CN114025204A - Live video switching method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Live video switching method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
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- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
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Abstract
The invention provides a video live broadcast switching method, a video live broadcast switching device, video live broadcast switching equipment and a storage medium, wherein the video live broadcast switching method, the video live broadcast switching device, the video live broadcast switching equipment and the storage medium are applied to a first live broadcast source and a second live broadcast source of parallel live broadcast, and when the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast state, the second live broadcast source is in a live broadcast activation state, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring live streaming data of a first live source in real time, wherein the live streaming data comprises video streaming data and/or audio streaming data; judging whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not according to live streaming data of the first live source; when the live broadcast is not smooth, updating the live broadcast stream data pull address of the user side according to the address of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source so that the user side can watch live broadcast contents through the second live broadcast source.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to multimedia technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for live video switching.
Background
With the development of multimedia technology, live webcasting becomes a novel platform for information communication and display, which not only can bring entertainment and leisure for people, but also provides hardware foundation and mode examples for distance education and online education, and live webcasting education also becomes an education mode widely adopted at present.
The more important thing of network live broadcast education is live fluency, and fluency both is education quality's embodiment, also can influence the experience of user's study simultaneously, live broadcast process if meet special circumstances, for example: network card pause, unstable live broadcast platform and the like, in the prior art, a main broadcast can only cut off an original signal and is reconnected to a new signal stream or other live broadcast platforms reestablish a live broadcast room. For users, the disadvantage is that the video and audio are interrupted for a while when the anchor is switched, or the user experience is affected by re-entering a new live broadcast room.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing problems in the prior art, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for switching live video, which can improve the fluency of the video in the live video process and improve the user experience.
In order to solve the technical problems, the specific technical scheme is as follows:
on one hand, the present disclosure provides a live video switching method, which is applied to a first live source and a second live source of parallel live broadcasting, where the first live source and the second live source both have a corresponding push streaming server and a pull streaming server, and when the first live source is in a live state, the second live source is in a live activation state, where the live activation state includes real-time acquisition of anchor video and audio, and no courseware content in a live operation area, and pushes live streaming data of the second live source obtained through acquisition to the push streaming server corresponding to the second live source, where the method includes:
acquiring live streaming data of a first live source in real time, wherein the live streaming data comprises video streaming data and/or audio streaming data;
judging whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not according to live streaming data of the first live source;
and when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, updating the live broadcast stream data pull address of the user side according to the address of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source so that the user side can watch the live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source.
Further, when the live broadcasting is not smooth in the first live broadcasting source, a live broadcasting switching signal is sent to the anchor, so that the anchor carries out live broadcasting teaching through an operation area of the second live broadcasting source.
Further, when the live broadcasting is not smooth in the first live broadcasting source, sending a live broadcasting switching signal to the anchor, so that the anchor carries out live broadcasting teaching through an operation area of a second live broadcasting source, including:
and when the live broadcast is not smooth, sending a live broadcast source adjusting signal to the anchor broadcast so that the anchor broadcast adjusts the live broadcast visual angle, and the adjusted visual angle is consistent with the operation visual angle of the second live broadcast source.
Further, when the live broadcasting of the first live broadcasting source is not smooth, sending a live broadcasting switching signal to the anchor, so that the anchor carries out live broadcasting teaching through an operation area of the second live broadcasting source further includes:
when the live broadcast is not smooth, acquiring current page information of courseware in an operation area of the first live broadcast source;
copying courseware in the operating area of the first live source to the operating area of the second live source;
and updating the courseware in the operating area of the second live source to a corresponding page according to the current page information of the courseware in the operating area of the first live source, so that the anchor carries out live teaching through the courseware in the operating area of the second live source.
Further, the determining whether the first live source is in a live streaming smooth state according to the live streaming data of the first live source includes:
calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period;
and judging whether the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state or not according to the live broadcast quality.
Further, the calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period includes:
counting the total times that the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live source are lower than respective threshold values in a preset time period according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live source in the preset time period;
when the total times are lower than preset times, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state in the preset time period;
and when the total times are not lower than preset times, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast unsmooth state in the preset time period.
Further, the calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the bit rate of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period further includes:
calculating to obtain a stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate and a stability coefficient of the code rate in a preset time period according to the acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the video and/or the audio of the first live broadcast source in the preset time period;
judging whether the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value or not and whether the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value or not;
if the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value and the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state in a preset time period;
and if the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is not lower than a first threshold value or the stability coefficient of the code rate is not lower than a second threshold value, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast unsmooth state in a preset time period.
