EP0358921B1 - Tube bundle apparatus - Google Patents

Tube bundle apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0358921B1
EP0358921B1 EP19890114306 EP89114306A EP0358921B1 EP 0358921 B1 EP0358921 B1 EP 0358921B1 EP 19890114306 EP19890114306 EP 19890114306 EP 89114306 A EP89114306 A EP 89114306A EP 0358921 B1 EP0358921 B1 EP 0358921B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
treated
separating device
solid particles
tube cluster
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EP19890114306
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0358921A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Dr.-Ing. Greffrath
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SGL Technik GmbH
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Dorr Oliver Deutschland GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28GCLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/12Fluid-propelled scrapers, bullets, or like solid bodies
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tube bundle apparatus for heat transfer with heat exchanger tubes arranged between tube sheets, an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber and a device for cleaning the heat exchanger tubes, which topples over a separation device for solid particles and a pump, the suction side of which is connected to the outlet chamber and the pressure side of which is connected to the inlet chamber is.
  • Such a tube bundle apparatus is known from BE-A-569 651.
  • Pipe bundle apparatuses for the transfer of heat from a liquid or gaseous medium to a liquid, in which, together with the medium to be treated, foreign particles which are insoluble in this liquid are passed through the heating pipes, are also described in DE-A-28 15 825, DE-A -34 32 864, DE-A-36 25 408 or EP-A-0 132 873.
  • the foreign or solid particles serve to keep the inside of the heating pipes free of deposits and crystal formation, and are normally circulated.
  • the above prior art describes the use of this so-called fluidized bed technology for the incrustation and contamination-free operation of heat-transferring apparatus. These are always arrangements with a standing or moving fluidized bed. With these arrangements, the particles are significantly heavier than the medium to be warmed up or cooled.
  • the tubes are always arranged vertically and are flowed through from bottom to top, the flow rate of the liquid having to be in a certain ratio to the sinking rate of the particles in the still liquid.
  • Controlling the backflow of particles from the top Water chamber to the bottom is done by suitable hydraulic internals.
  • the solid particles are conveyed in the circuit by a jet pump. They are drawn in by the jet pump from the outlet chamber of the tube bundle apparatus and mixed with the stream of the medium to be treated that feeds the jet pump. This, together with the solid particles homogeneously distributed therein, is fed via a return pipe to the inlet chamber of the tube bundle apparatus and flows through the heat exchanger tubes, where heat is added or removed depending on the process.
  • the flow through the tubes is turbulent at the speed usual for heat exchangers.
  • the entrained, abrasive solid particles collide against the inside of the pipes due to the turbulent flow, thus preventing incrustations, dirt and caking.
  • the foreign particles are separated from the treated medium by means of a mechanical separation device arranged in the outlet chamber.
  • the training and The solid particles are thus introduced using a jet pump, the medium to be treated itself serving as the propellant.
  • the separating device is designed as a flat sieve, slotted sieve or rake-like, whereby it can be advantageous to make it roof-shaped or to arrange it inclined to the direction of flow. This enables a targeted movement of the solid particles during separation. Even if there are differences in density between the particles and the medium, the particles are transported to the discharge nozzle.
  • a slotted screen inclined against the direction of flow or a rake has the advantage that the particles do not stick, but due to the inclination of the rake, a downward resulting force is exerted on the particles, so that they also act without gravity along the rake move towards the discharge nozzle.
  • the jet pump is formed by a diffuser arranged centrally in the tube bundle in connection with a nozzle placed in front of it.
  • a diffuser arranged centrally in the tube bundle in connection with a nozzle placed in front of it.
  • the separating device is designed as a conical sieve, there is no additional space requirement for arranging the nozzle in the outlet chamber.
  • the fact that in this case the supply of the medium to be treated and the discharge of the treated medium take place at the same end of the tube bundle apparatus may make it possible, in certain circumstances, for piping to be particularly favorable without the need for thermal expansion compensation.
  • the partial flow should preferably be sufficient to suck off the solid particles and to compress this partial flow to the inlet pressure of the heat exchanger.
  • the jet pump can be dimensioned smaller will.
  • this advantage must be bought with the installation of a second pump.
