JP4997112B2 - 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送させるための装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送させるための装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は一般に、生物学的試料の画像形成用の画像化プローブとシステムに関し、特に、光ファイバプローブと、生物学的試料の画像形成のために、このようなプローブを用いることが可能な光学画像形成システムに関する。
患者の内臓の生体内光学画像形成は通常、光ファイバカテーテルによって行われている。心臓病学、インターベンショナル・ラジオロジ（介入放射線医学）、消化器病学等の多くの臨床分野では、ｒ−φ断面画像を生成するために直径の小さな、回転する光学プローブ又はカテーテルを必要とする。また、回転するカテーテルを長手方向に沿って引き戻し、対象となる組織塊の三次元画像を得ることができる。この用途では、集光されたビーム、及び画像形成システムとの接続性を与えるカテーテルは重要な器具である。光学画像形成システムには、光周波数領域画像形成及び光学コヒーレンス・トモグラフィがある。
一般に、光ファイバカテーテルの理想的な特性には、ａ）径が細く、ｂ）柔軟性が高く、ｃ）収差が小さいことが挙げられる。光ファイバは、２５０μｍ（マイクロメートル）未満の直径で容易に製作できるため、光ファイバプローブは生きた被験物内の小さな導管や狭い場所に、最小限の侵襲性をもって近接できる可能性をもつ。通常、カテーテルは、螢光透視によるガイド下に置かれたガイドワイヤを使用して対象場所へと向けられる。ガイドワイヤとの適合性を得るために、そして光ファイバを保護するために通常、カテーテルは外側の透明シース（鞘）を用いる。光ファイバはこのシースの内部に配置され、自由に回転し、また長手方向において並進移動できる。ファイバを通る光は、カテーテルの長手方向の軸に対して垂直な経路へと向けられ、対象組織内において、シースの外部の点へと焦点を結ぶ。光がシースを通して伝搬する際には、その焦点特性が、シースの内面及び外面での屈折によって変化する。すなわち、シースはレンズとして機能する。しかしながら、シースが円筒形状であるために、そのレンズ特性は望ましくない場合があり、特に、著しい収差をもたらす虞がある。シースの最も顕著な収差の一つが非点収差であり、この影響は細い直径のシースを用いる場合に著しく増加する。非点収差をもった光学素子を通過する光線は、二つの異なる焦点を呈し、その一つはサジタル平面内の光線の焦点であり、もう一つはこれに直交する接平面内の光線の焦点である。このような制限を克服する装置（例えば、カテーテル）は、光学画像形成を改善し、特に、医学及び生物学において広範囲に応用することができる。
シースによってもたらされる非点収差を克服する一つの方法は、シースの屈折率を、シース内における外側の媒質と一致させることである。生物学的な画像形成の場合、これは、水とほぼ等しい屈折率を持つシースを用い、シースの内腔を水、又はこれとほぼ等しい屈折率の物質で満たすことで近似的に実現できる。光学画像形成用カテーテルでは、シース内の部品を回転させることと、該部品を長手方向に引き戻すこととの両立が強く望まれる。水で満たされたシース内で、内部の部品を回転させることは可能であるが、長手方向の引き戻しについては、液体の粘性及び乱流のために問題が多い。より望ましい解決策は、他の光学部品を用いてシースの非点収差を補正すると共に、シースと内部の部品との間隙に空気又は他のガスを充填させたカテーテルを操作することである。
標準的な光学通信ファイバの直径とほぼ等しい直径をもつ微小レンズを用いて、光ファイバから出射される光を整形し、ファイバの外部に焦点を形成できることが技術的に知られている。また、このようなデバイスが、焦点からの光を集めて、この光を上記とは逆行する方向に光ファイバで伝送可能であることも周知である。
