CN113720484B - Attosecond precision timing detection device and method based on linear optical effect - Google Patents
Attosecond precision timing detection device and method based on linear optical effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an attosecond precision timing detection device and method based on linear optical effect, the method comprises the following steps: introducing a radio frequency offset frequency into an optical pulse signal of input light, and introducing a timing error to be measured into the optical pulse signal introduced with the radio frequency offset frequency; mutually coupling the original optical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal which introduces timing error; the coupled output optical pulse signals are converted into electric signals, the electric signals are represented as an electric pulse sequence in a time domain, the electric pulse sequence comprises radio frequency offset frequency signals, and the radio frequency offset frequency signals are extracted through a band-pass filter; extracting an envelope signal of the radio frequency offset frequency signal, wherein the envelope signal contains timing information to be measured; the relation curve between the timing information introduced by the timing device to be measured and the final output voltage of the detection device can be obtained by recording the envelope signal voltage values under different delays in real time, so that the process of timing calibration is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast optics, in particular to an attosecond precision timing detection method and a balancing device based on a linear optical effect.
Background
High precision timing detection devices are considered a key component in many leading edge applications. For example, in next-generation photonic large scientific engineering such as X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), timing stabilization and distribution of fiber links, remote laser/microwave synchronization, and pump detection experiments all require high-precision timing detection in order to achieve scientific goals of sub-atomic-level spatial-temporal resolution. In addition, recently, high-precision timing detection plays a key role in the fields of large astronomical telescope arrays, strain sensing, movable optical clocks, flight time detection, high-power pulse coherent synthesis, ultra-short light pulse synthesis, soliton characterization and the like. In general, passively mode-locked solid state lasers exhibit extremely low timing jitter at high frequency components (e.g., >100kHz), which makes them ideal sources for timing detection. Over the past 20 years, a variety of mode-locked laser based timing detection techniques have been proposed in succession. Originally, this approach was severely limited by amplitude-phase conversion noise (caused by photogenerated carriers, carrier scattering, energy-dependent space charge effects, etc.) by sending the laser output to a photodetector to directly detect the timing information. To overcome this problem, a Balanced optical cross-correlation (BOC) scheme has been proposed. Due to its simplicity, long-term stability, and immunity to amplitude-phase inversion noise, this technique is widely used in today's considerable high precision timing measurements and applications. However, since the BOC scheme is based on nonlinear optical effects, it generally does not provide sufficient timing resolution when the input average optical power is below 1 mW. More recently, a linear timing detection scheme based on heterodyne technology has been reported that is likely to operate at lower optical power levels, but at the expense of more expensive cost and complex experimental setup compared to the BOC scheme. Thus, to date, there has not been a simple, reliable timing detector that can operate at low input optical power.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides an attosecond precision timing detection device and method based on a linear optical effect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an attosecond precision timing detection device based on a linear optical effect comprises a laser source and a modulation unit, an optical coupling unit, a photoelectric conversion unit, a filtering unit, a detection unit and a difference operation unit which are sequentially arranged, wherein the laser source and the modulation unit comprise a laser source and an optical modulation device, and the optical coupling unit comprises a first coupling pretreatment device, a second coupling pretreatment device, a third coupling pretreatment device, a first coupler, a second coupler and a third coupler; the photoelectric conversion unit includes a first photodetector and a second photodetector; the filtering unit comprises a first band-pass filter and a second band-pass filter, and the detecting unit comprises a first detecting device and a second detecting device;
the laser source and the modulation unit output zero-order diffraction light and first-order diffraction light; the carrier frequency of the first-order diffraction light obtains the frequency offset of the radio frequency signal, and the zero-order diffraction light keeps the original pulse state unchanged; the first-order diffracted light passes through the timing device to be measured and then is sequentially transmitted to the second coupling pretreatment device and the second coupler, the zero-order diffracted light passes through the light splitting device and then is equally divided into two paths of zero-order diffracted light, wherein one path of zero-order diffracted light is sequentially transmitted to the first coupling pretreatment device and the first coupler; the other path of zero-order diffracted light is sequentially transmitted to a third coupling pretreatment device and a third coupler;
the first-order diffracted light is equally divided into two paths of first-order diffracted light after passing through a second coupler, one path of first-order diffracted light output by the second coupler and the zero-order diffracted light output by the first coupling preprocessing device are coupled through the first coupler and then are sequentially transmitted to the first photoelectric detector, the first band-pass filter, the first detection device and the difference operation unit; the other path of first-order diffracted light output by the second coupler and the zero-order diffracted light output by the third coupling preprocessing device are coupled by the third coupler and then are sequentially transmitted to the second photoelectric detector, the second band-pass filter, the second detection device and the difference operation unit; and finally, outputting a detection result through a differential operation unit.