  • the specific weight of the abrasive solid particles is the same size or at most 50% greater than that of the medium to be treated. Due to the fact that particles are used to produce the abrasive cleaning of the pipes, the density of which is equal to or only slightly greater than that of the medium to be treated, the particles remain suspended even at a lower flow rate and are therefore homogeneously distributed in the liquid. Settling or accumulation of the solid particles at points of weak flow is thus avoided or very largely reduced. It also ensures uniform loading of the entire tube bundle with particles, so that all tubes are cleaned evenly. This configuration is particularly advantageous for the installation of tube bundle apparatus regardless of the position. they also enables a multi-flow design of the tube bundle apparatus.
  • the density of the solid particles is the same or only slightly greater than the medium to be treated, they easily follow the flow through the heat exchanger even when there is a greater deflection or large differences in speed, which is beneficial for the design freedom with regard to heat exchangers and lines. It is also advantageous that the flow rate outside the heat exchanger tubes can be lower than in conventional processes, since there is no risk of segregation and settling. This means lower pressure losses and thus cost savings. While in the previous methods for maintaining a very specific sinking speed of the particles, depending on the medium, a certain grain size had to be observed relatively precisely, a further advantage of the proposed measure is that the size of the solid particles can be chosen freely.
  • the solid particles flow at the same speed as the liquid and therefore also follow the deflections that may be present in heat exchangers. This means that even existing heat exchangers can be converted or retrofitted without any process engineering problems.
  • the number of solid particles can also be freely selected within wide limits and can be chosen to be smaller or larger depending on the tendency of the medium to be treated to become dirty, which represents a considerable process advantage.
  • the tube bundle apparatus consists of a container jacket 1, in which the tube sheets 2 and 3 are arranged with intermediate heat exchanger tubes 4, and the container bases 5 and 6 with the inlet and outlet nozzles 7 and 8.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 4 are from a heating or Washed cooling medium, which is supplied via a nozzle 9, either as shown here in Co-current or counter-current flows, and is discharged via a nozzle 10.
  • the space between the tube plate 2 and the container base 5 represents the inlet chamber 11 for the medium to be treated and the space between the tube plate 3 and the container base 6 represents the outlet chamber 12 for the medium being treated.
  • a separation device 13 shown here schematically as a flat screen, is arranged, with which the solid particles 14 are separated from the treated medium.
  • the treated medium freed from the abrasive solid particles 14, leaves the tube bundle apparatus via the outlet nozzle 8, while the solid particles are withdrawn from the tube bundle apparatus via the discharge nozzle 15. They are sucked in by a jet pump 16 together with a small partial stream of the treated medium, which is just sufficient for the transport, ie the warmed or cooled liquid.
  • the jet pump 16 essentially consists of a nozzle 17 and a diffuser 18, which at the same time forms part of the return line 19.
  • the main flow of the medium to be treated is fed to the tube bundle apparatus by the pump 20.
  • a partial flow of the medium to be treated is supplied to the jet pump 16 by a second pump 21 as the driving medium.
  • the solid particles 14, which were separated from the treated medium in the outlet chamber 12 by the separating device 13, are conducted together with a small partial flow of the treated medium via the return line 19 and the jet pump 16 in a constant cycle.
  • a relatively small jet pump is used in this procedure.
  • the jet pump 16 is acted upon by the pump 21 with the entire volume flow of the medium to be treated; that makes a larger jet pump necessary.
  • the second pump is not required.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein the jet pump 16 is arranged within the tube bundle apparatus.
  • the nozzle 17 of the jet pump 16 is located within the outlet chamber 12, the diffuser 18 being arranged centrally within the tube bundle formed from the heat exchanger tubes 4 as a return and being connected on the one hand to the inlet chamber 11 and on the other hand to the outlet chamber 12.
  • a conical sieve is provided as a separating device 13 for the abrasive solid particles 14 within the outlet chamber 12.
  • the medium to be treated is fed to the nozzle 17 via the pump 21, the solid particles being sucked out of the outlet chamber 12 and passed together with the medium to be treated via the heat exchanger tubes 4.
  • the treated medium is discharged on the same side of the tube bundle apparatus on which the material to be treated is fed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrbündel-Apparat zur Wärmeübertragung mit zwischen Rohrböden angeordneten Wärmetauscherrohren, einer Eintrittskammer und einer Austrittskammer sowie einer Vorrichtung zur Reinigung der Wärmetauscherrohre, die eine Abtrenneinrichtung für Feststoffpartikel und eine Pumpe umfallt, deren Saugseite mit der Austrittskammer und deren Druckseite mit der Eintrittskammer verbunden ist.The invention relates to a tube bundle apparatus for heat transfer with heat exchanger tubes arranged between tube sheets, an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber and a device for cleaning the heat exchanger tubes, which topples over a separation device for solid particles and a pump, the suction side of which is connected to the outlet chamber and the pressure side of which is connected to the inlet chamber is.