図１ａ乃至図１ｄは、微小レンズと光ファイバを組み合わせるための、例示的な従来の構成を示す。例えば、実装サイズを小さくし、光ファイバの直径（ほぼ５００μｍ未満）とほぼ等しいサイズを得るためには、勾配屈折率（ＧＲＩＮ又はＳＥＬＦＯＣ）レンズ２５が用いられる。通常、ガラス製光ファイバの外側の保護層１０は、ファイバ１５の一端から部分的に剥がされ、レンズ２５が光学接着剤又は光学エポキシ樹脂を用いてファイバに固定される。勾配屈折率レンズの場合、ファイバのコア２０から出射した光は、その周辺光線３０が正弦波状を描く経路をたどる。レンズ材料の屈折率分布及びレンズの長さを適切に選択することによって、レンズから出射される光の焦点特性を制御できる。このようなレンズとファイバとを組み合わせた一般的な構成は、レンズの端面から予め決められた距離にある焦点３５をもたらす。レンズに加えて、プリズム９０等のビーム偏向器が用いられることもあり、これはレンズから出射した光８５の向きを変えて、ファイバの軸に対して側方に位置した焦点８０に光を照射させる。レンズからの後方反射を最小限に抑え、装置の機械的な完全性を向上させるために、レンズは光ファイバに直接的に接合されるか又は融着接続されることもある。あるいはこれに代わって、均一な屈折率をもったガラス製円柱を含むスペーサ１０５を、ファイバ１００とレンズ１１５との間に挿入することで、焦点形成前にビーム拡大１１０を許容する場合もある。更には、プリズム又はビーム偏向器１２０を用い、ファイバの軸に対して横方向にオフセットした位置にある焦点１２５へと、ビームの向きを変えることができる。
図１ａ乃至図１ｃに示した各プローブでは、特定の用途に対して所望の焦点特性を得るために、レンズとスペーサの長さを注意深く制御し、素子を注意深く位置合わせしなければならない。その結果、このようなプローブの製造が困難となる。更に、これらの設計は機械的完全性を欠き、機械的な故障を避けるために外部の保護スリーブ等の追加的な構造を必要とする。この必要性のために、これがなければ可能となる直径や長さに比して、プローブの直径が大きくなり、柔軟性のない硬い部分の長さが長くなってしまう。
ガラス製の単一の球状粒子を含むボールレンズを代わりに用いて、光ファイバを出射した光から焦点を形成することも可能である。この場合に、図１ｄに示すように、ファイバから出射した光１３０は球面１３５で屈折する。ボールレンズはファイバの末端に配置することもでき、またガラスの加熱と溶融を制御することによってファイバの材料から直接形成することもできる。加熱プロセス中、ファイバ１２５の光ガイドコアの部分を破壊し、焦点特性１４０を向上させるボールレンズの外面１３５で光を大きなビームサイズに回折させことができる。図１に示す装置の重要な特徴は、光ファイバの末端を融解させて再形成することでボールレンズが製作され、ボールの表面が、光を通す部分に亘って、ほぼ球状をなすことである。そして、プリズム等のビーム偏向器を、ボールレンズの球面に直接的に接合することはできず、よって、その位置決めと機械的な固定のために追加のハウジングが必要となる。
上述した欠点の少なくとも幾つかを克服するために、切除された光学プローブと、このようなプローブを用いる光学画像形成システムの例示的な実施形態が、本発明に従って、生物学的試料の画像化に提供される。ある例示的な実施形態では、このプローブを用いて、画像形成システムからの光を集光ビームとして提供し、生物学的試料から反射した光を集め、それを画像形成システムへと戻すように伝送して、焦点を形成する光ビームを生物学的試料に亘って２次元又は３次元の空間次元で走査することが可能となる。本発明による、切除された光学プローブを用いる画像形成システムの適用には、血管内の画像形成、心臓血管の画像形成、消化管の画像形成が含まれる。
本発明の例示的な実施形態によると、少なくとも一つの電磁放射を伝送するための装置と方法が提供される。特に、第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも一つの端部を有する一つ以上の光ファイバが提供される。更に、光ファイバと光学的に連携する光伝送光学装置部が提供される。この光学装置部は、第２軸に対して垂直な平面部を有する第１面、及び曲面部を含む第２面を有することができる。第１軸は、第２軸に対して０°よりも大きく、かつ９０°よりも小さい特定の角度で設けることができる。
本発明の例示的な実施形態の一つによると、この平面部は、少なくとも一つの電磁放射の一部を、少なくとも部分的に反射するように構成され、曲面部は、少なくとも一つの電磁放射の一部を、当該部分を通して透過することができる。この曲面部は第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面内で第１曲率を有し、第３軸に対して垂直な第２平面内で第２曲率を有してもよい。例えば、第１平面は第２平面と異なっており、第１曲率は第２曲率と異なっても構わない。更には、第１軸と第３軸との間になす角度が約９０°とされる。
