CN1579035A

CN1579035A - Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems

Info

Publication number: CN1579035A
Application number: CN00813016.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 约瑟夫·夏皮雷
Original assignee: Celletra Ltd
Current assignee: Celletra Ltd
Priority date: 1999-07-21
Filing date: 2000-07-21
Publication date: 2005-02-09
Also published as: AU6010000A; WO2001006595A3; WO2001006595A2; EP1203421A2; US20030073463A1; US6900775B2

Abstract

Various antenna arrangements are provided with active transmit and receive antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals within a cellular communication system. Also presented are specific base station antenna systems and methods, and portions thereof, which improve and control specific characteristics and features of antenna systems including antenna beam patterns. In addition, a method for the optimization of a cellular communications network is provided which exploits reverse-link, forward-link, and pilot signal information to optimize network operations.

Description

Be used for the configuration and the control of the communication satellite of cellular communication system

The announcement of this patent document comprises material protected by copyright.This copyright holder does not oppose that anyone duplicates this patent document or patent is announced, because it is published in United States Patent (USP) trade mark things institute's patent document or the record, yet in any case is but keeping all copyrights aspect other.

Present patent application relate to be entitled as " scalable cellular communications system ", with the name of JosephShapira and the Gideon Argaman published content in the U.S. Patent application of application (proxy records No.259817/81746) on the same day therewith.

This patent application is the U.S. Patent application No.09/171 of the unexamined such as common of 1998.10.30 application, 986 part continuation application, it is the domestic stage of the international patent application No.PCT/IL98/00104 of 1998.3.3 application, its requires the Israel patent application No.120364 of (so this patent application also requires) 1997.3.3 application, 121201 right of 120706 and the 1997.6.30 application of 1997.4.20 application.

This patent application also is the part continuation application of pct international patent application No.PCT/IL98/00103 of the unexamined such as common of 1998.3.3 application, its requires the Israel patent application No.120364 of (so this patent application also requires) 1997.3.3 application, 121201 right of 120706 and the 1997.6.30 application of 1997.4.20 application.

The content of each above mentioned patent application therefore at this in full as a reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to world of cellular telecommunications.The invention particularly relates to a kind of communication satellite device that is used for cellular communication system.

Background technology

Current cellular communication system is subjected to user's request more and more widely.The active user needs more services and good quality and power system capacity just is being pulled to the limit more.Therefore, the challenge that faces provides and can increase the feasible and practical plan that power system capacity realizes the higher grade of service simultaneously.

Typically, to each geographic cell, cellular communication system is used the base station (BS) with omnidirectional antenna provides the signal that spreads all over whole sub-district to cover.A kind of mode that increases message capacity is that additional BS is divided into a plurality of littler sub-districts (being cell division) with this geographic cell by deployment in this sub-district, increases the reusable frequency number of this system thus.Yet this cell division has the cost restriction and environment hinders, because the antenna assembly that conventional BS equipment comprises is very expensive, and constant volume is too huge and not attractive in appearance for popular public's standard.

Improving power system capacity and keeping a kind of possibility of service quality is to be that sector (that is sectorization) and the BS antenna of disposing radiation high directivity narrow beam figure cover designated sector by the angular divisions geographic area.This directional antenna beam figure is very narrow on orientation and elevation plane, and relies on their directive gain, can make travelling carriage (MS) at farther distance and base station communication.In addition, because the interference from neighbor cell is not allowed to be subject in the sub-district of sectorization, so power system capacity is increased.

The narrow beam that is used to given overlay area to form beam pattern is optimized for the performance of improving wireless network.Its dreamboat provides low every station cost of superior service quality (for example not having call drop), enhancing capacity, big overlay area realizing and to long battery seeervice cycle of MS.Optimize antenna assembly several different methods is arranged.For example, the wireless system engineer once utilized about propagating the BS design rule of covering so that " balance link " based on RF.This scheme relates to control and is used to BS antenna gain and the antenna height, BS transmit power levels and the BS receiving sensitivity parameter that send and receive.The purpose of selecting these different parameters is to provide and BS-MS link (that is forward link) covering much at one for MS-BS link (that is reverse link).

Also need further to reduce deployment and running cost and better covering/capacity is provided at lower cost.Therefore, managed to introduce new technology, CDMA technology for example, this technology can work in and relate in the environment that disturbs in the high system, and can provide extra high capacity with low transmit power levels.Network that these new environment and specification requirement are more complicated and design and interference suppress strategy.

Similarly, according to the problem of pointing out above, need the system that improves antenna system and device and be used for the control antenna beam pattern.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides and be used to improve wireless communication system.The antenna assembly of cellular radio Communication system can be improved in some aspect of the present invention.This improvement is included in the customized configuration that is used for cellular application active dual-mode antenna unit is provided.

The present invention provides specific base stations antenna system and method on the other hand, and wherein a part of, and the characteristic and the feature of their improvement and control antenna system comprise transmitting and receiving beam shaping polarization diversity processing, directional antenna controller or the like.

In addition, provide a kind of method that is used to optimize cellular communications networks, this method utilizes reverse link, forward link and pilot information to optimize the network operation.

Description of drawings

In detailed description subsequently, further describe above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage with reference to the accompanying drawings by non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the present invention, wherein similarly aid mark is represented like of the present invention in the whole accompanying drawing, wherein:

Figure 1A has described high level (high level) figure of first kind of antenna assembly;

Figure 1B and 1C show beam pattern;

Fig. 2 A and 2B show the different antennae device unit;

Fig. 3 A shows a kind of active radiator unit;

Fig. 3 B and 3C have described other antenna assembly;

Fig. 4 has described the higher-level system figure of a kind of antenna assembly and transformation matrix;

Fig. 5 A has illustrated to form the high-level diagram of the BS antenna system of compound wave beam;

Fig. 5 B has illustrated a kind of high-level diagram of compound wave beam of formation;

Fig. 6 A has illustrated the high-level diagram of receiving unit of BS antenna system;

Fig. 6 B has illustrated the high-level diagram of radiating portion of BS antenna system;

Fig. 7 A has illustrated the high-level diagram of receiving unit of BS antenna system;

Fig. 7 B has illustrated the high-level diagram of radiating portion of BS antenna system;

Fig. 8 has described the high-level diagram of BS antenna system;

Fig. 9 A has illustrated the high-level diagram of receiving unit of BS antenna system;

Fig. 9 B has illustrated the high-level diagram of radiating portion of BS antenna system;

Figure 10 A has illustrated the high-level diagram of receiving unit of BS antenna system;

Figure 10 B has illustrated the high-level diagram of radiating portion of BS antenna system;

Figure 11 A has described the high-level diagram of the radiating portion of BS antenna system;

Figure 11 B has described the high-level diagram of the radiating portion of BS antenna system;

Figure 12 A has described the high-level diagram of the multicarrier receiving unit of BS antenna system;

Figure 12 B has described the high-level diagram of the multicarrier receiving unit of BS antenna system;

Figure 13 has illustrated many antennas to manage the high-level diagram of the receiving unit of BS system;

Figure 14 has illustrated many antennas to manage the high-level diagram of the receiving unit of BS system;

Figure 15 A is the functional-block diagram of directional transmitting antenna subsystem;

Figure 15 B is the functional-block diagram of directional transmitting antenna subsystem;

Figure 15 C is the functional-block diagram of a kind of exemplary BS system;

Figure 15 D is the functional-block diagram of another kind of exemplary BS system;

Figure 16 has described the figure of stack sub-district and soft handover area;

Figure 17 A is the graph of relation of BTS received power and load;

Figure 17 B is the flow chart of optimizing process; And

Figure 18 has be shaped a multi-antenna arrangement figure of control and public reception and/or transmitting RF signal of coordinates beam for a kind of.

Specific implementation

Figure 1A has described a kind of BS antenna array 100 of routine, and it is arranged as 8 * 1 (row).This antenna assembly comprises all emissions or all reception antenna unit.This antenna assembly can be on the elevation angle or azimuth plane radiation high directivity beam pattern.A public feed of interconnection these antenna unit makes the input of antenna array 100 more convenient.

Figure 1B, 1C have illustrated a kind of column antenna array, and for example antenna array 100, the different perspective views of representative radiation beam figure.Figure 1B has described the radiation beam figure on azimuth plane, and Fig. 1 C has described the radiation diagram on the face of the elevation angle.Can find out that from Fig. 1 C beam pattern directivity on the face of the elevation angle is very strong.