Ein derartiger Rohrbündel-Apparat ist aus der BE-A-569 651 bekannt.Such a tube bundle apparatus is known from BE-A-569 651.

Rohrbündel-Apparate zur Übertragung von Wärme von einem flüssigen oder gasförmigen Medium auf eine Flüssigkeit, bei denen zusammen mit dem zu behandelnden Medium in dieser Flüssigkeit unlösliche Fremdpartikel durch die Heizrohre geführt werden, sind außerdem in DE-A-28 15 825, DE-A-34 32 864, DE-A-36 25 408 oder EP-A-0 132 873 beschrieben. Die Fremd- oder Feststoffpartikel dienen dazu, die Innenseite der Heizrohre frei von Ablagerungen und Kristallbildung zu halten, und werden normalerweise im Kreislauf geführt. Im vorstehenden Stand der Technik wird die Anwendung dieser sogenannten Wirbelschicht-Technik für den verkrustungs- und verschmutzungsfreien Betrieb von wärmeübertragenden Apparaten beschrieben. Hierbei handelt es sich stets um Anordnungen mit stehender oder wandernder Wirbelschicht. Bei diesen Anordnungen sind die Partikel deutlich schwerer als das aufzuwärmende oder zu kühlende Medium. Die Rohre sind stets senkrecht angeordnet und werden von unten nach oben durchströmt, wobei die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Flüssigkeit in einem bestimmten Verhältnis zur Sinkgeschwindigkeit der Partikel in der ruhenden Flüssigkeit stehen muß.Pipe bundle apparatuses for the transfer of heat from a liquid or gaseous medium to a liquid, in which, together with the medium to be treated, foreign particles which are insoluble in this liquid are passed through the heating pipes, are also described in DE-A-28 15 825, DE-A -34 32 864, DE-A-36 25 408 or EP-A-0 132 873. The foreign or solid particles serve to keep the inside of the heating pipes free of deposits and crystal formation, and are normally circulated. The above prior art describes the use of this so-called fluidized bed technology for the incrustation and contamination-free operation of heat-transferring apparatus. These are always arrangements with a standing or moving fluidized bed. With these arrangements, the particles are significantly heavier than the medium to be warmed up or cooled. The tubes are always arranged vertically and are flowed through from bottom to top, the flow rate of the liquid having to be in a certain ratio to the sinking rate of the particles in the still liquid.

Die Steuerung des Rückflusses der Partikel von der oberen Wasserkammer zur unteren erfolgt durch geeignete hydraulische Einbauten.Controlling the backflow of particles from the top Water chamber to the bottom is done by suitable hydraulic internals.

Die bekannten Anordnungen haben folgende Nachteile:

  • 1. Die Wahl der Größe der Feststoffpartikel und der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit ist viskositätsabhängig.
  • 2. Es sind relativ große Mengen an Partikeln (z.B. Edelstahl, Glas, Quarz usw.) erforderlich.
  • 3. Der Rohrbündel-Apparat kann nur senkrecht aufgestellt werden.
  • 4. Eine mehrflutige Bauweise der Rohrbündel ist nicht möglich.
  • 5. Mit zunehmendem Durchmesser des Rohrbündel-Apparates wird die gleichmäßige Verteilung der Partikel auf die Rohre sowie die Rückführung schwieriger.
  • 6. Bei versehentlichem Betrieb mit zu hoher Durchflußgeschwindigkeit können Partikel aus dem Apparat ausgetragen werden, so daß das Wirbelgut unter Umständen verlorengeht.
The known arrangements have the following disadvantages:
  • 1. The choice of the size of the solid particles and the flow rate depends on the viscosity.
  • 2. Relatively large quantities of particles (eg stainless steel, glass, quartz, etc.) are required.
  • 3. The tube bundle apparatus can only be set up vertically.
  • 4. A multi-flow construction of the tube bundle is not possible.
  • 5. As the diameter of the tube bundle apparatus increases, the uniform distribution of the particles on the tubes and the return becomes more difficult.
  • 6. In the event of accidental operation at too high a flow rate, particles can be discharged from the apparatus, so that the fluidized material may be lost.

Die vorstehend aufgeführten Nachteile dürften hauptsächlich dafür verantwortlich sein, daß bisher von einer nennenswerten Markteinführung solcher Apparate nicht die Rede sein kann, obwohl sich diese Technik z.B. für die Eindampfung von zur Verkrustung und Verschmutzung neigenden Abwässern geradezu anbietet.The above-mentioned disadvantages are mainly responsible for the fact that there has been no significant market launch of such devices, although this technique e.g. for the evaporation of waste water that tends to incrustation and pollution.

Aus der BE-A-569 651 und der DE-B-1 247 359 sind auch bereits liegende Wärmetauscher mit einem zur Reinigung dienenden Feststoffpartikel-Kreislauf über eine außenliegende Leitungsführung bekannt, die eine Pumpe und eine Abtrenneinrichtung für die Feststoffpartikel umfallt. Der dadurch bedingte verhältnismäßig lange außerhalb des Wärmetauschers verlaufende Weg des mit Feststoffpartikeln beladenen Mediums unter anderem durch die Pumpe bringt dort die Gefahr von Schäden und Betriebsstörungen mit sich. Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, diese Schwierigkeiten zu beseitigen und eine zuverlässigere Reinigung zu erreichen.From BE-A-569 651 and DE-B-1 247 359 there are also already lying heat exchangers with a solid particle circuit serving for cleaning via a external piping known that falls over a pump and a separator for the solid particles. The resulting relatively long path of the medium laden with solid particles outside the heat exchanger, including through the pump, entails the risk of damage and malfunctions. The object of the invention is to eliminate these difficulties and to achieve a more reliable cleaning.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Rohrbündel-Apparat der eingangs angegebenen Art dadurch gelöst, daß die Abtrenneinrichtung in der Austrittskammer angeordnet ist und daß die Aus- und Einschleusung der Feststoffpartikel mit einer durch das zu behandelnde Medium betriebenen Strahlpumpe zwischen der Austrittskammer und der Eintrittskammer erfolgt.This object is achieved in a tube bundle apparatus of the type mentioned at the outset in that the separating device is arranged in the outlet chamber and in that the solid particles are discharged and introduced with a jet pump operated by the medium to be treated between the outlet chamber and the inlet chamber.

