling means 23 of the calculating means 21. Obtain the average value (= Σw0 / t) of the moisture content w0 at the predetermined time t, and substitute the average value (= Σw0 / t) of the moisture content w0 at the predetermined time t into the equation (31) to determine the moisture content by particle size. wi is calculated. The ground material S in which various particle sizes coexist cannot avoid variations in the measured value of the moisture content w0 depending on the measurement site. For example, in the conventional moisture content test, the measured value can be measured by targeting the ground material S of a certain amount or more. Avoiding the effects of variation. Even when the moisture content measuring device 20a that irradiates near infrared light is used, as shown in FIG. 4, the measured value of the moisture content w0 may vary greatly depending on the irradiated portion of the near infrared light. The measured value of the moisture content w0 of the ground material S that is continuously measured is set as a moving average or a section average for a predetermined time t in the leveling means 23, and the average value (= Σw0 / t) is used to determine the moisture content for each particle size. By calculating the rate wi and estimating the surface water amount, it is possible to avoid the influence of variation in measured values.
平準化手段２３において移動平均又は区間平均を求める所定時間ｔは，例えばステップＳ１０７〜１０９において地盤材料Ｓの一部を抜き取って粒度分布Ｄを検出する期間（例えば５〜１０分）と一致させることができる。図４に示すように，地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０を平準化する時間と，地盤材料Ｓの粒度分布Ｄを検出する時間とを一致させることにより，図３の計測値テーブルにおいて各粒径の粒度分布Ｄと粒径別の含水率ｗｉとの更新のタイミングを一致させ，それらに基づき推定する地盤材料Ｓの表面水量の精度を高めることが期待できる。ただし，含水率ｗ０を平準化時間は粒度分布Ｄの検出時間と一致させることに限定されず，例えば平準化手段２３によって地盤材料Ｓの１０ｍ３ないし１００ｍ３当たりの平均値として含水率ｗ０を算出し，その１ｍ３当たりの含水率Ｗと１０ｍ３ないし１００ｍ３当たりの含水率Ｗとの両者を同時に出力装置１２へ出力・表示することにより，地盤材料Ｓの含水率ｗ０の長期的変動傾向と短期的変動傾向との両者を同時に確認し，その両面から地盤材料Ｓの品質を管理，監視することも可能である。 The predetermined time t for obtaining the moving average or section average in the leveling means 23 is made to coincide with the period (for example, 5 to 10 minutes) in which a part of the ground material S is extracted in steps S107 to 109 and the particle size distribution D is detected. Can do. As shown in FIG. 4, by matching the time for leveling the water content w0 of the ground material S with the time for detecting the particle size distribution D of the ground material S, each particle size in the measured value table of FIG. It can be expected that the update timings of the particle size distribution D and the moisture content wi for each particle size are matched, and the accuracy of the surface water amount of the ground material S estimated based on them is improved. However, leveling time the moisture content w0 is not limited to be matched with the detection time of the particle size distribution D, for example, calculates a water content w0 to 10 m 3 without the ground material S by leveling means 23 as an average value per 100 m 3 By simultaneously outputting and displaying the moisture content W per 1 m 3 and the moisture content W per 10 m 3 to 100 m 3 to the output device 12, the long-term fluctuation tendency of the moisture content w0 of the ground material S It is also possible to confirm both the short-term fluctuation tendency at the same time, and to manage and monitor the quality of the ground material S from both sides.
ステップＳ１１３は，ステップＳ１１２でリアルタイムに推定された地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗをコンピュータ１０の判定手段２５へ入力し，表面水量Ｗを管理基準値Ｃと比較して正常か否か（地盤材料Ｓの品質）を判定する処理を示す。このような管理基準値Ｃとして，例えば図９を参照して前述したように，表面水量Ｗの異なる地盤材料Ｓを用いて構築した土木構造物が所要品質（強度）を満足する表面水量Ｗの下限値及び上限値をステップＳ１０１において記憶手段１６に登録しておくことができる。強度だけでなく，構造材料の密度，施工性（トラフィカビリティなど）等に基づき管理基準値Ｃを設定することも可能である。 In step S113, the surface water amount W of the ground material S estimated in real time in step S112 is input to the determination means 25 of the computer 10, and the surface water amount W is compared with the management reference value C to determine whether it is normal (soil material S The process of determining the quality of the image is shown. As such a management reference value C, for example, as described above with reference to FIG. 9, the civil engineering structure constructed using the ground material S having a different surface water amount W satisfies the required quality (strength). The lower limit value and the upper limit value can be registered in the storage unit 16 in step S101. The management reference value C can be set based not only on the strength but also on the density of the structural material, workability (trafficability, etc.), and the like.