Fig. 2 A has illustrated to be used for a kind of communication satellite configuration of BS.Shown in Fig. 2 A, antenna array 200 comprises with 2 active transmitting antenna unit 205A, 205B of single vertical (column) battle array arrangement and the combination of 2 Active Receiving Antenna unit 210A, 210B.These 2 active transmitting antenna unit 205A, 205B and this 2 Active Receiving Antenna unit 210A, 210B are preferably the printed element radiator, have the sealing of multi-layer configuration and epoxy glass fiber radome.

By in single array in conjunction with active transmission antenna unit 205A, 205B and Active Receiving Antenna unit 210A, 210B, BS can realize honeycomb operation all transmit and receive function and need not independent transmission shown in Figure 1 and receiving antenna array simultaneously.For this reason, antenna array 200 can be realized all BS functions with streamlined and compact design.

Apart transmission antenna unit 205A, 205B and reception antenna unit 210A, 210B in this array have also avoided the Intermodulation Interference that caused by the high power transmission signal at receiving unit, with regard to conventional assembled unit system this situation are discussed in the above.The flexibility that apart also provides BS to transmit and receive prioritization scheme, for example, independently gain controlling and beam shaping, this is restricted in the assembled unit system.In addition, apart has also avoided the employing signal to differentiate hardware, and as duplexer and the compound filter that transmits and receives, these hardware are attempted to separate with the mode of poor efficiency and filtering signal separately with lossy relatively from the antenna element of sending out/receive of combination.This apart also cause receiving and transmit between line bonus from.

Fig. 2 A has further illustrated in vertical arrangement, antenna element disposes with interlace mode so that be first reception antenna unit 210A after first transmission antenna unit 205A, and second transmission antenna unit 205B is second reception antenna unit 210B afterwards.Transmission antenna unit 205A, 205B made with reception antenna unit 210A, 210B interweaving in this array can set up best vertical separation distance S.Best vertical separation distance S is the vertical range between the similar antenna element, and to a given frequency, this distance makes the main lobe gain maximum of signal make the effect minimum of time lobe simultaneously.Best vertical separation distance S is variable.For example, at PCS, S can be from 0.70 λ～0.95 λ.

In addition, in this antenna array, dispose transmission antenna unit 205A, 205B and reception antenna unit 210A, 210B to produce polarized radiation figure.Those of ordinary skill in the art will be readily appreciated that, will cause along the gain of the radiation diagram on this assigned direction maximum at an assigned direction polarized radiation figure.Since antenna perpendicular polarization in the permanent MS (that is, the rigid line equipment on the automobile) that installs, therefore, concerning the directional diagram of BS transmission antenna unit 205A, 205B radiation, the optimal perpendicular polarization that is polarized to.

Consider for multipath, add that the transmitting power of MS is relatively low, each reception antenna unit 210A, 210B comprise the antenna element of pair of orthogonal polarization, therefore possess reception polarization diversity.Polarization diversity typically requires two antenna element orthogonal polarizations.The efficient that receives polarization diversity depends on the similitude of the radiation diagram that these two antenna elements receive and the consistency of the average signal level that these unit receive.For example, the transmitting antenna linear polarization of hand-held MS, and should polarize according to the position random distribution of MS.Similarly, antenna array 200 comprises the polarized state (that is ° linear polarization, ± 45) that two reverse linears tilt and utilizes these polarized states by disposing each reception antenna unit 210A, 210B.

It should be understood that the customized configuration that can revise antenna array 200 is to provide redundant or to strengthen attribute and the characteristic that antenna array disposes.For example, stacked (stacking) combination by antenna can enlarge antenna array 200 to realize the antenna element with 8 * 1,12 * 1 or 16 * 1 array configurations.

Therefore, Fig. 2 A has illustrated to be used for the single-row antenna array configuration that cellular communication has a kind of compactness that transmits and receives ability entirely.This configuration makes can independently transmit and receive gain controlling and beam shaping, minimizes the emission Intermodulation Interference and reception polarization diversity is provided.

Fig. 2 B has illustrated to be used for the another kind of communication satellite configuration of BS.Shown in Fig. 2 B, antenna array 250 comprises one with 2 active transmitting antenna unit 255A, 255B of single vertical (column) battle array arrangement and the combination of 2 Active Receiving Antenna unit 260A, 260B.According to top description with regard to first embodiment, utilize apart transmission antenna unit 255A, 255B and reception antenna unit 260A, 260B, antenna array 250 has realized that full BS transmits and receives function, has avoided the emission intermodulation influence to receiving unit simultaneously.Antenna array 250 is very similar to antenna array 200, the flexibility that BS is transmitted and received separate gain control and beam shaping also is provided, and sets up optimal spacing apart from S between similar antenna element.

Antenna array 250 also provides other advantages, and it is configured to BS transmission antenna unit 255A, 255B and BS reception antenna unit 260A, 260B provide polarization diversity.As mentioned above, since the mode of hand-held MS work, the polarization random distribution of corresponding MS reception antenna.As shown in Figure 2, antenna array 250 comprises the polarized state (that is ° linear polarization, ± 45) that two reverse linears tilt and utilizes these polarized states by disposing each BS transmission antenna unit 255A, 255B and each reception antenna unit 260A, 260B.

It should be understood that the particular arrangement that to revise antenna array 250 providing redundant, or strengthen the attribute and the characteristic of antenna array configuration on the contrary.For example, by the extendible antenna array 250 of the stacked combination of array to realize antenna element with 8 * 1,12 * 1 or 16 * 1 gusts of configurations.Therefore, this antenna assembly provides and has been used for the single-row antenna array configuration that cellular communication has a kind of compactness that transmits and receives ability entirely.This configuration makes can independently transmit and receive gain controlling and beam shaping, minimizes the emission Intermodulation Interference and provide to transmit and receive polarization diversity.

Fig. 3 A has described the representative embodiment of a kind of active radiating element (ARU) 300, this describes in the patent application that is entitled as " scalable cellular communications system ", applies on the same day therewith, transfers the possession of jointly with the name of Dr.Joseph Shapira, at this as a reference.ARU300 comprises a modularization antenna equipment with transmission path and RX path.Transmission path comprises a power amplifier (PA) 302, itself and transmit band pass filter 304 electric coupling.Emission filter 304 is electrically coupled to transmitting antenna 306 again.Transmitting antenna 306 is configurable to be used for various operations, for example comprises that vertical or two inclined linear polarization are shown in top antenna array 200,250.Similarly, RX path comprises a reception antenna 316, and this antenna is electrically coupled to reception bandpass filter 314.Reception antenna 316 is also configurable to be used for various operations, for example comprises, vertical or two inclined linear polarization are shown in top antenna array 200,250.Reception bandpass filter 314 low noise amplifier (LNA) 312 that then is coupled.ARU300 can comprise that also supervision and control sub unit and power adjustments subelement are used to provide monitoring, management function and optimum performance.Similarly, ARU300 provides in the individual module unit thus and transmits and receives the path part.

Fig. 3 B has illustrated to arrange the antenna array 350 of disposing a plurality of ARU300 with 8 * 1 (columns).Two public feeds of all transmission antenna unit that interconnect respectively and all reception antenna unit are convenient to provide the input of antenna array 350.According to top description with regard to ARU300, but but transmitter unit perpendicular polarization and reception antenna unit linear tilt polarization (that is ° linear polarization, ± 45).Perhaps, have linear tilt polarization configurable antenna battle array 350 by configuration transmission antenna unit and reception antenna unit and have the polarization diversity of transmitting and receiving.

Fig. 3 C has illustrated to be used for the third communication satellite configuration of BS.Shown in Fig. 3 C, antenna array 375 comprises one with 16 active transmitting antenna unit 385A-385P of multiple row battle array arrangement and the combination of 16 Active Receiving Antenna unit 390A-390P.According to top description to other disclosed embodiment, arrive in this battle array by combined transmit antenna element 385A-385P and reception antenna unit 390A-390P, and by apart transmission antenna unit 385A-385P and reception antenna unit 390A-390P, antenna array 375 has realized that full BS transmits and receives function, has avoided the influence of emission inter-modulation to receiving unit simultaneously.Antenna array 375 also transmits and receives the flexibility that separate gain control and beam shaping are provided for BS.Because its unique two-dimensional arrangement, antenna array 375 be convenient to realize best between the similar antenna element and near best perpendicular separation apart from S and horizontal interval apart from S1.