本発明の他の例示的な実施形態によると、この特定の角度は光伝送光学装置部とその外部の媒質との間で全反射させるための角度とされる。第１面の平面部は反射面であってもよく、及び／又は、金属層を有してもよい。更には、光ファイバと光伝送光学装置部は、同一材料から一体物として形成されてもよい。光ファイバは、少なくとも一つの第１領域及び少なくとも一つの第２領域を有することができ、この第１領域は、少なくとも一つの電磁放射をガイドし、また第２領域は、少なくとも一つの電磁放射の導波性をもたない。更には、第１領域と第２領域は、第１軸に沿って配置することができる。
ほぼ透明な部分を有するシースが提供され、光伝送光学装置部は、このほぼ透明な部分内に配置される。また、前記の第１曲率と第２曲率は、ほぼ透明な部分によって引き起こされる非点収差を減少させる特性をもつ。この第１曲率と第２曲率は、非点収差を減少させる特性をもつことが可能である。光ファイバは、第１及び第２の光ファイバを含み、これらの一つが、毎秒約３０回転よりも速い、ほぼ均一な回転速度をもって回転することができる。この第１及び第２の光ファイバのうち、少なくとも一つを平行移動させるように構成された並進ステージが長手方向に沿って提供される。第１の光ファイバ又は第２の光ファイバ、あるいは両光ファイバは公称カットオフ波長をもつシングルモードファイバでもよい。この第１の光ファイバ又は第２の光ファイバ、あるいはその両方の公称カットオフ波長は、約９００ｎｍ（ナノメートル）と１３００ｎｍとの間とされる。
本発明の上記の目的、特徴、及び利点は、付属する請求項と関連して、以下に詳細に説明した本発明の実施形態を読むことで明らかとなる。
そして、本発明の更なる目的、特徴、及び利点は、本発明の例示的な実施形態を示す添付図面と併せて、以下に詳述する本発明の記載から明らかとなる。
図２は、本発明に従って、先端を削った光ファイバプローブの例示的な実施形態を示す。この例示的なプローブの実施形態の特徴は、光ファイバ１５０（例えば、好ましくはシングルモードファイバ）を含んでおり、この光ファイバの末端が扁長な回転楕円体状のボール１６０の一部を含み、ファイバと一体化されていることである。扁長な回転楕円体は、その両極を離間させるように軸に沿って引っ張り、つまり伸張させた球によって特徴付けられる。ボール１６０の表面の予め決められた（例えば小さな）部分１９５に亘って、この表面は、ファイバの末端で２つの異なる曲率半径、つまり１７０で示すＲ１及び１８０で示すＲ２（図２ａの側面図と図２ｂの端面図を参照）を持つように特徴付けられる。曲率半径Ｒ１、１７０は、ボールの物理的な半径Ｒｂ、１７２よりも大きい。曲率半径Ｒ２、１８０は物理的な半径１７２とほぼ等しい。
このファイバの末端は更に、ファイバの軸に対してある角度をなした、ほぼ平坦な面１９０によって更に特徴付けられる。この面１９０は、ファイバから出射する光（図２ａに破線で示す）を偏向させるように構成されることで、この光が焦点２００に向けてボールの表面１９５を通過することになる。このファイバの末端は更に、領域２１０、つまり、コアからの光を回折させて面１９５のかなりの割合を照射できるように、ファイバの光ガイドコア１５５が存在しない領域によって特徴付けられる。特定の長さ（Ｌ）２１５を有する領域２１０は、加熱するか、又は光ガイドコアを有するファイバの一端にコアを持たないファイバを融着接続することによって、コアの破壊作業を通じて製作可能である。後者の場合、ボールレンズ１６０と面１９０は、コアを持たないファイバ材料から製作することができる。図２ａ及び図２ｂに示す、例示的なプローブを製作し、曲率半径１７０及び１８０を制御するための具体的な方法について以下に説明する。
図２ａ及び図２ｂに示すプローブの例示的な実施形態では、ある望ましい特性、例えば曲率半径１７０と１８０が異なり、それらは製作工程で独立に制御可能である。この特質は有利であるが、これは、カテーテルのシースによって持ち込まれる非点収差を補正できるからである。光は球面を通過する際に屈折を受ける。球面を透過することで屈折した収束光についての、有効焦点距離は下式で与えられる。
ここで、「ｎｍ」は面の外側の媒質の屈折率であり、「ｎｂ」は面の内側の屈折率であり、「Ｒ」は曲率半径である。図２ａ及び図２ｂに示す、例示的なプローブの有効焦点距離は二つの異なる値をもつことができ、その一つが「Ｒ１」に関し、もう一つが「Ｒ２」に関する。Ｒ１とＲ２を適切に選択することによって、シースが原因で生じる、サジタル面内の光線と接平面内の光線との間の焦点距離の差を補正することができ、非点収差のない焦点を、シースの外部に形成できる。生物医学的な画像形成の場合に、カテーテルは、水の屈折率とほぼ等しい屈折率を有する組織又は体液に浸漬される。このような場合には、シース内に空気があると、シースの屈折力が負となる。換言すれば、シースはそれを通って伝搬する光の焦点をぼかす作用をもつ。しかしながら、シースの屈折力は、例えば、一つの軸に沿ってのみ作用することになる。シースの長手方向に沿って、屈折力は全くない。プローブの例示的な設計では、「Ｒ１＞Ｒ２」とされる。
