JP2020500468A - System and method for dispersing wireless heads - Google Patents

Abstract

A plurality of wireless transceivers transmit timing information, calibration information, and power, either wirelessly or via signals carried in a daisy chain, and a plurality of digital baseband waveforms transmitted through the daisy chain. A system and method for creating a wireless daisy-chain for convenient and aesthetically pleasing high-density radio deployments that receive a wireless LAN is described.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 413,944, filed October 27, 2016, entitled "System and Methods For Distributing Radiohead." I do.

  This application also claims the benefit and priority of US Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62 / 380,126, filed Aug. 26, 2016, entitled "Systems and Methods for Migrating Interference with Activity Active Spectrum." No. 15 / 682,076, filed Aug. 21, 2017, which is a continuation-in-part of and is a continuation-in-part of "Systems And Methods For Mitigating Interference With Active Specimen," entitled "Systems And Methods For Mitigating Interference With Active Spectrum." No. 15 / 682,076, filed on Aug. 16, 2017, also filed on Apr. 16, 2014. Co-pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 980,479, entitled "Systems and Methods for Concurrence Spectrum Usage Usage With Active Useful Spectrum, filed on February 27, claiming the benefit and priority of the invention for 15 months on March 20, for a period of 27 years. No. 14 / 672,014, which is a continuation-in-part application of the title of "Systems and Methods for Concurrence Spectrum Usage Usage With Active Useful Spectrum".

  This application may be related to the following co-pending US patent applications and US provisional patent applications:

  U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 380,126, entitled "Systems and Methods for Mitigating Interference with Active Useful Spectrum."

  U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 611,565, entitled "Systems and Methods for Mapping Virtual Radio Instances into Physical Areas of Coherence in Disney Entertainment".

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14 / 086,700, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Illustration Implementation Dist.

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 844,355, entitled "Systems and Methods for Radio Frequency Calibration Exploiting Channel Reciprocity in Distributed InputDistributed Distributed Distributive Resources"

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 797,984, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems, Systems, Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, and

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 797,971, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems, Systems, Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, and Digital Distribution,

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 797,950, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems, Systems, Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, and

  U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 233,006, entitled "System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence of multiuser spectrum"

  U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 232,996, entitled "Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems".

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,989, entitled "System And Method For Managing Handoff Of A Client Between Different Distributed-Input-Distributed-Dutti-Dutted-Dutut-Dutted-Dututated-Out-Dutt-Dutned-Dutt-Dutted-Dutt-Dutted-Dutt-Dutt-Dutt-Dutted-Dutt-Dutted-Duty-Tutted-Duty-Tutted-Duty.

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,988, entitled "Interference Management, Handoff, Power Control And Link Adaptation In Distributed-Input Distributed-Distributed-Distribution-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Duty-Distributed-Output-Duty-Distribution-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Duty.

  US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,975, entitled "System And Method For Link adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems".

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,974, entitled "System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff Of Clients Witch Travel Multiple Multiple DIDO Clusters."

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,958, entitled "System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO)", entitled "System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output".

  U.S. Patent No. 9685,997, entitled "Systems and Methods to enhance spatial diversity in distributed-input distributed-output wireless systems"

  US Patent No. 9,386,465, issued July 5, 2016, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Antenna Wireless Communications".

  U.S. Patent No. 9,369,888, issued June 14, 2016, entitled "Systems and Methods To Coordinated Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Cluster".

  U.S. Patent No. 9,312,929, issued April 12, 2016, entitled "System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects in Distributed-Input Distributed Output".

  U.S. Pat. No. 8,989,155, issued Mar. 24, 2015, entitled "Systems and Methods for Wireless Backhaul in Distributed-Input Distributed-Output Systems"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,971,380, issued March 3, 2015, entitled "System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements".

  U.S. Patent No. 8,654,815, issued February 18, 2014, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Communications Communications."

  U.S. Patent No. 8,571,086, issued October 29, 2013, entitled "System and Method for DIDO Precoding Interpolation in Multicarrier Systems"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,542,763, issued September 24, 2013, entitled "Systems and Methods To Coordinated Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,428,162, issued April 23, 2013, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,170,081, issued May 1, 2012, entitled "System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,160,121, issued April 17, 2012, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications"

  U.S. Pat. No. 7,885,354, issued Feb. 8, 2011, entitled "System and Method for Enhancing Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (" NVIS ") Communication Usage Time.

  U.S. Patent No. 7,711,030, issued May 4, 2010, entitled "System and Method For Spatial-Multiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,636,381, issued December 22, 2009, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,633,994, issued December 15, 2009, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,599,420, issued October 6, 2009, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,418,053, issued August 26, 2008, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Communication".

  As the density of wireless communication systems steadily increases, the placement of radios becomes increasingly difficult. There is a challenge in finding a physical location to hold the radio, a challenge in providing a backhaul and / or fronthaul (as used herein, "fronthaul" carries user data (Refers to a communication infrastructure that carries some form of wireless signal to a wireless head, as opposed to "backhaul" as used herein, which carries user data to a base station that generates a wireless waveform) . In conventional cellular systems (e.g., LTE, UMTS) or conventional interference avoidance systems (e.g., Wi-Fi), to optimize performance and frequency reuse, the base station or antenna plan must be There is a need to place radios in specific locations and avoid other locations to mitigate interference. Then there are local and central government restrictions on radio and antenna placement, for example, due to concerns about the visual appearance of the radio and antenna, even assuming that the technical problem can be overcome. Even if the radio or antenna meets government approval criteria, the licensing process can be very slow, and it can take years for antenna deployment to be approved.

  Throughout the history of wireless communications, the type of wireless technology (eg, satellite, mobile, television, etc.), frequency of transmission (eg, HF, VHF, UHF, microwave, millimeter wave, etc.), and directivity of transmission (eg, There have been a vast number of different approaches to deploying radios and antennas, depending on directionality, high gain, or narrow beams. Aesthetic considerations are often given, from simple approaches such as painting radios and antennas to suit the surrounding environment, to sophisticated approaches such as making the cellular tower look like palm trees. I have been.

  To achieve optimal performance in conventional cellular and interference avoidance networks, radios and antennas need to be arranged according to specific plans (e.g., not too far away so that the coverage area is lost and avoid inter-cell interference) These requirements often conflict with on-site implementation solutions and other constraints, such as backhaul and / or fronthaul availability. Also, in many situations (eg, historic buildings), the government does not allow anything mounted on or near the building to alter the appearance of the building, so radio or antenna solutions are not I do not accept.

  The wireless device and the antenna are arranged on a tower, a rooftop, a power pole, and a power line, and are tied between the power poles. Radios and antennas are located in indoor locations such as ceilings, walls, shelves, and desktops. Radios are also located above structural elements in the stadium, below seats, and the like. Special antennas such as "leakage feeders" (described below) are located in the tunnel. Briefly, radios and antennas have been placed everywhere imaginable.

  Examples of prior art approaches for attaching radios and antennas to power lines are disclosed in US Patent No. 7,862,837, US Patent No. 8,780,901, and US Patent Application No. 2014/0288644. Prior art approaches to attaching radios and antennas to utility poles include, for example, the Metriccom Ricochet packet communications network as disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,068,630. Including initiatives.

  The utility pole 400 or 401 as shown in prior art FIG. 4 is often divided into two zones, typically higher zones, where the power line is cabled, such as in the area of the cross arm 403. Sometimes referred to as the "supply space" being transported. The typically low zone where it is safe for workers to install communication cables and equipment is sometimes referred to as "communication space," and the communication cables and equipment are mounted in this zone of prior art FIG. Indicated by

  Some prior art systems place the radio and / or antenna in a supply zone on a utility pole and / or as shown in FIG. 4 with radios and / or antennas 410 and 411. Machines and / or antennas are placed on those power lines shown with radios and / or antennas 420 and 421.

  Some prior art systems place the radio and / or antenna in a communication zone on a utility pole, as shown in FIG. 5 with the radio and / or antenna 550 and 551, and Alternatively, the antenna is placed on a cable (often a communication cable) that is tied between the poles shown with the radio and / or antennas 540 and 541. The backhaul or fronthaul, which may be carried by a communication cable 531, typically electrical (eg, copper) or fiber, is often protected by insulation or external ducts 530 and is made of braided steel. Structural support is often derived from mechanically strong cables 532. The radios are attached to the posts and / or cabling, and then they are coupled to antennas either on the posts or cabling, or embedded in the radios, as shown in FIG. . In some prior art systems, the radio draws power from the power line, often through a step-down power supply 561, and is measured by a power meter 560 so that the power provider can assess the cost of use. Radios such as 550 and 551 can also be used for backhaul or fronthaul.