Further, when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, updating a live broadcast stream data pull address of the user end according to the address of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source, so that the user end can watch live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source, including:
when the live broadcast is not smooth, acquiring address information of a pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source and a content distribution protocol of the first live broadcast source;
and adjusting the content distribution protocol according to the address information of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live source and the content distribution protocol of the first live source so as to update the pull address of the live stream data of the user side.
Further, adjusting the content distribution protocol according to the address information of the streaming server corresponding to the second live source and the content distribution protocol of the first live source to update the pull address of the live streaming data of the user side includes:
acquiring a pulled website position and a pulled website parameter in a content distribution protocol of the first direct-broadcast source;
and replacing the pulled website parameter according to the address information of the pull streaming server corresponding to the second live source and the pulled website position to obtain a content distribution protocol of the second live source, so that the user end obtains live streaming data of the second live source according to the content distribution protocol of the second live source.
Further, the method further comprises:
after anchor live broadcasting is finished, acquiring live broadcasting stream data of the first live broadcasting source and the second live broadcasting source;
according to the live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source and the switching time of the second live broadcast source, obtaining effective live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source;
and merging the effective live streaming data of the first live source and the second live source so as to enable a user to obtain a complete live file.
In another aspect, this document also provides a live video switching apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the live streaming data acquisition module is used for acquiring live streaming data of a first live source in real time, wherein the live streaming data comprises video streaming data and/or audio streaming data;
the judging module is used for judging whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not according to live streaming data of the first live source;
and the switching module updates the live streaming data pull address of the user side according to the address of the pull server corresponding to the second live source when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live source so that the user side can watch live content through the second live source.
In another aspect, a computer device is also provided herein, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method as described above when executing the computer program.
Finally, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided herein, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described above.
By adopting the technical scheme, the video live broadcast switching method, the video live broadcast switching device, the video live broadcast switching equipment and the storage medium set a first live broadcast source and a second live broadcast source which are in parallel live broadcast, the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source are provided with independent data stream transmission channels, when the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast state, the second live broadcast source is in a live broadcast activation state, live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source are obtained in real time, whether the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state or not is judged based on the live broadcast stream data, and when the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast non-smooth state, the first live broadcast source is switched to the second live broadcast source, so that a user side can watch contents through the second live broadcast source, fluency in a live broadcast process can be improved, and learning experience of a user is improved.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an implementation environment for a method provided by embodiments herein;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of a live video switching method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a live source switching process in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a live streaming flow state determination step of a first live source in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of switching a pull website at a user end in the embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a system for operating the method provided by embodiments herein;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating a live video switching apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 shows a schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment herein.
Description of the symbols of the drawings:
10. a main broadcasting end;
20. a first direct broadcast source;
30. a second live source;
40. a user side;
50. a monitoring end;
21. a first direct broadcasting end;
22. a first plug flow server;
23. a first pull stream server;
31. a second live broadcast terminal;
32. a second plug flow server;
33. a second pull stream server;
100. a live streaming data acquisition module;
200. a judgment module;
300. a switching module;
802. a computer device;
804. a processor;
806. a memory;
808. a drive mechanism;
810. an input/output module;
812. an input device;
814. an output device;
816. a presentation device;
818. a graphical user interface;
820. a network interface;
822. a communication link;
824. a communication bus.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of protection.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims herein and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments herein described are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
Along with the popularization of live broadcast, live broadcast education also becomes the education mode of present wide adoption, live broadcast education more importantly live broadcast's fluency, and fluency both is education quality's embodiment, also can influence the experience of user's study simultaneously, live broadcast process if meet special circumstances, for example: network card is pause, live platform is unstable etc. among the prior art, the anchor can only break original signal, reconnect to new signal stream or other live platform reestablish live room, can influence user's study experience like this.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a live video switching method, as shown in fig. 1, which is an implementation environment schematic diagram of the method, and may include an anchor terminal 10, a first live source 20, a second live source 30, a user terminal 40, and a monitor terminal 50, where the first live source 20 and the second live source 30 are in a parallel live relationship, and the first live source 20 and the second live source 30 both have a corresponding push server and a corresponding pull server, that is, the first live source 20 includes a first live terminal 21, a first push server 22, and a first pull server 23, the second live source 30 includes a second live terminal 31, a second push server 32, and a second pull server 33, when the first live source 20 is in a live state, the second live source 30 is in a live active state, the live active state includes real-time acquisition of an anchor video and audio, and the live broadcast operation area has no courseware content, and pushes the collected live broadcast stream data of the second live broadcast source 30 to a stream pushing server corresponding to the second live broadcast source 30, that is, in the live broadcast process of the first live broadcast source 20, the second live broadcast source 30 only receives the anchor live broadcast data, the live broadcast operation area has no anchor operation, and in the live broadcast activation state, the live broadcast room corresponding to the second live broadcast source 30 can be in an unattended watching state or a state of limiting the watching of a user.
The first live broadcast terminal 21 and the second live broadcast terminal 31 may be live broadcast stream data acquisition devices, such as a microphone slot, a camera, and an anchor teaching interface, where the anchor teaching interface includes an operation area and a chat area where the anchor communicates with a user, where the operation area is used to display courseware content, and the operation area may receive operation of the anchor and display corresponding content, such as receiving blackboard-writing content of the anchor in a course of teaching, and display the content in the operation area, so as to improve teaching efficiency of the anchor.
The monitoring end 50 acquires live streaming data of the first live source 20 in real time when the first live source 20 is in live broadcasting, judges whether the first live source 20 is in a live broadcasting smooth state or not according to the live streaming data of the first live source 20, updates a live streaming data pull address of a user end according to an address of a pull streaming server corresponding to the second live source 30 when the first live source 20 is in a live broadcasting smooth state, so that a user end can watch live broadcasting contents through the second live source 30, and timely switches a live broadcasting channel to the second live source 30 when the first live source 20 is in a live broadcasting smooth state, so that the user end can realize non-inductive switching of live broadcasting signals, and live broadcasting experience of a user is guaranteed.
The server provided above may be an independent physical server, a server cluster or a distributed system formed by a plurality of physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as a cloud service, a cloud database, cloud computing, a cloud function, cloud storage, a web service, cloud communication, a middleware service, a domain name service, a security service, a CDN (Content Delivery Network), a big data and artificial intelligence platform, and the like.
In addition, it should be noted that fig. 1 shows only one application environment provided by the present disclosure, and in practical applications, other application environments may also be included, which are not described in detail in the embodiments of this specification.
Specifically, the embodiments herein provide a video live broadcast switching method, which can improve the viewing experience of a user when live broadcast is not smooth. Fig. 2 is a schematic step diagram of a live video switching method provided in an embodiment herein, and the present specification provides the method operation steps as described in the embodiment or the flowchart, but more or less operation steps may be included based on conventional or non-creative labor. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an actual system or apparatus product executes, it can execute sequentially or in parallel according to the method shown in the embodiment or the figures. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the method may include:
s101: acquiring live streaming data of a first live source in real time, wherein the live streaming data comprises video streaming data and/or audio streaming data;
s102: judging whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not according to live streaming data of the first live source;
s103: and when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, updating the live broadcast stream data pull address of the user side according to the address of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source so that the user side can watch the live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source.
It can be understood that, in this embodiment of the present specification, the first live source and the second live source are live sources for parallel live broadcasting, and both live broadcasts are performed on the same anchor, and when the first live source performs live broadcast, the second live source is in a live broadcast activated state, which is equivalent to that, when the first live source performs live broadcast (i.e., when the first live source performs live broadcast), the second live source is in a live broadcast backup state (i.e., a live broadcast activated state), and a state of collecting live stream data is actually processed, but no user side views the live stream data. Through analyzing the live streaming data of the first live source, whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not can be judged, when the first live source is not in the live smooth state, for example, live broadcast blockage occurs, and live broadcast pictures are not smoothly played, the second live source can be directly corrected, a user watches live broadcast contents through the live streaming data of the second live source, stable data of live broadcast data can be guaranteed through a mode of double live sources, and live broadcast smoothness and stability are guaranteed.
The live broadcast activation state comprises the steps of collecting anchor videos and audios in real time, enabling the live broadcast operation area to have no courseware content, and pushing the collected live broadcast data of the second live broadcast source to a stream pushing server corresponding to the second live broadcast source. That is to say, at the anchor end, the second live broadcast source collects the video and audio information of the anchor in real time and pushes the video and audio information to the push streaming server and the pull streaming server at the background, and the pull streaming server corresponding to the second live broadcast source can set the corresponding data stream pull permission, so that the live broadcast content of the second live broadcast source can not be received by the user end when the first live broadcast source is normally live broadcast, and the teaching content of the anchor (i.e. teaching teacher) can be live broadcast by using a single live broadcast source, thereby improving the concentration and the cohesiveness of the user, and avoiding the influence of the interactive experience between the anchor (i.e. teaching teacher) and the user (i.e. student) caused by the fact that the user is dispersed in different live broadcast sources.