また、面１９０の有効焦点距離は、曲率半径１７０及び１８０に加えて、光ガイドコア１５５と面１９０との間隔Ｌ２１５によっても決定することができる。図３は、種々の焦点距離を与えることが可能な、例示的なＬとＲの許容値の対を表す計算例のグラフを示す。図３の従属軸２５０は、マイクロメートル単位でのＬとＲとの差を表し、水平軸２５２はマイクロメートル単位でのＲ値の２倍を表す。本図のそれぞれの曲線は異なる焦点距離、すなわち、１．０ｍｍ（ラベル２５４）、１．５ｍｍ（ラベル２５６）、２．０ｍｍ（ラベル２５８）、２．５ｍｍ（ラベル２６０）、３．０ｍｍ（ラベル２６２）、及び５０ｍｍ（ラベル２６４）を示している。図３に示す、例示的な計算結果は、空気に囲まれた石英ガラス製プローブに基づいている。
図４は、例示的な石英ガラス製プローブが水に浸漬されている場合において、同様な計算の例示的なグラフを示す。図４の従属軸２６６はマイクロメートル単位でのＬとＲとの差を表し、水平軸２６８はマイクロメートル単位でのＲ値の２倍を表す。本図のそれぞれの曲線は異なる焦点距離、すなわち、１．０ｍｍ（ラベル２７０）、１．５ｍｍ（ラベル２７２）、２．０ｍｍ（ラベル２７４）、２．５ｍｍ（ラベル２７６）、３．０ｍｍ（ラベル２８０）、及び５０ｍｍ（ラベル２８２）を示している。
図５ａ乃至図５ｅは、図２ａ及び図２ｂに示した実施形態の光学画像化プローブを製造するために使用可能な製作工程によって製造された例示的な製品を示す。標準的な遠距離通信ファイバ（例えば、図５ａに示すＳＭＦ−２８）は、直径２５０μｍの保護用アクリル被覆３００と、直径１２５μｍのガラス被覆３０５と、光ガイドコア３１０とを含み、ここでモードフィールド径が公称９μｍとされる。例示的な画像化プローブの製作は、アクリル被覆の部分を剥がし、ガラス被覆を露出させることで始まる（図５ａ参照）。例えばＳＭＦ−２８のクラッドと同じ直径をもった、一本の均質なガラスファイバ３１５をファイバ３０５に融着接続して、予め決められた長さに切断することができる（図５ｂ参照）。このファイバ融着接続工程は、二つの光ファイバを付着させる一方で、挿入損失及び後方反射の低い方法として技術的に周知である。直径の異なるファイバの融着接続は、より顕著なビーム拡大が望ましい場合にも実施される。ボールレンズ３２５は、例えばＶｙｔｒａｎ ＦＦＳ−２０００等のファイバ融着接続装置を用いて、均質なガラスファイバ３１５の端部に形成することができる（図５ｃ参照）。温度、持続時間及び挿入速度等のパラメータによって、溶融するファイバ先端３２０の量が決まる。このようにして、結果としてのボールの半径３３０や、ボールの中心から、均質なファイバ３２０と光ガイドファイバ３４０との接合部までの距離３３５を確定できる。ボールの形成に続き、プローブの末端を研磨して角度のついた面３４５を形成することができる（図５ｄ参照）。光ファイバや微小光学部品の研磨機は容易に入手でき、高度な平坦度と平滑度をもつ高品質の光学面を形成可能である。
図３の例示的なグラフを用いて角度３５０を選択することで、シングルモードファイバ３０５から出射される光線の全てが、研磨した面３４５上に、全反射角よりも大きな角度３５０をもって入射する。この例示的な構成では、面３４５がほぼ完全な反射面として作用し、ボールの上面３２５へと光を偏向させる。また、この角度は任意に決めることが可能であり、金やアルミニウム等のコーティングを用いて面３４５での高反射率を得ることができる。コーティングを適用する場合に、プローブの先端は、例えば最終製作工程として、アクリルコート３５５を施すことによって保護できる（図５ｅ参照）。
図６ａ及び図６ｂは、本発明によるプローブの例示的な実施形態の形成／製作の種々の段階を例示した画像である。例えば、図６ａの画像は、図５ｃの例にほぼ対応しており、ファイバ３７５の末端にボール３７０を形成した後のものである。また、図６ｂの画像は、図５ｄの例にほぼ対応しており、ボール３７０を研磨して角度のついた面３８０を形成した後のものである。
図７は、図６ａと図６ｂに示した、例示的なプローブを用いて取得可能な、例示的な光学コヒーレンス・トモグラフィ（「ＯＣＴ」）画像を示している。図７の試料は、被験者の指の腹の部分である。上部の最も薄く暗い層４００は角質層に相当し、角質層の真下の、より明るい領域が表皮４１０に相当し、暗くその下に横たわる帯４２０が真皮に相当する。