  FIG. 6 shows a prior art configuration with an antenna and / or radio on a lamppost. Light poles as used herein are utility poles that have no antenna power or communication cables between them. Antennas 601 and 602 may be coupled to radios 611 and 612, or they may be in the same enclosure as the radios, so a separate radio 611 or 612 is not required. Backhaul or fronthaul cabling (eg, copper or fiber) may be carried through underground conduits 630 (shown in dashed lines to indicate that conduits are underground and invisible); Or the backhaul or fronthaul may be carried over wireless links between lampposts. If the backhaul or fronthaul is underground, it is typically from an underground conduit through the interior of a lamppost (eg, if it is metal or hollow) or, as shown at 621 and 622, It is conveyed through conduits or ducts from the ground to the side of the lamppost, either through radios 611 and 612 or directly to the top of the lamppost. The approach of using underground conduits for backhauls or front halls as shown in FIG. 6 for lampposts can also be applied to the utility poles shown in FIGS. Cabling is carried either through the interior of the utility pole (eg, when it is metal and hollow) or through a conduit or duct from the ground to the side of the utility pole.

  Backhaul and / or fronthaul (whether radio on a telephone pole or radio located elsewhere) can be used for radios over a wide range of media, including coaxial, fiber, line-of-sight, and line-of-sight radios. Can be provided. A wide range of protocols, including Ethernet, common public wireless interface ("CPRI"), multimedia coordination over coax ("MoCA"), data service interface standard over cable ("DOCSIS"), broadband over power line ("BPL"), etc. Can be used in the medium.

  A wide range of switches, splitters, and hubs can be used to distribute wired (eg, copper, fiber, etc.) communications. Analog splitters are often used to distribute coaxial connections (eg, distribute DOCSIS and / or MoCA data). Outlet coupling can be used to distribute the BPL. Ethernet switches and hubs are often used to distribute copper and fiber Ethernet connections. Many radios designed for home and commercial applications incorporate a switch for the convenience of transit Ethernet, so that if the radio is plugged into an Ethernet cable, other devices There is another Ethernet jack on the radio that can be used to plug into the radio.

  Another prior art that has been used to distribute wireless connectivity through cables is the so-called "leaky feeder" or "leaky cable". Leakage feeders are cables that carry wireless signals, but intentionally leak and absorb wireless radiation through the sides of the cable. An exemplary prior art leaky cable 700 is shown in FIG. It is very similar to a coaxial cable in that there is a protective jacket 701, an outer conductor 702 (eg, copper foil), a dielectric 704 (eg, dielectric foam), and an inner conductor 705 (eg, copper wire). are doing. However, unlike a coaxial cable, there is an opening 703 in the outer conductor 702 that allows wireless radiation to propagate in and out of the leak feeder 700.

  Leakage feeders are often used in tunnels or shafts (eg, mining tunnels, subway tunnels) where they are attached to the side of the tunnel or shaft so that they operate along the length of the tunnel or shaft. In this way, regardless of where the user is within the tunnel or shaft, the user will have wireless connectivity to a portion near the leaky feeder. Because leaky feeders leak wireless energy, they often have a radio frequency amplifier inserted periodically to boost signal power. If two or more leaky feeders operate together, prior art MIMO technology can be used to increase capacity.

  The deployment of a leaky feeder is convenient and quick in that it is similar to the deployment of cabling, and the amplifiers are periodically deployed across the length of the leaky feeder to repeatedly restore signal strength.

  The basic limitation of a leaky feeder is that the same channel is shared for the entire length of the leaky feeder cabling. Thus, a user at one end of a leaky feeder shares a channel with a user at the center of the leaky feeder and a user at the end of the leaky feeder. This may be acceptable for applications where the user is sparsely distributed along the length of the leaky feeder or where there is a low data capacity requirement by the user (eg, for voice communications in mining tunnels or shafts). None, but in applications where there is a high density of users and / or high data capacity demands by the users since the users will share the same channel over the entire length of the leaky feeder despite the fact that they are very far from each other Not suitable for Thus, while leaky feeders are convenient to deploy because they are like deploying cabling with periodic amplifiers, to provide coverage, their deployment has been reduced to higher densities. Function.

  As mentioned above, regardless of what prior art is used to deploy radios and / or antennas and how the backhaul or fronthaul is provisioned, current wireless systems are , Facing the challenge of higher density. Excellent for high density, providing very efficient and reliable coverage and services, easy and fast to deploy and avoid being obtrusive and / or free from government restrictions There is no universal solution. The following teachings address these issues.

  A better understanding of the present invention may be had from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings.

1 illustrates DIDO's general framework, currently branded pCell ™, Radio Access Network (DRAN), and other multi-user multi-antenna system (MU-MAS) networks. 2 shows a protocol stack of a virtual wireless instance (VRI) consistent with the OSI model and the LTE standard. 2 shows a protocol stack of a virtual wireless instance (VRI) consistent with the OSI model and the LTE standard. DIDO, currently branded pCell ™, wireless networks, and neighboring DRANs to extend coverage in other MU-MAS networks. 1 is an illustration of the prior art of a utility pole with a radio and / or an antenna in a “supply space”. 1 is a prior art illustration of a utility pole with a radio and / or an antenna in a “communication space”. 1 is an illustration of the prior art of a lamppost with radio and / or antenna. 1 is an illustration of the prior art of a leak feeder. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a coaxial cable of a wireless daisy chain. 1 shows an embodiment of a twisted pair of a wireless daisy chain. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a fiber in a wireless daisy chain. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a coaxial and twisted pair of a wireless daisy chain. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a daisy-chain radio architecture that illustrates a basic architecture. FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a daisy-chain radio architecture showing timing distribution. FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an architecture for a daisy-chain radio showing power distribution. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an architecture for a daisy-chain radio exhibiting RF dispersion. FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a daisy chain radio architecture illustrating a daisy chain network implemented through a splitter. 1 shows one embodiment of a daisy chain radio with a sleeve or duct. FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of a daisy chain radio with a sleeve or duct having one or more transit cables. Figure 3 illustrates one embodiment of a daisy-chain radio with a sleeve or duct having one or more passing cables and support strands. Figure 3 illustrates one embodiment of a daisy chain radio with a sleeve or duct having one or more transit cables and a support strand having data and / or power combiners. It is a figure of a telephone pole provided with a daisy chain radio. FIG. 2 is a view of a lamppost with a daisy chain radio. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a building with a daisy chain radio. FIG. 3 is a diagram of a daisy-chain radio in a non-linear deployment pattern. FIG. 3 is a diagram of a daisy chain radio in an array. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a daisy-chain radio deployed in a cloud radio access network.

  One solution to overcome many of the limitations of the prior art described above is daisy chain networks and power cables and small distributed radio heads utilized in multi-user multi-antenna systems (MU-MAS). By making the radio heads extremely small, they can be as small as a cable run, so the installation of a daisy-chained radio is similar to a cable installation. Not only are cable installations often much easier than antenna and radio installations, but cable deployments often do not require government approval, and in most cases, they require large antennas or large radio enclosures. Approving permissions is much easier than deploying Also, from an aesthetic point of view, cables can often be partially or completely hidden from view, but hiding conventional radios and / or antennas can be more difficult or impractical. .

  Further, in the following detailed embodiments, spectral efficiency is measured using distributed input distributed output ("DIDO") technology and other MU-MAS technologies described in the following patents, patent applications, and provisional applications: Or by implementing both networks can be greatly increased, all of which are assigned to the assignee of the present patent and incorporated by reference. These patents, applications, and provisional applications may be collectively referred to herein as "related patents and applications."

  U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 380,126, entitled "Systems and Methods for Mitigating Interference with Active Useful Spectrum."

  U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 380,126, entitled "Systems and Methods for Mitigating Interference with Active Useful Spectrum."

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14 / 672,014, entitled "Systems and Methods for Current Spectrum Usage Without Activity Used Spectrum."

  U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 980,479, filed on April 16, 2014, entitled "Systems and Methods for Concurrent Spectrum Usage Usage With Active Used Spectrum."

  U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 611,565, entitled "Systems and Methods for Mapping Virtual Radio Instances into Physical Areas of Coherence in Disney Entertainment".

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14 / 086,700, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Illustration Implementation Dist.

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 844,355, entitled "Systems and Methods for Radio Frequency Calibration Exploiting Channel Reciprocity in Distributed InputDistributed Distributed Distributive Resources"

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 797,984, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems, Systems, Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, and

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 797,971, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems, Systems, Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, and Digital Distribution,

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13 / 797,950, entitled "Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems, Systems, Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Implementation, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, Digital Distribution, and

  U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 233,006, entitled "System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence of multiuser spectrum"

  U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 232,996, entitled "Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems".

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,989, entitled "System And Method For Managing Handoff Of A Client Between Different Distributed-Input-Distributed-Dutti-Dutted-Dutut-Dutted-Dututated-Out-Dutt-Dutned-Dutt-Dutted-Dutt-Dutted-Dutt-Dutt-Dutt-Dutted-Dutt-Dutted-Duty-Tutted-Duty-Tutted-Duty.