Die Feststoffpartikel werden dabei von einer Strahlpumpe im Kreislauf gefördert. Sie werden von der Strahlpumpe aus der Austrittskammer des Rohrbündel-Apparates angesaugt und dem die Strahlpumpe speisenden Strom des zu behandelnden Mediums beigemischt. Dieses wird zusammen mit den darin homogen verteilten Feststoffpartikeln über ein Rückführrohr der Eintrittskammer des Rohrbündel-Apparates zugeleitet und strömt durch die Wärmetauscherrohre, wo ihm je nach Verfahren Wärme zugeführt oder entzogen wird. Die Rohre werden mit der für Wärmetauscher üblichen Geschwindigkeit turbulent durchströmt. Die mitgeführten, abrasiven Feststoffpartikel stoßen aufgrund der turbulenten Strömung gegen die Innenseite der Rohre und verhindern so Verkrustungen, Verschmutzungen und Anbackungen. Die Abtrennung der Fremdpartikel aus dem behandelten Medium erfolgt mittels einer in der Austrittskammer angeordneten, mechanischen Trenneinrichtung. Die Aus- und Einschleusung der Feststoffpartikel erfolgt also mit Hilfe einer Strahlpumpe, wobei das zu behandelnde Medium selbst als Treibmedium dient.The solid particles are conveyed in the circuit by a jet pump. They are drawn in by the jet pump from the outlet chamber of the tube bundle apparatus and mixed with the stream of the medium to be treated that feeds the jet pump. This, together with the solid particles homogeneously distributed therein, is fed via a return pipe to the inlet chamber of the tube bundle apparatus and flows through the heat exchanger tubes, where heat is added or removed depending on the process. The flow through the tubes is turbulent at the speed usual for heat exchangers. The entrained, abrasive solid particles collide against the inside of the pipes due to the turbulent flow, thus preventing incrustations, dirt and caking. The foreign particles are separated from the treated medium by means of a mechanical separation device arranged in the outlet chamber. The training and The solid particles are thus introduced using a jet pump, the medium to be treated itself serving as the propellant.

Dadurch wird der Vorteil eines äußerst einfachen Aufbaues erreicht. Es kommen insbesondere keine bewegten Teile oder Einrichtungen mit dem Gemisch aus Medium und abrasiven Feststoffen in Berührung, was für die Betriebssicherheit und den störungsfreien Betrieb solcher Rohrbündel-Apparate von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung ist. Durch die Anordnung der Abtrenneinrichtung in der Austrittskammer und Verwendung einer Strahlpumpe, die keinen eigenen Antrieb erfordert, ergeben sich insbesondere ein sehr einfacher und kompakter Aufbau einer solchen Anlage, wobei von besonderem Vorteil ist, daß die Einbaulage beliebig und je nach dem zur Verfügung stehenden Raumangebot frei gewählt werden kann.The advantage of an extremely simple structure is achieved. In particular, no moving parts or devices come into contact with the mixture of medium and abrasive solids, which is of crucial importance for the operational safety and the trouble-free operation of such tube bundle apparatus. The arrangement of the separating device in the outlet chamber and the use of a jet pump, which does not require its own drive, results in a very simple and compact construction of such a system, it being particularly advantageous that the installation position is arbitrary and depending on the available space can be freely chosen.

