DE102011100020A1 - Building access device e.g. loading dock, for docking e.g. industrial truck, has metal region including signal transmitting area for transmitting signals to or from transmitting or receiving devices and/or passageway - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a metal region turned towards a passage way. The metal region is provided with radio frequency identification (RFID) transmitting or receiving devices (19) i.e. RFID antennas (20), on a side, which is turned away from the passage way. The metal region includes a signal transmitting area (24) for transmitting RFID signals to or from the RFID transmitting or receiving devices and/or the passageway. The metal region is formed by a metal plate and/or a metal sheet (22). A shielding device (36) includes a flexible hanging unit e.g. plastic hanging unit, with a wire shield.

Description

The invention relates to a building access device and a component thereof.

As a building access device comes here in particular a door, a gate or a loading dock in question. In particular, the building access device is for creating a passageway for the introduction or discharge of goods or goods in a building or out of a building addition. Moreover, the invention relates to a component as part of such a building access device.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to z. B. a loading dock for docking transport vehicles to a building. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the component, a loading bridge or a loading ramp for such a loading dock is provided as a component.

However, the invention is not limited to loading docks or loading bridges; It also relates to other building access devices, such as doors or gates, which may serve as access for a structure to transport in particular goods or goods into or out of the structure.

Many retailers only accept deliveries of goods that are shipped with RFID transponders, such as B. RFID chips are marked. This allows you to completely automate the entire logistics chain. If the product label is barcode-coded, the product must be discontinued and the barcode must be read. RFID transponders can be read automatically.

For example, it is already known to use RFID transponders for monitoring the cold chain.

Nowadays, most deliveries of goods are still delivered via pallets. The RFID transponders are located z. B. on the pallet.

It is desirable to provide charging points such as loading docks with RFID antennas, so that the passing of an RFID transponder is automatically detected by a loading point. As a result, it can be detected at which loading point at which time which RFID transponder was received or left. This can be used, for example, to identify the trucks and the delivery. You can also use this information to automatically post the goods receipt.

A comprehensive presentation of RFID applications in logistics and the techniques used for this can be found in Lenzbauer, S. - RFID Applications in Logistics, Diploma Thesis at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Series of the Institute for Transport Economics and Logistics, No. 2, (2007 LOG), published in 2007 online via ePub, http: //epub.wu-wien .ac.at attached here as part of the disclosure.

At loading points or at other building accesses where goods receipt or exit takes place, the building access devices such as doors, gates or loading docks are often subject to harsh operating conditions. For example, transport vehicles such as trucks travel into contact with the building and with the building access device. When transporting goods or goods through the gates or door opening or the loading point often transport vehicles or goods to borders, such as frames, door leaves or door leaves, to. The passageways must be designed for high loads; For example, fully loaded industrial trucks should be able to drive over the transit routes. Goods are also often transported on pallets, which are sometimes tons.

It is therefore desirable that such building access devices are very robust. Therefore, the doors or gates or the routes of loading docks, especially loading bridges or loading ramps, often made of metal, such as steel or steel plates formed.

On the other hand, the most accurate possible detection of goods or goods marked with RFID markers or RFID labels should take place at such a goods receipt or issue. Therefore, in the field of such building access devices consuming RFID transmitting or receiving devices are installed, which must be protected against the harsh operating conditions and in particular must be protected against shocks. With regard to the detection of RFID tags, the previous RFID transmitter or receiver arrangements are not optimal. In particular, there are problems in capturing metallic goods, transport containers with liquid materials which shield RFID signals, and goods transported in lattice boxes. The detection of such goods also causes problems when an RFID tag is attached to a pallet for transporting such goods.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an RFID detection in the area of goods receipts and goods issues in better reception quality, with additional protection measures to protect RFID transmitting or receiving devices against the harsh operating conditions in Area of such goods receipts and exits are as avoidable as possible.

This object is achieved by a building access device according to claim 1.

A device for forming a part of such a building access device is the subject of the independent claim.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention provides a building access device for creating a passageway for the introduction or removal of goods or goods in or from a building, wherein the building access device is designed as a door, as a gate or as a loading dock and has a metal area facing the passageway, the metal area the side facing away from the passageway is provided with an RFID transmitting or receiving device and with a signal passage region for passing RFID signals to or from the RFID transmitting or receiving device from or to the passageway.

The invention further provides an at least partially metal-formed component for forming a part of such a building access device, the building element comprising a loading bridge, a door element, a gate element, a frame, a door leaf, a door leaf or a door or gate element for forming a door bridge. or door threshold, wherein at least one metal portion of the device is provided for limiting or defining a passageway for goods, vehicles or goods, the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit on a side facing away from the passageway and a signal passage region for passing RFID signals through the metal region from the passageway to the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit and / or vice versa.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to the attachment of an RFID communication component in the lower region of a loading station or loading bridge.