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,988, entitled "Interference Management, Handoff, Power Control And Link Adaptation In Distributed-Input Distributed-Distributed-Distribution-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Duty-Distributed-Output-Duty-Distribution-Distributed-Distributed-Distributed-Duty.

  US patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,975, entitled "System And Method For Link adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems".

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,974, entitled "System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff Of Clients Witch Travel Multiple Multiple DIDO Clusters."

  U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12 / 802,958, entitled "System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO)", entitled "System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output".

  U.S. Patent No. 9,685,997, entitled "Systems and Methods to enhance spatial diversity in distributed-input distributed-output wireless systems"

  US Patent No. 9,386,465, issued July 5, 2016, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Antenna Wireless Communications".

  U.S. Patent No. 9,369,888, issued June 14, 2016, entitled "Systems and Methods To Coordinated Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Cluster".

  U.S. Patent No. 9,312,929, issued April 12, 2016, entitled "System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects in Distributed-Input Distributed Output".

  U.S. Pat. No. 8,989,155, issued Mar. 24, 2015, entitled "Systems and Methods for Wireless Backhaul in Distributed-Input Distributed-Output Systems"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,971,380, issued March 3, 2015, entitled "System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements".

  U.S. Patent No. 8,654,815, issued February 18, 2014, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Communications Communications."

  U.S. Patent No. 8,571,086, issued October 29, 2013, entitled "System and Method for DIDO Precoding Interpolation in Multicarrier Systems"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,542,763, issued September 24, 2013, entitled "Systems and Methods To Coordinated Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,428,162, issued April 23, 2013, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,170,081, issued May 1, 2012, entitled "System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements"

  U.S. Patent No. 8,160,121, issued April 17, 2012, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications"

  U.S. Pat. No. 7,885,354, issued Feb. 8, 2011, entitled "System and Method for Enhancing Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (" NVIS ") Communication Usage. "

  U.S. Patent No. 7,711,030, issued May 4, 2010, entitled "System and Method For Spatial-Multiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,636,381, issued December 22, 2009, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,633,994, issued December 15, 2009, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication"

  U.S. Patent No. 7,599,420, issued October 6, 2009, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication"

U.S. Patent No. 7,418,053, issued August 26, 2008, entitled "System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Communication".
1. System and method for dispersing wireless heads 1.1 MU-MAS system improved according to embodiments of the present invention

  A preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 611,565, entitled "Systems and Methods for Mapping Virtual Radiation Instances Physical Reason for Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (Which is a continuation-in-part application), and other related patents and applications, and improvements to the multi-user multi-antenna system described in their corresponding patents filed in other countries. FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 and the following six paragraphs describing them are the corresponding patents filed in other countries as U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 611,565, FIGS. 3 and FIG. 3 and paragraph numbers [0074 to 0080].

  A presently preferred embodiment is a system and method for delivering multiple simultaneous non-interfering data streams in the same frequency band between a network and multiple regions of coherence on a wireless link via a virtual wireless instance (VRI). Systems and methods for improving In one embodiment, the system is a multi-user multiple antenna system (MU-MAS), as shown in FIG. The color-coded (using patterns instead of colors) unit of FIG. 1 shows a one-to-one mapping between the data source 101, the VRI 106, and the coherence region 103, as described below.

  In FIG. 1, data source 101 is a data file or stream that carries web content or files in a local or remote server, such as text, images, audio, video, or a combination thereof. One or more data files or streams are transmitted or received between network 102 and all coherence regions 103 over wireless link 110. In one embodiment, the network is the Internet or any wired or wireless local area network.

  The region of coherence is free from any interference of other data outputs from other VRIs transmitted simultaneously on the same radio link, and only one VRI data output 112 is received within that region of coherence. In a manner, the waveforms from the different antennas of the MU-MAS are the volume of space that coherently sums. In this patent application, as described in a prior patent application [US Patent Application No. 13 / 232,996, entitled "Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems", coherence volumes or private cells are described. The term "region of coherence" is used to describe (eg, "pCells ™" 103). In one embodiment, the area of coherence corresponds to the location of the user equipment (UE) 111 or the subscriber of the wireless network such that all subscribers are associated with one or more data sources 101. The regions of coherence may vary in size and shape depending on the propagation conditions and the type of MU-MAS precoding technique used to generate them. In one embodiment of the present invention, the MU-MAS precoder delivers content to users with good link reliability, while dynamically adjusting the size and shape of the coherence region to adapt to changing propagation conditions. .

  The data source 101 is first transmitted over a network 102 to a DIDO radio access network (DRAN) 104. The DRAN then translates the data file or stream into a data format that can be received by the UE, and sends the data file or stream to multiple coherence regions simultaneously, so that all UEs Receive its own data file or stream without interference from other data files or streams sent to the UE. DRAN consists of a gateway 105 as an interface between the network and the VRI 106. VRI translates packets transferred by the gateway into a data stream 112, either as raw data or in a packet or frame structure supplied to a MU-MAS baseband unit. In one embodiment, the VRI is an open system interconnect consisting of several layers: an application layer, a presentation layer, a session layer, a transport layer, a network layer, a data link layer, and a physical layer, as shown in FIG. 2a. (OSI) protocol stack. In another embodiment, the VRI includes only a subset of the OSI layer.

  In another embodiment, the VRI is defined from different wireless standards. By way of example and not limitation, the first VRI may be a protocol stack from the GSM standard, a second VRI from the 3G standard, a third VRI from the HSPA + standard, a fourth VRI from the LTE standard, LTE-A. It consists of a fifth VRI from the standard and a sixth VRI from the Wi-Fi standard. In an exemplary embodiment, the VRI includes a control plane or user plane protocol stack defined by the LTE standard. The user plane protocol stack is shown in FIG. 2b. Every UE 202 communicates with its own VRI 204 through the PHY, MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers, with the gateway 203 through the IP layer, and with the network 205 through the application layer. For the control plane protocol stack, the UE also communicates directly with the mobility management entity (MME) through the NAS (defined in the LTE standard stack) layer.

  The virtual connection manager (VCM) 107 is responsible for the allocation of the PHY layer identification of the UE (eg, cell-specific radio network temporary identifier, RNTI), authentication, and VRI and UE mobility. The data stream 112 at the output of the VRI is provided to a virtual radio manager (VRM) 108. VRM consists of a scheduler unit (scheduling DL (downlink) and UL (uplink) packets for different UEs), a baseband unit (eg, FEC encoder / decoder, modulator / demodulator, resource grid builder). ), As well as a MU-MAS baseband processor (comprising a precoding method). In one embodiment, data stream 112 is an I / Q sample at the output of the PHY layer of FIG. 2b, which is processed by a MU-MAS baseband processor. In different embodiments, data stream 112 is a MAC, RLC, or PDCP packet, which is transmitted to a scheduler unit, which forwards them to a baseband unit. The baseband unit converts the packet into an I / Q supplied to the MU-MAS baseband processor.

The MU-MAS baseband processor is the core of the VRM that converts M I / Q samples from M VRI to N data streams 113 sent to N access points (APs) 109. In one embodiment, data stream 113 is N waveform I / Q samples transmitted from AP 109 over wireless link 110. In this embodiment, the AP consists of an analog to digital / digital to analog ("ADC / DAC"), a radio frequency ("RF") chain, and an antenna. In different embodiments, data stream 113 is bits of information and MU-MAS precoding information that are combined at the AP to generate N waveforms transmitted on wireless link 110. In this embodiment, all APs may have a central processing unit ("CPU"), digital signal processor ("DSP"), and / or system to perform additional baseband processing before the ADC / DAC unit. Equipped with on-chip (“SoC”).
1.2 Radios connected in daisy chain by coaxial cable

  Figures 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d show some preferred embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 8a shows an embodiment where the radio 801 is a radio transceiver. Each end of the radio 801 passes through a connector 845 on the left side through a coaxial cable (eg, but not limited to, RG-6, RG-59, triaxial, biaxial, semi-fixed, fixed, 50 ohm, A connector (eg, but not limited to, an F-type, BNC, SMA, etc.) that can be coupled to a coaxial cable 842 through a connector 846 on the right side. A smaller example of the radio 801 is shown below the larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most details have been removed), radio 801 may be daisy-chained with radio 800 through coaxial cable 841 on the left and coaxial cable 842 on the right. The wireless device 802 can be daisy-chained. The wireless device 802 is similarly daisy-chain connected to the wireless device 803 on the right side. In this figure, the radio 803 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. Radio 800 can be used to connect to, but is not limited to, more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources, and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals With a simple coaxial cable 840 at the beginning of the daisy chain. The radios 800, 801, 802, 803, and / or additional radios coupled to this daisy chain may be mostly radios of the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or The structure and / or configuration may be very different.