Antenna array 375 can be coupled to orientation (bear) forming circuit so that a plurality of narrow beam figure to be provided.Narrow beam has more directivity than broad beam.This directivity comes from high-gain in a predetermined direction, and this makes distance increase and beam pattern is not subject to disturb.Therefore, the communication distance of MS that works under the equal-wattage restriction and BS is farther.

Because top with regard to other embodiment statement, but but the transmitter unit 385A-385P perpendicular polarization of antenna array 375 and reception antenna unit 390A-390P linear tilt polarization (that is ° linear polarization, ± 45).It should be noted, be similar to the configuration of pointing out previously, antenna array 375 can realize transmitting and receiving polarization diversity by configuration transmission antenna unit 385A-385P and the polarization of reception antenna unit 390A-390P linear tilt.

It should be understood that can revise specific 8 * 4 of antenna array 375 arranges so that redundancy to be provided, or customize the attribute and the characteristic of antenna array configuration on the contrary.For example, by the extendible antenna array 375 of stacked combination array to realize antenna element with 16 * 4 or 8 * 8 gusts of configurations.

Fig. 4 has illustrated the general implementation of BS antenna 400, and antenna 400 comprises the multiple row antenna assembly 410 of a coupling transform matrix 420.As shown in Figure 4, antenna assembly 410 and transformation matrix 420 configurations are used for emission or receive the BS operation.Transformation matrix 420 comprises that in its beam planes one side a plurality of beam ports then comprise a plurality of antenna ports in its antenna plane one side.Each array of many array antenna devices 410 is coupled to these beam ports by matrix 420.During 400 emissions of BS system, this configuration makes transformation matrix 420 to comprise signals such as relative amplitude and phase information from the reception of beam planes port.Based on this information, matrix 420 is to be suitable for the signal of these radiating antenna unit and to send these signals to all antenna ports with the beam planes conversion of signals.Antenna element in the array of these many arrays 410 is followed according to the signal of changing at narrow beam figure of different directions radiation.On the contrary, at BS system 400 reception periods, transformation matrix 420 is from antenna plane port received signal and convert them to the signal that is fit to processing.Similarly, shown system 400 forms a plurality of narrow beam figure, and they cross the different angles direction to one to dead axle.In this diagrammatic sketch, each beam port is relevant with one of them beam pattern.

Fig. 5 A has illustrated BS antenna system 500, and it comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 510 that is coupled to transformation matrix 520.Shown in Fig. 5 A, be coupled to an amplitude or gain adjustment unit 530 and a phase adjustment unit 540 at each beam port of beam planes one side of transformation matrix 520.Amplitude/gain and phase adjusted are convenient to so that the shape of the pattern of transmitting antenna shown in the control chart 5B in unit 530,540.

Fig. 5 B has illustrated by a BS system, the BS antenna system 500 shown in Fig. 5 A, a kind of exemplary complex beam pattern of radiation.Transformation matrix 520 provides signal to antenna port, and it makes antenna element can form 4 independent wave beams.Be exactly total the envelope compound wave beam shown in effect Fig. 5 B of these independent wave beams.As mentioned above, the shape of amplitude/gain adjustment unit 530 and phase adjustment unit 540 feasible energy control antenna beam patterns.The amplitude leyel that these independent wave beams (being beamlet) intersect is called cross level.The position of cross level depends in part on the optimal spacing distance of the antenna element that is comprised in the antenna array 510 at least.

Fig. 6 A has illustrated the receiving unit of BS antenna system 600, and it comprises a multiple row receiving antenna device 610 that is coupled to receiving conversion matrix 620.Each beam port in beam planes one side of receiving conversion matrix 620 is coupled to an amplitude/gain adjustment unit 630 and a phase adjustment unit 640.Similarly, Fig. 6 B has described the radiating portion of BS antenna system 650, and it comprises a multiple row transmission antenna device 660 that is coupled to emission transformation matrix 670.Each beam port in beam planes one side of launching transformation matrix 670 is coupled to an amplitude/gain adjustment unit 680 and a phase adjustment unit 690.

Fig. 7 A has described the receiving unit of BS antenna system 700, and it comprises a receiving conversion matrix 720 with coupling phase center ability.This ability makes transformation matrix can generate the beam pattern with same phase center.Similarly, outside transformation matrix 720, do not provide phase adjustment unit.Amplitude/gain-adjusted is to realize by the amplitude/gain adjustment unit 730 that is coupled to beam port.Similarly, Fig. 7 B has described a representative embodiment of the radiating portion of BS antenna system 750, and it comprises emission transformation matrix, amplitude/fader 780 and a splitter with coupling phase center.

The BS antenna system 800 of Fig. 8 signal comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 810 that is coupled to emission transformation matrix 820 and receiving conversion matrix 822,824 respectively.Multiple row antenna assembly 810 comprises one or more T-R antenna sets; Every group comprises two reception antenna unit and a transmission antenna unit.Device shown in the figure is used for realizing polarization diversity at the receiving unit of system 800.It should be noted, also can provide other antenna assembly, two emissions and two reception antenna unit are arranged, or a plurality of antenna element that transmits and receives, be used for all realizing diversity transmitting and receiving part as each dual-mode antenna group.It is relevant with the antenna port of corresponding corresponding emission matrix 820 and receiving matrix 822,824 that each of array in this array device 810 transmits and receives antenna element.Each polarized state of receiving unit is forwarded to the special-purpose transformation matrix 822,824 of himself, and each matrix has its oneself unique host to carry out amplitude/gain-adjusted.Similarly, can control each polarized state separately for each radiation beam figure.

Fig. 9 A has illustrated the receiving unit of BS antenna system 900, and it comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 910 that is coupled to receiving conversion matrix 920.These many array apparatus 910 comprise a delay cell 911 between two polarization diversity reception antenna unit of every row.This delay cell receives between the polarized state at two delay is provided.These two states are then utilized the amplitude/gain adjustment unit conversion of beam port one side by single receiving conversion matrix 920.Utilize the delay between the polarized state, this configuration makes BS can distinguish the Rx signal that receives by different polarization reception antennas, and need not to provide independently antenna port and Rx transformation matrix to difference polarization reception antenna unit.Fig. 9 B has illustrated the radiating portion of BS antenna system 950, and this is the launching simulation of system 900, and it comprises antenna assembly 960, delay element 965, emission transformation matrix 970 and a splitter.

Figure 10 A has illustrated the receiving unit of BS antenna system 1000, and it comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 1010 that is coupled to receiving conversion matrix 1020,1022.Every row of these many array apparatus 1010 comprise that the reception antenna unit of one group of polarization diversity is right, and the reception antenna unit of the independent polarization in every group is equipped with each

corresponding transformation matrix

1020,1022 of feed-in.Make up two groups of amplitudes/

gain reduction adjuster

1030,1032 at beam port, and correspondingly make up these beam port signals to form the received beam figure of two polarization.Postpone 1040 and be introduced into one of them polarization beam pattern, its result and other polarization beam pattern combination are to form single compound wave beam figure.This configuration provides under the multi-beam environment the additional degree of control to polarization diversity.It should be noted that generally the configuration that Fig. 9 A and 10A describe will generate different antenna diagrams.Yet these two kinds of configurations all can generate identical beam pattern through regulating.Figure 10 B has illustrated the radiating portion of BS antenna system 1050, and this is the launching simulation of system 1000, and it comprises antenna assembly 1060, transformation matrix 1070,1072, amplitude regulator 1080,1082, splitter and retardation element 1090.

Figure 11 A has illustrated the radiating portion of BS antenna system 1100, and it comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 1110 that is coupled to emission transformation matrix 1120.In every row of multiple row antenna assembly 1110, on one group of polarization transmission antenna unit, an amplitude/gain adjustment unit 1112 and a phase adjustment unit 1114 are arranged, and on another group polarization transmission antenna unit, an amplitude/gain adjustment unit 1116 is arranged.These adjustings make and can change some characteristic based on the polarization of launching beam figure.These two polarized states are then by single emission transformation matrix 1120 conversions.Similarly, this configuration is by providing two kinds of control degree to classify basis control beam pattern as and to control beam pattern based on sector (that is, the sub-district by the angular divisions part).