This makes it easier to grasp straight pallets, since the pallets carry the goods and thus pass the loading bridge near the ground.

By attaching an RFID transmitting and / or receiving device to the floor area of a loading bridge, it is thus possible to reliably identify RFID-marked pallets even if these pallets carry metal products.

Another aspect of the invention relates to the attachment of the RFID antennas to the metal areas of a dock leveler.

Preferably, the RFID antenna is mounted on the side facing away from the goods, ie at the rear area. As a result, the RFID antennas are very well protected against external influences and the harsh operating conditions at such loading bridges.

For example, the RFID antenna is located below the metal plate of a bridge element of the loading bridge, over which the goods are moved for loading and unloading.

Preferably, an antenna for communication in an automatic goods monitoring system is located on a plateau of a loading bridge or a loading dock of a loading dock.

The element carrying the RFID antenna preferably has continuous metal-free regions, for example recesses, windows or the like, which may be formed as holes or may be closed with non-conductive materials.

Preferably, passage areas are formed for passing the signals from and to the RFID antenna.

In one exemplary embodiment, a lattice-like recess or a slot recess, which can be passed through the signals between the RFID transponder and the RFID antenna, is located in a loading bridge.

The invention relates in particular to the attachment of RFID antennas to loading bridges.

In a preferred embodiment, a Vorschubladebrücke or a Klappkeilladebrücke is provided with one or more antennas, which are mounted on the underside of the Vorschubladebrücke or a Klappkeilladebrücke.

As pass-through areas, preferably any individual slots and slot groups are provided in the plateau plate.

Antennas are preferably located below the platform plate in the region of the individual slots or slot groups.

The slot groups are located selectively and in the transverse direction or selectively and in the longitudinal direction.

Shielding devices can be provided between individual loading points in order to avoid faulty detection of RFID-marked goods which are loaded via adjacent loading bridges.

These shielding devices can be provided as swing gates with shielding devices, for example plastic swing gates with wire inserts or plastic strip curtains with overlapping and with wire inserts.

Previous solutions provide separate RFID antennas in the vicinity of the gate of the loading point.

These solutions had the problem that no RFID signal could be received if the RFID transponder was located to the bottom of the pallet.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the RFID signals can be received in this case by appropriate slots and arrangement of suitable antennas.

Advantages are in particular that few antennas are necessary and a simple assembly is possible.

However, the invention is not limited only to building access devices in the form of loading points or loading docks. RFID transmitting and receiving units can be introduced in particular in doors or gates, for example in door leaves or door leaves or in particular in Zargenrahmen or door sills or thresholds. These areas are often formed in particular for use on goods receipts or goods out of metals, such as preferably from steel sheets. Corresponding metal areas of such doors or gates or their components can also be provided with signal pass areas for RFID signals, so that RFID transmitting and / or receiving units behind the metal area, facing away from the passageway for goods or goods, and thus quite protected can.

Again, an attachment in a lower area for capturing RFID tags or tags from below is preferred.

The signal passage regions are preferably designed such that the metal region is broken only to the extent that a signal passage is enabled, but otherwise the metal region is still in front of the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit to protect against shocks or overrun by industrial trucks or to enable other goods transport facilities.

Particularly preferably, the signal passage region has a passage opening in the metal region whose largest inner width is smaller than half the wavelength of the RFID signals for which the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit is designed.

The at least one signal passage regions is preferably provided with slots that are relatively narrow and elongated. It has been shown that slits or slot arrangements with appropriately adapted to the wavelength of the RFID signals used dimensions pass well RFID signals, but still weaken the metal area only very slightly, so that z. B. a loading bridge is still suitable for driving over by heavily loaded forklift vehicles. Preferably, the slot length is shorter than half the wavelength used. As a result, the slot behaves according to the Huygens principle as a secondary radiator, which is characterized by a primary radiator such. B. an antenna behind the slot to stimulate radiation of RFID signals.

To protect against contamination, the openings or passages, in particular slots, can be filled with a signal transmitting material, in particular a non-conductive material, more particularly a plastic. For example, slots or the like may be filled by refraction with plastic so that the presence of the signal passage region is not noticeable.

The passage region may comprise a reinforcing element for mechanical reinforcement of the metal region. Preferably, a reinforcing element is applied on the side facing away from the access. Preferably, the reinforcing element is made of metal such as. As a metal plate listed and has corresponding openings and / or slots as the metal area.

The reinforcing element may be welded, glued or otherwise firmly connected to the metal region.