  The daisy chain of coaxial cables can use any standard or proprietary network protocol, including but not limited to MoCA, Ethernet, and / or DOCSIS.

  Returning again to a larger illustration (with details) of the radio 801 on the daisy chain, in one embodiment, the radio 801 may be one or more that may be inside or outside the enclosure of the radio 801. An antenna 890 is provided. The antenna (s) may be any type of antenna, including but not limited to patch antennas, dipoles, monopoles, printed circuit board ("PCB") antennas, Yagi, and the like. In one embodiment, there is a single antenna 890. In another embodiment, there are two or more antennas 890, and in another embodiment, at least two antennas 890 are cross-polarized with respect to each other. In another embodiment, antenna (s) 890 are external to radio 801 and may be coaxial connectors or other conductive connectors, or include RF or inductive connections, but may include Coupled to one or more connectors 891 that may pass through a non-limiting non-conductive connector. The external antenna may also be coupled to the radio 801 without coupling through a connector, including, but not limited to, via a fixed wired connection.

  In one embodiment, radio 801 receives power from an external power supply coupled through one or both of coaxial cables 841 or 842, in either DC or AC power form. In another embodiment, radio 801 includes, but is not limited to, a DC or AC power connector (eg, EIAJ-01, EIAJ-02, EIAJ-03, EIAJ-04, EIAJ-05, Molex connector, etc.). Receive power from an external power supply coupled to connector 892, which can be any type of connector, not otherwise. In another embodiment, the radio 801 receives power conductively without a connector, including but not limited to passing through a wired connection. In another embodiment, radio 801 is wirelessly through a rectifying antenna, through inductive coupling, through antenna 890, through an external antenna, through a photovoltaic cell, or through other wireless transmission means. Receiving power wirelessly, including but not limited to receiving power.

In one embodiment, the radio 801 sends and receives timing, calibration, and / or analog or digital signals (collectively, "additional signals") coupled through one or more connectors 893. Timing signals may include, but are not limited to, clock, pulse per second “TPS”, synchronization, and / or global positioning satellite (“GPS”) signals. The calibration signal may include, but is not limited to, one or more of analog and / or digital forms of power level information, channel state information, power information, RF channel information, and / or predistortion information. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted wirelessly. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted on coaxial cables 841 and / or 842. In one embodiment, these additional signals are transmitted and / or received from radio 801. In one embodiment, the additional signal is transmitted and / or received from one or more external devices. In one embodiment, the one or more external devices are one or more additional radios in the MU-MAS. In one embodiment, the one or more external devices are one or more user devices in the MU-MAS. In one embodiment, the one or more external devices are one or more devices that are not radios in the MU-MAS.
1.3 Wireless devices daisy-chained with twisted pair cables

  FIG. 8b shows that the radio 811 can be coupled to a twisted pair cable (eg, but not limited to, category 3, category 4, category 5, category 5e, category 6, category 6a, telephone wire, etc.) Network connectors 855 and 856 (e.g., but not limited to, RJ-45, through the connector 855 on the left side, and coupled to the twisted pair cable 852 on the right side through the connector 856). One embodiment is shown, which is a radio transceiver similar to the radio 801 disclosed above, except for each end of the radio 811 having an RJ-11 connector).

  The daisy chain of twisted pair cables can use any standard or proprietary network protocol, including but not limited to Ethernet.

  A smaller example of the radio 811 is shown below the larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most details have been removed), radio 811 can be daisy-chained with radio 810 via twisted pair cable 851 on the left and through twisted pair cable 852 on the right. It can be daisy chained with the radio 812. Similarly, the wireless device 812 is daisy-chain connected to the wireless device 813 on the right side. In this figure, the radio 813 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. Radio 810 can be used to connect to, but is not limited to, more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources, and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals Shown at the beginning of a daisy chain with a suitable twisted pair cable 850. The radios 810, 811, 812, 813 and / or additional radios coupled in this daisy chain may be mostly radios of the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or The structure and / or configuration may be very different.

  Returning again to a larger illustration (with details) of the radio 811 on the daisy chain, it has connectors and features similar to those described for radio 801 above. In other embodiments, the radio 811 may include one or more antennas 890, which may be inside or outside the enclosure of the radio 811 and one or more antennas 890 as detailed above for the radio 801. And an antenna connector 891.

  In one embodiment, radio 811 receives power from an external power supply coupled through one or both of twisted pair cables 851 or 852, in either DC or AC power form. In other embodiments, radio 811 receives power from an external power supply coupled to connector 892 and / or wirelessly, as detailed for radio 801.

In one embodiment, radio 811 receives and / or transmits additional signals that are coupled through one or more connectors 812. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted wirelessly. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted on twisted pairs 851 and / or 852. In one embodiment, these additional signals are transmitted and / or received from radio 811. In other embodiments, additional signals are transmitted and / or received from one or more external devices, as detailed for radio 801 above.
1.4 Radio equipment daisy-chained with fiber cables

  FIG. 8c shows that the radio 821 can be coupled to a fiber cable (eg, but not limited to, multi-mode, single-mode, etc.) and then connected to the fiber cable 861 through the connector 865 on the left side, And having network connectors 865 and 866 (eg, but not limited to, ST, DC, SC, LC, MU, MT-RJ, MPO connectors) that can be coupled to fiber cable 862 through connector 866 on the right side. FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment, which is a wireless transceiver similar to the wireless devices 801 and 811 disclosed above, except for each end of the wireless device 821. FIG.

  The daisy chain of fiber cables can use any standard or proprietary network protocol, including but not limited to Ethernet and / or a common public wireless interface ("CPRI").

  A smaller example of the radio 821 is shown below the larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most details have been removed), radio 821 may be daisy-chained with radio 820 through fiber cable 861 on the left and fiber cable 863 on the right. It can be daisy chained with the radio 822. Similarly, the wireless device 822 is daisy-chain connected to the wireless device 823 on the right side. In this figure, radio 823 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. Radio 820 can be used to connect to, but is not limited to, more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources, and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals With a simple fiber cable 860 at the beginning of the daisy chain. The radios 820, 821, 822, 823 and / or additional radios coupled in this daisy chain may be mostly radios of the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or The structure and / or configuration may be very different.

  Returning again to the larger illustration (with details) of the radio 821 on the daisy chain, it has connectors and features similar to those described for radios 801 and 811 above. In other embodiments, radio 811 may include one or more antennas 890, which may be inside or outside of the enclosure of radio 811 and one or more antennas 890 detailed above for radio 801 above. Antenna connector 891.

  In one embodiment, the radio 821 is coupled as transmitted light through one or both fiber cables 861 or 862 and (eg, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic cell or a rectifying antenna responsive to an optical wavelength). Power) from an external power source that is converted to power. In other embodiments, radio 821 receives power from an external power supply coupled to connector 892 and / or wirelessly, as detailed for radio 801.

In one embodiment, radio 821 receives and / or transmits additional signals that are coupled through one or more connectors 893. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted wirelessly. In one embodiment, these additional signals are received and / or transmitted on fiber cables 861 and / or 862. In one embodiment, these additional signals are transmitted and / or received from radio 821. In other embodiments, additional signals are transmitted and / or received from one or more external devices, as detailed for radio 801 above.
1.5 Radios daisy-chained using two or more types of cables

  Comparing the wireless devices 801, 811 and 821, the daisy chain cable is a coaxial cable for the wireless device 801, a twisted pair for the wireless device 811, and a fiber for the wireless device 821, except for the difference. It turns out that they are very similar in structure. Comparing coaxial and twisted pair cables, they have many similarities in terms of electrical characteristics, including but not limited to the ability to carry DC or AC power and the ability to carry RF signals. Depending on the particular type of coaxial or twisted pair cable, they are, but not limited to, their efficiency in carrying different DC or AC voltages or currents, their efficiency in carrying different RF emission wavelengths Differing in electrical or RF properties, in their cable leakage at different RF emission wavelengths, their impedance at different frequencies, their resistance to DC, the number of conductors in the cable, and the signal power they can carry obtain.

  When comparing fiber to twisted pair or coaxial cable, the main difference is that the fiber cable carries the light emission wavelength and the power or RF emission wavelength (e.g., at a wavelength less than the light emission wavelength the fiber is designed to carry). Is not conductive for transporting. Although different types of fiber carry different wavelengths of light emission with different properties, as a data transmission medium, fiber cables are typically more signal quality (eg, limited) for a given distance than coaxial or twisted pair cables. However, the loss of signal-to-noise ratio ("SNR") is low, making it possible to maintain high signal quality over long distances, which is not practical for coaxial or twisted pair cables. In addition, fiber generally can actually carry higher bandwidth and higher data rate signals than coaxial or twisted pair cable. The fiber cable may be manufactured in the same cable sleeve with a conductive cable (eg, but not limited to, coaxial, twisted pair, or other conductive cable), so that the conductive coupled power and / or RF emissions The wavelength may be carried simultaneously with the light emission on the fiber. Alternatively, the fiber cable may be tied or wrapped with the conductive cable during deployment to achieve a similar result.