When the second live source is in a live broadcast activation state, the operating area in the second live source has no courseware content, and meanwhile, no anchor operation is performed in the operating area, namely, no actual anchor is performed in the second live source for live broadcast, the operating area is also blank, and no anchor is performed in the operating area, so that the second live source can be ensured to be kept in a live broadcast state all the time, and meanwhile, the network resource rate of the second live source can be reduced before real switching, thereby reducing the network load and improving the stability and reliability of the first live source in the live broadcast process.
It should be noted that the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source are two sets of independent live broadcast channels, that is, the two live broadcast sources are configured with two sets of different push stream channels and pull stream channels, so that when live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, data transmission of the second live broadcast source is not affected, and therefore when live broadcast is switched to the second live broadcast source, stable data transmission channels of the second live broadcast source are guaranteed, and live broadcast smoothness and reliability are guaranteed.
In an embodiment of the present specification, the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source may be two different sets of live broadcast platforms, so that a dual-platform backup is implemented.
In this embodiment of the present specification, when live broadcasting is not smooth in the first live broadcasting source, a live broadcasting switching signal is sent to the anchor, so that the anchor performs live broadcasting teaching through an operation area of the second live broadcasting source.
It can be understood that two sets of live broadcast sources as parallel live broadcast are equivalent to two sets of live broadcast devices, so that when the first live broadcast source is live broadcast, the attention of the anchor and the operation area of courseware should be on the first live broadcast source, and therefore when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, the live broadcast needs to be switched to the second live broadcast source, the attention of the anchor needs to be switched to the live broadcast device of the second live broadcast source, so that the situation that the anchor picture and the lecture content are not matched can be avoided, and the quality of network lecture is improved.
In some embodiments of this specification, when live broadcasting is not smooth in the first live broadcasting source, sending a live broadcasting switching signal to the anchor, so that the anchor performs live broadcasting teaching through an operation area of a second live broadcasting source, includes:
and when the live broadcast is not smooth, sending a live broadcast source adjusting signal to the anchor broadcast so that the anchor broadcast adjusts the live broadcast visual angle, and the adjusted visual angle is consistent with the operation visual angle of the second live broadcast source.
Therefore, the anchor can enable the anchor to be higher in matching degree with the second live source by adjusting the visual angle, the anchor can be live through the second live source in a higher mode, the fact that the anchor and a live interface (namely an operation area) have smaller changes before and after switching is guaranteed, and therefore students at the user side can achieve non-sensory switching and continuity of a live teaching process is guaranteed.
Certainly, in live broadcast source switching process, still relate to the switching of anchor video acquisition (for example camera) and audio acquisition equipment (for example microphone), in order to guarantee continuity and the uniformity around the switching, first live broadcast source with video acquisition equipment and audio acquisition equipment can dispose the same parameter in the second live broadcast source, and the angle and the position of installation (with the live broadcast equipment that corresponds) also can be unanimous, like this main visual angle switch back, and the video acquisition equipment and the audio acquisition equipment of second live broadcast source can gather the data of the same scope and tone quality with the corresponding acquisition equipment of first live broadcast source to video and audio continuity and stability have been guaranteed.
In some other embodiments, the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source may adopt the same set of video capture device and audio capture device, so that the consistency of the video quality and the audio quality before and after switching may be ensured, but on the basis of the adjustment of the anchor viewing angle, the angles of the corresponding video capture device and audio capture device also need to be adjusted correspondingly, so that the anchor is in a suitable video range, and the captured audio is in a better quality range, and the video capture device and the audio capture device in the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source may also have other configuration modes, which are not limited in the embodiments of this specification.
In this embodiment of the present specification, as shown in fig. 3, when live broadcasting of the first live broadcasting source is not smooth, sending a live broadcasting switching signal to the anchor, so that the anchor performs live broadcasting lectures through an operation area of the second live broadcasting source further includes:
s201: when the live broadcast is not smooth, acquiring current page information of courseware in an operation area of the first live broadcast source;
s202: copying courseware in the operating area of the first live source to the operating area of the second live source;
s203: and updating the courseware in the operating area of the second live source to a corresponding page according to the current page information of the courseware in the operating area of the first live source, so that the anchor carries out live teaching through the courseware in the operating area of the second live source.