Preferably, a plurality of signal passage areas with corresponding transmitting and / or receiving units are provided over the width of a loading bridge, so that it is ensured that when passing over the loading bridge with an RFID-marked pallet or other goods marked with RFID, a secure RFID detection, especially from below, is possible.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1 a schematic representation of a loading point on a building, for example, for docking trucks or other transport vehicles, with a dock leveler;

2 another example of a usable at such a loading dock loading bridge;

3 a side perspective view of a loading point with gate and loading bridge, which is run over by an industrial truck with an RFID-labeled range;

4 a perspective top view of the loading bridge of 3 ;

5 a detailed view of the loading bridge of 4 ;

6 a representation of a slot combination at a loading bridge with three slots from below;

7 a perspective view of a Euro pallet with RFID identifier;

8th a schematic representation of a loaded pallet with RFID;

9 a schematic representation of a detection of a loaded pallet with a ground antenna;

10 to 14 different embodiments of slot arrangements in a schematic representation;

15 a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an antenna of an RFID transmitting and / or receiving device;

16 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of an antenna;

17 a schematic representation of a detection range of an arranged behind a metal region RFID antenna;

18 a schematic representation of a loading bridge from below with three antennas;

19 a schematic representation of an arrangement for finding a suitable position of the antenna;

20 a schematic representation of the receiving area of a arranged below a loading bridge antenna in the practical detection of pallets;

21 a perspective view of the arrangement of antenna and slot combination with an amplifying device;

22 a further embodiment of a building access device in the form of a gate;

23 a further embodiment of a building access device in the form of another gate;

24 a schematic representation of another embodiment of a building access device in the form of a door.

In 1 schematically is a building access device 1 to create a passage way 2 shown on the goods or goods in a building 3 can be introduced or can be applied. A driveway 5 the passageway 2 is through a metal area 4 the building access device 1 educated. On the passage way 2 opposite side of the metal area 4 are several RFID receiving and / or transmitting units 19 appropriate.

In the embodiments according to the 1 and 2 is the building access device 1 as a loading dock or dock 11 , in particular with a loading bridge 13 , educated.

In the embodiments according to the 22 and 23 is the building access device as a gate 200 . 300 educated.

In 24 is another embodiment of the building access device 1 in the form of a door 400 shown.

Common is an arrangement of the RFID receiving and / or transmitting unit 19 behind a metal area 4 so that the metal area 4 between the passageway 2 and the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit 19 is arranged and this protects accordingly.

This will be described in more detail below with reference to the embodiment of the building access device 1 as a loading dock 11 explains; the corresponding principles and arrangement options are readily transferable to the skilled person on doors and gates and their components.

In 1 is a loading point or loading point 10 for docking a transport vehicle, such as a truck, to a building 12 shown.

The loading point 10 can as a dock 11 be educated. The dock 11 can in the usual way with a loading bridge 11 , equipped with dock shelters and with a gate system.

The loading point 10 can in particular be designed as one of the charging points, as in the Company brochure "Novelties 2011 Verladetechnik" of the Hörmann KG sales company with the imprint "Status 12/2010 / Druck 12/2010 / HF 86211 DE / G.XX" shown and described, which was distributed among other things in February 2011 over the Internet. A copy of this booklet is attached to the registration and forms part of the local disclosure. Please refer to the attached brochure for more details on loading ramps and dock leveler loading points.

As can be seen from this brochure, the loading point 10 For example, with a Vorschubladebrücke 14 or a folding keel bridge 18 or a loading dock be provided.

Combinations are possible.

Such a loading station, as is known from the company brochure, is provided with RFID technology according to the solution proposed here, as described below with reference to the sketches in FIG 1 and 2 is explained in more detail.

This in 1 illustrated embodiment of the loading point 10 is additionally provided with RFID technology for detecting goods marked with RFID chips or RFID tags or other RFID transponders or transport containers or transport devices.

This is at a lower area of the loading point 10 at least one RFID receiving and / or transmitting unit 19 , in particular an RFID antenna 20 intended. Preferably, several antennas 20 intended.

In the example of 1 are three RFID antennas 20 below a sheet 22 a Vorschubladebrücke 14 intended.

The sheet 22 is in the range of the respective RFID antenna 20 with a signal passage area 24 provided by which RFID signals can pass.

For example, the signal passing area 24 individual slots 26 or slot groups 28 on. Other embodiments have non-metal areas, for example made of plastic or ceramic or the like. For example, the slots could 26 . 28 also be filled with a dielectric or be provided with a signal-transparent plastic cap.

Preferably, individual slots and slot groups 26 . 28 in an area of a plateau 30 the loading point 10 intended. This plateau area can be the forklift bridge 14 or the in 2 indicated flap-scroll bridge 18 and / or a ramp (not shown) - for example stationary.

Is the plateau area 30 formed of metal, is preferably a signal passage region 24 for passing RFID signals to the side of the plateau remote from the goods 30 intended.

How out 1 can be seen, the loading point 10 also with a detection device 32 be provided for detecting a transport vehicle.