  Also, different specific cables have different physical properties that may be relevant in different deployment situations. They vary in thickness, weight, flexibility, durability, ability to delay a fire, cost, etc. Selection of the type of cabling used (coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, or fiber cable) and cabling within each cable type (for example, but not limited to, RG-6, RG-89, Specific selection of each type of category 5e, category 6, multi-mode single mode, etc., and the connectors used for daisy-chain radios 801, 811 and / or 821 (including but not limited to F-type, BNC, RJ-45, RJ-11, ST, DC) determine what kind of cabling is already located at the installation location, the cost of cabling, the length of this cabling, radios 801, 811, 821 or 831 size, cost, power consumption, heat dissipation, performance characteristics, aesthetic considerations, environmental considerations Regulatory requirements, including such as, but not limited to, may be determined by a number of factors.

  In some situations, the characteristics of more than one type of cable for a daisy chain connection may be desirable for a given radio. In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 8d, the radio 831 uses more than one type of cable for daisy chaining. Radio 831 has two different types of connectors on each side to accommodate two different types of cables, connectors 875 and 876 are coaxial cable connectors, and connectors 885 and 886 are twisted pair connectors. . The coaxial cable 871 and the twisted pair cable 881 are connected to the left side, and the coaxial cable 872 and the twisted pair cable 882 are connected to the right side. In another embodiment, one or the other connector is a fiber connector to which a fiber cable is attached. In another embodiment, one, some, or all of the daisy-chain connectors on radios 801, 811, 821, or 831 are for different types of cables. In another embodiment, one, some, or all daisy-chain connectors on radio 801, 811, 821, or 831 include, but are not limited to, twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, or other form of cable. A connector for a module with a unique physical layer transceiver and connector, such as a small form factor pluggable ("SFP") module that can be connected.

A smaller example of the radio 831 is shown below the larger example. As can be seen in this smaller example (most details have been removed), radio 831 may be daisy-chained with radio 830 through cables 871 and 881 on the left and cables 872 and 882 on the right. Daisy chain connection with the wireless device 832. Similarly, the wireless device 832 is daisy-chain connected to the wireless device 833 on the right side. In this figure, radio 833 is shown at the end of the daisy chain. Radio 830 can be used to connect to, but is not limited to, more radios, power, data connections, networks, computing resources, and / or RF signals, and / or other digital or analog signals Shown at the beginning of the daisy chain, along with various cables 870 and 880. The radios 830, 831, 832, 833 and / or additional radios coupled to this daisy chain may be mostly radios of the same or similar structure and / or configuration, or The structure and / or configuration may be very different. Similarly, radios 801, 811, 821 or 831 with embodiments of a daisy-chain connector such as those described in the previous paragraph can be daisy-chained together. Antenna coupling (as described above using antenna 890, connector 891, or through other means), power coupling (as described using connector 892 or through other means), and / or ( Additional signal coupling (as described above using connector 893, or as described through other means) may be performed by radios 801, 811, 821 with daisy-chain connector embodiments such as those described in the preceding paragraph. Or 831.
2. Daisy-chain radio architecture embodiment

  9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e illustrate some embodiments of the radios 801, 811, 821, and 831 of FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d. Each of the embodiments illustrated in each of FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e includes a radio 801, 811, 821, and 831 having the elements shown in a given figure. It can be applied to any of

  FIG. 9a illustrates a radio that can be inserted into a daisy chain of a network coupled to a data center or other computing and / or data resources through a network link (further described below in connection with FIG. 16). Detailed)). Two network physical interfaces (PHYs) are shown in FIG. 9a, where the PHY 901 is coupled to the upstream network 900 (by "upstream" meaning close to the data center in the daisy chain) and the PHY 901 is It is connected to the downstream network 906 (by "downstream", meaning further away from the center). The PHY 901 is coupled to a network switch 903 through a physical interconnect 902 (eg, but not limited to a bus, a serial interconnect, etc.), and the PHY 906 is coupled to a network switch 903 through a physical interconnect 904. . Network switch 903 may be configured to route data between PHYs 905 and 901 either upstream or downstream (and thus to allow network “traversal”) and / or physical interconnects , May be configured to route some or all data to the baseband processing and control unit 910. In one embodiment, the switch is configured for specific routing of some or all data. In another embodiment, the switch is configured to route the data based on a source address or a destination address (eg, but not limited to, an IP address) associated with the data.

  The network switch 903 may stream data packets between the network switches 903 (e.g., but not limited to, but transferred as continuous samples) between the D-A units 911 (e.g., (Including, but not limited to, 8 bit, 16 bit, 24 bit, 32 bit or any length data sample, fixed length value, floating point value, compressed value, bit coded value) or It is coupled to a baseband processing and control unit 910, either for use as control data.

  Data streamed between units 910 is either streamed directly without further processing between units 910, or additional processing is applied to the data stream. Additional processing may include, but is not limited to, buffering the data, holding the released data at a particular trigger or timing event, and compressing and / or decompressing the data. Filtering this data through a finite impulse response (FIR) or other filter, and using a different time reference, either at a different clock rate, either higher or lower than the receive clock rate, Resampling, scaling the amplitude of this data, limiting this data to a maximum value, removing data samples from this stream, and inserting a sequence of data samples into this stream. Scrambling or descrambling this data; or Although the data may include a encrypting or decrypting, etc., but are not limited to. Unit 910 may also include, but is not limited to, some or all of the operations referenced in this paragraph and / or dedicated hardware or computing means for implementing some or all of the functionality of the wireless protocol. Which may include either waiting for data, transmitting (either between network switches 903, or between units 912, and after A to D, D to A conversion in unit 911), Or, it can be implemented during reception.

  Data between units 903 may be, for example and without limitation, between units 910 and within units 910 as shown by interconnects 913 connecting RF processing units 912, and even between other units. Can be used as, but not limited to, control data for transmitting and receiving messages between any subsystems of the radio. The message may comprise, but is not limited to, configuring any of the radio's subsystems, reading the status of any of the radio's subsystems, transmitting or receiving timing information, Re-routing, controlling the power level, changing the sample rate, changing the transmit / receive frequency, changing the bandwidth, changing the duplex, between transmit and receive modes Switching, controlling filtering, configuring network mode, loading images into the memory subsystem, or reading images from the memory subsystem, or loading images into a field programmable gate array (FPGA) Or use a field-programmable image Reading from Toarei (FPGA), etc., it can be used for any purpose.

  A-D, D-A units 911 convert the digital data samples received from unit 910 into one or more analog voltages and / or currents coupled to RF processing unit 912, and one or more from unit 912. Are converted to digital data samples and transmitted to unit 910. Unit 911 may be implemented to receive data in parallel or serial format at any data sample size and any data rate, either fixed or configurable.

  In the transmit path, one or more analog voltages and / or currents received by RF processing unit 912 may be directly coupled to one or more antenna outputs 914 as an RF signal, or the signal may be The modulated signal on the carrier frequency can be used as one or more baseband signals that are modulated onto one or more carrier frequencies that are combined into a waveform, and then coupled to one or more antennas 914. The signal from unit 910 can be, but is not limited to, in the form of a baseband waveform or a baseband I / Q waveform.

  In the receive path, received RF signals from one or more antennas 914 may be directly coupled to unit 911, either as voltages and / or currents, or signals may be transmitted from one or more carrier frequencies to a data stream. Demodulated into either a baseband waveform or a baseband I / Q waveform coupled to unit 911 as a converted voltage and / or current.

  The RF unit 912 can include other RF processing functions, including, but not limited to, power amplifiers, low noise amplifiers, filters, attenuators, circulators, switches, baluns, and the like.

  Antenna 914 may be any type of antenna, including but not limited to a patch antenna, dipole, monopole, or PCB antenna, Yagi, and the like. In one embodiment, there is a single antenna 890. In another embodiment, there are two or more antennas 890, and in another embodiment, at least two antennas 890 are cross-polarized with respect to each other.

  FIG. 9b shows an additional embodiment of the radio illustrated in FIG. 9a, showing a different embodiment of the clock subsystem. Unit 920 is a clock and / or synchronization distribution and synthesis unit, which may be, but is not limited to, implemented in a single device or multiple devices. It distributes timing signals, including but not limited to clock signals and synchronization signals, to other subsystems in the radio. As shown in FIG. 9b, these subsystems include, but are not limited to, a baseband and control unit 910, A-D, D-A unit 911, RF processing unit 912, network PHY 901, network switch 903, And / or a network PHY 902. Timing signals distributed to different subsystems include, but are not limited to, the same timing signals, different timing signals synchronized with each other, different timing signals not synchronized with each other, timing signals synchronized with an external reference, and / or limiting. However, the timing signal may have a synchronous or asynchronous change based on configuration or other factors.