Je nach Einbaulage, Viskosität des zu behandelnden Mediums, seiner Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Größe und dem spezifischen Gewicht der Feststoffpartikel ist die Abtrenneinrichtung als Flachsieb, Schlitzsieb oder rechenartig ausgebildet, wobei es vorteilhaft sein kann, sie dachförmig auszuführen oder geneigt zur Strömungsrichtung anzuordnen. Damit ist eine gezielte Bewegung der Feststoffpartikel beim Abtrennen möglich. Auch bei Dichteunterschieden zwischen Partikeln und Medium ist ein Transport der Partikel zum Austragsstutzen hin gewährleistet. Ein gegen die Strömungsrichtung geneigtes Schlitzsieb bzw. ein Rechen haben den Vorteil, daß die Partikel nicht haften bleiben, sondern bedingt durch die Neigung des Rechens eine nach unten gerichtete resultierende Kraft auf die Partikel ausgeübt wird, so daß sich diese auch ohne Schwerkrafteinfluß entlang des Rechens zum Austragsstutzen hin bewegen.Depending on the installation position, viscosity of the medium to be treated, its flow rate and the size and specific weight of the solid particles, the separating device is designed as a flat sieve, slotted sieve or rake-like, whereby it can be advantageous to make it roof-shaped or to arrange it inclined to the direction of flow. This enables a targeted movement of the solid particles during separation. Even if there are differences in density between the particles and the medium, the particles are transported to the discharge nozzle. A slotted screen inclined against the direction of flow or a rake has the advantage that the particles do not stick, but due to the inclination of the rake, a downward resulting force is exerted on the particles, so that they also act without gravity along the rake move towards the discharge nozzle.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Strahlpumpe durch einen zentral im Rohrbündel angeordneten Diffusor in Verbindung mit einer diesem vorgesetzten Düse gebildet ist. Dadurch ist eine besonders raumsparende, kompakte Anlagenausführung möglich. Der Vorteil dieser Anordnung ist im Fortfall der verbindenden Rohrleitungen zwischen der Strahlpumpe und dem Rohrbündel-Apparat zu sehen, wobei gleichzeitig der Wirkungsgrad der Strahlpumpe verbessert wird. Durch die zentrale Rückführung und die innenliegende Strahlpumpe ergeben sich die kürzest möglichen Strömungswege und damit eine Verringerung der Strömungsverluste und außerdem geringe Wärmeverluste. Durch das als Diffusor ausgebildete, innenliegende Rückführrohr vergrößert sich der Außendurchmesser des Rohrbündel-Apparates bei gleicher Wärmeaustauschfläche nur unwesentlich. Die Baulänge oder -höhe (je nach Einbaulage) vergrößert sich durch die erfindungsgemäße innenliegende Strahlpumpe nicht oder nur geringfügig, da die Austrittskammer strömungstechnisch und konstruktiv bedingt ohnehin ein relativ großes Volumen hat.In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the jet pump is formed by a diffuser arranged centrally in the tube bundle in connection with a nozzle placed in front of it. This enables a particularly space-saving, compact system design. The advantage of this arrangement can be seen in the elimination of the connecting pipelines between the jet pump and the tube bundle apparatus, the efficiency of the jet pump being improved at the same time. The central return and the internal jet pump result in the shortest possible flow paths and thus a reduction in flow losses and also low heat losses. Due to the internal return tube designed as a diffuser, the outer diameter of the tube bundle apparatus increases only insignificantly with the same heat exchange surface. The overall length or height (depending on the installation position) does not increase, or only slightly, as a result of the internal jet pump according to the invention, since the outlet chamber has a relatively large volume in terms of flow and construction anyway.

Inbesondere wenn dabei die Abtrenneinrichtung als Kegelsieb ausgebildet ist, entsteht kein zusätzlicher Platzbedarf, um die Düse in der Austrittskammer anzuordnen. Die Tatsache, daß in diesem Falle die Zuführung des zu behandelnden Mediums und die Abführung des behandelten Mediums am selben Ende des Rohrbündel-Apparates erfolgen, ermöglicht unter Umständen eine besonders günstige Rohrleitungsführung ohne Wärmedehnungsausgleichs-Notwendigkeit.In particular, if the separating device is designed as a conical sieve, there is no additional space requirement for arranging the nozzle in the outlet chamber. The fact that in this case the supply of the medium to be treated and the discharge of the treated medium take place at the same end of the tube bundle apparatus may make it possible, in certain circumstances, for piping to be particularly favorable without the need for thermal expansion compensation.

Eine zusätzliche Verbesserung des Betriebsablaufs ergibt sich dann, wenn die Strahlpumpe mit einem Teilstrom des zu behandelnden Mediums von weniger als 20 %, vorzugsweise 5 bis 10%, des Gesamtstroms betrieben wird.An additional improvement of the operational sequence results when the jet pump is operated with a partial flow of the medium to be treated of less than 20%, preferably 5 to 10%, of the total flow.

Der Teilstrom soll vorzugsweise gerade ausreichen, die Feststoffpartikel abzusaugen und diesen Teilstrom auf den Eintrittsdruck des Wärmetauschers zu verdichten.The partial flow should preferably be sufficient to suck off the solid particles and to compress this partial flow to the inlet pressure of the heat exchanger.

Wenn nur ein so großer Teil des zu behandelnden Mediums der Strahlpumpe zugeleitet, wie als Treibstrahl für die rückgeführte Menge an behandeltem Medium erforderlich ist, und der Rest des Mediums mit einer gesonderten Pumpe der Eintrittskammer direkt zugeleitet wird, kann die Strahlpumpe in ihren Dimensionen kleiner ausgelegt werden. Dieser Vorteil muß jedoch mit der Installation einer zweiten Pumpe erkauft werden. Je nach zu behandelndem Medium und dessen Viskosität kann es vorteilhafter sein, den gesamten Volumenstrom des zu behandelnden Mediums durch die Strahlpumpe zu führen, da hierbei der Treibdruck und die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit geringer sind und damit die mechanische Belastung von Strahlpumpe und Feststoffpartikeln gering gehalten wird.If only as large a part of the medium to be treated is fed to the jet pump as is required as a driving jet for the returned amount of treated medium, and the rest of the medium is fed directly to the inlet chamber with a separate pump, the jet pump can be dimensioned smaller will. However, this advantage must be bought with the installation of a second pump. Depending on the medium to be treated and its viscosity, it may be more advantageous to pass the entire volume flow of the medium to be treated through the jet pump, since the driving pressure and the flow rate are lower and the mechanical load on the jet pump and solid particles is thus kept low.