For example, the detection device 32 a presence detector.

The presence detector can be a radar movement detector 34 be or include such.

The detection device 32 is connected to a control device not shown. If a transport vehicle is reported, then the RFID antennas or other RFID receiving transmission technology - in particular RFID reader - activate.

The actual RFID technology with antennas, chips, transponders, computers, software, etc. can be executed as described in the different examples at Lenzbauer, S. - RFID applications in logistics, see the attached diploma thesis. These statements form part of the local revelation.

In the embodiments of the dock according to the invention 11 or the loading point 10 can be a shielding device 36 be provided to the loading point 10 to shield against adjacent loading points (not shown), so as to avoid erroneous reception of RFID tags passing through adjacent loading points.

In a first embodiment, the shielding device 36 a plastic door 38 with wire inserts for shielding up.

In a second embodiment, the shielding device 36 a plastic curtain 40 on, z. B. a strip curtain with individual strips which overlap to a certain extent and which are provided with a wire insert for shielding.

Preferably, the shielding device 36 designed to be flexible to avoid damage by and on the transport vehicle. It could also metal mesh or metal gates or other shields are made of conductive material.

By means of the shown arrangement of RFID antennas 20 the RFID signal can be located underneath a metallic plateau 30 the loading point 10 , for example below the plateau 30 a loading bridge 18 . 14 receive.

In this way, in particular RFID signals can be received, where the RFID transponder is arranged on an underside of goods pallets.

In 3 is a practical embodiment of a loading point 100 as a further embodiment of the building access device 1 with a loading bridge 102 and a goal 104 to complete the loading point 100 shown. The loading bridge 102 is made of metal and forms the metal area 4 containing the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit 19 protects.

In 3 is shown that the loading bridge 102 to make the driveway 5 for an industrial truck 106 , here in the form of a forklift, is formed, which in particular for the transport of pallets 108 serves. The pallet 108 is an example of a charge carrier 110 , which is marked with RFID and in particular carries a transponder, as will be explained later.

The aim of RFID detection is by means of RFID pallets or boxes and generally load carriers 110 when crossing the loading bridge 102 capture. Accordingly, a forklift is with the pallet 108 on the loading bridge 102 in front of a loading gate 104 shown.

The loading bridge 102 is with signal pass ranges 112 Mistake.

In particular, the loading bridge 102 like this in 4 is shown with slots 114 provided by the under the loading bridge 102 mounted antennas (in 4 not shown).

As this is closer in 5 is shown, the multiple slot arrangements 116 each with several slots 114 at the loading bridge 102 in detail, the slots are 114 covered by plastic inserts to prevent dust, dirt or water from leaking through the bridge during operation.

In 5 an oval marks three slots 114 through which exactly one antenna can radiate. Overall, in 5 three slot combinations or slot arrangements 116 to see.

6 shows the slots 114 from the bottom 120 the loading bridge 102 seen from.

The slots 114 are by at least one reinforcing element 121 strengthened. In particular, a metallic reinforcing element provided with corresponding slots is provided 121 in the area of each slot arrangement 116 at the the driveway 5 opposite side of the metal area 4 attached.

At the in 6 illustrated embodiment, the slots 114 through welded substrates in gates of metal plate reinforcements 121 reinforced, even at high point load on the dock leveler 102 to prevent tearing.

Below the slots 114 is on a mounting arrangement 122 with distance to the slots 114 an antenna 124 the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit 19 attached.

In the in 6 illustrated embodiment, the loading bridge 102 on their bottom 120 several reinforcing ribs 126 in the form of T-profiles 128 on. On the undersides of these T-profiles is a sheet (eg aluminum sheet) for supporting the antenna 124 (For example, a patch antenna) is provided.

The T-profiles 128 form longitudinal beams 130 the loading bridge 102 , An aluminum sheet is left and right on side rails 130 the loading bridge 102 bolted to the mounting arrangement 122 to build.

6 thus shows a view of a slot arrangement 116 with three slots 114 from underneath. On the mounting arrangement 122 sits a UHF RFID antenna 124 pointing up at the slits 114 shine.

7 shows the pallet 108 in the form of a wooden pallet in euro format. On a pallet side member 132 is a transponder 140 unscrewed, an identification of the pallet 108 enabled by RFID.

Accordingly, shows 7 a wooden pallet in Euroformat with a screwed on transponder 140 ,

With the in the 3 and 4 illustrated loading bridge can be an RFID detection of charge carriers 110 reach from below.

A schematic representation of such RFID detection from below is in 8th shown.

8th shows a metallic bottom plate 142 with signal passage area 19 and below mounted antenna 124 , In particular, here is the charge bridge 102 shown schematically.