It can be understood that, in addition to the adjustment of attention of the anchor, the operation area of the second live source also needs to be consistent with the operation area of the first live source in the state before switching (i.e., the page of the courseware, such as the page of the PPT), so that the trainee at the user end does not have the appearance of the sudden change picture when pulling the data in the second live source, and the continuity and quality of the network teaching are ensured. Therefore, the progress of the anchor teaching can be obtained by obtaining the current page information of the courseware in the operation area of the first live source before switching, the same courseware is copied in the operation area of the second live source, and the page of the courseware is adjusted to the part of the anchor teaching, so that the automatic synchronization of the courseware page information is realized, the efficiency of switching the live sources is improved, the smoothness and the stability of live broadcasting are greatly improved, and higher user learning experience is guaranteed.
In some other embodiments, the process of synchronizing courseware in the operating area of the second live source can be realized in a mode of manually turning pages by a main broadcast or turning pages by a course assistant, so that interaction between data of the first live source and data of the second live source can be reduced, independence between the first live source and the second live source is ensured, and higher live stability between the first live source and the second live source is further ensured.
In an embodiment of this specification, as shown in fig. 4, the determining, according to live streaming data of the first live source, whether the first live source is in a live streaming state includes:
s301: calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period;
s302: and judging whether the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state or not according to the live broadcast quality.
The judgment of the direct current fluency of the first direct-broadcasting source can utilize the acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the video and/or the audio of the first direct-broadcasting source. The live broadcast quality may be quality of a live broadcast picture in a preset time period, the preset time period may be set according to an actual situation, for example, 5s, 10s, 30s, and the like, and specific numerical values are not limited in the embodiments of the description.
The acquisition frame rate is the frame number of the image acquired by the camera in unit time or the number of audio frames (or media frames) acquired by the microphone in unit time, and the larger the frame rate is, the smoother the image is, and the better the quality of the image is; the smaller the frame rate, the more jerky the picture, and the worse the quality of the picture, and in a live broadcast scene, the capture frame rate of the camera may be 15 frames, and the capture frame of the audio is usually about 100 frames.
The code rate is the number of the compressed pictures or audios displayed in unit time, the higher the code rate is, the higher the definition of the pictures and the sound is, the higher the quality of the video is, the smaller the code rate is, the lower the definition of the pictures and the sound is, the lower the quality of the video is, and the worse the video quality is, for example, in a live broadcast scene, the video code rate can be 900kbps, a sound testing link before broadcasting is started, when the pictures are still, the code rate can be reduced to about 200kpbs, and if the code rate is seriously reduced in the live broadcast process, for example, about 200kpbs is reduced, the pictures can be stuck and jittered, and the watching quality is affected.
In an embodiment of this specification, the calculating, according to the frame rate and the code rate of the first live broadcast source for acquiring video and/or audio within a preset time period, live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source includes:
counting the total times that the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live source are lower than respective threshold values in a preset time period according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live source in the preset time period;
when the total times are lower than preset times, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state in the preset time period;
and when the total times are not lower than preset times, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast unsmooth state in the preset time period.
It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present specification, whether the first live broadcast source is in a fluent state in a preset time period is determined according to the change conditions of the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the bitrate in the preset time period, where a sum of a number of times that the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate is lower than a corresponding threshold and a number of times that the video and/or audio bitrate is lower than a corresponding threshold is taken as a total number, and the total number is compared with the preset number, and when the total number exceeds the preset number, it is indicated that the live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source changes a large number of times in the preset time period, so that the live broadcast stream is not smooth, and therefore the live broadcast quality in the preset time period is poor.
For example, the preset time period is 10s, and the acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the video are taken as an example, and the acquisition frame rate (unit: frame) obtained in the preset time period is as follows: 12. 15, 13, 18, 20, 7, 10, 15, 13, 14; the collected code rate (unit: kbps) is: 880. 860, 930, 430, 180, 230, 750, 150, 400, 1020; the threshold value set for the acquisition frame rate is 14, the threshold value set for the code rate is 300, the number of times that the actual acquisition frame rate is lower than the threshold value in a preset time period is 5, the number of times that the actual code rate is lower than the threshold value is 3, and the total number of times is 8, wherein the set preset number of times is 7, and the total number of times exceeds the preset number of times, it can be determined that the first direct broadcast source is in a direct broadcast unsmooth state in the preset time period.