ステップＳ１１３において地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗが管理基準値Ｃの範囲内であると判定された場合はステップＳ１１５へ進み，ステップＳ１０２において設定された単位水量と表面水量Ｗと差に応じた給水量（＝単位水量−表面水量）及びセメント量を混合装置５（ミキサー）に投入して地盤材料Ｓに添加する。ステップＳ１１３において地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗが管理基準値Ｃから外れたときは，例えばステップＳ１１４において構造材料を得るために添加すべき単位水量を再設定したうえでステップＳ１１５へ進む。 If it is determined in step S113 that the surface water amount W of the ground material S is within the range of the management reference value C, the process proceeds to step S115, and the water supply amount corresponding to the difference between the unit water amount and the surface water amount W set in step S102. (= Unit water amount−surface water amount) and cement amount are added to the mixing device 5 (mixer) and added to the ground material S. When the surface water amount W of the ground material S deviates from the management reference value C in step S113, for example, the unit water amount to be added to obtain the structural material is reset in step S114, and then the process proceeds to step S115.
ステップＳ１１５において，必要に応じて推定された表面水量Ｗをコンピュータ１０の記憶手段１６に累積記憶したのち，ステップＳ１１６において，地盤材料Ｓの表面水量の管理を継続するか否かを判断する。継続する場合はステップＳ１０５へ戻り，継続的に供給される地盤材料Ｓについて前述したステップＳ１０５〜Ｓ１１５を繰り返す。ステップＳ１１５においてリアルタイムで連続的に推定される地盤材料Ｓの表面水量Ｗを記憶手段１６に累積記憶しておくことにより，次回以降のステップＳ１１３の判定処理において，判定手段２４により供給材料Ｎの表面水量Ｗの経時的変化（移動平均又は区間平均）を判定し，地盤材料Ｓの品質の変化を迅速に把握することが可能となる。 In step S115, the surface water amount W estimated as necessary is accumulated and stored in the storage means 16 of the computer 10, and then in step S116, it is determined whether or not to continue the management of the surface water amount of the ground material S. When continuing, it returns to step S105 and repeats step S105-S115 mentioned above about the ground material S supplied continuously. By accumulating the surface water amount W of the ground material S estimated continuously in real time in step S115 in the storage means 16, the surface of the supply material N is determined by the determination means 24 in the determination processing of the next step S113. It is possible to determine the change over time (moving average or section average) of the water amount W and quickly grasp the change in the quality of the ground material S.
こうして本発明の目的である「地盤材料の表面水量をリアルタイムで精度よく管理することができる方法及びシステム」の提供を達成できる。 Thus, it is possible to provide the “method and system capable of accurately managing the surface water amount of the ground material in real time” which is the object of the present invention.
１…採取場（地山） １ａ…破砕装置
２…ストックヤード ３…運搬装置
４…母材ホッパー ５…混合装置
６…セメント供給装置 ７…水供給装置
８…粒度試験装置 ９…含水率試験装置
１０…コンピュータ １１…入力装置
１２…出力装置 １４…入力手段
１５…出力手段 １６…記憶手段
２０…含水率計測装置 ２１…（粒径別含水率）算出手段
２２…（含水率）計測手段 ２３…平滑化手段
２４…（表面水量）推定手段 ２５…判定手段
３０…粒度分布計測装置 ３１…（粒度分布）検出手段
３２…（粒度インデクス）算出手段
４１，４２，４３，４４…搬送ベルトコンベア
４５…起振装置付きベルトコンベア ４６…撒き出し容器
４７ａ…積載位置 ４７ｂ…起振位置
４７ｃ…重量計測位置 ４７ｄ…撮影位置
４７ｅ…返送位置
Ｃ…セメント Ｗ…水
Ｍ…重量比 ρ…表関密度
Ｇ…絶乾密度 Ｑ…吸水率
ｗ…含水率 ω…表面水率
Ｗ…表面水量 Ｃ…管理基準値
Ｋ…関係式 Ｅ…面積
Ｉ…粒度インデクス ｔ…所定時間
Ｄ…粒度分布 Ｐ（ｄ）…粒径加積曲線
Ｓ…地盤材料 Ｓｉ，Ｒ…反射率
Ｐ…パラメタ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Sampling ground (natural ground) 1a ... Crushing device 2 ... Stockyard 3 ... Transport device 4 ... Base material hopper 5 ... Mixing device 6 ... Cement supply device 7 ... Water supply device 8 ... Particle size test device 9 ... Moisture content test device DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Computer 11 ... Input device 12 ... Output device 14 ... Input means 15 ... Output means 16 ... Memory | storage means 20 ... Water content measuring device 21 ... (Water content according to particle size) Calculation means 22 ... (Water content) measuring means 23 ... Smoothing means 24 ... (surface water amount) estimating means 25 ... determining means 30 ... particle size distribution measuring device 31 ... (particle size distribution) detecting means 32 ... (particle size index) calculating means 41, 42, 43, 44 ... conveying belt conveyor 45 ... Belt conveyor 46 with vibration generator 46 ... unloading container 47a ... loading position 47b ... vibration generation position 47c ... weight measurement position 47d ... photographing position 47e ... return position C ... cement W ... water M ... heavy Quantity ratio ρ ... Table density G ... Dry density Q ... Water absorption rate w ... Water content ω ... Surface water rate W ... Surface water amount C ... Management standard value K ... Relationship E ... Area I ... Granularity index t ... Predetermined time D ... Particle size distribution P (d) ... Particle size accumulation curve S ... Ground material Si, R ... Reflectance P ... Parameters
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013248776A JP6173894B2 (en) | 2013-11-30 | 2013-11-30 | Surface water volume management method and system for ground material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013248776A JP6173894B2 (en) | 2013-11-30 | 2013-11-30 | Surface water volume management method and system for ground material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2015105898A JP2015105898A (en) | 2015-06-08 |
| JP6173894B2 true JP6173894B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
Family
ID=53436079