  The timing signal may be at any frequency, including but not limited to 10 MHz, and the timing signal may be at the same frequency, a different frequency, a varying frequency, and / or a variable frequency. There may be. The timing signal can use any timing reference, including but not limited to an external reference, an internal reference, or a combination of external and internal references.

  External timing references include, but are not limited to, a timing reference 922 derived from a timing reference carried through a daisy chain from upstream 921 to downstream 923 or from downstream 923 to upstream 921; received from a global positioning satellite Global Positioning Satellite Controlled Oscillator (“GPSDO”) 924 that derives a timing reference (eg, 10 MHz clock and PPS) from the generated radio signal; external clock reference; external PPS 940; and / or network PHY 901, network switch 903, and / or The network PHY 905 includes network timing signals derived from either the upstream network 900 or the downstream network 906. The network timing reference may be, but is not limited to, a timing reference derived from Ethernet SyncE (eg, ITU G.8261, ITU G.8262, ITU G.8264, etc.); IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol; and / or Includes clock and synchronization signals derived from network signals, protocols, or traffic.

  Internal timing references include, but are not limited to, oscillator 928 and / or controlled oscillator 929. Oscillator 928 and 929 may be any type of oscillator, including but not limited to a crystal oscillator, a rubidium clock, a cesium clock, and / or a resistor capacitor network oscillator, an inductor capacitor resonant circuit. Oscillator 928 and 929 may be of any level of stabilization, including, but not limited to, an oscillator that is not stable; a temperature compensated oscillator; and / or an oven controlled oscillator. The oscillators 928 and 929 may be at any level of accuracy, including, but not limited to, low precision, parts per million (“ppm”); parts per billion (“ppb”); It has any accuracy in each frequency range, has any Allan deviation, and has short or long term stability. Oscillator 929 may include, but is not limited to, analog values such as voltage, current, resistance, etc .; digital values coupled in series, parallel, etc .; Can have inputs. Where the oscillator 929 is controlled by an analog value, such as, but not limited to, a potentiometer in a voltage divider network, a digital to analog converter 930 receiving a digital value 931 from the unit 910 or another source, or the like. Can be controlled. If the oscillator 929 is controlled by a digital value, it may be controlled by, but not limited to, a digital value 931 from the unit 910 or another source. The frequency of the controlled oscillator 929 may be free running or, but is not limited to, timing from a network, timing from a daisy chain separate from the network, timing from a data center, It may be synchronized to any type of internal or external timing source, including timing from a protocol or the like.

  The timing on the daisy chain network may be free running or synchronous using any number of network synchronization methods, including but not limited to SyncE and / or IEEE 1588. You may. The synchronization protocol may have its own self-synchronization mechanism, or timing signals 927 may be passed from one network PHY 901 or 905 to the other and / or between network switches 903.

  FIG. 9c shows an additional embodiment of the radio illustrated in FIGS. 9a and 9b, showing a power conversion and distribution system. The power conversion / distribution unit of unit 950 and it may, but is not limited to, a single device or multiple devices (e.g., but not limited to a wire) to perform power conversion and distribution through coupling. , Via printed circuit board traces, and / or components, wireless transmissions, etc.). Unit 950 provides power into the radio, including, but not limited to, different voltages; different independent power buses (whether the same or different voltages); different current levels; AC or DC power; wireless power; Disperse. As shown in FIG. 9c, the subsystems that receive power from unit 950 include, but are not limited to, baseband and control unit 910, A-D, D-A unit 911, RF processing unit 912, network PHY 901, A network switch 903 and / or a network PHY 902 may be included. The power coupling distributed to different subsystems may be, but is not limited to, the same power coupling, different power couplings that are the same or different voltages and / or currents, and / or variable voltages.

  The power may be at any voltage or current, including but not limited to AC, DC, 1 volt ("V"), 2.2V, 3.3V, 5V, -5V, 6V, 12V, variable voltage. possible. Power may be from any source, including but not limited to an external source, an internal source, or a combination of external and internal sources.

  The external power source is, but is not limited to, a passing power source derived from a power source conveyed through the daisy chain, from upstream power coupling 951 to downstream power coupling 953, or from downstream power coupling 953 to upstream power coupling 951. 952; radio wave transmission (e.g., but not limited to, received by a rectifying antenna), inductive power (e.g., but not limited to, coupled through a transformer), light Wireless power 954 that can be reached from energy (eg, but not limited to, rectifying antennas coupled through photovoltaic cells); through direct coupling 957 from upstream network 900 to downstream network 906, or one or both Network PHY 900 or 905 or network switch 903 Network power carried through the daisy chain network, either through switching and / or power insertion; through network power coupling 956 from network PHY 901, 903, or 905; and / or without limitation, Cable, jack, external power supply connection 955 via conductive contacts, and the like.

  Power transmission through the daisy chain via the upstream power coupling 951 between the downstream power couplings 953, or via the upstream network coupling 900 between the downstream networks 906, can always be passed, or the radio may do so. Or if an external condition (e.g., detection of a suitable device connected to either end of the daisy chain) is a trigger power that allows the passage, the passage is only permitted. Either. Optional to control whether power is passed, including, but not limited to, mechanical relays and / or transistors, including but not limited to metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) Types of equipment can be used.

  The internal power source includes any type of battery 958, including, but not limited to, lithium ion, lithium polymer, fuel cells, and generators.

  FIG. 9d illustrates an additional embodiment of the radio illustrated in FIGS. 9a, 9b, and 9c showing the upstream 961 and downstream 963 RF links coupled to the RF processing unit 912. The RF links 961 and 963 may be, for example, by conductive coupling such as, but not limited to, coaxial cables, twisted pair cables, or by RF frequencies at fibers (eg, but not limited to infrared, visible, and And / or ultraviolet light) modulating the carrier wavelength, including through a fiber or, but not limited to, by any type of antenna, and / or through inductive coupling. They may be connected in a daisy chain by wireless connection.

  RF links 961 and 963 may be coupled together at RF link 962 and then coupled to unit 912 as shown in FIG. 9d, or they may be individually coupled to unit 912, respectively, or Are coupled to each other but not to the unit 912. Each of these couplings may be between one another or between units 912, through any of the RF (including optical wavelength) couplings as detailed in the previous paragraph. This coupling may include, but is not limited to, one or more (or any type): direct connections; RF splitters; RF attenuators; RF baluns; RF filters; power amplifiers; May be passed through. The RF coupling may not be connected to any, or may not be connected to one or more of the antennas 914. RF coupling may carry signals at one or more RF center frequencies and one or more bandwidths. The RF signal may be transmitted, received, or both at any one time, between any of unit 912, link 961, and / or link 963. The RF signal includes, but is not limited to, data, control signals, RF protocols, beacons, RF timing signals, RF channels, RF power references, RF predistortion information, RF interference information, RF calibration information, clocks, and / or Any type of information and / or signal reference information, including PPS, may be carried.

  FIG. 9e shows an additional 900 of the radios illustrated in FIGS. 9e, 9b, 9c, and 9d showing the upstream 900 and downstream 906 network links where the network is a common RF channel rather than a switched link. 1 shows an embodiment. For example, this is a common configuration used with coaxial networks using network protocols such as, but not limited to, MoCA and DOCSIS. Upstream 900 and downstream 906 network links are coupled to an RF splitter 972 coupled to a network PHY 971 coupled to baseband processing and control 910. The RF splitter 972 may include more than three branches and may further include a power amplifier to amplify some or all of the RF signal in one or more directions. It may also include attenuators and / or filters to limit which RF bands pass through it in different paths. The RF splitter 972 may also pass power on one or more or more branches, and may insert power on one or more of the branches.

  The embodiments of the radios 801, 811, 821, and 831 illustrated in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d are sometimes referred to above as FIG. 9a, as separate elements and sometimes as combined elements. It can have internal elements corresponding to one or more of the embodiments described in FIGS. 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e. For example, without limitation, each of the radios 801, 811, 821, and 831 may be coaxial (eg, 841/842 and 871/872), twisted pair (eg, 851/852 and 881/882), or It has upstream and downstream daisy-chain cable connections, which are either fibers (eg, 861/862). These daisy chain connections are 900/906, 911/923, 951/953, and 961/963. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e, which are the upstream and downstream daisy chain connections. A daisy chain cable in a radio 801, 811, 821, or 831 may be physically capable of one embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e. The daisy chain cable can then be used for that embodiment. For example, using a daisy chain of coaxial and twisted pair cables, upstream 951 and downstream (eg, using, but not limited to, any of the many well-known powers on coax or power over Ethernet technology). 953 power can be conductively conveyed, which is not possible with fiber cables, which are transmitted in the form of light and, but are not limited to, using photovoltaic cells. Electric power converted into electricity can be carried. Each of the daisy chain cables can also carry upstream 900 and downstream 906 standard and proprietary network protocols, including, but not limited to, the Ethernet described above. All of the daisy-chain cables can also carry timing information 921 and 923, along with network protocols and signals that carry the timing information, which can provide network timing 926. Daisy chain cables can carry upstream 961 and downstream 963 RF at a particular frequency / wavelength (eg, but not limited to, many coaxial cables efficiently propagate 1 GHz frequencies). Many twisted-pair cables can efficiently propagate frequencies of 100 MHz, and many fiber cables can efficiently propagate wavelengths of 1300 nm).