Besondere Vorteile ergeben sich aus einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung, wenn das spezifische Gewicht der abrasiven Feststoffpartikel genauso groß oder höchstens 50 % größer ist als das des zu behandelnden Mediums. Dadurch, daß zur Erzeugung der abrasiven Reinigung der Rohre Partikel verwendet werden, deren Dichte gleich oder nur wenig größer ist als die des zu behandelnden Mediums, bleiben die Partikel auch bei geringerer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in der Schwebe und damit homogen in der Flüssigkeit verteilt. Ein Absetzen oder Ansammeln der Feststoffpartikel an Stellen schwacher Strömung wird somit vermieden bzw. sehr weitgehend reduziert. Es wird außerdem die gleichmäßige Beaufschlagung des gesamten Rohrbündels mit Partikeln gewährleistet, so daß sämtliche Rohre gleichmäßig gereinigt werden. Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist diese Ausgestaltung für den lageunabhängigen Einbau von Rohrbündel-Apparaten. Sie ermöglicht darüber hinaus eine mehrflutige Bauweise der Rohrbündel-Apparate. Da die Dichte der Feststoffpartikel gleich oder nur geringfügig größer ist als des zu behandelnden Mediums, folgen sie der Strömung durch den Wärmetauscher auch bei stärkerer Umlenkung oder großen Geschwindigkeitsunterschieden problemlos, was günstig für die Gestaltungsfreiheit hinsichtlich Wärmetauscher und Leitungen ist. Es ist darüber hinaus von Vorteil, daß die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit außerhalb der Wärmetauscherrohre geringer sein kann als bei herkömmlichen Verfahren, da die Gefahr des Entmischens und Absetzens nicht gegeben ist. Das bedeutet geringere Druckverluste und damit Kosteneinsparungen. Während bei den bisherigen Verfahren zur Einhaltung einer ganz bestimmten Sinkgeschwindigkeit der Partikel je nach Medium eine relativ exakt einzuhaltende, bestimmte Korngröße notwendig war, besteht ein weiterer Vorteil der vorgeschlagenen Maßnahme darin, daß die Grölle der Feststoffpartikel frei gewählt werden kann. Die Feststoffpartikel strömen mit der gleichen Geschwindigkeit wie die Flüssigkeit und folgen daher auch den in Wärmetauschern unter Umständen vorhandenen Umlenkungen. Somit können auch vorhandene Wärmetauscher ohne verfahrenstechnische Probleme entsprechend um- bzw. nachgerüstet werden. Auch die Anzahl der Feststoffpartikel ist in weiten Grenzen frei wählbar und kann je nach Verschmutzungsneigung des zu behandelnden Mediums kleiner oder größer gewählt werden, was einen erheblichen Verfahrensvorteil darstellt.Particular advantages result from a development of the invention if the specific weight of the abrasive solid particles is the same size or at most 50% greater than that of the medium to be treated. Due to the fact that particles are used to produce the abrasive cleaning of the pipes, the density of which is equal to or only slightly greater than that of the medium to be treated, the particles remain suspended even at a lower flow rate and are therefore homogeneously distributed in the liquid. Settling or accumulation of the solid particles at points of weak flow is thus avoided or very largely reduced. It also ensures uniform loading of the entire tube bundle with particles, so that all tubes are cleaned evenly. This configuration is particularly advantageous for the installation of tube bundle apparatus regardless of the position. they also enables a multi-flow design of the tube bundle apparatus. Since the density of the solid particles is the same or only slightly greater than the medium to be treated, they easily follow the flow through the heat exchanger even when there is a greater deflection or large differences in speed, which is beneficial for the design freedom with regard to heat exchangers and lines. It is also advantageous that the flow rate outside the heat exchanger tubes can be lower than in conventional processes, since there is no risk of segregation and settling. This means lower pressure losses and thus cost savings. While in the previous methods for maintaining a very specific sinking speed of the particles, depending on the medium, a certain grain size had to be observed relatively precisely, a further advantage of the proposed measure is that the size of the solid particles can be chosen freely. The solid particles flow at the same speed as the liquid and therefore also follow the deflections that may be present in heat exchangers. This means that even existing heat exchangers can be converted or retrofitted without any process engineering problems. The number of solid particles can also be freely selected within wide limits and can be chosen to be smaller or larger depending on the tendency of the medium to be treated to become dirty, which represents a considerable process advantage.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Fig. 1 bis 4 schematisch dargestellt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben, wobei auf geläufige Details verzichtet wurde. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Rohrbündel-Apparat mit außenliegender Rückführung
  • Fig. 2 eine Verfahrensführung, bei der nur ein Teil des zu behandelnden Mediums als Treibstrahl dient
  • Fig. 3 eine Verfahrensführung, bei der das gesamte zu behandelnde Medium als Treibstrahl dient
  • Fig. 4 einen Rohrbündel-Apparat mit innenliegender Rückführung und im Inneren angeordneter Strahlpumpe.
Embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 4 and described in more detail below, with common details being omitted. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows a tube bundle apparatus with external feedback
  • Fig. 2 shows a procedure in which only part of the medium to be treated serves as a jet
  • Fig. 3 shows a procedure in which the entire medium to be treated serves as a driving jet
  • Fig. 4 shows a tube bundle apparatus with internal return and jet pump arranged inside.