Furthermore, the light splitting processing device is composed of a half-wave plate, a polarization light splitting prism, a quarter-wave plate, a silver mirror and a manual translation stage, wherein the half-wave plate and the polarization light splitting prism are sequentially arranged, the quarter-wave plate and the silver mirror are sequentially arranged on one side of the polarization light splitting prism, and the silver mirror is arranged on the manual translation stage.
Furthermore, the half-wave plate, the polarization beam splitter prism, the quarter-wave plate and the silver mirror are used for splitting the zero-order diffracted light into two beams, and the manual translation stage is used for adjusting the optical paths of the two beams of zero-order diffracted light to obtain the required retardation difference.
Further, the timing device to be measured is one of a delay line, a piezoelectric device, a translation stage and a light-transmitting medium disturbed by physical effects.
Furthermore, the first coupling preprocessing device, the second coupling preprocessing device and the third coupling preprocessing device are all used for adjusting the polarization direction of the optical signal and guiding the optical signal into the input port of the corresponding coupler, and all the first coupling preprocessing device, the second coupling preprocessing device and the third coupling preprocessing device are composed of a half-wave plate and an optical collimator which are arranged in sequence.
Furthermore, the first detection device and the second detection device are both composed of a low-noise radio-frequency amplifier and a zero-bias Schottky diode which are sequentially arranged.
Further, the optical modulation device is one of an acousto-optic modulator, an electro-optic modulator, a magneto-optic modulator and an integrated optoelectronic modulator, and is used for modulating an incident light source.
The invention also provides an attosecond precision timing detection method based on the linear optical effect, which comprises the following steps:
step 3, converting the coupled output optical pulse signals into electric signals, representing the electric signals as an electric pulse sequence in a time domain, wherein the electric pulse sequence comprises radio frequency offset frequency signals, and extracting the radio frequency offset frequency signals through a band-pass filter;
Wherein, the electric field time domain expression E (t) of the optical pulse signal of the input light in the step 1 is
Where t is time, k is the number of optical pulses, j is the unit of an imaginary number, A (t) is the envelope of the incoming optical pulses, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier, T is the repetition period of the optical pulse sequence; v of step 4DetectionThe following relationship is satisfied:
where α is a parameter relating to the nonlinear characteristic of the detector, n is the number of Fourier series, and AnFourier series of the original light pulse sequence, BnFor the fourier series of the optical pulse sequence after introducing the radio frequency offset frequency,
is BnConjugation of (1); Δ t is the timing error.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the most popular balance optical cross-correlation timing detector at present is based on the nonlinear optical effect, the optical nonlinear effect needs higher input optical power, and the timing detection method provided by the invention is based on the linear optical effect, and the timing precision of attosecond order can be achieved only by input optical power of milliwatt order.
(2) With the reduction of the input power, the attenuation speed of the nonlinear optical effect is far faster than that of the linear optical effect, so the lower the input power is, the more obvious the advantages of the timing detection method provided by the invention relative to a balanced optical cross-correlation timing detector are. When the input optical power is 1 milliwatt, the detection noise floor of the timing detection method provided by the invention is 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of a balanced optical cross-correlation timing detector; when the input optical power is 1 microwatt, the detection noise floor of the timing detection method provided by the invention is 12 orders of magnitude lower than that of a balanced optical cross-correlation timing detector.