The above steps are to determine the number of times that the acquisition frame rate or the code rate does not meet the requirement in a preset time period by comparing the specific acquired data with the corresponding threshold value, so as to determine the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source, and thus, the live broadcast smoothness state can be determined through the true value of the data.
In some other embodiments, the live streaming smoothness state may also be determined by a change degree of data, and optionally, calculating live streaming quality of the first live streaming source according to a video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and a bit rate of the first live streaming source in a preset time period, further includes:
calculating to obtain a stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate and a stability coefficient of the code rate in a preset time period according to the acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the video and/or the audio of the first live broadcast source in the preset time period;
judging whether the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value or not and whether the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value or not;
if the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value and the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state in a preset time period;
and if the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is not lower than a first threshold value or the stability coefficient of the code rate is not lower than a second threshold value, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast unsmooth state in a preset time period.
It may be understood that the stability coefficient may be a change degree of an acquisition frame rate and a code rate of the video and/or audio in a preset time period of the first live broadcast source, and a larger stability coefficient indicates that the change degree is larger, which represents that the acquisition frame rate or the code rate of the video and/or audio is unstable in the preset time period, and presents a larger change degree, thereby indicating that the live broadcast quality is poor.
According to the method, by simultaneously judging the acquisition frame rate and the code rate, when one of the acquisition frame rate and the code rate does not meet the requirement, the first live broadcast source can be determined to be in a live broadcast fluent state in a preset time period, and only when both the acquisition frame rate and the code rate meet the requirement (namely the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value and the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value), the first live broadcast source can be determined to be in the live broadcast fluent state in the preset time period, wherein the first threshold value and the second threshold value are set according to actual conditions, and are not limited in the embodiment of the specification.
The step determines whether the data are stable in a preset time period or not through the variation degree of the real-time data, when the stability coefficient is larger, the fluctuation of the acquired data (the acquisition frame rate or the code rate) in the preset time period is larger, so that an unstable live broadcast picture can be watched at the user side, and the poor live broadcast quality is caused.
When live broadcast source switching is required, optionally, as shown in fig. 5, when live broadcast of the first live broadcast source is not smooth, updating a live broadcast stream data pull address of the user end according to an address of a stream pull server corresponding to the second live broadcast source, so that the user end watches live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source, including:
s401: when the live broadcast is not smooth, acquiring address information of a pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source and a content distribution protocol of the first live broadcast source;
s402: and adjusting the content distribution protocol according to the address information of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live source and the content distribution protocol of the first live source so as to update the pull address of the live stream data of the user side.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present specification, by adjusting the content distribution protocol of the first live source and matching the adjusted content distribution protocol with the second live source, the user side can pull live streaming data in the stream pulling server corresponding to the second live source, thereby implementing non-inductive switching of a stream pulling channel at the user side and ensuring the fluency and stability of live streaming.
In this embodiment of the present description, adjusting, according to address information of a streaming server corresponding to the second live source and a content distribution protocol of the first live source, the content distribution protocol to update a pull address of live streaming data of the user end includes:
acquiring a pulled website position and a pulled website parameter in a content distribution protocol of the first direct-broadcast source;
and replacing the pulled website parameter according to the address information of the pull streaming server corresponding to the second live source and the pulled website position to obtain a content distribution protocol of the second live source, so that the user end obtains live streaming data of the second live source according to the content distribution protocol of the second live source.
The change of the user side pull channel can be quickly realized by replacing the pull website in the content distribution protocol, the change of other configuration environments can be included during actual change, optionally, the change can be automatically executed through a preset script, and when the live source needs to be switched, the corresponding script is directly triggered, so that the automatic change of the content distribution protocol and other configuration environments is realized, and the live source switching efficiency is improved.
In an embodiment of the present specification, the method further comprises:
after anchor live broadcasting is finished, acquiring live broadcasting stream data of the first live broadcasting source and the second live broadcasting source;
acquiring effective live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source according to the live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source and the switching time of the second live broadcast source;
and merging the effective live streaming data of the first live source and the second live source so as to enable a user to obtain a complete live file.