In 8th is still a conventional conventional UHF antenna gate 144 represented by a left-hand carrier 146 , a right bearer 148 and a top cross member 150 consists. At the cross member 150 is an antenna 152 arranged on both sides 146 . 148 are each two antennas 152 arranged. The triangles shown schematically are those of the antennas 152 of the antenna gate 144 represent emitted electromagnetic waves.

The UHF antenna gate 144 stands on the bottom plate 142 in particular to the loading bridge 102 belongs.

Next is the palette 108 with the transponder 140 and with goods 154 presented on it.

In the example shown, the palette 108 with goods 154 loaded, which are formed of metal or which contain liquids; it is also conceivable that the goods 154 could be stored in a metal grid box (not shown) which is used very frequently.

Such a product 154 can not be penetrated by the UHF waves, so usually a detection of the transponder 140 neither through the antenna 152 on the upper cross member 150 of the antenna gate 144 , nor through the at the sides of the antenna gate 144 attached antennas 152 is possible.

Free access is only from below, ie through the slot combinations or slot arrangements 116 , in the bottom plate 142 possible.

In 8th is also good to see that the side antennas of the antenna gate 144 and the carriers 146 . 148 . 150 of the antenna gate 144 even the goods traffic of the industrial trucks 106 can obstruct while the ground antenna 124 passing through the slot combinations or slot arrangements 116 radiates, is completely submerged in the ground. Consequently, there is no damage to the ground antenna 124 possible.

In 9 is the practical capture of a palette 108 with a ground antenna 124 to see. It is the industrial truck 106 with the goods 154 , For example, beverage cans, loaded pallet 108 to see, with the transponder 140 the pallet 108 despite the loading of the metallic goods 154 slightly from the bottom through the bottom plate 142 through the ground antenna 124 is possible.

9 thus shows the detection of a loaded pallet 108 with RFID over a ground-antenna slot combination. The transponder 140 is in the palette 108 accommodated.

You can clearly see that the track 5 is completely free of antenna structures for the driver.

The following are various possible embodiments of slot arrangements 116 or slot combinations based on the representations in the 10 to 14 explained in more detail.

All illustrated slot combinations have one or more individual slots 114 on.

In empirical experiments it has been determined that at the RFID wavelengths used in Europe, slots with a width of 6 mm and a length of 140 mm are ideal. In general, slots are z. B. provided with a width b of about 1 mm to 20 mm and a length between about 10 mm and about 500 mm.

Has a slot arrangement 116 more than one slot 114 on, so preferably a predetermined distance d is provided. In particular, between the slots 114 a footbridge 160 provided with a distance d corresponding web width.

In empirical experiments, a web width of about 20 mm has proven to be ideal. Again, deviations are possible depending on the material of the metal region, in particular metal material and material thickness, and are selected according to the wavelength used.

Optimum dimensions of the slots 114 and the slot spacing d can be determined by a few empirical experiments.

10 shows a first possible slot arrangement 116 with a slot 114 , It becomes a slot combination of a single slot 114 educated. The slot width is preferably 6 mm, the slot length preferably 140 mm.

11 shows a second embodiment of a slot arrangement 116 with two slots 114 , The two slots 114 are aligned parallel to each other with a bridge between them 160 formed with the web width d. Preferably, the slot width is about 6 mm and the slot length is about 140 mm, and the slot spacing is about 20 mm. Thus, a slot combination with two slots is formed.

12 shows a slot combination with three slots.

Preferably, the three slots 114 the in 12 slot arrangement shown 116 arranged parallel and aligned with each other, with two of the webs 160 , each also with the length of about 140 mm and the width of about 20 mm are formed. The dimensions of the slots 114 are preferably again about 6 mm slot width and about 140 mm slot length.

13 shows a corresponding slot arrangement with four slots 114 ; and 14 shows a corresponding slot arrangement 116 with five slots 114 , Bridge width, slot width, slot length and alignment and parallel arrangement are similar to the other slot arrangements 116 intended.

The in the 10 to 14 illustrated slot combinations and slot arrangements 116 differ with respect to the width and the height of the detection area. Empirical experiments have shown that slot combinations with an odd number of slots appear to work better than those with an even number.

Therefore, a slot arrangement 116 with an odd number of slots 114 prefers.

Most preferred is a slot arrangement 116 with three slots. The combination of three slots 114 represents a good compromise between the demand for the lowest possible mechanical weakening of the bottom plate 142 and a minimum number of antennas 124 represents.

15 and 16 show two possible embodiments of as floor antennas 124 usable antennas. The antennas shown are available on the market and in principle already known. 15 shows a patch antenna 162 , and 16 shows a dipole antenna 164 ,

The patch antenna 162 is, for example, a UHF patch antenna that radiates circularly polarized. The opening angle can be approx. 100 °, circularly polarized. The size can z. B. 170 × 170 mm, in general, the size is about λ / 2 × λ / 2, where λ is the wavelength of the RFID signals used. The power can be for example about 2.0 watts. A connection is z. B. via an SMA socket possible. Such antennas are available in protection class IP 65 in the market.

In the 16 in particular has a size of λ / 2, for example, the size is about 170 mm. Again, a power of 2.0 watts may be given. As a connection, for example, an N-socket is possible.

In particular, the dipole antenna is a λ / 2 dipole that radiates linearly polarized.

The detection range of an antenna 124 is described below with reference to the schematic representation in 17 explained in more detail. In 17 is the bottom plate 142 with the signal passing area 112 and the antenna 124 along with the coverage area 166 the antenna shown. The coverage area 126 has a height h and a width b.

Depending on the antenna used 124 can be the height h and width b of the detection area 166 to adjust. When using antennas 124 that produce a very directional antenna field, such. B. the patch antennas 162 , is the reachable width b of the detection area 166 less than with dipole antennas 164 ,

Is the detection area 166 very broad, then can be with a few antennas 124 a loading bridge 102 completely cover. The height h of the detection area 166 determines the distance that a pallet 108 with transponder 140 during transport over the loading bridge 102 should have at most to be safe with the RFID antenna 124 to be recorded.

Empirical experiments have shown that for complete field coverage of a dock leveler 102 with a width of approx. 200 cm, approx. three slit combinations each with three individual slits 114 , each slot combination with one antenna each 124 equipped, suffice.

18 shows the arrangement of the three antennas 124 in a view on the loading bridge 102 from underneath. It is a first antenna 124a , a second antenna 124b and a third antenna 124c shown. To each of the antennas 124a . 124b . 124c heard a slot arrangement 116 that is above the antenna 124 is arranged. 18 shows accordingly the view under the loading bridge 102 with three antennas 124a . 124b . 124c ,

The following is an antenna tuning based on the illustration in 19 explained in more detail. 19 shows the slot arrangement 116 with reinforcing element 121 , Next is the mounting arrangement 122 in the presentation of 19 with an adjustable fastening device 168 provided so that the location of the antenna 124 is adjustable in at least two directions. The adjustable fastening device 168 has one displacement unit 170 on. The antenna here is a dipole antenna 164 used, the slot arrangement 116 has three individual slots 114 on.

Generally, the antenna becomes 124 under the respective slot arrangement 116 powered by a connection cable from an RFID control unit. Preferably, the antenna becomes 124 fed via a coaxial cable from a UHF reader as a control unit.

For optimum power transfer between antenna 124 and control unit, the output impedance of the RFID control unit should be based on the impedance of the cable and the impedance of the cable to the input impedance of the antenna 124 be matched.

In empirical experiments, it can be observed that the metal slot combination or slot arrangement 116 on the impedance of the antenna 124 can react. In other words, the antenna impedance may change compared to the impedance of a same antenna that is freely mounted. For this reason, it may be advantageous to perform impedance matching between the cable and the antenna with an adapter. Such adapters are common in UHF technology.

An alignment of all components is preferably carried out according to the method explained below:
Step 1: slidable mounting of the antenna 124 under the slot arrangement 116 ;
Step 2: Move the antenna vertically to the slot arrangement 116 (Changing the vertical distance to the slot combination) and moving the antenna horizontally to the slot arrangement 116 to the mounting point with the best detection range 166 to find;
Step 3: Check by means of an impedance measuring device, whether the adapter adjusts the impedance of the antenna to the impedance of the cable.

The following is based on the 20 the exploitation of the Huygens principle explained.

In 20 is the practical capture of the palette 108 with RFID when using a slot combination - for example, the slot arrangement 116 - to see. 20 shows the bottom plate 142 with the signal passing area 112 that has several slots 114 and the antenna 124 below the signal passage area 112 , In addition, the detection area 171 the antenna 124 below the bottom plate 142 as well as the coverage area 166 the antenna above the bottom plate 142 shown. It is the capture of the pallet 108 with goods 154 by means of the transponder 140 shown.

The individual slots 114 the slot combinations 116 are designed so that they can take over the function of a secondary radiator. That of the primary radiator, this is especially the antenna 124 below the slot combination 116 , emitted electromagnetic waves 172 meet the narrow enough slits compared to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave 114 on. Each slot then behaves like a transmitter that can deliver its own waves. This is done according to Huygens's principle. In general, Huygens' principle is, for example, in Gerthsen, Kneser, Vogel: "Physics", Springer Verlag; Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; 13th edition, 1977 , shown in more detail.

If one wanted to forego this positive effect, the electromagnetic waves would have to be made available in other ways. The bottom plate 142 would have to be opened by a very long slot, which should allow an unobstructed passage of the radiated directly from the ground antenna waves. That would be the bottom plate 142 mechanically very weakened and the antenna 124 would have to be correspondingly complex protected to a collapse of the industrial trucks 108 to prevent.

For the RFID frequencies used in Europe were slotted 114 In very thick metal plates in the UHF range, a length of approx. 140 mm and a width of approx. 6 mm has been determined to be optimal.

From the physics one knows according to the Huygens'sche principle: "If a plane wave hits a screen, in which an opening is, whose diameter is small compared to the wavelength, so spreads behind the screen around the opening as center a spherical wave out."

However, in explaining Huygens' principle, the opening is always made in infinitely thin materials; when used in floor slabs 142 from loading bridges 102 or the like, plate thicknesses of 8 mm or more are possible. The welded for stability reasons reinforcing elements 121 are z. B. 10 mm thick, so that a total of a gap in a 18 mm thick material is used.

As a rule of thumb for the slot length can therefore be used: l = a · λ / 2, where l is the slot length, a is a cutoff factor and λ is the wavelength of the RFID signals. Particularly suitable values for the reduction factor are: 0.5 <a <1.

The slot width should be as small as possible.

The antenna 124 as a primary radiator below the slot combination can be circularly polarized, z. B. as in the patch antenna 162 , or linearly polarized, e.g. B. as in the dipole antenna 164 , be. Regardless, the slots work 114 like polarization filter. This means that the slot combination radiates as a secondary radiator regardless of the excitation with linear polarization.

Will a dipole antenna 164 used, it is preferably substantially transverse to the length of the slots 114 arranged.

The 21 shows a corresponding dipole in front of a slot arrangement 116 with the welded-on reinforcements (eg reinforcing element 121 ).

22 shows as another embodiment of the building access device 1 a gate 200 which is a gate leaf 202 and a frame 204 having. The gate leaf 202 serves to open and close one through the frame 204 edged gate opening 206 through which the driveway 5 leads.

The frame 204 has two side frame spars 208 . 210 as well as an upper frame spar 212 on. Next, the gate points 200 a threshold element 214 on.

The components 204 . 202 . 214 of the gate 200 are in the the driveway 5 facing areas made of metal. In at least one of these metal regions is at least one of the signal passage regions 112 . 24 formed, being behind this metal area 4 the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit 19 is trained. In particular, the individual Zargenholme 208 . 210 . 212 with signal passage areas and antennas arranged behind 124 Mistake. The frame 204 thus acts as an antenna gate itself 144 However, without having to provide additional carrier, the antennas protected behind the metal areas 4 of the gate 200 are provided.

In 23 is another goal 300 as a further embodiment of the building access device 1 shown in the form of a roll-up door, wherein the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit 19 on a closing edge element 304 of the door curtain 302 is housed and through an outer metal area 4 is protected. Again, the metal area 4 with the signal passing area 112 . 24 Mistake.

24 shows a door 400 as a further embodiment of the building access device 1 with door leaf 402 and door frame 404 , The door leaf 402 and the door frame 404 are with metal areas 4 with signal passage area 24 and transmitting and / or receiving unit 19 Mistake.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Building access device

2

passageway

3

building

4

metal sector

5

roadway

10

loading dock

11

dock

12

building

13

leveler

14

Feed loading bridge

18

Hinged lip dock leveler

19

RFID receiving and / or transmitting unit

20

RFID antenna

22

sheet

24

Signal passband

26

individual slots

28

slot group

30

plateau

31a

surface

31b

bottom

32

detection device

34

radar motion

36

shielding

38

Kunststofftor

40

Plastic curtain

100

Loading Station

102

leveler

104

gate

106

Industrial truck

108

pallets

110

charge carrier

112

Signal passband

114

slot

116

slot arrangement

118

Plastic inserts

120

bottom

121

reinforcing element

121

Metal plate reinforcement

122

mounting assembly

124

antenna

124a

first antenna

124b

second antenna

124c

third antenna

126

reinforcing rib

128

T profile

130

longitudinal beams

132

Pallets stringers

140

transponder

142

baseplate

144

antenna gate

146

left carrier

148

right bearer

150

crossbeam

152

antenna

154

Were

160

web

162

patch antenna

164

dipole antenna

166

detection range

168

adjustable fastening device

170

displacement unit

171

detection range

172

electromagnetic waves

200

gate

202

door leaf

204

frame

206

door opening

208

side frame member

210

side frame member

212

upper frame spar

214

threshold element

300

gate

302

Door curtain

304

Closing edge element

400

door

402

door leaf

404

door frame

d

slot pitch

H

Height of the detection area

B

Width of the detection area

l

slot length

b

slot width

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Lenzbauer, S. - RFID Applications in Logistics, Diploma Thesis at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, Series of the Institute for Transport Economics and Logistics, No. 2, (2007 LOG), published in 2007 online via ePub, http: //epub.wu-wien .ac.at [0009]
• Company brochure "Novelties 2011 Verladetechnik" of the Hörmann KG sales company with the imprint " Status 12/2010 / Druck 12/2010 / HF 86211 DE / G.XX" [0078]
• Gerthsen, Kneser, Vogel: "Physics", Springer Verlag; Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; 13th edition, 1977 [0159]

Claims (15)

Building access device ( 1 ), to create a passageway ( 2 ) for loading or unloading goods ( 154 ) or goods in or out of a building ( 3 ), the building access device ( 1 ) as a door ( 400 ), as a gate ( 300 . 200 ) or as a loading dock ( 11 ) is formed and a the passageway ( 2 ) metal area ( 4 ), wherein the metal region ( 4 ) on the side facing away from the passageway with an RFID transmitting or receiving device ( 19 ) and with a signal passband ( 24 . 112 ) for passing RFID signals to or from the RFID transmitting or receiving device ( 19 ) from or to the passageway ( 2 ) is provided. Building access device ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal region ( 4 ) as a floor or as part of a floor of the passageway ( 2 ) and in particular as a travel route ( 5 ) for vehicles ( 108 ), in particular industrial trucks, is formed. Building access device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building access device ( 1 ) as a loading dock ( 11 ) for docking a transport vehicle to a structure ( 3 ) with a plateau ( 30 ), over which goods ( 154 ) or goods from the transport vehicle via the loading dock ( 11 ) to the building ( 3 ) and / or vice versa of the building ( 3 ) are to be transported in the transport vehicle, the plateau ( 30 ) with the RFID receiving and / or transmitting unit ( 19 ) provided metal area ( 4 ) having. Building access device ( 1 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the plateau ( 30 ) a loading bridge ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 ) or loading ramp, which are formed at least partially of metal and with the RFID receiving and / or transmitting unit ( 19 ) are provided. Building access device ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the loading bridge ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 ) at least partially movable, in particular as Vorschubladebrücke ( 14 ) and / or as Klappkeilladebrücke ( 18 ) is executed. Building access device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal region ( 4 ) through a metal plate ( 142 ) and / or a metal sheet ( 22 ) is formed. Building access device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the signal passage region ( 24 . 112 ) at least one opening, an opening, a slot ( 114 ) and / or a slot arrangement ( 116 ) in the metal area ( 4 ) having. Building access device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one lateral shielding device ( 36 ) for shielding against signal transmissions from and to adjacent building access devices ( 1 ) is provided. Building access device ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the shielding device ( 36 ) has a flexible curtain made of or with a metal shield and / or a metal mesh, in particular a Kunststoffbehang with a wire shield having. At least partially formed metal component for forming a part of a building access device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the component is a loading bridge ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 ), a door element ( 402 . 404 ), a gate element ( 202 . 204 . 208 . 210 . 212 . 214 . 304 ), a frame ( 204 . 404 ), a door leaf ( 402 ), a door leaf ( 202 ) or a door or threshold element ( 214 ) for forming a door or gate threshold, wherein at least one metal area ( 4 ) of the component ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 . 142 . 202 . 204 . 208 . 210 . 212 . 214 . 304 . 402 . 404 ), for limiting or defining a passageway ( 2 ) for goods ( 154 ), Vehicles ( 108 ) or goods is provided, wherein an RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit ( 19 ) on a passageway ( 2 ) facing away from the Metellbereichs ( 4 ) and a signal passband ( 24 . 112 ) for passing RFID signals through the metal area ( 4 ) are provided from the passageway to the RFID transmitting and / or receiving unit and / or vice versa. Component ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 . 142 . 202 . 204 . 208 . 210 . 212 . 214 . 304 . 402 . 404 ), according to claim 10, characterized in that the signal passage region ( 24 . 112 ) at least one opening, an opening, a slot ( 26 . 114 ) or a slot arrangement ( 116 ) in the metal area ( 4 ) having. Component ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 . 142 . 202 . 204 . 208 . 210 . 212 . 214 . 304 . 402 . 404 ), according to claim 11, characterized in that the opening, the opening, the slot ( 26 . 114 ) or the slot arrangement ( 116 ) are sealed with an electrically non-conductive material. Component ( 13 . 14 . 18 . 102 . 142 . 202 . 204 . 208 . 210 . 212 . 214 . 304 . 402 . 404 ), according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the aperture, the opening, the slot or the slot arrangement have a width of about 1 to about 20 mm and a length of about 10 mm to about 500 mm. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it for driving over and / or for carrying industrial trucks ( 108 ) is designed for the purpose of goods or freight transport. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a metal plate as metal region, which on the side facing away from the passageway with protruding reinforcing ribs and / or a signal passage region ( 24 . 112 ) again reinforcing and / or stiffening device element ( 121 ) is provided.

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