Der Rohrbündel-Apparat besteht aus einem Behältermantel 1, in dem die Rohrböden 2 und 3 mit dazwischenliegenden Wärmetauscherrohren 4 angeordnet sind, und den Behälterböden 5 und 6 mit den Ein- und Austrittsstutzen 7 bzw. 8. Die Wärmetauscherrohre 4 werden von einem Heiz- oder Kühlmedium umspült, das über einen Stutzen 9 zugeführt wird, entweder wie hier dargestellt im Gleichstrom oder im Gegenstrom fließt, und über einen Stutzen 10 abgeführt wird. Der Raum zwischen Rohrboden 2 und Behälterboden 5 stellt die Eintrittskammer 11 für das zu behandelnde Medium und der Raum zwischen Rohrboden 3 und Behälterboden 6 die Austrittskammer 12 für das behandelte Medium dar. In der Austrittskammer 12 ist eine hier schematisch als Flachsieb dargestellte Abtrenneinrichtung 13 angeordnet, mit der die Feststoffpartikel 14 aus dem behandelten Medium abgeschieden werden. Das behandelte, von den abrasiven Feststoffpartikeln 14 befreite Medium verläßt den Rohrbündel-Apparat über den Austrittsstutzen 8, während die Feststoffpartikel über den Austragsstutzen 15 aus dem Rohrbündel-Apparat abgezogen werden. Sie werden zusammen mit einem kleinen, gerade für den Transport ausreichenden Teilstrom des behandelten Mediums, d.h. der aufgewärmten oder abgekühlten Flüssigkeit von einer Strahlpumpe 16 angesaugt. Die Strahlpumpe 16 besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Düse 17 und einem Diffusor 18, der gleichzeitig einen Teil der Rückführleitung 19 darstellt.The tube bundle apparatus consists of a container jacket 1, in which the tube sheets 2 and 3 are arranged with intermediate heat exchanger tubes 4, and the container bases 5 and 6 with the inlet and outlet nozzles 7 and 8. The heat exchanger tubes 4 are from a heating or Washed cooling medium, which is supplied via a nozzle 9, either as shown here in Co-current or counter-current flows, and is discharged via a nozzle 10. The space between the tube plate 2 and the container base 5 represents the inlet chamber 11 for the medium to be treated and the space between the tube plate 3 and the container base 6 represents the outlet chamber 12 for the medium being treated. In the outlet chamber 12 a separation device 13, shown here schematically as a flat screen, is arranged, with which the solid particles 14 are separated from the treated medium. The treated medium, freed from the abrasive solid particles 14, leaves the tube bundle apparatus via the outlet nozzle 8, while the solid particles are withdrawn from the tube bundle apparatus via the discharge nozzle 15. They are sucked in by a jet pump 16 together with a small partial stream of the treated medium, which is just sufficient for the transport, ie the warmed or cooled liquid. The jet pump 16 essentially consists of a nozzle 17 and a diffuser 18, which at the same time forms part of the return line 19.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Verfahrensführung wird der Hauptstrom des zu behandelten Mediums dem Rohrbündel-Apparat durch die Pumpe 20 zugeführt. Ein Teilstrom des zu behandelnden Mediums wird der Strahlpumpe 16 von einer zweiten Pumpe 21 als Treibmedium zugeführt. Die Feststoffpartikel 14, die in der Austrittskammer 12 von der Abtrenneinrichtung 13 von dem behandelten Medium abgetrennt wurden, werden zusammen mit einem kleinen Teilstrom des behandelten Mediums über die Rückführleitung 19 und die Strahlpumpe 16 im steten Kreislauf geführt. Bei dieser Verfahrensführung kommt eine relativ kleine Strahlpumpe zum Einsatz.2, the main flow of the medium to be treated is fed to the tube bundle apparatus by the pump 20. A partial flow of the medium to be treated is supplied to the jet pump 16 by a second pump 21 as the driving medium. The solid particles 14, which were separated from the treated medium in the outlet chamber 12 by the separating device 13, are conducted together with a small partial flow of the treated medium via the return line 19 and the jet pump 16 in a constant cycle. A relatively small jet pump is used in this procedure.