  In the case of the radio 831, the plurality of daisy chain cable pairs are each connected to one of the daisy chain connections illustrated in FIGS. 9 a, 9 b, 9 c, 9 d and 9 e, or to a plurality of daisy chain connections. Each can correspond to a daisy chain connection.

  The antenna 890 and / or the antenna connector 891 of the radio 801, 811, 821, or 831 may be connected to the antenna 914 and / or 954 on the unit 924 and / or 954 of FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e. It can correspond to an antenna.

  The power connector 892 of the wireless device 801, 811, 821, or 831 can correspond to the external power source 955 of FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e. The antenna 890 and / or the antenna connector 891 of the radio 801, 811, 821, or 831 can also correspond to the antenna of the wireless power receiver 954.

The connector 893 of the radio 801, 811, 821, or 831 can carry an external clock 925, a PPS 940, or additional signals corresponding to the RF link 962 coupled to the unit 912.
3. Wireless daisy chain in sleeve or duct

  10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are illustrated in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d, and illustrated in FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e; Illustrating some embodiments where the wireless daisy chain radio embodiments described above, together with the daisy chain radio architecture embodiments described above, are housed within a sleeve or duct. I have. For illustrative purposes, the daisy-chain radios shown in FIGS. 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d lack many of the details of the daisy-chain radios described above, however, FIGS. 10a, 10b, 10c, Any of the daisy chain embodiments described above that are applicable to the sleeve or duct embodiments illustrated in any of FIGS. 10d and 10d can be used in that embodiment. It is noted that the sleeve or duct can take many forms, including but not limited to a flexible plastic tube that completely wraps the wireless daisy chain, or a rigid plastic duct that partially wraps the wireless chain. I want to.

  FIG. 10a shows a sleeve or duct 1010 enclosing a daisy chain of radios 1000, 1001, 1002, 1003. The daisy chain shows network cables 1020 and 1021 that extend from both sides, which may be connected to, but are not limited to, additional daisy chains or radios, upstream or downstream network connections, and that the power supply has an RF source. To a timing supply. In practice, the daisy chain connections can be connected as described in any of the numerous embodiments described above.

  FIG. 10b shows the sleeve or duct enclosing the daisy chain of the radio. Daisy chain refers to the wireless daisy chain described in the previous paragraph, but in this embodiment, the sleeve or duct 1011 also encapsulates the passing cable 1030. The transit cable 1030 may be a cable used for any purpose, including, but not limited to, coaxial, twisted pair, or coaxial cables that carry high data rate data and / or power cables. There may be one or more transit cables 1030.

  FIG. 10c illustrates a sleeve or duct 1012 enclosing the daisy chain and passing cable of the radio as described in the previous paragraph, but in this embodiment, the sleeve or duct is a support strand 1040. And may be made of any of a wide variety of materials, including hot-dip galvanized steel. One example of such a sleeve or duct 1012 having a supporting strand of galvanized steel is http: // www. duraline. FIG. 8 is a duct branded in FIG. 8 from Duraline, with specifications currently available at com / conduit / figure-8. The support strands 1040 may help support the duct in air deployment of the duct, for example, between utility poles.

FIG. 10d shows a sleeve or duct 1012 (in a reduced size view) that encloses the passing cable with the daisy chain and support strand 1040 of the radio, as described in the previous paragraph, but in this embodiment the sleeve Alternatively, the duct daisy chain 1012 is connected to another sleeve or duct by a continuous daisy chain. In this embodiment, between each sleeve or duct daisy chain 1012 can be used to couple power to, but not limited to, daisy chain ends 1020 or 1021 and / or daisy chain ends. There is a data power combiner 1050 that can be used to combine data between the units 1020. Data and / or power combiner 1050 may be suspended from support strand 1040 or may be physically supported by another means. Power may come from any power source, including, but not limited to, a passing power cable 1030 and / or a photovoltaic cell. The data connection can come from any power source, including high-bandwidth fiber twisted pair or coaxial cable 1030. The data and / or power combiner 1050 is such that the daisy chain cabling is typically limited to power and / or data throughput, and each radio 1000, 1001, 1002, and 1003 on the daisy chain has a fixed amount. It can be useful because it draws power and consumes a certain amount of data throughput. Once the power and / or data capacity of the daisy chain cable has been exhausted, then the daisy chain attached radio may no longer be present. The transit cable 1030 can be specified to carry enough power for some daisy chains, and the transit cable 1030 supports high enough data throughput to support some daisy chains Can be specified. For example, but not limited to, if a daisy chain cable supports 1 Gigabit Ethernet with a Power over Ethernet + (“PoE +”) power limit (limited to about 25 watts (“W”)): Each radio consumes 225 Mbps in data rate and 6 W in power, then, if there are four radios in a daisy chain, a data rate of 900 Mbps and 24 W of power are obtained, and other radios Does not provide sufficient data rate or power. If there is one or more transit cables 1030 that can carry (a) 250 W of power and (b) a data rate of 10 Gbps, it is sufficient to support ten daisy chains of four radios. (24 W × 10 = 240 W, 900 Mbps × 10 = 9 Gbps). The data and / or power combiner 1050 couples power to the daisy chain cable in any of a number of ways, including using a commercially available PoE + switch having 10 Gbps fiber ports and one or more 1 Gbps PoE + ports. be able to. PoE + standards (eg, IEEE 802.3at-2009) may not support daisy-chaining of power, but PoE + provides power to a first daisy-chain radio mounted on a PoE + switch. Note that it can be used to supply and then use its own power insertion into the daisy chain. Unique power insertion techniques include, but are not limited to, coupling power to network signal lines in daisy chain network cables.
3. Practical deployment of wireless daisy chains

  FIG. 11 shows a utility pole with radios daisy-chained with sleeves and ducts, such as those described in FIGS. 10a and 10d. A sleeve or duct 1012 suspended between two utility poles has four daisy-chained radios 1000, 1001, 1002, and 1003 to couple data and / or high speed data from transit cable 1030. And having a daisy chain end coupled to a power combiner 1050 that receives power from the power converter 1100, i.e., is coupled to a high power line in a power pole supply zone and reduces the voltage of the unit 1050. It is the same as that illustrated in 10d. Power meter 1101 monitors power usage for billing or other purposes. Because connecting to high voltage power lines can be expensive, the power converter 1100 can be used to supply enough power to many units 1050 and transfer power between the units 1050 in the passing strand 1030. can do.

  FIG. 11 also illustrates one embodiment of a vertical deployment of daisy-chained radios in a sleeve or duct 1010 attached to the side of a utility pole. This corresponds to the sleeve or duct 1010 illustrated in FIG. 10a. Meanwhile, daisy chain network connection 1020 is attached to unit 1050 for data and power. Since the daisy chain terminates when it reaches the ground, there is no need for a continuous daisy chain network connection at the lower end, nor for passing cables. Also, utility poles provide structural stability and do not require support strands. Unit 1050 is coupled to three daisy chains, two of which are aerial daisy chains that are nearly horizontal between utility poles, and the other one is a daisy chain that is vertical on the side of the utility pole. Please note. There is no restriction that all daisy chains must be a polyline network topology, and they can be any of a number of topologies. For example, but not by way of limitation, this unit 1050 can provide three daisy-chains by using a PoE + network switch with three ports for three daisy-chains and one port for high-bandwidth transit cables. Can support the chain. (Eg, three 1 Gbps PoE + connections to three daisy chains and one 10 Gbps fiber connection for transit cables).

  The embodiment of the daisy chain cable shown in FIG. 11 is merely exemplary. Any number of daisy-chain wireless configurations in any topology may be used, including but not limited to deployment requirements, municipal regulations, cost constraints, span distances, and the like. Importantly, a wireless daisy chain looks just like cabling. In many municipalities, cabling does not require a permit, or a permit is easier to obtain than an antenna permit. Also, from an aesthetic point of view, cables are less visible than large antennas.

  FIG. 12 shows two lampposts mounted on a wireless daisy chain 1010. The illustrated embodiment is compatible with the wireless daisy chain 1010 of FIG. 10a. In this embodiment, the data and power connection is underground with a data and / or power combiner 1250 under the pole that operates in the same manner as the data and power combiner 1050 illustrated in FIGS. 10d and 11. It is connected through a conduit 1251. Importantly, as in FIG. 11, the wireless daisy chain appears to be no different from the cabling. In many municipalities, cabling does not require a permit, or a permit is easier to obtain than an antenna permit. Also, from an aesthetic point of view, cables are less visible than large antennas.