血管内又は管腔内の画像形成では、図２ａに示した例示的なカテーテルが、回転を可能にする光学的なロータリ接合と共に用いられる。図８は、一対のコリメータ１２及び１８を用いるロータリ接合の例示的な実施形態を示し、図２ａ及び２ｂに示した例示的なプローブと共に使用可能である。一方のコリメータレンズ１８は、管状構造体２６に（直接的又は間接的に）取り付け可能である。ファイバ２１の末端は、スリーブ３４内に位置するコネクタ・フェルール２８へと挿入することができる。コネクタ・ハウジングケース３３とフェルール３２を備えたマッチング・コネクタをスリーブ３４に挿入してもよい。この例示的な構成により、２つのファイバ２１と３１との間の光伝送が容易となる。管状構造体２６は、ベアリング３６を介してハウジング３９に接続される。また、管状構造体２６は、ベルト又はギア３８を介して回転モータ３７に接続することができる。モータ３７は管状構造体２６を回転させ、従って、コリメータ１８を回転させることができる。ハウジング３９は、例えば引き戻し操作のために、固定レール４１上に設置される並進ステージ４０に取り付けてもよい。このロータリ接合によって、代替ファイバ３１をコネクタハウジング３３において交換可能にする一方で、回転しないファイバ１１と回転するファイバ３１との間の光伝送がもたらされる。
本発明のある例示的な実施形態において、光ファイバ１１、２１、３１はシングルモード光ファイバとされる。本発明の他の例示的な実施形態によると、各ファイバ１１、２１、３１は、マルチモードファイバ、偏光保持ファイバ、及び／又はフォトニック結晶ファイバでもよい。ファイバ１１、２１はレンズ１２、１８に融着され、これにより、大幅に後方反射を減少させてスループットを高めることが可能である。またこれに代わってコリメータレンズ１２、１８は、非球面屈折レンズ、又は軸方向の勾配屈折率レンズでもよい。レンズ１２、１８の光学面には、使用する光の波長範囲において反射防止コーティングを施してもよい。この波長範囲は、８００±１００ｎｍ（ナノメートル）、１０００乃至１３００ｎｍ、又は１６００乃至１８００ｎｍである。レンズ１２、１８の焦点距離については、約１００μｍから１０００μｍのビーム径を与えるように選択することができる。ファイバ１１、２１、３１からの全スループットは、典型的には７０％より大きく、後方反射は−５５ｄＢ（デジベル）より小さい。管状構造体２６は中空モータ軸でもよく、モータ３７を管状構造体２６と同軸に位置させることで、例えばベルト又はギア３８を不要にすることができる。コネクタ２８、３２の研磨角度は、表面の法線に対して約４°から１０°の間とされて、後方反射を最小限に抑えることができる。コネクタハウジング３３は、好ましくは、例えばＳＣタイプと同様の、スナップ式接続を提供し、組み込み式の端部保護ゲートを備えることができる。
図９は、光周波数領域画像形成（ＯＦＤＩ）システムの例示的な実施形態を示し、ロータリ接合と上述のカテーテルを使用することができる。例えば、光源は波長掃引レーザ８１とされる。ロータリ接合部３９は干渉計の試料アームに接続することができ、この干渉計は、１０／９０カプラ８２、減衰器８４、偏光コントローラ８６、サーキュレータ８８、８９、長さ整合ファイバ９０、コリメータレンズ９２、及び参照ミラー９４を含む。検出回路は、５０／５０カプラ９６、偏光コントローラ９８、偏光ビームスプリッタ９９、１０１、双平衡受光器１０３、１０４、電気フィルタ１０６、１０７、及びデータ取得基板１１１を含むことができる。このデータ取得基板１１１は、コンピュータ１１２に接続され、トリガー回路１１４、モータコントローラ９４、及び並進ステージ４１、４２と通信することができる。ＯＣＴの動作原理は当分野では周知である。双平衡検出と偏光分岐検出（Ｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ Ｄｉｖｅｒｓｅ Ｄｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ）を同時に提供するために、偏光コントローラ９８は、カプラからの２つのファイバ経路の複屈折を整合させることができるように構成される。参照アームの他の偏光コントローラ８６を調整し、偏光ビームスプリッタ１０１、１０２のそれぞれにおいて参照光を等しい比率に分離することができる。スプリッタの後段における、対応する偏光状態（ｘ又はｙで示す）については、双平衡受光器１０３、１０４へと向けられる。