Bei der Verfahrensführung entsprechend Fig. 3 wird demgegenüber die Strahlpumpe 16 mit dem gesamten Mengenstrom des zu behandelnden Mediums von der Pumpe 21 beaufschlagt; das macht eine größere Strahlpumpe erforderlich. Dafür entfällt die zweite Pumpe.3, in contrast, the jet pump 16 is acted upon by the pump 21 with the entire volume flow of the medium to be treated; that makes a larger jet pump necessary. The second pump is not required.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine alternative Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, wobei die Strahlpumpe 16 innerhalb des Rohrbündel-Apparates angeordnet ist. Die Düse 17 der Strahlpumpe 16 befindet sich innerhalb der Austrittskammer 12, wobei der Diffusor 18 zentral innerhalb des aus den Wärmetauscherrohren 4 gebildeten Rohrbündels als Rückführung angeordnet und einerseits mit der Eintrittskammer 11 und andererseits mit der Austrittskammer 12 verbunden ist. Als Abtrenneinrichtung 13 für die abrasiven Feststoffpartikel 14 ist in diesem Falle innerhalb der Austrittskammer 12 ein Kegelsieb vorgesehen. Das zu behandelnde Medium wird der Düse 17 über die Pumpe 21 zugeführt, wobei die Feststoffpartikel aus der Austrittskammer 12 angesaugt und gemeinsam mit dem zu behandelnden Medium über die Wärmetauscherrohre 4 geführt werden. Das behandelte Medium wird auf derselben Seite des Rohrbündel-Apparates abgeführt, auf der das zu behandelnde zugeführt wird.Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein the jet pump 16 is arranged within the tube bundle apparatus. The nozzle 17 of the jet pump 16 is located within the outlet chamber 12, the diffuser 18 being arranged centrally within the tube bundle formed from the heat exchanger tubes 4 as a return and being connected on the one hand to the inlet chamber 11 and on the other hand to the outlet chamber 12. In this case, a conical sieve is provided as a separating device 13 for the abrasive solid particles 14 within the outlet chamber 12. The medium to be treated is fed to the nozzle 17 via the pump 21, the solid particles being sucked out of the outlet chamber 12 and passed together with the medium to be treated via the heat exchanger tubes 4. The treated medium is discharged on the same side of the tube bundle apparatus on which the material to be treated is fed.

Claims (9)

  1. A tube cluster apparatus for heat transfer, having: heat exchanger tubes (4) disposed between tube ends (2, 3); an inlet chamber (11); an outlet chamber (12) and a device for cleaning the heat exchanger tubes (4) which comprises a separating device (13) for solid particles (14) and a pump (16) whose intake side is connected to the outlet chamber (12) and whose delivery side is connected to the inlet chamber (11), characterized in that the separating device (13) is disposed in the outlet chamber (12), and the solid particles (14) are discharged and charged between the outlet chamber (12) and the inlet chamber (11) by means of a jet pump (16) operated by the medium to be treated.
  2. A tube cluster apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device (13) takes the form of a flat screen.
  3. A tube cluster apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device (13) is constructed after the fashion of a rake.
  4. A tube cluster apparatus according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the separating device (13) is constructed after the fashion of a roof.
  5. A tube cluster apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (13) is disposed at an inclination to the direction of flow of the medium to be treated.
  6. A tube cluster apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet pump (16) is formed by a diffusor (18) disposed centrally in the tube cluster (4), in conjunction with a nozzle (17) disposed upstream of said diffuser.
  7. A tube cluster apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the separating device (13) is constructed in the form of a cone sieve.
  8. A tube cluster apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jet pump (16) is operated with a partial flow of the medium to be treated of less than 20%, preferably 5 to 10%, of the total flow.
  9. A tube cluster apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the specific weight of the solid particles (14) is at least as great and at most 50% higher than that of the medium to be treated.
EP19890114306 1988-09-15 1989-08-03 Tube bundle apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0358921B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3831385 1988-09-15
DE19883831385 DE3831385C2 (en) 1988-09-15 1988-09-15 Method and device for operating a tube bundle apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0358921A1 EP0358921A1 (en) 1990-03-21
EP0358921B1 true EP0358921B1 (en) 1992-11-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890114306 Expired - Lifetime EP0358921B1 (en) 1988-09-15 1989-08-03 Tube bundle apparatus

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EP (1) EP0358921B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3831385C2 (en)

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DE4010478A1 (en) * 1990-03-31 1991-10-02 Krupp Buckau Maschinenbau Gmbh DEVICE FOR HEAT TRANSFER
DE4016043A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-21 Krupp Buckau Maschinenbau Gmbh Fluidised bed tube bundle heat exchanger - designed to avoid solids backflow and dead zone, contg. mostly riser tubes for solid-laden medium
GB2318165B (en) * 1996-10-10 2000-07-12 Biofence Ltd Photobioreactor having mobile cleaning means
AUPP158098A0 (en) 1998-01-29 1998-02-26 Arnold, Geoffery Peter Laser alignment apparatus and method
NL1019670C2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-01 Klarex Beheer B V Device for performing a physical and / or chemical process, such as a heat exchanger.
FR2863697B1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2008-09-12 Technos Et Cie HEAT EXCHANGER WITH CLEANING MEANS.
DE102009014786A1 (en) 2008-08-18 2010-02-25 Coperion Gmbh Processing plant for bulk material
CN104713413B (en) * 2013-12-13 2017-01-04 衢州学院 A kind of heat exchanger online strengthening apparatus for eliminating sludge
CN103968689A (en) * 2014-05-26 2014-08-06 英尼奥斯欧洲股份公司 Waste water cooler used in acrylonitrile manufacture
CN107764108B (en) * 2016-08-23 2019-05-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 The fluid-bed heat exchanger of solid particle Efficient Cycle

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DE3831385C2 (en) 1997-06-12
DE3831385A1 (en) 1990-03-29
EP0358921A1 (en) 1990-03-21

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