It can be understood that, in order to enable a student to repeatedly learn live courses after live broadcasting, merging the live broadcast files before and after switching is further required to obtain a complete live broadcast file, and during specific merging, the integrity of the effective data in the first live broadcast source and the effective data in the second live broadcast source can be obtained, the integrity can be judged by live broadcast time or the size of the file, the determination that live broadcast time is long or the size of the file is large is determined to be high, then the file with high data integrity is taken as a main part, and the file with low data integrity is taken as an auxiliary part to merge and repair the live broadcast files, so that the complete live broadcast file is obtained, and the repair process can include merging of video pictures and merging of audio.
According to the live video switching method provided by the embodiment of the specification, the live broadcast can be taken over through the second live broadcast source when the live broadcast of the first live broadcast source is not smooth through setting the double live broadcast sources, so that the live broadcast smoothness and stability caused by faults of the first live broadcast source are avoided, a live broadcast reconstruction room is not needed through building a parallel live broadcast platform in advance, a user does not need to enter the live broadcast room again, and the user experience is improved.
As shown in fig. 6, for the operation system of the live video switching method provided in this specification, two independent live broadcast sources are provided, each set of live broadcast source has an independent data transmission channel, thereby avoiding mutual influence between the two live broadcast sources, ensuring that the two sets of live broadcast sources have independent fluency, and the two live broadcast sources are in a parallel live broadcast state.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of this specification further provides a live video switching apparatus, as shown in fig. 7, the apparatus includes:
a live streaming data obtaining module 100, configured to obtain live streaming data of a first live source in real time, where the live streaming data includes video streaming data and/or audio streaming data;
the judging module 200 is configured to judge whether the first live source is in a live streaming smooth state according to live streaming data of the first live source;
the switching module 300, when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, updates the live broadcast stream data pull address of the user terminal according to the address of the pull server corresponding to the second live broadcast source, so that the user terminal can watch the live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source.
The beneficial effects obtained by the above device are consistent with those obtained by the above method, and the embodiments of the present description are not repeated.
As shown in fig. 8, for a computer device provided in this embodiment, an apparatus herein may be a computer device in this embodiment, and perform the method herein, the computer device 802 may include one or more processors 804, such as one or more Central Processing Units (CPUs), each of which may implement one or more hardware threads. The computer device 802 may also include any memory 806 for storing any kind of information, such as code, settings, data, etc. For example, and without limitation, memory 806 may include any one or more of the following in combination: any type of RAM, any type of ROM, flash memory devices, hard disks, optical disks, etc. More generally, any memory may use any technology to store information. Further, any memory may provide volatile or non-volatile retention of information. Further, any memory may represent fixed or removable components of computer device 802. In one case, when the processor 804 executes the associated instructions, which are stored in any memory or combination of memories, the computer device 802 can perform any of the operations of the associated instructions. The computer device 802 also includes one or more drive mechanisms 808, such as a hard disk drive mechanism, an optical disk drive mechanism, etc., for interacting with any memory.
Corresponding to the methods in fig. 2-5, the embodiments herein also provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the above-described method.
Embodiments herein also provide computer readable instructions, wherein when executed by a processor, a program thereof causes the processor to perform the method as shown in fig. 2-5.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments herein, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments herein.
It should also be understood that, in the embodiments herein, the term "and/or" is only one kind of association relation describing an associated object, meaning that three kinds of relations may exist. For example, a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the examples have been described in a functional general in the foregoing description for the purpose of illustrating clearly the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided herein, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be an electric, mechanical or other form of connection.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purposes of the embodiments herein.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments herein may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be implemented in a form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The principles and embodiments of this document are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to aid in understanding the methods and their core concepts; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of this document, there may be changes in the concrete implementation and the application scope, in summary, this description should not be understood as the limitation of this document.