(3) Compared with the heterodyne timing detector based on the linear optical effect, the timing method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple instrument, easiness in installation, lower cost and the like, can finish the timing detection function of attosecond precision by only one optical modulation device and a plurality of couplers, and is more convenient for integration.
(4) The final output voltage of the invention does not carry optical phase factor component, and the dispersion effect of the optical pulse accumulation in the transmission process is AnAnd with
The multiplication operations are cancelled out, so the requirement of the balanced detector on the pulse width (peak power) of the input pulse is not strict, and the timing precision of the detector can be kept unchanged as long as two paths of input light pulses have the same dispersion.
(5) The invention adopts a balance detection framework: the zero-order and first-order diffracted lights output by the light modulation device are respectively divided into two paths, wherein the relative time delay of the two paths of the zero-order diffracted lights is TDThe split zero-order and first-order diffracted lights are coupled in two couplers, then two detection voltages are obtained through the same photoelectric detection device, and finally the final output of the balanced timing detector is obtained through a differential operation unit. By selecting the appropriate TDThe balanced timing detector can obtain the maximum timing detection sensitivity. The balance architecture is combined with the method provided by the invention, and experiments prove that the interference such as environmental noise, laser intensity noise and the like can be effectively inhibited, the maximum inhibition ratio reaches 60dB, and thus, a lower measurement noise substrate is obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a timing detection method based on linear optical effect according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an attosecond precision timing detection device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an attosecond-precision timing detection device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a timing characteristic curve obtained by experimental measurement, in which the abscissa represents the timing error Δ t, and the ordinate represents the final differential output voltage V, where V is G (V)Detection 1-VDetection 2) And G is the amplification factor of the differential operation unit.
Fig. 5 is a graph of experimentally measured power spectral density of timing jitter and timing jitter integration.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The schematic diagram of the timing detection method based on the linear optical effect is shown in fig. 1, and the timing detection system comprises an optical modulation device, a timing device to be measured, a coupling preprocessing device, an optical fiber coupler, a photoelectric detector, a band-pass filter and a detection device. The light modulation device is an acousto-optic modulator. The optical modulation device takes an incident optical signal as a modulated signal, and outputs an optical signal to obtain the frequency offset of the radio frequency modulation signal under the driving of the radio frequency signal. The coupling preprocessing device is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the optical signal and guiding the optical signal in the free space to the input port of the designated coupler. The optical fiber coupler is a 50: 502 x 2 coupler and is used for coupling optical signals in 2 optical fibers and outputting two optical signals with the same optical power at an output end. The timing device to be measured is a delay line, a piezoelectric device or a translation stage capable of introducing tiny timing jitter, and can also be a light-transmitting medium disturbed by some physical effect. The timing device to be measured introduces errors in the optical path length that the detector needs to measure, i.e. timing errors. The detector is a zero-bias Schottky diode (a preamplifier is added if necessary) and plays a role in detecting the envelope.
