EP0015574B1 - Projectile, e.g. for hunting, and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a projectile intended for hunting purposes, for example, with a projectile body which tapers towards the front end and which contains a central opening which starts from the front and in which an insert which closes the plug is inserted. The invention also relates to a method for producing such projectiles.

Bullets of this type are said to mushroom when struck against a relatively soft target, such as a game body, so that the kinetic energy is quickly used up and the game is given a shock which leads to its stunning or even death, even if the wound itself is not fatal is. If, on the other hand, such projectiles hit a harder target, such as the bones of a game, they should not shatter, but should produce the best possible bullet.

An example of such projectiles is the hunting projectile known from DE-C-22 28 733, which contains a lead filling in the projectile body, which supports the spreading and mushrooming of the wall surrounding the central opening of the projectile body when the projectile hits a game body prevents an explosive burst of the bullet, so that the front end of the bullet folds outwards at the target without tearing off. Although such projectiles cause mushrooming and effective hits to some extent, it is disadvantageous that their lead filling is exposed in the target and broken down into tiny particles and rubbed around the shot channel in the game body. The resulting lead particles are so fine that they are not visible to the naked eye and can therefore also be difficult to remove when preparing venison dishes. Because of the large surface area of the finely ground lead particles (lead mucus), the enjoyment of the venison permeated with lead leads to nausea and even poisoning. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that such projectiles lose their kinetic energy quickly in the target, but can fly very far if they do not hit a target, so that they pose a not insignificant hinterland hazard. This is particularly undesirable in inhabited areas and where hunting grounds are adjacent to residential areas.

In practice projectiles, it is known to shorten the trajectory (DE-C-734 429) to provide grooves in the area of the front tapered end of the projectile body, which grooves are designed as braking surfaces. Furthermore, it is known for such projectile projectiles to provide a central opening in the projectile body, in which a plug closing this is inserted. A mushrooming of the projectile body in a soft target and a smooth penetration of a harder target is not provided.

On the other hand, however, it is known for projectiles with a projectile body that mushrooms in the target (FR-A-2 321 108) to provide a cap-like insert in a central opening of the projectile body, which is pressed into the opening in the target and thereby the mushrooming of the projectile body supports and accelerates. The insert is relatively thin-walled, so that it accelerates the mushrooming only to a limited extent.

Furthermore, it is also known in the case of projectiles (US-A-2123981) to provide a completely filling insert in a recess extending from the front end of the projectile body, which insert is compressed in the target, so that the edge of the projectile body is deformed into an annular collar , which leads to a certain broadening of the projectile body, but does not produce the radial depth effect caused by a mushrooming projectile body.

Finally, it is known from US-A-2,838,000 to insert an insert into a front, central opening of a tapered projectile body, weak points being arranged in the region of the tapered front end.

The invention has for its object to provide a projectile suitable for hunting purposes, for example, which shows stable flight behavior within a certain range, but quickly loses its ability to fly outside of this range and thus does not endanger the hinterland, and which has an effective hit in a soft target produces a good depth effect, but in a hard target produces clean penetration.

This object is achieved with a projectile of the type mentioned at the outset, the projectile body containing weak points in the region of its tapered front end in that these weak points in the form of incisions and inclined at an angle to its longitudinal axis and opposite to its direction of swirl / or notches extending from its outside, one wall of which forms a resistance to the rotation of the flying projectile, and that the insert is arranged in the conically widening end of the central opening.

The oblique incisions and / or notches slow down the rotation of the flying projectile by deflecting the air passing over the projectile body, so that the flight behavior becomes very unstable after passing through the normal range, which is between 300 and 400 meters for hunting projectiles, for example and loses the speed required to fly and falls accordingly, so that it does not pose a risk to the hinterland. In a target struck by this floor, the roaring is caused by the mushrooming caused by the oblique incisions tion increased, so that even with a relatively hard target, such as an animal's bone, there is a clean bullet, while when hitting a soft target, such as meat parts of a game, the mushrooming of the projectile body is accelerated and promoted without parts of the projectile body being able to tear off. As far as the projectile body contains a lead filling at all, it does not need to be exposed for the mushrooming process, so that there is no lead deposits in the body hit. The insert in the central opening is relatively stable and therefore effectively supports the mushrooming of the projectile body.