Figure 11 B has illustrated the radiating portion of BS antenna system 1150, and it comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 1160 that is coupled to emission transformation matrix 1170,1172.At each antenna port, transmitting along separate routes with one is two polarized signals.A polarized signal is by amplitude/gain and phase adjusted 1190, and another polarized signal is by amplitude/gain-adjusted 1192.Each polarized signal through regulating is being applied to independently before the

transformation matrix

1170,1172, then respectively by once more along separate routes, then by amplitude/gain-adjusted 1180,1182.

Transformation matrix

1172,1172 is then changed these signals and they is offered multiple row antenna assembly 1160, and antenna assembly 1160 comprises the transmission antenna unit of paired polarization diversity in every row.This configuration makes BS transmitting antenna 1150 that two kinds of degree of controls are being provided, and realizes Polarization match when promptly regulating 1190,1192, optimizes

beam pattern

1180,1182 with polarization and the adjusting of coupling MS.

Figure 12 A has described configuration and has been used for the receiving unit that multifrequency is distributed the BS antenna system 1200 of (being multicarrier) operation.BS receiving system 1200 comprises a multiple row antenna assembly 1210 that is coupled to receiving conversion matrix 1220.The corresponding received signal that appears at each beam port of receiving conversion matrix 1220 is divided into their carrier component.This is divided into independent frequency branch by

equipment

1232,1234,1236,1238 with each beam port signal realizes, the corresponding corresponding carrier frequency of each branch.For example, at Figure 12 three carrier frequency f are arranged _C1, f _C2And f _C3Each frequency offset of each beam port signal is then by amplitude/gain-adjusted and combination.Composite signal then is routed to the

channel model

1240,1242,1244 that is tuned as corresponding carrier frequency.Therefore, this configuration provides the ability of the beam pattern that utilizes single multiple row antenna assembly 1910 each carrier frequency of control.In addition, shown in Figure 12 B, the radiating portion that configuration is used for multifrequency batch operation BS antenna system 1250 also can be realized this configuration.

Figure 13 has illustrated the receiving unit of BS multiaerial system 1300, and it comprises multiple row antenna assembly 1310,1312,1314, and each antenna assembly is coupled to a corresponding transformation matrix 1320,1322,1324.The beam port of transformation matrix 1320,1322,1324 is coupled to beam port branch, beam port branch may comprise that regulon is used for execution amplitude/gain and phase adjusted, and modulator is used for providing amplitude, phase place or polarization modulation to the beam port signal.Channelizing control board 1350 then is coupled in these beam port branches, and each beam port signal of a particular sector part of the beamlet coverage cell of a wherein corresponding compound wave beam is relevant with a channel time slot on this control board.Disposing this channelizing control board 1350 makes the beam port signal comprise a compound wave beam to a cell sector that takies the adjacent channel time slot.Similarly, this configuration using " repairing (patching) " beam port signal branch provides the ability of redistributing any amount of beamlet figure from a sector to another sector to the channel time slot of a corresponding expection cell sector.It should be understood that in fact from a sector to another sector and repair " a sub-beam pattern can utilize at channelizing control board 1350 manual positioning cables and realize.Perhaps, control board 1350 itself can be a conversion equipment, need not manually locate just can repair beamlet figure to different sectors.

Figure 14 has illustrated the receiving unit of BS multiaerial system 1440, and it comprises a plurality of multiple row antenna assemblies 1410,1412,1414, and each antenna assembly is coupled to a corresponding transformation matrix 1420,1422,1424.The beam port of transformation matrix 1420,1422,1424 is coupled to beam port branch, and these branches comprise that amplitude/gain adjustment unit is to regulate the amplitude of beam port signal.These beam port branches then offer switching fabric 1450, and this structure can be redistributed any amount of beamlet figure to another sector from a sector.This switching fabric is configurable to make, has identical phase center and generate beamlet figure can combine with all beam port signals that form a sector compound wave beam figure.In addition, each beam port signal packets is delayed a scheduled volume, this scheduled volume is that each grouping is peculiar, does not have a relative delay between the adjacent wavelet bundle figure of shared same phase center (that is, being positioned at the adjacent wavelet bundle figure of sector borders opposite one side) like this.The beamlet figure of this configuration by not making each sector is relevant to provide the beam pattern diversity, and minimizes the interference between the beamlet of sector borders opposite one side.

Figure 15 A has illustrated the system level function block diagram of directional transmitting antenna subsystem 1500A.Figure 15 B has illustrated the system level function block diagram of directional receiving antenna subsystem 1500B.Directional transmissions and reception antenna subsystem 1500A and 1500B can be total to the location in a BS to form a combination directional antenna subsystem.Transmit beam-forming part 1502A comprises an input that is used to receive emitting radio frequency signal 1504A.These radiofrequency signals 1504A comprises the relevant information that is used to send the information emission channel time slot that MS will receive.

Shown in Figure 15 A, antenna assembly 1506A comprises that a plurality of antenna arrays are coupled to the corresponding output antenna port 1508A of transmit beam-forming part 1502A.Though at the multiple row antenna that the specific embodiment shown in Figure 15 A provides quantity to equal antenna port 1508A number, this does not get rid of between antenna port and the array is not other configuration of 1 to 1 relation.It should be noted, can design these specific antenna device and antenna element configuration by any way consistent with the disclosed various embodiment of the application.

A plurality of parameters of relevant single beam pattern or beam pattern group can be handled by transmit beam-forming part 1502A.Shown in Figure 15 A, these parameters comprise time delay 1510A, amplitude 1511A, phase place 1512A, amplitude modulation(PAM) 1513A, phase modulated 1514A and gain 1515A.Say exactly, can be provided with or adjust one or more these parameters.For example, can adjust the time delay of a particular beam figure or it is set to a particular value.In addition, can be by the one group wave beam mode of influence by transmit beam-forming part 1502A processing, time delay is set to a set-point or it is adjusted.This group wave beam can comprise a subclass of whole beam pattern set or these beam patterns.Can like each wave beam or each wave beam category, be provided with or adjust such as other parameters such as amplitude and phase places.Amplitude and phase modulated parameter definable also offer independent wave beam or one group of wave beam for example, with relative amplitude modulation that realizes the wave beam in this group or the relative phase modulation of carrying out the wave beam in a group.Also can promptly be provided with and/or regulate similar parameters in the antenna assembly 1506A separately in antenna one side.Can and/or regulate these parameters to separate antenna unit, these antenna unit group or the setting of entire antenna cell array.In an illustrated embodiment, these parameters comprise time delay 1516A, amplitude 1517A, phase place 1518A.In this antenna assembly, can be provided with or regulate all parameters, subset of parameters or different parameters.

Can utilize particular electrical circuit (the some of them circuit will be described below) to be implemented in the setting or the adjusting of one or more parameters that Figure 15 A mentions.For example, transmit beam-forming part 1502A can utilize the known circuit assembly to realize, comprises transformation matrix, as the Butler transformation matrix.

Disclosed antenna radiator equipment (ARU) can be realized this antenna element in utilization (Fig. 3 A) concise and to the point relevant Shapira patent application that describe, that apply on the same day therewith in the above.ARU can comprise adjustable circuit element, the supervision that they are subjected to provide in the ARU and the supervision and the control of control section.Shown in Figure 15 C, between beam shaping part 1502A and directional antenna subsystem controller 1522 and supervision that in ARU, provides and control section, can provide communication structure 1541.Therefore, can send a specific instruction to regulate or to be provided with a given circuit element in the ARU.This circuit element can comprise for example retardation element, amplitude adjusted element (for example given amplifier on a given emission or RX path), or phase adjusted element.Accordingly, for regulating the amplitude of a given wave beam group, can suitably regulate a amplifier on emission or the RX path by the supervision of ARU and control section.Except regulating the amplitude of a given wave beam, this also can be provided with part 1511A by the amplitude of beam shaping part 1502A and realize.

Figure 15 B has described reception directional antenna subsystem 1500B, and it comprises received beam shaped portion 1502B and a receiving antenna device 1506B.Receive directional antenna subsystem 1500B opposite with emission directional antenna subsystem 1500A on function.Similarly, one group of antenna port of coupling between received beam shaped portion 1502B and receiving antenna device 1506B.Then, provide the radiofrequency signal of reception to output 1504B.