Claims (13)
1. A live video switching method is characterized in that the live video switching method is applied to a first live source and a second live source of parallel live broadcasting, the first live source and the second live source are provided with a corresponding push streaming server and a pull streaming server, when the first live source is in a live broadcasting state, the second live source is in a live broadcasting activation state, the live broadcasting activation state comprises the steps of collecting anchor videos and audios in real time, enabling a live broadcasting operation area to have no courseware content, and pushing the collected live streaming data of the second live source to the push streaming server corresponding to the second live source, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring live streaming data of a first live source in real time, wherein the live streaming data comprises video streaming data and/or audio streaming data;
judging whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not according to live streaming data of the first live source;
and when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, updating the live broadcast stream data pull address of the user side according to the address of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source so that the user side can watch the live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and when the live broadcasting is not smooth in the first live broadcasting source, sending a live broadcasting switching signal to the anchor broadcast so that the anchor broadcast carries out live broadcasting teaching through the operation area of the second live broadcasting source.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein when live broadcasting is not smooth in the first live broadcasting source, sending a live broadcasting switching signal to the anchor to enable the anchor to perform live broadcasting teaching through an operation area of a second live broadcasting source comprises:
and when the live broadcast is not smooth, sending a live broadcast source adjusting signal to the anchor broadcast so that the anchor broadcast adjusts the live broadcast visual angle, and the adjusted visual angle is consistent with the operation visual angle of the second live broadcast source.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein sending a live broadcast switching signal to the anchor when live broadcast unsmooth occurs in the first live broadcast source, so that the anchor performs live broadcast lectures through an operation area of the second live broadcast source further comprises:
when the live broadcast is not smooth, acquiring current page information of courseware in an operation area of the first live broadcast source;
copying courseware in the operating area of the first live source to the operating area of the second live source;
and updating the courseware in the operating area of the second live source to a corresponding page according to the current page information of the courseware in the operating area of the first live source, so that the anchor carries out live teaching through the courseware in the operating area of the second live source.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the first live source is in a live streaming state according to live streaming data of the first live source comprises:
calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period;
and judging whether the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state or not according to the live broadcast quality.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the frame rate and the bitrate of video and/or audio acquisition of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period comprises:
counting the total times that the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live source are lower than respective threshold values in a preset time period according to the video and/or audio acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the first live source in the preset time period;
when the total times are lower than preset times, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state in the preset time period;
and when the total times are not lower than preset times, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast unsmooth state in the preset time period.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the calculating the live broadcast quality of the first live broadcast source according to the frame rate and the bitrate of video and/or audio acquisition of the first live broadcast source in a preset time period further comprises:
calculating to obtain a stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate and a stability coefficient of the code rate in a preset time period according to the acquisition frame rate and the code rate of the video and/or the audio of the first live broadcast source in the preset time period;
judging whether the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value or not and whether the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value or not;
if the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is lower than a first threshold value and the stability coefficient of the code rate is lower than a second threshold value, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast smooth state in a preset time period;
and if the stability coefficient of the acquisition frame rate is not lower than a first threshold value or the stability coefficient of the code rate is not lower than a second threshold value, determining that the first live broadcast source is in a live broadcast unsmooth state in a preset time period.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein when live broadcast is not smooth in the first live broadcast source, updating a live broadcast stream data pull address of the user end according to an address of a pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source, so that the user end can watch live broadcast content through the second live broadcast source, includes:
when the live broadcast is not smooth, acquiring address information of a pull stream server corresponding to the second live broadcast source and a content distribution protocol of the first live broadcast source;
and adjusting the content distribution protocol according to the address information of the pull stream server corresponding to the second live source and the content distribution protocol of the first live source so as to update the pull address of the live stream data of the user side.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein adjusting the content distribution protocol according to the address information of the pull streaming server corresponding to the second live source and the content distribution protocol of the first live source to update the pull address of the live streaming data of the user end comprises:
acquiring a pulled website position and a pulled website parameter in a content distribution protocol of the first direct-broadcast source;
and replacing the pulled website parameter according to the address information of the pull streaming server corresponding to the second live source and the pulled website position to obtain a content distribution protocol of the second live source, so that the user end obtains live streaming data of the second live source according to the content distribution protocol of the second live source.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after anchor live broadcasting is finished, acquiring live broadcasting stream data of the first live broadcasting source and the second live broadcasting source;
acquiring effective live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source according to the live broadcast stream data of the first live broadcast source and the second live broadcast source and the switching time of the second live broadcast source;
and merging the effective live streaming data of the first live source and the second live source so as to enable a user to obtain a complete live file.
11. A live video switching apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the live streaming data acquisition module is used for acquiring live streaming data of a first live source in real time, wherein the live streaming data comprises video streaming data and/or audio streaming data;
the judging module is used for judging whether the first live source is in a live smooth state or not according to live streaming data of the first live source;
and the switching module updates the live streaming data pull address of the user side according to the address of the pull server corresponding to the second live source when the live broadcast is not smooth in the first live source so that the user side can watch live content through the second live source.
12. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method according to any of claims 1 to 10 when executing the computer program.
13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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