The insert is preferably designed as a conical closure piece which has a cup-like depression on the front. This results in an increased resistance and thus a faster reaction when the projectile penetrates into a game body, because the insert penetrates faster into the central opening of the projectile body and accordingly accelerates the mushrooming of the projectile body in a soft target.

The insert can also have the shape of a sphere.

According to a further feature of the invention, in the central opening of the projectile body, a filling made of non-harmful and organic material, for example based on protein, made of cellulose or starch, can be provided at least partially filling this opening. This filling can be a compact, for example. It supports the mushrooming of the bullet in the target, but does not leave any residues which are harmful to the health of the venison in the body hit. The mushrooming in the target takes place in a manner which increases the twist which has been given to the projectile by the trains of the weapon, in that the front part of the projectile body is broken down into strips which follow in strips which run obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the projectile body Bend outside and at least partially curl up. This type of mushrooming increases the swirl of the projectile in the target and a particularly good and clean penetration with the desired depth effect is achieved. If harder objects such as bones are hit, there is also a clean penetration without the bones being shattered.

If the filling of the central opening of the projectile body is a compact, it does not need to contain any cavities, since the filling can be compressed somewhat when the projectile strikes a target and the mushrooming of the projectile only begins after the target has already mattered into the central one Opening of the projectile body has penetrated and inserted the closure piece deeper into the opening.

The bullet according to the invention is preferably intended for hunting purposes, but is also suitable for other purposes or other weapons. It can be used with hunting rifles as well as other firearms such as other rifles and also revolvers or pistols, whereby its external dimensions depend on the caliber and the type of weapon in question.

The projectiles according to the invention are produced, as is known (US-A-2838000), by first forming a hollow body which is open towards the front and finally tapering the front end of this hollow body in a pointed manner. According to the invention, this manufacturing process is modified in that an inwardly tapering hole is pressed into an end face of a cylindrical blank made of copper, tombac or iron, then incisions and / or notches are formed in the wall surrounding the hole as weak points, and then the the perforated end of the blank to a point with a substantially cylindrical or conical central hole, which is widened at the outer end, pressed together and the insert is then inserted. The projectile thus finished can be produced by simple pressing operations, so that no expensive turning work, which can only be carried out on expensive automatic turret machines with reasonable effort, is necessary.

The incisions serving as weak points are, for example, incisions whose walls are in mutual contact so that they do not impair the closed outer shape of the projectile, even if they have been introduced into the projectile body from the outside.

The invention is based on the idea, on the one hand, of braking the rotation of the projectile in flight, in order to prevent the projectile from flying uncontrolled beyond the desired range, and, on the other hand, of ensuring effective bullets in a hit body without the effects of poisoning or severely splintering bones. When the projectile penetrates into a target, the rotation around the longitudinal axis of the projectile body, which is intentionally reduced in flight, is increased again, thereby preventing the projectile from overturning in the game body hit. Rather, because of the increased rotation, a clean but larger reject is obtained, which leads to a greater sweat discharge when the game is hit. The use provided in the projectile body causes a faster reaction in the target. Because the projectile body mushrooms without splintering, the entire kinetic energy is retained and results in a greater depth effect.

• Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform des Geschosses,
• Figur 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform des Geschosses, das im hinteren Bereich eine Bleifüllung enthält,
• Figur3 einen Längsschnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform des Geschosses mit durchgehender zentraler Öffnung,
• Figur4 eine Seitenansicht des Geschosses aus Fig. 2, nachdem dasselbe auf ein Ziel aufgetroffen und dadurch aufgepilzt ist,
• Figur 5 eine Vorderansicht des aufgepilzten Geschosses aus Fig. 4,
• Figur6 einen Längsschnitt eines zylindrischen Rohlings, aus dem ein Geschoß der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Art hergestellt werden soll,
• Figur 7 einen Längsschnitt durch den Rohling aus Fig. 6, nachdem sein vorderes Ende gelocht worden ist,
• Figur einen Längsschnitt durch das vordere Ende des Rohlings, nachdem in den gelochten Bereich von innen Rillen eingebracht worden sind,
• Figur 9 eine Ansicht des gelochten Stirnendes des in Fig.8 dargestellten Rohlings und
• Figur 10 einen Längsschnitt durch den fertig geformten Geschoßkörper, bevor in seine zentrale Öffnung eine Füllung und/oder ein Einsatz eingebracht wird.

In the drawing, embodiments of the projectile according to the invention and the manufacture of the same are shown on a greatly enlarged scale, and that shows

• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the projectile,
• Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through a second Embodiment of the projectile which contains a lead filling in the rear area,
• FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a third embodiment of the projectile with a continuous central opening,
• FIG. 4 shows a side view of the projectile from FIG. 2 after it has hit a target and thereby mushroomed,
• FIG. 5 shows a front view of the mushroomed projectile from FIG. 4,
• 6 shows a longitudinal section of a cylindrical blank from which a projectile of the type shown in FIG. 2 is to be produced,
• FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section through the blank from FIG. 6 after its front end has been perforated,
• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the front end of the blank after grooves have been introduced from the inside into the perforated area,
• Figure 9 is a view of the perforated end of the blank shown in Figure 8 and
• 10 shows a longitudinal section through the finished projectile body before a filling and / or an insert is introduced into its central opening.

The floor 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a full floor body 2, which consists for example of tombac or copper. A substantially cylindrical blind hole 3 is provided in the tapered front end, which ends in a conical extension 4. In the area of the blind hole 3, notches 5 are formed in the surface of the projectile body 2 in the region of its tip 2a obliquely to the longitudinal axis 6 and extend into the cylindrical central part 2b of the projectile body 2 and run out there. These notches are arranged in such a way that they inhibit the rotation imparted to the flying projectile by the gun's trains due to the air flowing through them, which is why they run counter to the direction of swirl.

In the conical extension 4 of the blind hole 3, a disc-shaped insert 4a is arranged, which is designed in the shape of a truncated cone corresponding to the conical extension 4. A cup-shaped depression 4b is provided on the front of the insert 4a, which promotes the insertion of the insert 4a into the blind hole 3 when it hits a target.

The projectile shown in FIG. 1 has a projectile body 10 which contains a recess 11 in the rear region which is filled with lead. The projectile body can therefore also consist of iron. Furthermore, in the area of the blind hole 3 10 incisions 13 are formed in the projectile body, which serve as weak points and facilitate the mushrooming of the projectile body in the target. These incisions 13 can run both from the blind hole 3 to the outside and from the outside to the inside or are even continuous from the outside into the blind hole. The incisions can also be notches. However, they can also be invisible on the surface, so that they do not affect the rotation.

The bullet from FIG. 2 mushrooms in the target so that the lead filling 12 is not exposed, so that the target cannot be penetrated with lead.

The projectile 14 shown in Fig. 3 has a projectile body 15 with a continuous central hole 16 which is closed at the rear end with an inserted plate 17 and at the front end with an inserted ball 18. The ball 18 is made of not particularly strong material and is compressible to a certain extent so that it can be pressed out of the conical extension 19 of the hole 16 into it and pushed through the hole in order to finally repel the plate 17 from the projectile body 15. From the outside, incisions 20 are formed in the projectile body 15, which run up to depressions 21 which are located in the cylindrical part of the projectile body 15. In this way, an inclination of the strips of the projectile body bent outwards when the projectile is mushroomed in the target is achieved, even if the incisions 20 run in the same direction as the longitudinal axis 22 of the projectile body 15. However, the incisions 20 preferably run in the same way as the notches 5 and the incisions 13 in the opposite direction to the swirl direction or the direction of rotation of the flying projectile.