Figure 15 C provides a kind of block diagram of exemplary BS system 1520.This exemplary system comprises that a directional antenna subsystem controller 1522,1524 that is coupled to beam shaping part 1524 is coupled to antenna array 1526 again.Beam shaping part 1524 comprises two group of received antenna ports 1528,1530, the two group of received antennas that their correspondences provide in antenna array 1526 (that is main the reception and diversity reception).Similarly, two groups of transmitting antenna port ones 532,1533 are coupled to the two groups of transmitter units (for example, the main reception and diversity reception) in antenna array 1526.Beam shaping part 1524 also comprises 534,1536 and two groups of launching beam port ones 538,1539 of two sets of receive beams port ones.These beam ports make BTS1544 be coupled to beam shaping part 1524.Though be to connect in antenna array 1526, shown beam shaping subsystem 1524 and BTS1544 comprise the certain port group, and any suitable connection of being convenient to transmit Rx and Tx signal can be provided.

Directional antenna subsystem controller 1522 can further be coupled to outer computer 1540, network management system 1542 and BTS1544.Can provide structure 1545 to be used to make can direct communication between network management system 1542 and the BTS1544.Network management system 1542 also can comprise an interface that is used for the information that receives from other BTS.For instance, antenna array 1526 can comprise an array combination as shown in Figure 1.Therefore, but the polarization of each main reception antenna unit and diversity reception antenna element linear tilt, and each main transmission antenna unit and diversity transmission antenna unit can be shown in Fig. 2 A perpendicular polarization.Perhaps, all antenna elements can linear tilt polarization shown in Fig. 2 B.

Figure 15 D has illustrated antenna subsystem 1548, and it has been demonstrated to the improvement of system configuration shown in Figure 15 C.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 D, antenna assembly 1526 is coupled to beam shaping part 1524, but other unit (for simplicity) of this exemplary BS system is not shown in Figure 15 D.Yet, an additional received beam power-monitoring structure 1550 can be provided, this structure 1550 monitors the received beam power at each beam port of beam shaping part 1524 on function.For this reason, can monitor these beam ports in any appropriate location of the received beam power of indicating these respective beam.For example, can provide a kind of structure in beam shaping part 1524, this structure only is provided at each beam port that receives a side and is coupled to a power-measuring device, and generates the corresponding registers that digital value is stored in corresponding respective beam port.

Antenna array 1526 can comprise an array that forms N wave beam, also can further install supervision and the control section of describing in the related application of for example mentioning in front.In addition, supervision and control section can provide the parts as beam shaping part 1524.Directional antenna subsystem controller 1522 can comprise disclosed IDU in the related application of mentioning in the above, but also can install the parts of a supervision and control section formation IDU.Network management system 442 comprises a network information database.BTS1544 comprises portions, wherein comprises transmit block, main receiving-member, the interface of diversity reception parts and network management system 442.

Shown in Figure 15 C, the reception antenna unit can comprise the reception antenna unit of paired orthogonal polarization.Can independently control the internal unit of each this antenna element (that is, can independently control the relevant antenna gain in each these unit).Except the receiving element of the different polarization of independent control, also can independently control the transmitter unit of vertical or orthogonal polarization.

Figure 16 has illustrated one group of sub-district A, B and C, and they have constituted the partial converage zone of a given Cellular Networks.Provide this figure to be used for reference to being convenient to the following relevant discussion of optimizing.Each sub-district of describing in Figure 16 is divided into 3 sectors.Say that exactly there is the BS of oneself each sub-district, this BS comprises an antenna assembly, and the antenna that is used for the general corresponding shape shown in Figure 16 of radiation transmits and receives beam pattern.These beam patterns are overlapped so that formation soft handover area SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4 as shown in figure 16.

Describe some network optimization feature now, comprise and describe the optimized Algorithm shown in Figure 17 A-17B.These features can be used together, or their subclass can be used for improving the various aspects of (promptly optimizing) cellular communications network.Algorithm shown in Figure 17 A-17B provides the specific implementation of a process, and this process can be carried out by the directional antenna subsystem controller 1522 shown in Figure 15 C or by transmit and receive beam shaping part 1502A, the 1502B shown in Figure 15 A and the 4B.The beam pattern that shown optimized Algorithm optimization is formed by this antenna assembly a given area of coverage.To describe below, this specific embodiment can or be that some cell group in the local geographic area is carried out and optimized based on sub-district one by one.

Can optimize many aspects of cellular communication system.Optimized proportion to the minimum frame error rate (FER) on forward direction and the reverse link is bigger.Another target is to minimize the call drop number and is not the calls that is received by a given MS.All will maximize from local viewpoint (for example, based on sector) one by one and overall (promptly spread all over whole sub-district or spread all over an overlay area that comprises a plurality of sub-districts) network capacity.In addition, can be minimum EIRP provides and optimizes so that the big energy of non-radiating (for example, because regulation and security reason).In addition, minimum EIRP makes and can save power and resource.For example, the required assembly of the system that radiant power is low wants cheap.In addition, but the MS plant capacity that minimum mass signal post needs.This will allow MS smaller and more exquisite and more cheap, improve battery life simultaneously and produce less radiation plane meeting.

Optimization feature in this proposition can be used for existing system and cellular technology and existing resource.In other words, by these features and existing standard and cellular technology are provided, need not make a large amount of and expensive their advantage that just can realize of improving to cellular infrastructure.

The various aspects of optimization feature disclosed herein can relate to known technology or notion, announce in the some of them list of references below: the US patent No.5 that is entitled as " having the cell mobile communication systems that is used to change the cell boarder device according to traffic conditions ", 499,395 (Doi); The US patent No.5 that is entitled as " the redundant method and apparatus that covers is provided " in cellular communication system, 861,844 (Gilmore); The sub-district breathing (breathing) of A.Jalali:CDMA network; Charles Wheatley: the capacity of cellular system is commercial to be covered: system's prospect, microwave periodical 1995.7; J.Shapira: microcell engineering; What have and the forward link among the J.Shapira:CDMAIS95---we forgotten? URSI seminar 5/6/1997.The content of each list of references at this all as a reference.

Reverse link

Many parameters and factor will influence the capacity and the performance of reverse link.These parameters comprise and relate to ratio E _b/ I ₀The path loss problem.This ratio is a multi-path environment and for reducing the function that path loss and multipath loss are taken measures.In other words, E _b/ I ₀The indicating channel quality and comprise path loss be subjected to the FREQUENCY CONTROL part, and path loss does not generally rely on a given frequency in this frequency band.For minimizing path loss, (for example a sector or sub-district) MS is by the power of reverse link transmissions in given area of cellular system control.These power adjustments are applied to radial direction (being omnidirectional) equally, because MS does not typically possess the directional transmissions ability.

Between capacity and performance, there is a kind of direct trade-off relation: actual E _b/ I ₀High more, performance high more (FER is low more), and also capacity is low more.

Can use various types of diversity and reduce path loss.

The interference that soft handover (SHO) provides additional space diversity, grand space diversity and controls other sub-district.The SHO zone is big more, and the quantity of the local resource of requirement (channel card) is big more; Therefore the area that limits the SHO zone is favourable.Soft handover (between the sector of same BS) provides added space/antenna diversity, and the control of adjacent sectors interference.Path loss is correlated with to the fan antenna that is total to the location and is not had grand space diversity.Need not extra channel card.

Forward link

Above mentioned some be characterized as the digital system that is applied to for the purpose of the signal such as CDMA.Yet, also can be applicable to the Cellular Networks of other type in this network optimization feature.

There are a plurality of parameters and factor will influence the capacity and the performance of forward link.These parameters comprise and relate to E _b/ I ₀The path loss problem of ratio.E in the forward link requirement _b/ I ₀The E that is different from reverse link _b/ I ₀Coherent reception has reduced high E _b/ I ₀Demand.In addition, using the orthogonal transmission sign indicating number can eliminate in the sub-district disturbs.Interference increases to the border of cell/section.When not having transmission antenna diversity (for example, space, polarization, angle) at BS, required E _b/ I ₀Increase.

The transmitting terminal of BS fast, high dynamic range power is controlled under the environment of for example Dan Zhen, Rayleigh fading, helps the performance of the MS that slowly moves.

Because the orthogonality loss that the long delay path effects causes will cause disturbing in the sub-district.

Soft handover provides the space grand and grand diversity.Yet it switches related BS from this and absorbs energy.This can only be partly by the compensation of BS transmitting power control measure.The additional BS transmitting power in SHO zone near the same SHO zone or all inner other MS cause interference.

(softer handoff) only provides grand diversity than soft handover, because path loss is relevant fully.

The network optimization

Can take multiple stimulation optimization network, for example by strengthening BS.These measures can constitute the initial part of universe network prioritization scheme.

Can take measures to revise BS and cover, reduce the density of BS in network thus to strengthen.These measures comprise uses high antenna gain, diversity technique and by the low-noise factor amplifier is provided in RX path.Various embodiment disclosed herein, for example, ARU, certain antenna assembly, and certain beamforming system can be used for strengthening covering.

By using high EIRP and can increasing capacity in conjunction with diversity technique.Link balance helps to realize identical covering and did not have large disturbance, and helps avoid degradation and call drop.

Can use the soft handover balance, it relates to pilot power level with the reception pilot power level of the BS identical same point of the reverse link of balance neighbor cell to these sub-districts.This helps to guarantee that the SHO zone is fully overlapping to these pilot tones and reverse link, and makes that near the SHO zone this balance point is minimum.Therefore, the SHO balance helps to prevent that MS loses the situation that maybe can't obtain pilot tone during handoff procedure.

Adoptable another measure relates to makes cell size and desired volume coupling, keeps continuity (" cell breathing ") simultaneously.This means to be uneven sector load change sector angular span between the sector of a given sub-district and/or given cell set, and be the inhomogeneous cell load change cell range in trooping in a given sub-district.

Covering/the volume controlled of reverse link

The environment of cell/section is seldom identical.Some zone may have the delay multi-path component of supporting the Rake diversity, and other---for example, injection line Rayleigh domination environment is not supported the Rake diversity.Some zone is disturbed than other zone is easier.All MS transmitting powers in a given sub-district or sector utilize same S/N than the zone that reaches BTS through adjusting, can the applied power control technology.It should be noted, satisfy the E of FER demand _b/ I ₀---may be different to the MS in the zones of different in this cell/section.Enjoying more the zone of multi-diversity can further extend, and other---shrink.Similarly---disturb excessive sub-district (causing) may need specially to suppress to disturb by the gain that reduces this direction by adjacent cells/sectors.

Therefore the form of crossing over this sector control receiving antenna gain is to optimize a kind of very strong mode that covers and increase capacity.Because these link differences, the gain form of optimizing reverse link needn't be for optimizing the gain form of forward link.

Therefore, for optimizing a given overlay area best, can be at BS to the reverse and independent using gain control of forward link.

The reverse link formula is:

q &cong; \frac{S}{N_{o} W} = \frac{C / I}{1 - {(1 - n) (1 + f) vC / I}} &cong; \frac{C / I}{1 - η} - - - (1)

Balance between two sub-districts then is:

\frac{q_{1}}{q_{2}} = \frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}

In the formula:

C/I be signal (carrier wave) to noise and interference ratio,

Q is the signal power that is standardized as thermal noise,

S is the power that receives from each user at BS,

N ₀Be thermal noise spectral density at receiver inlet,

W is modulated carrier bandwidths,

N is a number of effective call,

F be cell/section outer with cell/section in the ratio of interference,

V is the speech effective factor, and

T1 and T2 are the loss between MS and the corresponding BS.

The beam shaping optimization of reverse link

Beam-shaper can be attached to reception (and/or emission) part of BS.A wave beam can form and control the shape of a plurality of wave beams, and these wave beams constitute the terminal box (rosette) that covers this sector together, and each independent wave beam covers the part of this sub-district.The multiple different exemplary embodiments of former are disclosed at this.One set of connections box can cover the whole 360 degree orientation around this BS.Each wave beam is by a controllable amplifier, and then, all beam combination that belong to a sector are to the BTS receiver.Each wave beam also is subjected to the supervision of a total-power receiver.

Comparing with optional fan antenna device provides former favourable.One of them benefit relates to the degree of control wave harness shape.Can make the slope of the typical fan antenna of slope ratio of these wave beams want much steep, reduced thus overlapping between the sector, disturb and leak and help to comprise than soft handover area.It is by controlling the gain formation of each wave beam that this sector covers.This provides overlapping with the control of neighbor cell, and provides drape forming to conform to change and sector interference.

As previously mentioned, for Figure 15 D, for example, each BS can install a structure that is used to monitor the gross power that each wave beam a given multi-beam receives.The gross power that receives at given sector can be used as the load measure of this sector, shown in Figure 17 A.

S_{T} = \frac{P_{Total}}{N_{o} W} = \frac{1}{1 - η} - - - (2)

N = \frac{n}{1 - \frac{1}{S_{T}}}

N is progressive load in the formula, actual being arranged within 0.6 to 0.85N, and

η = \frac{n}{N}

The relative power that wave beam receives be to the load of relevant MS or excessive sub-district outside the measurement of interference.Divide the additional information of mixing to obtain in network management center at MS, and can be used for solving this two kinds of schemes.

In covering limited wave beam, gain increases have been expanded scope (or penetrating) and has reduced the MS transmitting power.In interference-limited wave beam, gain has reduced cell boarder and has reduced the interference in the sub-district.Available additional information about the MS position can be relevant with the specific MS report of relevant difficulty in the network control center, and pass through gain control compensation.

Control reverse link MS transmitting power is subjected to the max power constraint of MS.Forward link corresponding is controlled to be at BS and transmitting power is set and to the power control of single MS.

The clutter zone that demonstrates injection line Rayleigh fading characteristic needs very high E _b/ I ₀, unless additional diversity measure (for example transmit diversity) is provided.May must distribute higher gain (higher EIRP) to these directions so that on average cross over the coverage of this sector.

The multipath of long delay has increased not the interference with this signal in orthogonal.This disturbs with the gross power of launching from BTS and is directly proportional.E _b/ I ₀Very stable, it is the function of the distance of BS in this sub-district cell edge that makes its degradation up to the interference from other sub-district.

Forward link formula (being similar to) is:

\frac{E_{b}}{I_{o}} = \frac{W}{R_{o}} \cdot \frac{β (1 + ua)}{(a + hx \frac{T_{oc}}{T_{i}}) v 1} - - - (3)

And on the border be:

\frac{E_{b}}{I_{o}} = \frac{W}{R_{o}} \cdot \frac{β (1 + ua)}{(a + hx) v 1} - - - (4)

In the formula: be professional shared mark outside the BTS power bracket,

α is at the shared mark of multipath BTS power that postpones,

V is the speech effective factor,

U is the delay multipath number that receives at Rake receiver,

T _iBe loss from ownership BTS,

T _OcBe loss from other BTS,

H is other BTS number on the border,

X is the ratio of load with the load of ownership BTS of other BTS,

I is Traffic Channel+paging number.

If the propagation law of boundary vicinity is assumed to be R ^-4, so

To 2 cell boarders:

\frac{T_{i}}{T_{o}} &cong; 1 + 4 \frac{δR}{R_{o}} \frac{T_{oc}}{T_{o}} &cong; 1 - 4 \frac{δR}{R_{o}} \frac{T_{oc}}{T_{i}} &cong; 1 - 8 \frac{δR}{R_{o}} - - - (5)

To 3 cell boarders:

\frac{T_{i}}{T_{o}} &cong; 1 + 4 \frac{δR}{R_{o}} \frac{T_{oc}}{T_{o}} &cong; 1 - 2 \frac{δR}{R_{o}} \frac{T_{oc}}{T_{i}} &cong; 1 - 6 \frac{δR}{R_{o}} - - - (6)

The forward link of two sub-districts is equilibrated at following realization (suppose=0)

x = \frac{T_{i}}{T_{oc}} - - - (7)

The forward link that this means the sub-district is expanded with load.

When the load of sector is inconsistent, should distribute a higher EIRP so that minimize the required total transmitting power in this sector for the more intensive sub-sector that distributes.Yet this will enlarge the scope in the sector.

The beam-shaper optimization of forward link

The initial measure that the sector is shaped is based on the environmental change of passing this sector, required thus E _b/ I ₀Variation.The EIRP compensation is effective.

The soft handover window is determined by the pilot tone balance of neighbor cell.By making near the SHO window symmetry balance point of the reverse link of these sub-districts, can realize comprising the balance reverse link, reduce the advantage of disturbing and between the sub-district, keeping during roaming connecting continuously.Its objective is the balance point that makes pilot tone balance reverse link.This need control pilot power, and pilot power is the function of the load in home cell and neighbor cell.

Pilot tone control can directly realize at BS.Yet it is a kind of easier control that obtains that total BS transmitting power is set.When using this scheme [3], forward link power control recovers the required EIRP of each MS, and this pilot tone remains unchanged simultaneously.Former provides the control of the EIRP that passes the inhomogeneity sector.This is not to use the control of BTS power to come the interior pilot tone of tuning each wave beam.The tuning rule of pilot tone is derived from formula (1) and (7).

Tuning information can obtain in network management center, or estimates (formula (2)) according to the total received power of measuring each BTS on the contrary.

The situation that is called " pilot pollution " occurs in many pilot tones (the treatable quantity of Rake receiver that surpasses MS) and has similar E at the same area _b/ I ₀The time.In this case, all these pilot tones must have a low E _b/ I ₀, and isolated situation will appear when they insert to desiring new MS, it is also very fast with its release lock a pilot tone.Although because the improper power of finding of control MS is excessive during the sub-district that does not comprise in participating in this effective pilot set, discerning this situation according to the measurement of total received power does not have direct mode.The indication of this situation can obtain from following:

From excessive received power

From relevant access fault or call drop report that should the zone.What expectation obtained is relevant uncommon

Hope the information of MS position further illustrate this situation.

From report about effective and contiguous set.These message are sent by each MS

To its BTS.

In case observe this situation, at the EIRP of this region overlapping wave beam relevant with different districts---by changing this balance and allowing the mode of 3 kinds of main pilot tones at the most controlled.

Figure 17 B has illustrated an a kind of embodiment of optimized Algorithm.The factor that this optimized Algorithm embodiment is proposed is to reduce path loss and multipath loss.Existing cellular system by control by these factors of minimum power of the MS in a given overlay area (for example a sector or sub-district) through reverse link transmissions.These power adjustments are applied to radial direction (being omnidirectional) equally, because MS does not possess the directional transmissions ability.This embodiment has adopted other measure of exceeding existing system and has changed the shape of beam pattern along azimuth direction, so that reduce undesired multipath and path loss effect.

The shaping of beam pattern can realize by a given BS is set with a kind of particular form, so that the beam pattern shape in the predetermined area of coverage (for example sector) all has certain expection characteristic on reverse link and forward link.

The feature of the optimized Algorithm embodiment that is illustrated comprises that this will be described below by disposing dynamically for reverse and forward link/closed loop procedure optimization BS operation.

With reference to being used for Figure 17 A and the 17B of reverse link, at first step (act) A1702, this optimizing process is at first checked the reverse link attribute, mainly concentrates on the load information about the quantity of user/MS (that is validated user) of communicating by letter with BS at a given time.This load information can obtain and classification based on each sector, and is to obtain based on each wave beam when using a plurality of beam patterns and realize and classify when the sector covers.The classification load information is the multi-beam feature of the corresponding specific embodiment of the present invention of set of corresponding several wave beams, and these features illustrate and describing in the corresponding character therewith at Fig. 3 C-7B.In all sorts of ways for obtaining load information, can making, be included in the BS receiver and place the special sensor of an incident power on the measurement reverse link and/or utilize the user report information that obtains from MS based on each wave beam.This load information is relevant with geographical location information (for example, a kind of general digital of map is represented) then.

This map can comprise the geographical expression of two dimension and about every position of this geometry, comprise for example sub-district, sector, beam pattern, MS position and BS position.

At next step A1706, (for example trooped in a given sub-district, 3 neighbor cells as shown in figure 16), then utilize MS information (for example, relating to the position of corresponding MS in the domain of dependence and the information of power stage) to determine the boundary line that between neighbor cell or sector, exists.Handoff boundary has been divided in these boundary lines, and they are to the center of soft handover area SH1, the SH2, SH3 and the SH4 that are applied to reverse link.

The BS optimizing process then concentrates on the forward link attribute and carries out certain associated pilot process.Existing BS sends business and pilot information by forward link, and reservation MS is its all pilot signal measurement pilot signal strengths that receive.When a new pilot signal surpasses certain intensity " thresholding ", can utilize this new pilot tone order MS to enter soft handoff mode (that is, SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4).

When new pilot tone of MS locking, it enters into one common alleged " soft handover window ".In this window, between neighbor cell, there is virtual " power-distance " border.Usually, when MS arrives this border, the separation that can be converted to the new area of coverage/sub-district will be arrived.Yet, exist the boundary of virtual power-distance too near the situation on one of them border of this soft handover window.This will bring problem and cause calling out loss.When this loss for example occurs in MS and does not in time switch to new pilot tone and utilize former pilot signal to move to new sub-district.

In steps A 1708, shown optimized Algorithm is carried out the pilot signal power level that position on relevant this geographical map was handled and determined to pilot signal on the forward link.It should be noted that to provide independently " breathing " (promptly changing at any time) figure for forward link and reverse link.These spirograms are represented respectively about in particular moment these sub-districts and the position of sector and the forward link and the reverse link radiation beam figure on border.

In steps A 1710, this optimized Algorithm utilizes reverse link information to regulate the pilot signal power level of two neighbor bss, so as they one with steps A 1706 in identical/balance on the correspondence mappings line of demarcation consistent location discerned.With reference to Figure 16, can on map, describe this boundary line by a line along soft handover area SH1, SH2, SH3 and SH4 center.

The shape that directional antenna subsystem controller 1522 can order beam shaping subsystem 1524 to regulate some independent beam pattern, this makes and can revise pilot signal level near some Zone switched position.This may command is used to force virtual power-apart from the center of the more close soft handover window in border.

Refer again to steps A 1708, for example can obtain the geographical map of various pilot signal power level by the pilot frequency information that utilizes the MS report.Owing in new system, provide the positional information of relevant MS, the position of therefore easier identification MS.Yet, utilize native system to be not easy to obtain specific location information about each MS.Therefore, can utilize a kind of algorithm to proofread and correct the pilot information that the corresponding MS by a corresponding specific region obtains, and the position of discerning this MS, pilot information obtained thus.This is convenient to calculate the pilot signal power level in some position of geographical map.This algorithm can be discerned MS sector of living in, obtains the pilot signal power level of adjacent sectors, the pilot signal in 5dB is each other made from the pilot information of MS relevant, and gathers these pilot tones.

Based on the mapping pilot signal information that obtains in step 1708, now can be based on forward link information Recognition soft handover " island ".In steps A 1710, relatively these soft handovers " island " (comprise according to the forward link perspective determine Zone switched) with in boundary line that step 1706 obtains according to reverse link information, and pilot signal level and a thresholding in each these corresponding region of comparison (that is, in Zone switched interior (reverse link) and the switching island (forward link)).Above-mentioned thresholding is for being fallen into the pilot tone that a MS in these overlapping regions is used for carrying out switching.

If the pilot tone number in the given overlapping region allows quantity (for example 3 pilot tones) greater than one, this may indicate and pilot pollution occur, and this will produce adverse effect to the network performance in this zone, for example causes call drop or attempts the access network failure.

This algorithm will determine to ignore some pilot tone, and the pilot tone number drops to or is lower than this permission quantity like this.Can carry out wave beam permutatation or shaping to reduce the pilot tone number, promptly reduce " uncared-for " pilot level, so any soft handover area all be had a maximum pilot tone number (for example, 3 pilot tones) that allows.

For regulating the power stage of given area, this optimized Algorithm is regulated the EIRP of these pilot tones.This can be by regulating and distributing the power (this will have same effect in the whole zone of this pilot tone service) to pilot signal and/or passing through to regulate antenna gain and realize.Regulate and distribute to the whole sector of the power influences of pilot signal, and the adjusting antenna gain is controlled so that influence the interior independent wave beam (that is beam shaping) of a given sector.The power of distributing to a pilot signal can change at this BS, but needs to upgrade BS software.Perhaps, can change total transmitting power of BS.In this way, the power of BS be controlled to be each Traffic Channel recover power stage simultaneously the rate of pilot signal remain unchanged.

Figure 18 shows radiating system 1800, and it comprises by a mixer and/or a splitter 1816 and is coupled to

multi-antenna arrangement

1802,1806,1808 of a public BTS (not shown) etc.Antenna assembly shown in each comprises a dual-mode antenna unit.Some antenna assembly, promptly 1802 and 1808, be coupled to transmitting-receiving beam shaping part 1804 and 1810 respectively.Other antenna configurations comprises antenna assembly 1806, does not comprise beam-shaper.

Configuration shown in Figure 180 can be provided for adapting to different reception and/or transmitting antenna replace mode by a central BTS.

Optional time delay

1812 and 1814 have been illustrated in the side of

device

1806 and 1808 BTS.They are provided for eliminating interference figure by the signal decorrelation that makes these signals and first antenna assembly 1802 to cdma system.Perhaps, for example for same purpose, orthogonal signalling can be used for corresponding different antennae device, or these equipment can be provided.