図１０は、上述した本発明によるロータリ接合及びカテーテルを用いて構成される、スペクトル領域ＯＣＴシステムの例示的な実施形態を示す。光源１２１は、低コヒーレンス広帯域光源、パルス性広帯域光源、及び／又はカメラ１２２の読み出し速度に同期して反復動作する可変波長光源を含むことができる。カメラ１２２は、電荷結合素子及び／又はＣＭＯＳ撮像素子に基づく検出器アレイ１２４を用いることができる。干渉信号は、コリメータ１２６、グレーティング（回折格子）１２８等の回折素子、及びフォーカシングレンズ１３１を用いて検出器アレイ１２４に導かれる。ＯＣＴの動作原理は当分野で周知であり、ここに組み込まれる。
前述の説明は単に本発明の原理を例示したに過ぎない。本明細書の説明を考慮して、記載した実施形態に種々の変更や改変を加えることは、当業者にとって明白である。例えば、ここに説明した本発明は、米国特許仮出願第６０／５１４，７６９号（２００３年１０月２７日出願）及び国際特許出願ＰＣＴ／ＵＳ０３／０２３４９（２００３年１月２４日出願）に説明された例示的な方法、システム、及び装置に有用であり、これらの開示内容は、その全体をここに援用する。従って、当業者にとっては、本明細書に明確に提示又は説明されていなくとも、本発明の原理を具現化する数多くのシステム、装置、及び方法に工夫を凝らすことが可能であり、これは本発明の趣旨と範囲内に含まれることが理解されるであろう。また、上記に引用した文献、特許及び特許出願については、本明細書の一部としてその全体をここに援用する。
Claims (18)
- 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送させるための装置であって、
操作中の場合に、試料に少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送する、第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも１つの端部を有する１つ以上の光ファイバと、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバと光学的に連携するように設けられた光伝送光学装置部とを備え、
該光伝送光学装置部は、第２軸に対して垂直な平面部を有する第１面と、曲面部を含む第２面とを備え、前記第１軸が、前記第２軸に対して０°より大きく、かつ９０°より小さい特定の角度で設けられ、
前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面の第１曲率の第１半径と、前記第１平面に対して垂直である第２平面の第２曲率の第２半径とを有し、
前記第１半径は、前記第２半径と異なり、前記第１曲率は、前記第２曲率と異なる、装置。 - 前記平面部は、前記少なくとも１つの電磁放射の一部を少なくとも部分的に反射するように構成され、前記曲面部は、前記少なくとも１つの電磁放射の一部を、当該部分を通して透過させるように構成される、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面内で第１曲率を有し、第３軸に対して垂直な第２平面内で第２曲率を有しており、前記第１平面が前記第２平面と異なり、かつ前記第１曲率が前記第２曲率と異なる、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 前記第１軸と前記第３軸との間になす角度が９０°である、請求項３に記載の装置。
- 前記特定の角度は、前記光伝送光学装置部とその外部の媒質との間で全反射させるための角度である、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 前記第１面の前記平面部が反射面である、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 前記第１面の前記平面部が金属層を有する、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送させるための装置であって、
第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも１つの端部を有する少なくとも１つ以上の光ファイバと、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバと光学的に連携して提供される光伝送光学装置部とを備え、
前記光伝送光学装置部は、第２軸に対して垂直である部分を有する第１面と、曲面部を含む第２面とを含み、前記第１軸は、前記第２軸に対して０°より大きく、かつ９０°よりも小さい特定の角度で設け、
前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面の第１曲率の第１半径と、前記第１平面に対して垂直である第２の平面の第２の曲率の第２の半径とを有し、
前記第１半径は前記第２の半径と異なり、かつ、前記第１曲率は前記第２の曲率と異なり、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバおよび前記光伝送光学装置部は、同一材料からの一体物として形成される、装置 - 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送するための装置であって、
第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも１つの端部を有する少なくとも１つ以上の光ファイバと、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバと光学的に連携して提供される光伝送光学装置部とを備え、
前記光伝送光学装置部は、第２軸に対して垂直である部分を有する第１面と、曲面部を含む第２面とを含み、前記第１軸は、前記第２軸に対して０°よりも大きく、かつ９０°よりも小さい特定の角度で設け、
前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面の第１曲率の第１半径と、前記第１平面に対して垂直である第２平面の第２曲率の第２半径とを有し、
前記第１半径は、前記第２半径と異なり、かつ、前記第１曲率は、前記第２曲率と異なり、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバは、少なくとも１つの第１領域及び少なくとも１つの第２領域を有し、前記第１領域は前記少なくとも１つの電磁放射をガイドする構成とされ、前記第２領域は前記少なくとも１つの電磁放射の導波性をもたず、前記第１領域及び第２領域が前記第１軸に沿って配置される、装置。 - ほぼ透明な部分を有するシースを更に備え、前記光伝送光学装置部がほぼ透明な部分の内側に配置される、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送するための装置であって、
第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも１つの端部を有する１つ以上の光ファイバと、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバと光学的に連携するように設けられた光伝送光学装置部とを備え、
前記光伝送光学装置部は、第２軸に対して垂直な平面部を有する第１面と、曲面部を含む第２面とを備え、前記第１軸は、前記第２軸に対して０°より大きく９０°より小さい特定の角度で設けられ、
前記光伝送光学装置部は、ほぼ透明な部分を有するシースの前記ほぼ透明な部分内に配置され、
前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面の第１曲率の第１半径と、前記第１平面に対して垂直である第２平面の第２曲率の第２半径とを有し、前記第１半径は、前記第２半径と異なり、前記第１曲率は、前記第２曲率と異なり、第１曲率及び第２曲率が前記ほぼ透明な部分によって引き起こされる非点収差を減少させる特性を有する、装置。 - 前記第１曲率及び第２曲率が非点収差を減少させる特性を有する、請求項３に記載の装置。
- 前記１つ以上の光ファイバは、第１及び第２の光ファイバを含み、前記第１及び第２の光ファイバのうちの１つが毎秒３０回転よりも大きく、かつ均一な回転速度で回転する、請求項１に記載の装置。
- 前記第１及び第２の光ファイバのうちの少なくとも１つを長手方向に沿って平行移動させるように構成された並進ステージを更に備える、請求項１３に記載の装置。
- 前記第１及び第２の光ファイバのうちの少なくとも１つが公称カットオフ波長をもつシングルモードファイバである、請求項１３に記載の装置。
- 前記第１及び第２の光ファイバのうちの少なくとも１つの前記公称カットオフ波長が９００ｎｍと１３００ｎｍとの間である、請求項１５に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送させる装置を製造するための方法であって、
操作中の場合に、試料に少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送する、第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも１つの端部を有する１つ以上の光ファイバを提供し、
前記１つ以上の光ファイバと光学的に連携する光伝送光学装置部を提供することを含み、該光伝送光学装置部は、第２軸に対して垂直な平面部を有する第１面と、曲面部を含む第２面とを備え、前記第１軸が、前記第２軸に対して０°より大きく、かつ９０°よりも小さい特定の角度で設けられ、
前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面の第１曲率の第１半径と、前記第１平面に対して垂直である第２平面の第２曲率の第２半径とを有し、前記第１半径は、前記第２半径と異なり、前記第１曲率は、前記第２曲率と異なるようにした方法。 - 少なくとも１つの電磁放射を伝送する装置であって、
第１軸に沿って延びる少なくとも１つの端部を有する１つ以上の光ファイバと、
光学的に連携するように前記１つ以上の光ファイバ内に設けられる光伝送光学装置部と、を備え、
前記光伝送光学装置部は、前記１つ以上の光ファイバから最初に電磁放射を受信するために適所にあり、第２軸に対して垂直な平面を有する第１面と、曲面部を含む第２面とを備え、前記第１軸は、前記第２軸に対して０°より大きく９０°より小さい特定の角度で設けられ、
前記曲面部は、前記第１軸に対して垂直な第１平面の第１曲率の第１半径と、前記第１平面に対して垂直である第２平面の第２曲率の第２半径とを有し、前記第１半径は、前記第２半径と異なり、前記第１曲率は、前記第２曲率と異なる、装置。
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| PCT/US2005/035711 WO2006037132A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | System and method for optical coherence imaging |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10602041B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2020-03-24 | Olympus Corporation | Image capturing device |
| WO2022054161A1 (ja) | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-17 | デラウェーブ株式会社 | 光プローブ及びそれを含む光断層撮影装置 |
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|---|---|
| USRE45512E1 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
| WO2006037132A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
| US7366376B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
| EP1804638A1 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
| US20060067620A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
| KR20070083698A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
| EP2329759A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
| EP1804638B1 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
| JP2008514383A (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
| EP2329759B1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| USRE43875E1 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
| KR101257100B1 (ko) | 2013-04-22 |
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