4 and 5 show how the projectile according to FIG. 1 mushrooms in the target. The projectiles according to FIGS. 2 and 3 behave similarly in the target.

In Fig. 4 2 grooves 23 can be seen in the projectile body, which were pressed in by the trains of the weapon when the projectile was fired. At the front end of the projectile body, four strips 24 have formed, which are bent outwards and somewhat rolled up. From Fig. 4 it can be seen that the strips 24 are bent with an inclined front edge 25, the front edges 25 are so inclined that they significantly increase the swirl of the projectile in the target.

6 to 10 show how a projectile of the type shown in FIG. 2 can be produced with a pressing device. The starting material is a cylindrical blank 26, which can be cut from a rod or a wire, for example. 7, an outwardly widening hole 27 with a mandrel has been pressed into one end face of the blank 26, thereby increasing the length of the blank 26. According to FIGS. 8 and 9, 27 grooves 28 are pushed into the wall of the hole, the flanks of which, as shown in FIG. Then the front end of the blank is pressed together so that the tip 29 shown in FIG. 10 forms, in which there is an essentially cylindrical blind hole 3 with a conically widened end 4. The grooves 28 are now compressed so that their flanks in the immediate vicinity Are in contact with each other so that the grooves form weak spots that practically only appear like hairline cracks. Now only the filling and / or an insert or a cap has to be introduced into the blind hole 3 in order to complete the projectile if an insert or a cap is provided.

The projectile can thus be produced by simple pressing and punching processes and without the need for expensive turning with conventional machines. Should the projectile body be filled with lead; As shown in Fig., a corresponding blank must be used.

Although the projectile is preferably intended for hunting and sports purposes, where a danger to the hinterland is particularly undesirable, the projectile can in principle be designed and used for all rifles, pistols or revolvers.

It should be noted that the individual features of the above-described embodiments of projectiles according to the invention are interchangeable. However, it must be ensured that if a lead filling is used, it must not shatter even after the bullet has hit a target.

Claims (4)

1. Projectile, e. g. for hunting, comprising a shell body having a conical front end (2 ; 10 ; 15), said shell body comprising a frontal central opening (3 ; 16) in which is located an insert (4a ; 8 ; 18) closing the latter, said shell body (2 ; 10 ; 15) being provided in the area of its conical front end (2a) with weak points, characterized in that said weak points are designed in the form of recesses (13 ; 20) angularly projecting vertically to its longitudinal axis (6 ; 22) and opposite to its twisting direction, and/or in the form of notches (5) projecting from its outer face, one wall of which forms a resistance counteracting the rotation of the flying projectile, and that insert (4a ; 8 ; 18) is located in the conical end (4 ; 19) of central opening (3 ; 16).

2. Projectile as defined in claim 1, characterized in that insert (4a) comprises a conical side wall and at its front face a cup-like recess (4b).

3. Projectile as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the central opening (3) of the shell body (10) comprises a filling (7) at least partly filling the latter and made of a material not injurious to health, e. g. an organic material on the basis of albumin, cellulose or starch, which may be a compact body.

4. Process for the production of projectiles comprising the features disclosed in claim 1, in which is first of all formed a shell having a frontal open end then forming the front end conically into a tip, characterized in that there is pressed into the front end of a cylindrical blank (26) consisting of copper, tombac or iron a hole (27) conically projecting to the inside, subsequently forming in the wall enclosing the hole recesses and/or notches (28) serving as weak points, then compressing the perforated end of the blank into a tip (29) comprising a substantially cylindrical or conical central hole (3) enlarged at the outer end and finally inserting insert (4a ;-8 18).

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