  FIG. 13 shows a building with multiple wireless daisy chains attached both outside and inside the building. All of these wireless data chains connect to data and power connections, which have been omitted for purposes of explanation. The wireless daisy chain 1300 is on the rooftop edge. The rooftop edge is a very useful place for antennas because of the high angle visibility of the street without obstacles. Many antennas, usually at the rooftop edge, are not aesthetically pleasing, but the sleeves or ducts can be, but are not limited to, their small size, which can be painted in a color that matches the background. Ability, the fact that it can be placed in the gaps in the building, the fact that it is flexible and can conform to the shape of the architectural features of the building (for example, but not limited to, cornice) For reasons and because there are already cables in many buildings and there is no difference in appearance, it can be less visible.

  FIG. 13 shows a wireless daisy chain 1301 over architectural features above the windows that make it invisible, and placed along a wall near the street-facing floor (possibly more hidden Wireless daisy chain 1302 (which is pushed into the wall gap) as well as a wireless daisy chain 1303 which is placed vertically along the corner of the wall, and possibly along the downspout for less visibility Other arrangements are shown. Also, a wireless daisy chain 1304 is shown indoors, perhaps on a ceiling tile or in a wall. Note that in this embodiment, the wireless daisy chain is not in the sleeve or duct because there is a situation where no daisy chain is needed and the daisy chain can be placed with the radio and cable exposed. I want to be. Clearly, wireless daisy chains can be deployed in a wide range of locations, indoors and outdoors. In all of these embodiments, the wireless daisy chains are conveniently deployed where they are and where they are aesthetically acceptable.

  FIG. 14 illustrates how the wireless daisy chain need not be deployed in a straight line, but can be deployed in any shape that meets the physical and / or aesthetic requirements of the location. Note that they need not be deployed in two dimensions only, and that the wireless daisy chain can be deployed in x, y, and z dimensions. In fact, the more angular diversity used, the better the performance in the currently preferred MU-MAS embodiment.

  FIG. 15 also shows how a wireless daisy chain can be deployed in an array topology. In this embodiment, an 8 × 8 array with 64 radios is shown, and 16 daisy chains are connected to a network switch (eg, but not limited to, a PoE + switch). Such arrays can be used for many applications, including beamforming and MIMO.

  FIG. 16 illustrates how a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture can be used with a wireless daisy chain. In one embodiment, the baseband waveform is calculated at the data center server. They can be connected to switches that connect to multiple wireless daisy chains to connect to a data center (for example, but not limited to, when the data center is in a stadium and the local network is distributed throughout the stadium). The purpose of the local network 1601 can be fulfilled.

  Line of sight microwave 1602 can be used as a data link to travel farther than the local network, which can also be connected to a switch that connects to multiple wireless daisy chains.

  Fiber 1603 can travel very long distances without the need for line of sight and can be connected to switches that connect to multiple wireless daisy chains. The switch can couple the repeated fiber 1604 to another switch, and then connect another group of multiple wireless daisy chains.

  As mentioned above, the illustration in FIG. 16 shows straight daisy chains, but they can be bent into any convenient and aesthetically pleasing shape.

  The C-RAN topology illustrated in FIG. 16 supports the pCell ™ MU-MAS system illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 and related patents and applications. Unlike other wireless technologies, pCells support very high density wireless deployments and do not rely on a specific arrangement of radios or antennas (eg, in contrast, cellular technologies may require specific radios according to the cell plan). Need spacing). Therefore, the pCell technology is well suited for the daisy-chain radio embodiments described herein and can utilize radios that are conveniently located and aesthetically pleasing.

  Embodiments of the present invention may include the various steps described above. The steps may be embodied in machine-executable instructions that may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor to perform the steps. Alternatively, these steps may be performed by specific hardware components, including hard-wired logic to perform the steps, or by any combination of programmed computer components and custom hardware components. Can be.

  As described herein, the instructions may be configured to perform certain operations, or the predetermined functions or software instructions may be stored in a memory embodied in a non-transitory computer readable medium. A particular configuration of hardware, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Thus, the techniques shown in the figures may be implemented using code and data stored and executed on one or more electronic devices. Such electronic devices include non-transitory computer machine readable storage media (eg, magnetic disks, optical disks, random access memory, read only memory, flash memory devices, phase change memory), and temporary computer machine readable communication media (eg, The codes and data are stored and (internally and / or internally) using computer machine readable storage media such as, for example, electrical, optical, acoustic or other forms of propagated signals such as carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, and the like. Or with other electronic devices over a network).

  Throughout this detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details have been set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In certain instances, well-known structures and functions have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. Therefore, the scope and spirit of the invention should be determined in light of the following claims.

Claims (30)

The system
A plurality of wireless transceivers arranged in an electrical or optical fiber (collectively "wired") daisy chain;
A plurality of digital baseband waveforms transmitted through the daisy chain,
Each wireless transceiver is capable of receiving a digital baseband waveform from the plurality of digital baseband waveforms and modulating a radio frequency ("RF") signal;
A system wherein at least two wireless transceivers receive different baseband waveforms. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers sealed in the tube,
A system wherein at least two of the wireless transceivers are simultaneously transmitting different waveforms that interfere with each other. The system
First and second wireless transceivers enclosed in a tube;
First and second wired connections pierced through the tube;
The system, wherein the first wired connection transmits data to the first wireless transceiver, and the second wired connection transmits data to the second wireless transceiver.   The system of claim 3, further comprising the first and second wireless transceivers transmitting different wireless waveforms based on the data received from the wired connection.   A first wired connection coupled to the first wireless transceiver; and a second daisy-chain configuration coupled between the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver. The wired system of claim 3, further comprising:   The system of claim 5, further comprising the second wireless transceiver coupled to one or more additional wireless transceivers via one or more wired connections. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
The radio transmissions of two or more of the plurality of radio transceivers may include a clock, pulse per second, global positioning satellite, or other timing information (collectively "timing information") from the signals carried in the daisy chain. A) to receive the system. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
The system wherein the wireless transmission of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receives timing information from a signal external to the daisy chain. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
The system, wherein the wireless transmission of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receives timing information wirelessly. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
A system wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive power from the daisy chain. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
A system, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive power wirelessly. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
Two or more of the wireless transceivers transmit power level information, channel station information, power information, RF channel information, pre-distortion, or other calibration information (collectively " Calibration information "). The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
A system, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information from signals external to the daisy chain. The system
With multiple wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration,
A system, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information wirelessly. The system
A system comprising a plurality of wireless transceivers coupled together in a wired daisy chain configuration, wherein the daisy chains of said wireless transceivers are waterproof. A method for transmitting a baseband signal to a wireless transceiver, the method comprising:
Placing multiple wireless transceivers in a wired daisy chain;
Transmitting a plurality of digital baseband waveforms through the daisy chain;
Receiving, at each wireless transceiver, a digital baseband waveform from the plurality of digital baseband waveforms and modulating an RF signal;
Receiving different baseband waveforms at two or more wireless transceivers. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
Enclosing a plurality of wireless transceivers in a tube;
Transmitting at the same time different waveforms interfering with each other from at least two of said wireless transceivers. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
Enclosing the first and second wireless transceivers in a tube;
Penetrating first and second wired connections through the tube;
Transmitting data to the first wireless transceiver via the first wired connection, and transmitting data to the second wireless transceiver via the second wired connection; , Including.   19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first and second wireless transceivers transmit different wireless waveforms based on the data received from the wired connection.   The first wired connection is coupled to the first wireless transceiver, and the second wired connection is configured in a daisy-chain configuration with the first wireless transceiver and the second wireless transceiver. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the method is coupled between.   21. The method of claim 20, wherein the second wireless transceiver is coupled to one or more additional wireless transceivers through one or more wired connections. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
A method wherein the wireless transmissions of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receive timing information from a signal carried on the daisy chain. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
The method, wherein the wireless transmission of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receives timing information from a signal external to the daisy chain. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
Combining a plurality of wireless transceivers in a wired daisy chain configuration,
A method, wherein the wireless transmission of two or more of the plurality of wireless transceivers receives timing information wirelessly. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
A method, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive power from the daisy chain. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
A method, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive power wirelessly. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
A method, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information from signals carried on the daisy chain. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
A method, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information from a signal external to the daisy chain. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
A method, wherein two or more of the wireless transceivers receive calibration information wirelessly. A method for transmitting a wireless signal, the method comprising:
In a wired daisy chain configuration, including combining multiple wireless transceivers,
The method, wherein the daisy chain of the wireless transceiver is waterproof.