Illustrated coordination control structure 1820 among the figure.It can or embody in network management center in the controller shown in Figure 15 C 1522 for example.Coordinate control structure 1820 for the antenna assembly of every kind of self adaptation type (the beam shaping part 1804 and 1810 shown in the figure) provides instruction to promote the coordination control of antenna diagram, be used to optimize the various piece that these install the cellular network of being served.

Also can be by for example a kind of given optimized Algorithm, as these coordinated manipulations of algorithm controls of top just Figure 17 B description.If desired from a given Zone switched removal pilot tone, can redistribute this Zone switched transmitting antenna figure of service; For example, once can be from a different angles irradiation of a different antennae device 1808 by the same area of device 1802 irradiations.

Shown antenna assembly (maybe can provide other device) can in parallel or this public BTS of series connection.They can be placed nearby by being total to the location, or remote the placement, so that be created in required adjacent covering and the EIRP of zones of different in given overlay area, sub-district or the sector.

Though the present invention describes by embodiment, it should be understood that in this employed wording only to be used for description and not limit the present invention.Can do change and not depart from the sensu lato scope and spirit of the present invention the present invention within the scope of the appended claims.Although the present invention describes with reference to ad hoc structure, material and embodiment at this, be understood that the present invention is not limited to disclosed these certain contents.

Claims

1. array device that is used for cordless communication network comprises:

A plurality of active transmitting antennas unit; And

A plurality of Active Receiving Antenna unit,

Wherein said transmission antenna unit and reception antenna unit are provided with in alternate configurations mode repeatedly, so that each described transmission antenna unit optimum distance at interval each other, and each described reception antenna unit described optimum distance at interval each other.

2. according to the array device of claim 1, wherein said transmission antenna unit perpendicular polarization, the linear slant polarization in described reception antenna unit, and described transmission antenna unit and reception antenna unit arranged perpendicular.

3. according to the array device of claim 1, wherein said transmission antenna unit perpendicular polarization, the linear slant polarization in described reception antenna unit, and also described transmission antenna unit and reception antenna unit dispose in the multiple row mode.

4. according to the array device of claim 1, the linear slant polarization in wherein said transmission antenna unit and described reception antenna unit, and described transmission antenna unit and reception antenna unit arranged perpendicular.

5. according to the array device of claim 1, the linear slant polarization in wherein said transmission antenna unit and described reception antenna unit, and also described transmission antenna unit and reception antenna unit dispose in the multiple row mode.

6. according to the array device of claim 1, also comprise a plurality of active radiating elements, wherein said transmission antenna unit and described reception antenna unit are attached in the described active radiating element.

7. base station antenna system comprises:

A multiple row antenna assembly comprises a plurality of active emissions and Active Receiving Antenna unit;

An emission transformation matrix is coupled to described multiple row antenna assembly, and being used to handle will be by the signal of active transmitting antenna unit emission; And

A receiving conversion matrix is coupled to described multiple row antenna configurations, is used to handle the signal that is received by the Active Receiving Antenna unit,

Wherein, described emission transformation matrix separates with described receiving conversion matrix, and each matrix is formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction.

8. according to the base station antenna system of claim 7, wherein said emission transformation matrix and described receiving conversion matrix comprise the beam port that is coupled to amplitude adjusted unit, gain adjustment unit and phase adjustment unit, are used to control the shape of described a plurality of narrow beam figure.

9. base station antenna system comprises:

A multiple row antenna configurations comprises at least two active polarization diversity antenna unit;

A delay cell is coupled to one of them described at least two polarization diversity antenna unit, is used to postpone the signal of a described antenna element; And

A transformation matrix is used to be formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction, and described transformation matrix has a plurality of beam ports and a plurality of antenna port.

10. according to the method for claim 9, wherein said two diversity polarization antenna elements are the reception antenna unit, described transformation matrix is handled the signal that is received by described Active Receiving Antenna unit, and the described inhibit signal of a described antenna element is before being handled by described transformation matrix, with a signal combination from another antenna element.

11. according to the method for claim 10, wherein said two diversity polarization antenna elements are transmission antenna unit, described transformation matrix is handled will be by the signal of described active transmitting antenna unit emission.

12. a base station antenna system comprises:

A multiple row antenna assembly comprises a plurality of first active emission and a plurality of second Active Receiving Antenna unit, and described a plurality of first active antenna unit have the polarization diversity from described a plurality of second active antenna unit;

One first transformation matrix, be coupled to described multiple row antenna assembly, be used to be formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction, described first transformation matrix is relevant with described a plurality of first active antenna unit, and has a plurality of beam ports and be coupled to a plurality of regulons that are used to regulate more than first beam port signal;

One second transformation matrix, be coupled to described multiple row antenna assembly, be used to be formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction, described second transformation matrix is relevant with described a plurality of second active antenna unit, and has a plurality of beam ports and be coupled to a plurality of regulons that are used to regulate more than second beam port signal;

One first mixer is used for generating first by all signals that are combined in described more than first beam port signal and closes the road signal;

One second mixer is used for generating second by all signals that are combined in described more than second beam port signal and closes the road signal;

A delay cell that is coupled to described first mixer is used to postpone described first and closes the road signal; And

One the 3rd mixer is used for closing road signal and second and closing the road signal by making up delayed first.

13. a base station antenna system comprises:

A multiple row antenna assembly comprises a plurality of first active antenna unit and a plurality of second active antenna unit, and described a plurality of first active antenna unit have the polarization diversity from described a plurality of second active antenna unit;

One is closed the road signal shunt, is used for being divided into first shunting sign and second shunting sign with closing the road signal;

A delay cell is used to postpone described first shunting sign;

One first splitter, first shunting sign that is used for described delay along separate routes is more than first a beam port signal; And

One second splitter, being used for described second shunting sign of shunt is more than second beam port signal,

Wherein regulate described more than first and second beam port signals, and offer described first transformation matrix and described second transformation matrix respectively.

14. a base station antenna system comprises:

First group of regulon is coupled to each described a plurality of first active antenna unit, the radiation characteristic that is used to regulate the described first active antenna unit;

Second group of regulon is coupled to each described a plurality of second active antenna unit, the radiation characteristic that is used to regulate the described second active antenna unit;

15. according to the method for claim 14, wherein said a plurality of first active antenna unit and described a plurality of second active antenna unit are transmission antenna unit, described transformation matrix is handled will be by the signal of described first and second active transmitting antenna unit emission.

16. a base station antenna system comprises:

One first transformation matrix, be coupled to described multiple row antenna assembly, be used to be formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction, described first transformation matrix is relevant with described a plurality of first active antenna unit, and has a plurality of beam ports to be coupled to be used to regulate a plurality of first conversion regulons of more than first beam port signal;

One second transformation matrix, be coupled to described multiple row antenna assembly, be used to be formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction, described second transformation matrix is relevant with described a plurality of second active antenna unit, and has a plurality of beam ports to be coupled to be used to regulate a plurality of second conversion regulons of more than second beam port signal;

A signal shunt, being used for along separate routes one, to close the road signal be first shunting sign and second shunting sign;

First group of regulon is used to regulate described first shunting sign;

Second group of regulon is used to regulate described second shunting sign;

One first splitter, first shunting sign that is used for described adjusting along separate routes is more than first a beam port signal; And

One second splitter, second shunting sign that is used for described adjusting along separate routes is more than second a beam port signal,

Wherein said more than first and second beam port signals are further regulated by the described first and second conversion regulons respectively, and offer described first transformation matrix and described second transformation matrix respectively.

17. a base station multiple carrier antenna system comprises:

A multiple row antenna assembly comprises a plurality of active antennas unit;

A transformation matrix is coupled to described multiple row antenna assembly, is used to be formed in a plurality of narrow beam figure that a predetermined plane is crossed over the different angles direction, and described transformation matrix has a plurality of beam ports;

A plurality of frequency separators are coupled to described beam port, and being used for from described beam port separation signal is a plurality of component CF signal;

A plurality of regulons are used to regulate each described a plurality of CF signal;

A plurality of mixers, wherein each described a plurality of mixer makes up all CF signal through regulating of a preset frequency, and exports a predetermined frequency signal;

And a plurality of filters, wherein each described a plurality of filter is adjusted to described predetermined frequency signal and is coupled to each described mixer.