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013248776A Active JP6173894B2 (en) | 2013-11-30 | 2013-11-30 | Surface water volume management method and system for ground material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6173894B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6725916B2 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2020-07-22 | 株式会社大林組 | Cement-based mixed material manufacturing system and cement-based mixed material manufacturing method |
| JP6764755B2 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2020-10-07 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Soil quality judgment method and system |
| JP7075787B2 (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2022-05-26 | 株式会社フジタ | Trafficability estimator and program |
| CN110476053B (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2022-07-26 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Raw material particle size distribution measuring device, particle size distribution measuring method, and porosity measuring device |
| JP6823522B2 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-02-03 | 前田建設工業株式会社 | Water content evaluation method for construction materials |
| JP7377484B2 (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2023-11-10 | 株式会社大林組 | Detection device and detection method |
| JPWO2021075309A1 (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | ||
| JP7445253B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2024-03-07 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Measuring device and method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4266878A (en) * | 1978-12-26 | 1981-05-12 | Norlin Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for measurement of soil moisture content |
| JP2849626B2 (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1999-01-20 | 株式会社ジオトップ | Ready-mixed concrete production equipment |
| JP5658613B2 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2015-01-28 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Method and system for dividing particle size of granular material |
-
2013
- 2013-11-30 JP JP2013248776A patent/JP6173894B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2015105898A (en) | 2015-06-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6173894B2 (en) | Surface water volume management method and system for ground material | |
| JP5582806B2 (en) | Granule size measurement system and program | |
| Clayton et al. | The application of powder rheology in additive manufacturing | |
| JP6976369B2 (en) | Measurement of porous film | |
| Mineo et al. | The use of infrared thermography for porosity assessment of intact rock | |
| CN101806730B (en) | Vinegar residue organic matrix moisture content detection method | |
| JP2013257188A (en) | Particle size distribution measurement method and system for granular material | |
| CA2952551A1 (en) | Method and system for characterizing an aggregate sample by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy | |
| CN104111264A (en) | Methods for quickly detecting content of heavy metal elements in rice and evaluating comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal elements | |
| CN101082595B (en) | Cigarette package denseness on-line detection device and method | |
| Xavier et al. | Variation of transverse and shear stiffness properties of wood in a tree | |
| CN111033246A (en) | Quantitative crystal phase analysis device, quantitative crystal phase analysis method, and quantitative crystal phase analysis program | |
| JP5658613B2 (en) | Method and system for dividing particle size of granular material | |
| JP2017189940A (en) | Production system and production method for cement-based mixed material | |
| Rodriguez et al. | Case of study on particle shape and friction angle on tailings | |
| JP6050729B2 (en) | Method and system for measuring moisture content of ground material | |
| Peetermans et al. | Quantification of the material composition of historical copper alloys by means of neutron transmission measurements | |
| JP6764755B2 (en) | Soil quality judgment method and system | |
| Mousavi et al. | Rapid determination of soil unconfined compressive strength using reflectance spectroscopy | |
| Hassan et al. | Study some optical properties of different total suspended solids in media filters by using He–Ne laser | |
| JP6916640B2 (en) | Particle size measuring method, particle size measuring device and quality control method using it | |
| JP6319791B2 (en) | Method and system for measuring particle size of ground material | |
| Teixeira et al. | Exploring the applicability of low-cost capacitive and resistive water content sensors on compacted soils | |
| Laumer et al. | Analysis of the influence of different flowability on part characteristics regarding the simultaneous laser beam melting of polymers | |
| KR102209627B1 (en) | Real-time gradation combination system in process of producing aggregate and mixing method using that |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20160414 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20170119 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170126 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170320 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170630 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170705 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6173894 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |