JP4290947B2 - Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device - Google Patents

Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device Download PDF

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JP4290947B2
JP4290947B2 JP2002250783A JP2002250783A JP4290947B2 JP 4290947 B2 JP4290947 B2 JP 4290947B2 JP 2002250783 A JP2002250783 A JP 2002250783A JP 2002250783 A JP2002250783 A JP 2002250783A JP 4290947 B2 JP4290947 B2 JP 4290947B2
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piezoelectric element
internal electrode
protruding
conductive terminal
electrode
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JP2004095594A (en
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智裕 川元
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、積層型圧電素子及び噴射装置に関し、例えば、自動車用燃料噴射装置、光学装置等の精密位置決め装置や振動防止用の駆動素子等に用いられる積層型圧電素子及び噴射装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来より、積層型圧電素子としては、圧電磁器と内部電極を交互に積層した積層型圧電アクチュエータが知られている。積層型圧電アクチュエータには、同時焼成タイプと、圧電磁器と内部電極板を交互に積層したスタックタイプとの2種類に分類されており、低電圧化、製造コスト低減の面から考慮すると、同時焼成タイプの積層型圧電アクチュエータが薄層化に対して有利であるために、その優位性を示しつつある。
【0003】
図5は、従来の積層型圧電アクチュエータを示すもので、このアクチュエータでは、圧電磁器51と内部電極52が交互に積層されて柱状積層体53が形成され、その積層方向における両端面には不活性層55が積層されている。内部電極52は、その一方の端部が左右交互に絶縁体61で被覆され、その上から帯状外部電極70が内部電極52と左右各々一層おきに導通するように形成されている。帯状外部電極70上には、さらにリード線76が半田77により固定されている。
【0004】
ところで、近年においては、小型の圧電アクチュエータで大きな圧力下において大きな変位量を確保するため、より高い電界を印加し、長期間連続駆動させることが行われている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した圧電アクチュエータでは、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合、圧電磁器51間に形成された内部電極52と、正極、負極用の外部電極70との間で剥離が発生し、一部の圧電磁器51に電圧供給されなくなり、駆動中に変位特性が変化するという問題があった。
【0006】
また、一般に内部電極として高価なAg/Pdが用いられており、しかも近年における圧電磁器の薄層化、積層数の増加に伴い、使用するAg/Pd量が増加し、製造コストが増大するという問題があった。また、内部電極としてAgを用いるためマイグレーションが発生する危険性もあった。
【0007】
本発明は、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極とが断線することがなく、耐久性に優れた安価な積層型圧電素子及び噴射装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の積層型圧電素子は、耐還元性を有する圧電磁器と卑金属からなる内部電極とを交互に積層してなる柱状積層体と、該柱状積層体の側面に設けられ、前記内部電極が一層おきに交互に電気的に接続された一対の外部電極とを具備してなる積層型圧電素子であって、前記内部電極の端部に一層おきに前記柱状積層体の側面から突出する突起状導電性端子を設け、該突起状導電性端子の先端部に板状導電部材からなる前記外部電極を接合してなるとともに、前記突起状導電性端子の根元部が前記柱状積層体の側面に形成されたケイ素含有層に埋設されていることを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明の積層型圧電素子では、内部電極の端部に一層おきに柱状積層体の側面から突出する突起状導電性端子を設け、該突起状導電性端子と、板状導電部材からなる外部電極とを接合したため、アクチュエータが積層方向に駆動すると、突起状導電性端子が変形してアクチュエータの伸縮によって生じる応力を吸収するため、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続運転させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制することができ、耐久性を大幅に向上できる。
【0010】
また、内部電極を安価な卑金属を用いて形成でき、安価な積層型圧電素子が得られるとともに、Agを内部電極材料として用いないため、マイグレーションを防止できる。
【0011】
また、本発明ではケイ素含有層が、柱状積層体の側面における圧電磁器表面に強固に接合しており、このケイ素含有層に突起状導電性端子の根元部が埋設され、これにより、突起状導電性端子を内部電極の端部に強固に接合したまま、保持することができ、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極とが断線することがなく、耐久性に優れた積層型圧電素子を提供することができる。
【0012】
さらに、本発明では、内部電極はCuを主成分とすることを特徴とする。内部電極としてCuを用いているため、Ag/Pd電極に比べ、安価に作製できるとともに、Agを内部電極材料として用いていないため、マイグレーションを防止できる。
【0013】
また、本発明では、外部電極の厚みが50μm以下であることを特徴とする。外部電極の厚みが50μmよりも大きい場合には、外部電極がアクチュエータの伸縮に追従できずに外部電極と突起状導電性端子の間、若しくは突起状導電性端子と内部電極の間で断線を起こし易くなるからである。従って、外部電極の厚みを50μm以下とすることにより、アクチュエータを連続駆動させた場合にも、アクチュエータの伸縮に充分追従でき、外部電極と内部電極が断線するといった問題が生じるのを防ぐことができる。
【0014】
また、本発明では、突起状導電性端子と板状導電部材が銀を主成分とすることが望ましい。これは、突起状導電性端子と板状導電部材の主成分を銀とすることにより、突起状導電性端子と内部電極の間、及び突起状導電性端子と板状導電部材の間の接合強度を強固にすることができ、アクチュエータを高電界下で駆動させた場合にも、外部電極と内部電極が断線することがなく、耐久性を大きく向上させることができる。また、突起状導電性端子と板状導電部材の主成分をヤング率の低い銀とすることによりアクチュエータの駆動時に生じる応力を十分吸収することができ、外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制できる。
【0015】
本発明の噴射装置は、噴射孔を有する収納容器と、該収納容器内に収容された上記積層型圧電素子と、該積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から液体を噴出させるバルブとを具備するものである。
【0016】
このような噴射装置では、上記したように、積層型圧電素子が、安価で、外部電極と内部電極との断線を抑制でき、耐久性を大幅に向上できるため、噴射装置が安価であり、耐久性を向上できる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の積層型圧電アクチュエータからなる積層型圧電素子の一形態を示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A’線に沿った縦断面図、(c)は(a)の一部を拡大して示す斜視図、(d)は内部電極と外部電極の接合部近傍の拡大図である。
【0018】
積層型圧電アクチュエータは、図1に示すように、圧電磁器1と内部電極2とを交互に積層してなる四角柱状の柱状積層体1aの側面において、内部電極2の端部を一層おきに絶縁体3で被覆し、絶縁体3で被覆していない内部電極2の端部に、積層型圧電素子の伸縮方向に変形可能な突起状導電性端子5を設け、該突起状導電性端子5に板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4を接合し、各外部電極4にリード線6を接続固定して構成されている。
【0019】
圧電磁器1は、例えば、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(以下PZTと略す)、或いはチタン酸バリウムBaTiO3を主成分とする圧電セラミックス材料等で形成されている。この圧電セラミックスは、その圧電特性を示す圧電歪み定数d33が高いものが望ましい。尚、圧電磁器1は、耐還元性を有するものであれば特に限定されるものではない。
【0020】
また、圧電磁器1の厚み、つまり内部電極2間の距離は50〜250μmが望ましい。これは、積層型圧電アクチュエータは電圧を印加してより大きな変位量を得るために、積層数を増加させる方法がとられるが、積層数を増加させた場合に圧電磁器1の厚みが厚すぎるとアクチュエータの小型化、低背化ができなくなり、一方、圧電磁器1の厚みが薄すぎると絶縁破壊しやすいからである。
【0021】
圧電磁器1の間には内部電極2が配されているが、この内部電極2は卑金属から形成されており、各圧電磁器1に所定の電圧を印加し、圧電磁器1に逆圧電効果による変位を起こさせる作用をなす。卑金属としては、Cu、Co、Ni等があり、特に、焼成時に内部電極が酸化しにくいという点からCuが望ましい。
【0022】
また、突起状導電性端子5が形成された柱状積層体1aの側面は、内部電極2一層おきに深さ50〜500μm、積層方向の幅30〜200μmの凹溝11が形成されており、この凹溝11内にガラス、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、シリコーンゴム等が充填されて絶縁体3が形成されている。この絶縁体3は、柱状積層体1aとの接合を強固とするために、柱状積層体1aの変位に対して追従する弾性率が低い材料、具体的にはシリコーンゴム等からなることが好適である。
【0023】
突起状導電性端子5と絶縁体3は、外部電極4が形成される柱状積層体1aの側面に露出した内部電極2に、交互に形成されている。
【0024】
即ち、凹溝11内に充填された絶縁体3により内部電極2の端部が互い違いに一層おきに絶縁され、内部電極2の絶縁されていない他方の端部は、突起状導電性端子5を介して板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4と接合されている。
【0025】
柱状積層体1aの対向する側面には、それぞれ板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4が突起状導電性端子5を介して接続固定されており、該外部電極4には、積層されている内部電極2が一層おきに電気的に接続されている。この板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4は、接続されている各内部電極2に圧電磁器1を逆圧電効果により変位させるに必要な電圧を共通に供給する作用をなす。
【0026】
さらに、外部電極4にはリード線6が半田により接続固定されている。このリード線6は外部電極4を外部の電圧供給部に接続する作用をなす。
【0027】
そして、本発明では、上記したように板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4が突起状導電性端子5を介して内部電極2と接続されている。このため、アクチュエータを高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、突起状導電性端子5がアクチュエータの伸縮によって生じる応力を吸収し、該外部電極4と内部電極2の断線を抑制することができ、耐久性に優れたアクチュエータを提供することができる。
【0028】
後述するケイ素含有層から突出した突起状導電性端子5の積層方向と同一方向の幅Bは、図1(c)に示すように、外部電極4と内部電極2との接続部の抵抗を低くし、且つアクチュエータの駆動時に生じる応力を十分に吸収するという点から、1μm以上且つ圧電磁器1厚みの1/2以下であることが望ましい。特には、幅Bは5〜25μmが望ましい。
【0029】
さらに、板状導電部材4aの厚みtは、アクチュエータの伸縮に追従し、外部電極4と突起状導電性端子5の間、若しくは突起状導電性端子5と内部電極2の間で断線を生じないという点から、50μm以下であることが望ましい。
【0030】
また、突起状導電性端子5は、銀、ニッケル、銅、金、アルミニウム等の導電性を備えた金属及びそれらの合金からなり、アクチュエータの伸縮によって生じる応力を十分に吸収するという点から、ヤング率の低い銀、若しくは銀が主成分の合金が望ましい。
【0031】
さらに、板状導電部材4aは、銀、ニッケル、銅、金、アルミニウム等の導電性を備えた金属及びそれらの合金からなり、このうち、突起状導電性端子5との接合強度が強く、ヤング率が低いという点から、銀、若しくは銀が主成分の合金が望ましい。
【0032】
突起状導電性端子5と板状導電部材4aからなる外部電強4との接合は、荷重を加えた状態で窒素雰囲気等の還元雰囲気で700〜950℃で熱処理することにより、主成分である銀が突起状導電性端子5と板状導電部材4a間を相互に拡散し、いわゆる銀の拡散接合によってなされる。また、内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5の接合部はケイ素含有層10中に埋設しており、内部電極2を構成する卑金属と、突起状導電性端子5を構成する銀が相互拡散し、連続的に内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5が拡散接合されている。
【0033】
即ち、本発明では、突起状導電性端子5の根元部5aが、柱状積層体1aの側面における圧電磁器1表面に形成されたケイ素含有層10に埋設され、突起状導電性端子5の先端部が板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4に接続されている。
【0034】
ここで、突起状導電性端子5の根元部5aは、内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5の接続部近傍における突起状導電性端子5の部分を意味するが、突起状導電性端子5を形成する銀と内部電極2を構成する卑金属が相互拡散し、連続的に内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5が接続されているため、内部電極2の厚みよりも大きくなり始めた箇所が内部電極2と突起状導電性端子5の接続部となり、それよりも先端側が突起状導電性端子5の根元部5aとなる。
【0035】
このケイ素含有層10の最小厚みdは、突起状導電性端子5と、内部電極2及び柱状積層体1aとの接合強度を強固なものにし、且つケイ素含有層10により圧電磁器1の特性が低下するのを防止するという点から、2〜100μmであることが望ましく、特には5〜15μmが望ましい。このような厚みのケイ素含有層10を形成するためには、50〜80体積%の銀等の導電性金属粉末と、残部がケイ素を主成分とし、軟化点600〜950℃の20〜50体積%のガラス粉末とからなる固形成分に、バインダーを加えて導電性ペーストを作製し、該導電性ペーストを柱状積層体1aの側面に塗布し、ガラスの軟化点以上の温度、即ち窒素雰囲気等の還元雰囲気700〜950℃で焼き付けを行うことにより達成できる。
【0036】
ケイ素含有層10中のケイ素の分布は表面近傍が最も多く、内部側にいくほど、即ち深さが深くなるにつれ減少していき、逆に圧電磁器1を形成するPbは深さが浅くなるにつれ減少している。なお、ケイ素は圧電磁器1の内部においても少量の不純物若しくは添加物として存在するが、圧電磁器1内部で均一の分布状態で存在するケイ素の量が増加し始めるところから柱状積層体1a表面までの距離をケイ素含有層10の厚みdとする。
【0037】
また、本発明では、突起状導電性端子5と内部電極2及び柱状積層体1aとの接合をさらに確実強固なものとするために、図1(d)に示すように、ケイ素含有層10が突起状導電性端子5を補佐するように、突起状導電性端子5の根元部5aの周りにはケイ素含有層10の隆起部10aが形成されている。即ち、突起状導電性端子5の根元部5aはケイ素含有層10の隆起部10aに埋設されている。ケイ素含有層10の隆起部10aは、ケイ素含有層10の最小厚みdを有する部分からの高さが1〜5μmであることが望ましい。突起状導電性端子5の断面形状は、土筆状若しくはきのこ状が望ましい。
【0038】
また、突起状導電性端子5のケイ素含有層10からの突出高さh、即ちケイ素含有層10の最小厚みdを有する部分から板状導電部材4aまでの距離は、アクチュエータの伸縮によって生じる応力を十分に吸収するという点から、圧電磁器1厚みの1/20以上であることが望ましい。特には突出高さhは、15〜50μmが望ましい。
【0039】
さらに、外部電極4にはリード線6が半田により接続固定されている。このリード線6は外部電極4を外部の電圧供給部に接続する作用をなす。
【0040】
本発明の積層型圧電素子の製法について説明する。まず、柱状積層体1aを作製する。圧電磁器1と内部電極2とを交互に積層して成る柱状積層体1aは、耐還元性を有する圧電セラミックスの仮焼粉末と、アクリル系、ブチラール系等の有機高分子から成るバインダーと、DBP(フタル酸ジオチル)、DOP(フタル酸ジブチル)等の可塑剤とを混合してスラリーを作製し、該スラリーを周知のドクターブレード法やカレンダーロール法等のテープ成型法により圧電磁器1となるセラミックグリーンシートを作製する。
【0041】
次に、例えば、Cu粉末にバインダー、可塑剤等を添加混合して導電性ペーストを作製し、これを前記各グリーンシートの上面にスクリーン印刷等によって1〜40μmの厚みに印刷する。
【0042】
そして、上面に導電性ペーストが印刷されたグリーンシートを積層し、この積層体について所定の温度で脱バインダーを行った後、窒素雰囲気等の還元雰囲気中で960℃以下で焼成することによって作製される。
【0043】
その後、柱状積層体1aの対向する側面に、図2(a)に示すように、例えば、粒径0.1〜10μmの銀粉末を50〜80体積%と、残部が粒径0.1〜10μmでケイ素を主成分とする軟化点が600〜950℃のガラス粉末20〜50体積%からなる混合物に、バインダーを加えて作製した銀ガラス導電性ペースト21を塗布し、ガラスの軟化点以上の温度の700〜950℃で窒素雰囲気等の還元雰囲気中で焼き付けを行うことにより、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中の銀が内部電極2端部に集合し、図2(b)に示すように、土筆状やきのこ状の突起状導電性端子5及びケイ素含有層10を形成することができる。
【0044】
即ち、ペーストにガラス成分を分散させておくことにより、焼き付け時にガラスが軟化し、この状態において圧電磁器1には拡散しにくい銀が内部電極2の端部に拡散して寄り集まるため、図2(b)に示すような突起状導電性端子5を形成できる。
【0045】
この突起状導電性端子5は柱状積層体1aの側面の一部に形成されており、レール状に形成され、その長さは板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4の幅とほぼ同一とされている。尚、突起状導電性端子5の長さは、外部電極4の幅よりも短くても良い。
【0046】
銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中の銀粉末を50〜80体積%、残部のガラス粉末を20〜50体積%としたのは、この範囲内とすることにより、突起状導電端子5を構成する銀成分が適量となり、形成される突起状導電性端子5の突出高さhを高くできるとともに、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中の固形分残部であるガラス成分が適量となるため、該銀ガラス導電性ペースト21の焼き付け時に溶融するガラス成分も適量であり、銀成分が内部電極2端部に容易に集合し、突起状導電性端子5の突出高さhを高くできる。
【0047】
上述のように突起状導電性端子5を形成した後、図2(c)に示すようにダイシング装置等により突起状導電性端子5の形成された柱状積層体1aの側面に一層おきに凹溝11を形成する。
【0048】
その後、図2(d)に示すように、銀からなる板状導電部材4aを突起状導電性端子5に当接させ押圧して荷重を加え、700〜950℃で窒素雰囲気等の還元雰囲気中で熱処理することにより、主成分である銀が突起状導電性端子5と板状導電部材4a間を相互に拡散し、いわゆる銀の拡散接合によって接合される。
【0049】
なお、この際に加える荷重は圧力にして、2〜500kPaが望ましい。この範囲とすることにより、突起状導電性端子5と板状導電部材4aとの間で拡散接合を十分に行うことができ、接合部の強度を高くできるとともに、圧力が適度となるため、突起状導電性端子5の変形を防止できる。
【0050】
その後、凹溝11に絶縁体3を充填し、リード線6を接続することにより本発明の積層型圧電素子が完成する。
【0051】
なお、柱状積層体1aの側面に一層おきに凹溝を形成した後に、凹溝間の素子本体側面に銀ガラス導電性ペースト21を塗布し、焼き付けを行い突起状導電性端子5を形成してもよい。
【0052】
次に、本発明の積層型圧電素子の他の製法について説明する。上述と同様に柱状積層体1aを形成した後、該柱状積層体1aの側面に一層おきに凹溝を形成する。
【0053】
その後、該柱状積層体1aの溝以外の柱状積層体1aに露出した内部電極2およびこの内部電極2の近傍の圧電磁器1表面に、上述と同様の銀ガラス導電性ペースト21を塗布乾燥し、この銀ガラス導電性ペースト21に板状導電部材4aを押圧するように荷重を加えた状態で700〜950℃の窒素雰囲気等の還元雰囲気中で熱処理することにより、銀ガラス導電性ペースト21中のガラスが溶融し、溶融したガラス中に存在する銀成分が内部電極2の端部に集合し、柱状積層体1aの側面から突出する突起状導電性端子5が形成されるとともに、該突起状導電性端子5の先端部を板状導電部材4aに接続することができる。
【0054】
その後、凹溝11に絶縁体3を充填し、リード線6を接続することにより本発明の積層型圧電素子が完成する。
【0055】
そして、リード線6を介して一対の外部電極4に0.1〜3kV/mmの直流電圧を印加し、柱状積層体1aを分極処理することによって、製品としての積層型圧電アクチュエータが完成し、リード線6を外部の電圧供給部に接続し、リード線6及び外部電極4を介して内部電極2に電圧を印加させれば、各圧電磁器1は逆圧電効果によって大きく変位し、これによって例えばエンジンに燃料を噴射供給する自動車用燃料噴射弁として機能する。
【0056】
以上のように構成された積層型圧電素子は、板状導電部材4aからなる外部電極4が突起状導電性端子5を介して内部電極2と接続されているため、アクチュエータを高電界下、連続で駆動させた場合でも、突起状導電性端子5が変形して突起状導電性端子5が駆動時に生じる応力を十分に吸収できるため、外部電極4と内部電極2との間でスパークが生じるといった問題を防ぐことができ、高信頼性のアクチュエータを提供することができる。
【0057】
また、内部電極材料として卑金属、特にCuを用いることができ、安価な積層型圧電素子を得ることができるとともに、Agを内部電極材料として用いないため、マイグレーションを防止することができる。
【0058】
尚、外部電極4に弾性率を小さくするため凹溝やスリットを形成しても良い。また、外部電極4の外側に、図3に示すように、導電性補助部材7を設けても良い。導電性補助部材7を設けた場合には、アクチュエータに大電流を投入し、高速で駆動させる場合においても、大電流を導電性補助部材7に流すことができ、外部電極4に流れる電流を低減できるという理由から、外部電極4が局所発熱を起こし断線することを防ぐことができ、耐久性を大幅に向上させることができる。
【0059】
本発明の積層型圧電素子はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲であれば種々の変更は可能である。
【0060】
また、上記例では、柱状積層体1aの対向する側面に外部電極4を形成した例について説明したが、本発明では、例えば隣設する側面に一対の外部電極を形成してもよい。
【0061】
図4は、本発明の噴射装置を示すもので、図において符号31は収納容器を示している。この収納容器31の一端には噴射孔33が設けられ、また収納容器31内には、噴射孔33を開閉することができるニードルバルブ35が収容されている。
【0062】
噴射孔33には燃料通路37が連通可能に設けられ、この燃料通路37は外部の燃料供給源に連結され、燃料通路37に常時一定の高圧で燃料が供給されている。従って、ニードルバルブ35が噴射孔33を開放すると、燃料通路37に供給されていた燃料が一定の高圧で内燃機関の図示しない燃料室内に噴出されるように形成されている。
【0063】
また、ニードルバルブ35の上端部は直径が大きくなっており、収納容器31に形成されたシリンダ39と摺動可能なピストン41となっている。そして、収納容器31内には、上記した圧電アクチュエータ43が収納されている。
【0064】
このような噴射装置では、圧電アクチュエータ43が電圧を印加されて伸長すると、ピストン41が押圧され、ニードルバルブ35が噴射孔33を閉塞し、燃料の供給が停止される。また、電圧の印加が停止されると圧電アクチュエータ43が収縮し、皿バネ45がピストン41を押し返し、噴射孔33が燃料通路37と連通して燃料の噴射が行われるようになっている。
【0065】
【実施例】
まず、組成がPb0.96Ba0.04Yb0.0050.005Zr0.49Ti0.503で表されるセラミック粉末と、アクリル系の有機高分子から成るバインダーと、可塑剤とを混合してスラリーを作製し、該スラリーをドクターブレード法でセラミックグリーンシートを作製した。
【0066】
次に、Cu粉末にバインダー、可塑剤等を添加混合して導電性ペーストを作製し、これを前記各グリーンシートの上面にスクリーン印刷によって印刷した。
【0067】
そして、上面に導電性ペーストが印刷されたグリーンシートを積層し、この積層体について脱バインダーを行った後、窒素雰囲気中で950℃で焼成した。
【0068】
圧電磁器は厚み150μm、内部電極の厚み3μmで、圧電磁器及び内部電極の各々の積層数は300層とした。
【0069】
次に、平均粒径5μmの銀粉末を60体積%と、残部が平均粒径5μmのケイ素を主成分とし、アルミニウムを含む軟化点が750℃の硼珪酸ガラス粉末40体積%との混合物にバインダーを加え、十分に混合して、銀ガラス導電性ペーストを作製し、図2(a)に示すように、前記柱状積層体の側面に該銀ガラス導電性ペーストを塗布し、窒素雰囲気中800℃で焼き付け、図2(b)に示すように、柱状積層体の側面に露出した内部電極の端部に突起状導電性端子を形成するとともに、突起状導電性端子の根元部を埋設するケイ素含有層を形成した。
【0070】
この後、図2(c)に示すように、突起状導電性端子を含む内部電極の端部一層おきに、深さ150μm、幅50μmの凹溝を形成した後、図2(d)に示すように、銀からなる厚み25μmの板状導電部材を、突起状導電性端子に30kPaで押圧し窒素雰囲気中900℃で接合した。
【0071】
その後、凹溝に絶縁体としてシリコーンゴムを充填し、板状導電部材にリード線を接続した。
【0072】
その後、正極及び負極の外部電極にリード線を介して3kV/mmの直流電界を15分間印加して分極処理を行い、図1に示すような積層型圧電アクチュエータを作製した。
【0073】
なお、突起状導電性端子には、内部電極からCuが拡散し、内部電極には突起状導電性端子から銀が拡散していた。また、突起状導電性端子の形成された柱状積層体の表面にはケイ素と鉛を含有する厚み10μmのケイ素含有層(ガラス層)が形成され、前記突起状導電性端子の根元部にはケイ素含有層の隆起部が形成されていた。また、このときの突起状導電性端子の積層方向と同一方向の幅Bは10μm、高さhは平均で20μmであった。なお、ケイ素含有層の厚みdは、X線回折測定においてSi元素が実質的に存在しなくなる部分からの厚みとして算出した。
【0074】
得られた積層型圧電アクチュエータに150Vの直流電圧を印加した結果、積層方向に40μmの変位量が得られた。さらに、このアクチュエータに室温で0〜+150Vの交流電圧を120Hzの周波数にて印加して1×109サイクルまで駆動したところ40μmの変位量が得られ、外部電極の異常は見られなかった。
【0075】
【発明の効果】
本発明の積層型圧電素子によれば、積層型圧電素子の伸縮によって生じる応力を十分に吸収することができ、外部電極と内部電極の間の接点不良や、外部電極が断線するといった問題を防ぐことができ、高信頼性を備えるとともに、安価でマイグレーションのない積層型圧電素子を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の積層型圧電素子を示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A’線に沿った縦断面図、(c)は(a)の一部を拡大して示す斜視図、(d)は(b)の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明の積層型圧電素子の製法を説明する工程図である。
【図3】外部電極表面に導電性補助部材を設けた積層型圧電素子を示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A’線に沿った縦断面図である。
【図4】本発明の噴射装置を示す説明図である。
【図5】従来の積層型圧電アクチュエータの縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・圧電磁器
1a・・・柱状積層体
2・・・内部電極
4・・・外部電極
4a・・・板状導電部材
5・・・突起状導電性端子
5a・・・根元部
10・・・ケイ素含有層
31・・・収納容器
33・・・噴射孔
35・・・バルブ
43・・・圧電アクチュエータ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device, for example, a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device used for a precision positioning device such as a fuel injection device for an automobile and an optical device, a driving element for vibration prevention, and the like. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a multilayer piezoelectric element, a multilayer piezoelectric actuator in which piezoelectric ceramics and internal electrodes are alternately stacked is known. Multilayer piezoelectric actuators are classified into two types: the simultaneous firing type and the stack type in which piezoelectric ceramics and internal electrode plates are alternately laminated. Since the multilayer piezoelectric actuator of the type is advantageous for thinning, its superiority is being shown.
[0003]
FIG. 5 shows a conventional laminated piezoelectric actuator. In this actuator, piezoelectric ceramics 51 and internal electrodes 52 are alternately laminated to form a columnar laminated body 53, and inactive on both end faces in the lamination direction. Layer 55 is laminated. The internal electrode 52 is formed so that one end thereof is alternately covered with the insulator 61 on the left and right sides, and the strip-like external electrode 70 is electrically connected to the internal electrode 52 every two layers on the left and right. On the strip-shaped external electrode 70, a lead wire 76 is further fixed with solder 77.
[0004]
By the way, in recent years, in order to ensure a large amount of displacement under a large pressure with a small piezoelectric actuator, a higher electric field is applied to continuously drive for a long time.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described piezoelectric actuator, when continuously driven for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, peeling occurs between the internal electrode 52 formed between the piezoelectric ceramics 51 and the external electrode 70 for positive and negative electrodes. There is a problem in that the voltage is not supplied to some of the piezoelectric ceramics 51 and the displacement characteristics change during driving.
[0006]
In addition, expensive Ag / Pd is generally used as the internal electrode, and the amount of Ag / Pd to be used increases and the manufacturing cost increases as the piezoelectric ceramic is thinned and the number of layers is increased in recent years. There was a problem. Moreover, since Ag is used as the internal electrode, there is a risk of migration.
[0007]
The present invention provides a low-cost multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device that are excellent in durability without disconnecting the external electrode and the internal electrode even when continuously driven for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure. For the purpose.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is provided with a columnar laminate formed by alternately laminating a piezoelectric ceramic having reduction resistance and an internal electrode made of a base metal, and provided on the side surface of the columnar laminate. A stacked piezoelectric element comprising a pair of external electrodes that are alternately electrically connected to each other, and projecting from the side surface of the columnar stacked body at every other end of the internal electrode; A conductive terminal is provided, and a plate-shaped conductive member is formed at the tip of the protruding conductive terminal. Above Joined external electrode And a base portion of the protruding conductive terminal is embedded in a silicon-containing layer formed on a side surface of the columnar laminate. It is characterized by that.
[0009]
In the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, the protruding electrode terminals protruding from the side surfaces of the columnar stacked body are provided at every other end of the internal electrode, and the protruding electrode terminals and the external electrode composed of the plate-shaped conductive member When the actuator is driven in the laminating direction, the protruding conductive terminals are deformed and absorb the stress generated by the expansion and contraction of the actuator, so even when operated continuously for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, The disconnection between the electrode and the internal electrode can be suppressed, and the durability can be greatly improved.
[0010]
In addition, the internal electrode can be formed using an inexpensive base metal, and an inexpensive laminated piezoelectric element can be obtained. Further, since Ag is not used as the internal electrode material, migration can be prevented.
[0011]
In the present invention, , The silicon-containing layer is firmly bonded to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic on the side surface of the columnar laminate, and the base portion of the protruding conductive terminal is embedded in the silicon-containing layer, whereby the protruding conductive terminal is connected to the internal electrode. It can be held while being firmly joined to the end of the electrode, and even when continuously driven for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, the external electrode and the internal electrode are not disconnected, and has excellent durability. A laminated piezoelectric element can be provided.
[0012]
Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that the internal electrode contains Cu as a main component. Since Cu is used as the internal electrode, it can be manufactured at a lower cost than the Ag / Pd electrode, and migration is prevented because Ag is not used as the internal electrode material.
[0013]
In the present invention, the thickness of the external electrode is 50 μm or less. If the thickness of the external electrode is larger than 50 μm, the external electrode cannot follow the expansion and contraction of the actuator, causing a disconnection between the external electrode and the protruding conductive terminal or between the protruding conductive terminal and the internal electrode. It is because it becomes easy. Therefore, by setting the thickness of the external electrode to 50 μm or less, even when the actuator is continuously driven, it is possible to sufficiently follow the expansion and contraction of the actuator, and it is possible to prevent problems such as disconnection of the external electrode and the internal electrode. .
[0014]
In the present invention, it is desirable that the protruding conductive terminal and the plate-like conductive member are mainly composed of silver. This is because the main component of the protruding conductive terminal and the plate-like conductive member is silver, so that the bonding strength between the protruding conductive terminal and the internal electrode and between the protruding conductive terminal and the plate-like conductive member is Even when the actuator is driven under a high electric field, the external electrode and the internal electrode are not disconnected, and the durability can be greatly improved. In addition, by using silver having a low Young's modulus as the main component of the protruding conductive terminals and the plate-like conductive member, the stress generated when the actuator is driven can be sufficiently absorbed, and disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode can be suppressed. .
[0015]
An injection device of the present invention includes a storage container having an injection hole, the stacked piezoelectric element stored in the storage container, and a valve for ejecting liquid from the injection hole by driving the stacked piezoelectric element. To do.
[0016]
In such an injection device, as described above, the multilayer piezoelectric element is inexpensive, can suppress the disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode, and can greatly improve the durability. Therefore, the injection device is inexpensive and durable. Can be improved.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1A and 1B show one embodiment of a multilayer piezoelectric element comprising a multilayer piezoelectric actuator of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a perspective view, and FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line AA 'in FIG. (C) is the perspective view which expands and shows a part of (a), (d) is an enlarged view of the junction part vicinity of an internal electrode and an external electrode.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated piezoelectric actuator insulates the end portions of the internal electrodes 2 every other layer on the side surface of the quadrangular columnar laminated body 1a in which the piezoelectric ceramics 1 and the internal electrodes 2 are alternately laminated. Protruding conductive terminals 5 that can be deformed in the expansion and contraction direction of the multilayer piezoelectric element are provided at the ends of the internal electrodes 2 that are covered with the body 3 and are not covered with the insulator 3. An external electrode 4 made of a plate-like conductive member 4 a is joined, and a lead wire 6 is connected and fixed to each external electrode 4.
[0019]
The piezoelectric ceramic 1 is, for example, lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zr, Ti) O. Three (Hereinafter abbreviated as PZT) or barium titanate BaTiO Three It is formed with the piezoelectric ceramic material etc. which have as a main component. This piezoelectric ceramic has a piezoelectric strain constant d indicating its piezoelectric characteristics. 33 A high value is desirable. The piezoelectric ceramic 1 is not particularly limited as long as it has reduction resistance.
[0020]
The thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic 1, that is, the distance between the internal electrodes 2 is preferably 50 to 250 μm. In order to obtain a larger displacement amount by applying a voltage to the stacked piezoelectric actuator, a method of increasing the number of stacked layers is used. However, when the number of stacked layers is increased, the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is too thick. This is because the actuator cannot be reduced in size and height, and if the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 is too thin, dielectric breakdown is likely to occur.
[0021]
An internal electrode 2 is disposed between the piezoelectric ceramics 1. The internal electrodes 2 are made of a base metal, and a predetermined voltage is applied to each piezoelectric ceramic 1, and the piezoelectric ceramics 1 are displaced by the inverse piezoelectric effect. It makes the action to cause. Examples of the base metal include Cu, Co, Ni, and the like. In particular, Cu is desirable because the internal electrode is not easily oxidized during firing.
[0022]
Further, the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a on which the projecting conductive terminals 5 are formed is provided with a concave groove 11 having a depth of 50 to 500 μm and a width in the stacking direction of 30 to 200 μm every two internal electrodes. The insulator 3 is formed by filling the concave groove 11 with glass, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, silicone rubber or the like. The insulator 3 is preferably made of a material having a low elastic modulus that follows the displacement of the columnar laminate 1a, specifically, silicone rubber or the like in order to strengthen the bonding with the columnar laminate 1a. is there.
[0023]
The protruding conductive terminals 5 and the insulators 3 are alternately formed on the internal electrodes 2 exposed on the side surfaces of the columnar laminated body 1a on which the external electrodes 4 are formed.
[0024]
That is, the end portions of the internal electrodes 2 are alternately insulated by the insulators 3 filled in the concave grooves 11, and the other uninsulated end portions of the internal electrodes 2 are connected to the protruding conductive terminals 5. It is joined to the external electrode 4 made of the plate-like conductive member 4a.
[0025]
External electrodes 4 each made of a plate-like conductive member 4a are connected and fixed to the opposing side surfaces of the columnar laminated body 1a via projecting conductive terminals 5, and the external electrodes 4 are stacked inside. The electrodes 2 are electrically connected every other layer. The external electrode 4 made of the plate-like conductive member 4a serves to supply in common a voltage necessary for displacing the piezoelectric ceramic 1 to each connected internal electrode 2 by the reverse piezoelectric effect.
[0026]
Furthermore, a lead wire 6 is connected and fixed to the external electrode 4 with solder. The lead wire 6 serves to connect the external electrode 4 to an external voltage supply unit.
[0027]
In the present invention, as described above, the external electrode 4 made of the plate-like conductive member 4 a is connected to the internal electrode 2 via the protruding conductive terminal 5. For this reason, even when the actuator is continuously driven for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure, the protruding conductive terminal 5 absorbs the stress generated by the expansion and contraction of the actuator, and suppresses disconnection between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2. It is possible to provide an actuator with excellent durability.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 1C, the width B in the same direction as the stacking direction of the protruding conductive terminals 5 protruding from the silicon-containing layer, which will be described later, reduces the resistance of the connection portion between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2. In addition, it is desirable that the thickness is 1 μm or more and ½ or less of the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 from the viewpoint of sufficiently absorbing the stress generated when the actuator is driven. In particular, the width B is desirably 5 to 25 μm.
[0029]
Furthermore, the thickness t of the plate-like conductive member 4a follows the expansion and contraction of the actuator, and no disconnection occurs between the external electrode 4 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 or between the protruding conductive terminal 5 and the internal electrode 2. Therefore, it is desirable that the thickness is 50 μm or less.
[0030]
Further, the projecting conductive terminal 5 is made of a metal having conductivity such as silver, nickel, copper, gold, and aluminum, and an alloy thereof, and can sufficiently absorb the stress generated by the expansion and contraction of the actuator. Silver having a low rate or an alloy containing silver as a main component is desirable.
[0031]
Further, the plate-like conductive member 4a is made of a metal having conductivity such as silver, nickel, copper, gold, and aluminum, and an alloy thereof, and among these, the bonding strength with the protruding conductive terminal 5 is high, and the Young In view of the low rate, silver or an alloy containing silver as a main component is desirable.
[0032]
The joint between the protruding conductive terminal 5 and the external electric strength 4 composed of the plate-like conductive member 4a is a main component by heat treatment at 700 to 950 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere with a load applied. Silver diffuses between the protruding conductive terminals 5 and the plate-like conductive member 4a, and is performed by so-called silver diffusion bonding. The joint between the internal electrode 2 and the projecting conductive terminal 5 is embedded in the silicon-containing layer 10, and the base metal constituting the internal electrode 2 and the silver constituting the projecting conductive terminal 5 are interdiffused. The internal electrode 2 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 are continuously diffusion-bonded.
[0033]
That is, in the present invention, the root portion 5a of the protruding conductive terminal 5 is embedded in the silicon-containing layer 10 formed on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 on the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a, and the tip portion of the protruding conductive terminal 5 Is connected to an external electrode 4 made of a plate-like conductive member 4a.
[0034]
Here, the root portion 5 a of the protruding conductive terminal 5 means a portion of the protruding conductive terminal 5 in the vicinity of the connection portion between the internal electrode 2 and the protruding conductive terminal 5. Since the silver to be formed and the base metal constituting the internal electrode 2 are mutually diffused, and the internal electrode 2 and the protruding conductive terminal 5 are continuously connected, the location where the thickness of the internal electrode 2 begins to become larger is the internal The electrode 2 and the projecting conductive terminal 5 are connected to each other, and the tip side of the electrode 2 and the projecting conductive terminal 5 is the root portion 5a of the projecting conductive terminal 5.
[0035]
The minimum thickness d of the silicon-containing layer 10 enhances the bonding strength between the protruding conductive terminal 5, the internal electrode 2 and the columnar laminate 1a, and the silicon-containing layer 10 reduces the characteristics of the piezoelectric ceramic 1. From the standpoint of preventing this, it is preferably 2 to 100 μm, particularly 5 to 15 μm. In order to form the silicon-containing layer 10 having such a thickness, a conductive metal powder such as 50 to 80% by volume of silver and the balance is mainly composed of silicon, and a softening point of 600 to 950 ° C. and 20 to 50 volume. %, A conductive paste is prepared by adding a binder to a solid component composed of glass powder, the conductive paste is applied to the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a, and the temperature is equal to or higher than the softening point of the glass, that is, a nitrogen atmosphere or the like. This can be achieved by baking at a reducing atmosphere of 700 to 950 ° C.
[0036]
The distribution of silicon in the silicon-containing layer 10 is the largest in the vicinity of the surface, and decreases toward the inner side, that is, as the depth becomes deeper. Conversely, as the depth of Pb forming the piezoelectric ceramic 1 becomes shallower. is decreasing. Silicon is present as a small amount of impurities or additives in the piezoelectric ceramic 1, but from the point where the amount of silicon existing in a uniform distribution state in the piezoelectric ceramic 1 starts to increase to the surface of the columnar laminate 1a. Let the distance be the thickness d of the silicon-containing layer 10.
[0037]
Further, in the present invention, in order to make the bonding between the projecting conductive terminal 5 and the internal electrode 2 and the columnar laminate 1a more surely strong, as shown in FIG. A protruding portion 10 a of the silicon-containing layer 10 is formed around the root portion 5 a of the protruding conductive terminal 5 so as to assist the protruding conductive terminal 5. That is, the root portion 5 a of the protruding conductive terminal 5 is embedded in the raised portion 10 a of the silicon-containing layer 10. As for the protruding part 10a of the silicon containing layer 10, it is desirable that the height from the part which has the minimum thickness d of the silicon containing layer 10 is 1-5 micrometers. The cross-sectional shape of the protruding conductive terminal 5 is desirably a brush shape or a mushroom shape.
[0038]
Further, the protruding height h of the protruding conductive terminal 5 from the silicon-containing layer 10, that is, the distance from the portion having the minimum thickness d of the silicon-containing layer 10 to the plate-like conductive member 4a is the stress generated by the expansion and contraction of the actuator. It is desirable that the thickness is 1/20 or more of the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 in terms of sufficient absorption. In particular, the protrusion height h is desirably 15 to 50 μm.
[0039]
Furthermore, a lead wire 6 is connected and fixed to the external electrode 4 with solder. The lead wire 6 serves to connect the external electrode 4 to an external voltage supply unit.
[0040]
A method for producing the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention will be described. First, the columnar laminate 1a is produced. A columnar laminated body 1a formed by alternately laminating piezoelectric ceramics 1 and internal electrodes 2 includes a calcined powder of piezoelectric ceramic having reduction resistance, a binder made of an organic polymer such as acrylic or butyral, and DBP. (Diethyl phthalate), DOP (dibutyl phthalate) and other plasticizers are mixed to produce a slurry, and the slurry becomes a ceramic that becomes the piezoelectric ceramic 1 by a tape molding method such as a known doctor blade method or calendar roll method. Make a green sheet.
[0041]
Next, for example, a binder, a plasticizer, and the like are added to and mixed with Cu powder to produce a conductive paste, which is printed on the upper surface of each green sheet to a thickness of 1 to 40 μm by screen printing or the like.
[0042]
Then, a green sheet having a conductive paste printed on the upper surface is laminated, the binder is debindered at a predetermined temperature, and then fired at 960 ° C. or lower in a reducing atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere. The
[0043]
After that, as shown in FIG. 2A, for example, 50 to 80% by volume of silver powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 10 μm and the balance of 0.1 to 10 μm are formed on the opposite side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1a. A silver glass conductive paste 21 prepared by adding a binder to a mixture of 20 to 50% by volume of a glass powder having a softening point of 600 to 950 ° C. having a main component of silicon of 10 μm and having a softening point equal to or higher than the softening point of glass. By baking in a reducing atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 700 to 950 ° C., the silver in the silver glass conductive paste 21 gathers at the end of the internal electrode 2, as shown in FIG. An earthen-like or mushroom-like protruding conductive terminal 5 and a silicon-containing layer 10 can be formed.
[0044]
That is, by dispersing the glass component in the paste, the glass is softened during baking, and in this state, silver that is difficult to diffuse into the piezoelectric ceramic 1 diffuses and gathers at the end of the internal electrode 2. A protruding conductive terminal 5 as shown in FIG.
[0045]
The protruding conductive terminal 5 is formed on a part of the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a, is formed in a rail shape, and its length is substantially the same as the width of the external electrode 4 made of the plate-like conductive member 4a. ing. The length of the protruding conductive terminal 5 may be shorter than the width of the external electrode 4.
[0046]
The silver component in the silver glass conductive paste 21 is 50 to 80% by volume, and the remaining glass powder is 20 to 50% by volume. Becomes an appropriate amount, and the protruding height h of the formed projecting conductive terminal 5 can be increased, and the glass component which is the remaining solid content in the silver glass conductive paste 21 becomes an appropriate amount. The glass component that melts at the time of baking 21 is also an appropriate amount, the silver component easily gathers at the end of the internal electrode 2, and the protruding height h of the protruding conductive terminal 5 can be increased.
[0047]
After forming the protruding conductive terminals 5 as described above, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), a groove is formed on every other side surface of the columnar laminate 1a on which the protruding conductive terminals 5 are formed by a dicing apparatus or the like. 11 is formed.
[0048]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2 (d), the plate-like conductive member 4a made of silver is brought into contact with and pressed against the projecting conductive terminals 5, and a load is applied thereto. In a reducing atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere at 700 to 950 ° C. By heat-treating, the main component silver diffuses between the protruding conductive terminals 5 and the plate-like conductive member 4a, and is joined by so-called silver diffusion bonding.
[0049]
The load applied at this time is preferably 2 to 500 kPa in terms of pressure. By setting this range, it is possible to sufficiently perform diffusion bonding between the protruding conductive terminal 5 and the plate-like conductive member 4a, increase the strength of the bonded portion, and the pressure becomes appropriate. The deformation of the conductive electrode 5 can be prevented.
[0050]
Thereafter, the groove 3 is filled with the insulator 3 and the lead wire 6 is connected to complete the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention.
[0051]
In addition, after forming the concave groove every other layer on the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a, the silver glass conductive paste 21 is applied to the side surface of the element body between the concave grooves and baked to form the protruding conductive terminals 5. Also good.
[0052]
Next, another method for producing the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention will be described. After the columnar laminate 1a is formed in the same manner as described above, concave grooves are formed in every other layer on the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a.
[0053]
Thereafter, a silver glass conductive paste 21 similar to the above is applied and dried on the internal electrode 2 exposed on the columnar laminate 1a other than the grooves of the columnar laminate 1a and on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic 1 near the internal electrode 2. The silver glass conductive paste 21 is heat treated in a reducing atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere at 700 to 950 ° C. in a state where a load is applied so as to press the plate-like conductive member 4a. When the glass melts, the silver component present in the melted glass gathers at the end of the internal electrode 2 to form the protruding conductive terminal 5 protruding from the side surface of the columnar laminate 1a, and the protruding conductive The tip of the conductive terminal 5 can be connected to the plate-like conductive member 4a.
[0054]
Thereafter, the groove 3 is filled with the insulator 3 and the lead wire 6 is connected to complete the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention.
[0055]
Then, by applying a direct current voltage of 0.1 to 3 kV / mm to the pair of external electrodes 4 via the lead wires 6 to polarize the columnar laminated body 1a, a laminated piezoelectric actuator as a product is completed, If the lead wire 6 is connected to an external voltage supply unit and a voltage is applied to the internal electrode 2 via the lead wire 6 and the external electrode 4, each piezoelectric ceramic 1 is greatly displaced by the reverse piezoelectric effect, and for example, It functions as an automobile fuel injection valve that supplies fuel to the engine.
[0056]
In the multilayer piezoelectric element configured as described above, since the external electrode 4 made of the plate-like conductive member 4a is connected to the internal electrode 2 via the protruding conductive terminal 5, the actuator is continuously operated under a high electric field. Even when driven by the above, the projecting conductive terminal 5 is deformed and the projecting conductive terminal 5 can sufficiently absorb the stress generated during driving, so that a spark is generated between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2. Problems can be prevented and a highly reliable actuator can be provided.
[0057]
In addition, a base metal, particularly Cu, can be used as the internal electrode material, and an inexpensive multilayer piezoelectric element can be obtained. Further, since Ag is not used as the internal electrode material, migration can be prevented.
[0058]
A concave groove or a slit may be formed in the external electrode 4 in order to reduce the elastic modulus. Moreover, you may provide the electroconductive auxiliary member 7 in the outer side of the external electrode 4, as shown in FIG. When the conductive auxiliary member 7 is provided, a large current can be supplied to the conductive auxiliary member 7 even when a large current is supplied to the actuator to drive the actuator at high speed, and the current flowing through the external electrode 4 is reduced. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the external electrode 4 from causing local heat generation and disconnection, and the durability can be greatly improved.
[0059]
The multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0060]
Moreover, although the example which formed the external electrode 4 in the side surface which the columnar laminated body 1a opposes was demonstrated in the said example, in this invention, you may form a pair of external electrode in the side surface provided adjacently, for example.
[0061]
FIG. 4 shows an injection apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 31 denotes a storage container. An injection hole 33 is provided at one end of the storage container 31, and a needle valve 35 that can open and close the injection hole 33 is stored in the storage container 31.
[0062]
A fuel passage 37 is provided in the injection hole 33 so as to be able to communicate. The fuel passage 37 is connected to an external fuel supply source, and fuel is always supplied to the fuel passage 37 at a constant high pressure. Therefore, when the needle valve 35 opens the injection hole 33, the fuel supplied to the fuel passage 37 is formed to be injected into a fuel chamber (not shown) of the internal combustion engine at a constant high pressure.
[0063]
Further, the upper end portion of the needle valve 35 has a large diameter, and serves as a piston 41 slidable with a cylinder 39 formed in the storage container 31. In the storage container 31, the piezoelectric actuator 43 described above is stored.
[0064]
In such an injection device, when the piezoelectric actuator 43 is extended by applying a voltage, the piston 41 is pressed, the needle valve 35 closes the injection hole 33, and the supply of fuel is stopped. When the application of voltage is stopped, the piezoelectric actuator 43 contracts, the disc spring 45 pushes back the piston 41, and the injection hole 33 communicates with the fuel passage 37 so that fuel is injected.
[0065]
【Example】
First, the composition is Pb 0.96 Ba 0.04 Yb 0.005 W 0.005 Zr 0.49 Ti 0.50 O Three A ceramic powder represented by the above, a binder composed of an acrylic organic polymer, and a plasticizer were mixed to prepare a slurry, and a ceramic green sheet was prepared from the slurry by a doctor blade method.
[0066]
Next, a binder, a plasticizer, and the like were added to and mixed with Cu powder to produce a conductive paste, which was printed on the upper surface of each green sheet by screen printing.
[0067]
Then, a green sheet having a conductive paste printed on the upper surface was laminated, the binder was debindered, and then fired at 950 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
[0068]
The piezoelectric ceramic had a thickness of 150 μm and an internal electrode thickness of 3 μm, and the number of layers of each of the piezoelectric ceramic and the internal electrode was 300 layers.
[0069]
Next, a binder was added to a mixture of 60% by volume of silver powder having an average particle size of 5 μm and 40% by volume of borosilicate glass powder having a balance of silicon having an average particle size of 5 μm as a main component and a softening point of aluminum at 750 ° C. And mixed well to prepare a silver glass conductive paste. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the silver glass conductive paste was applied to the side surface of the columnar laminate, and 800 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the silicon-containing material that forms the protruding conductive terminal at the end of the internal electrode exposed on the side surface of the columnar laminate and embeds the root of the protruding conductive terminal A layer was formed.
[0070]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), a groove having a depth of 150 .mu.m and a width of 50 .mu.m is formed in every other end portion of the internal electrode including the projecting conductive terminal, and then shown in FIG. 2 (d). As described above, a plate-like conductive member made of silver and having a thickness of 25 μm was pressed against a protruding conductive terminal at 30 kPa and bonded at 900 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
[0071]
Thereafter, the concave groove was filled with silicone rubber as an insulator, and a lead wire was connected to the plate-like conductive member.
[0072]
Then, a 3 kV / mm direct current electric field was applied to the positive and negative external electrodes via lead wires for 15 minutes to perform polarization treatment, and a multilayer piezoelectric actuator as shown in FIG. 1 was produced.
[0073]
In addition, Cu diffused from the internal electrode to the protruding conductive terminal, and silver diffused from the protruding conductive terminal to the internal electrode. Further, a silicon-containing layer (glass layer) having a thickness of 10 μm containing silicon and lead is formed on the surface of the columnar laminate on which the protruding conductive terminals are formed, and silicon at the base of the protruding conductive terminals A raised portion of the inclusion layer was formed. At this time, the width B in the same direction as the stacking direction of the protruding conductive terminals was 10 μm, and the height h was 20 μm on average. In addition, the thickness d of the silicon-containing layer was calculated as a thickness from a portion where Si element is substantially absent in the X-ray diffraction measurement.
[0074]
As a result of applying a DC voltage of 150 V to the obtained multilayer piezoelectric actuator, a displacement of 40 μm was obtained in the stacking direction. Furthermore, an AC voltage of 0 to +150 V was applied to this actuator at a frequency of 120 Hz at a room temperature of 1 × 10 9 When driven until the cycle, a displacement of 40 μm was obtained, and no abnormality of the external electrode was observed.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
According to the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, the stress generated by the expansion and contraction of the multilayer piezoelectric element can be sufficiently absorbed, and problems such as a contact failure between the external electrode and the internal electrode and a disconnection of the external electrode can be prevented. In addition, it is possible to provide a multilayer piezoelectric element that has high reliability, is inexpensive, and has no migration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B show a multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 1A, and FIG. The perspective view which expands and shows a part of (b), (d) is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of (b).
FIG. 2 is a process diagram illustrating a method for producing a multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B show a laminated piezoelectric element having a conductive auxiliary member provided on the surface of an external electrode, where FIG. 3A is a perspective view, and FIG. 3B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. It is.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an injection device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional multilayer piezoelectric actuator.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Piezoelectric ceramic
1a ... Columnar laminate
2 ... Internal electrode
4 ... External electrode
4a ... Plate-like conductive member
5 ... Protruding conductive terminal
5a ... root
10 ... Silicon-containing layer
31 ... Storage container
33 ... Injection hole
35 ... Valve
43 ... Piezoelectric actuator

Claims (5)

耐還元性を有する圧電磁器と卑金属からなる内部電極とを交互に積層してなる柱状積層体と、該柱状積層体の側面に設けられ、前記内部電極が一層おきに交互に電気的に接続された一対の外部電極とを具備してなる積層型圧電素子であって、前記内部電極の端部に一層おきに前記柱状積層体の側面から突出する突起状導電性端子を設け、該突起状導電性端子の先端部に板状導電部材からなる前記外部電極を接合してなるとともに、前記突起状導電性端子の根元部が前記柱状積層体の側面に形成されたケイ素含有層に埋設されていることを特徴とする積層型圧電素子。A columnar laminate formed by alternately laminating a piezoelectric ceramic having reduction resistance and an internal electrode made of a base metal, and provided on the side surface of the columnar laminate, the internal electrodes are alternately electrically connected every other layer. A laminated piezoelectric element comprising a pair of external electrodes, each having a protruding conductive terminal protruding from a side surface of the columnar stacked body at one end of the internal electrode, together formed by bonding the external electrode composed of a plate-like conductive member on the distal end of the sexual terminal, the root portion of the protruding conductive terminals are embedded in the silicon-containing layer formed on a side surface of the columnar laminate A laminated piezoelectric element. 前記内部電極はCuを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の積層型圧電素子。The multilayer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein the internal electrode contains Cu as a main component. 前記外部電極の厚みが50μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の積層型圧電素子。The multilayer piezoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the thickness of the external electrode is 50 µm or less. 前記突起状導電性端子と前記板状導電部材が銀を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至のうちいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。Multi-layer piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plate-shaped conductive member and the projection-like conductive terminals are mainly composed of silver. 噴射孔を有する収納容器と、該収納容器内に収容された請求項1乃至のうちいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子と、該積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から液体を噴出させるバルブとを具備してなることを特徴とする噴射装置。A storage container having an injection hole, the multilayer piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 4 accommodated in the storage container, and a liquid is ejected from the injection hole by driving the multilayer piezoelectric element. An injection device comprising a valve.
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