As shown in fig. 2, the attosecond precision timing detection apparatus based on the linear optical effect provided in this embodiment includes a laser source and a modulation unit, an optical coupling unit, a photoelectric detection apparatus and a differential operation unit, which are sequentially arranged, where the laser source and the modulation unit include a laser source and an optical modulation device 1, and the optical coupling unit includes a first coupling pretreatment apparatus 3, a second coupling pretreatment apparatus 4, a third coupling pretreatment apparatus 5, a first coupler 7, a second coupler 6, and a third coupler 8; the photoelectric detection device comprises a photoelectric conversion unit, a filtering unit and a detection unit; the photoelectric conversion unit includes a first photodetector 9 and a second photodetector 10; the filtering unit comprises a first band-pass filter 11 and a second band-pass filter 12, and the detecting unit comprises a first detecting device 13 and a second detecting device 14;
the laser source and the modulation unit output zero-order diffraction light and first-order diffraction light; the carrier frequency of the first-order diffraction light obtains the frequency offset of the radio frequency signal, and the zero-order diffraction light keeps the original pulse state unchanged; the first-order diffracted light passes through the timing device 2 to be measured and then is sequentially transmitted to the second coupling pretreatment device 4 and the second coupler 6, the zero-order diffracted light passes through the light splitting device 16 and then is equally divided into two paths of zero-order diffracted light, wherein one path of zero-order diffracted light is sequentially transmitted to the first coupling pretreatment device 3 and the first coupler 7; the other path of zero-order diffracted light is sequentially transmitted to a third coupling pretreatment device 5 and a third coupler 8;
the first-order diffracted light is equally divided into two paths of first-order diffracted light after passing through the second coupler 6, one path of first-order diffracted light output by the second coupler 6 is coupled with the zero-order diffracted light output by the first coupling pretreatment device through the first coupler 7 and then is sequentially transmitted to the first photoelectric detector 9, the first band-pass filter 11, the first detection device 13 and the differential operation unit 15; the other path of first-order diffracted light output by the second coupler 6 and the zero-order diffracted light output by the third coupling preprocessing device 5 are coupled by the third coupler 8 and then are sequentially transmitted to the second photoelectric detector 10, the second band-pass filter 12, the second detection device 14 and the difference operation unit 15; the detection result is finally output by the differential operation unit 15. The optical signals output by the first coupler 7 and the third coupler 8 are detected by the photodetector and converted into electrical signals. The electrical signal is passed through a band pass filter leaving only the radio frequency offset frequency component and detection means are provided for detecting the envelope of the radio frequency offset signal. And acquiring voltage signals output under different delays in real time by using a data acquisition device, wherein the voltage signals contain all timing information to be measured.
The laser source is used for generating a laser signal as an incident light source of the whole device; the optical modulation device 1 is used for introducing radio frequency offset frequency to an optical signal, and can be realized through the modulation action of modulation devices such as an acousto-optic modulator, an electro-optic modulator, a magneto-optic modulator, an integrated optoelectronic modulator and the like.
The differential operation unit embodies the main characteristics of a balanced architecture, two timing links are symmetrically arranged in an experiment, because environmental noise, intensity noise of a laser and the like received by two signals in the transmission process are the same, the noises can be greatly suppressed theoretically after differential operation, and partial noise components can even be completely suppressed.
The optical signal output by the laser source is incident into the optical modulation unit, the modulated optical signal enters the beam splitter to be divided into two beams after passing through the timing unit to be measured, and the two beams of light split from the modulated optical signal are respectively optically coupled with the two beams of light split from the original optical signal. In order to realize a balanced architecture, each coupled and output optical signal adopts a symmetrical processing mode, and finally two paths of voltage signals are obtained as two inputs of a differential operation unit after sequentially passing through a photoelectric conversion unit, a filtering unit and a detection unit.
The attosecond precision timing detection method based on the timing detection device comprises the following steps:
step 3, converting the coupled output optical pulse signals into electric signals, representing the electric signals as an electric pulse sequence in a time domain, wherein the electric pulse sequence comprises radio frequency offset frequency signals, and extracting the radio frequency offset frequency signals through a band-pass filter;
Wherein the electric field time domain expression E (t) of the optical pulse signal of the input light is
Where t is time, k is the number of optical pulses, j is the unit of an imaginary number, A (t) is the envelope of the incoming optical pulses, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier and T is the repetition period of the optical pulse train.
Zero-order diffraction light E output after modulation by the light modulation device0And first order diffracted light E1Respectively is as follows
Wherein f isrep1/T is the repetition frequency of the pulse sequence, Δ T is the timing error introduced by the timing device to be measured, n is the number of the Fourier series, AnAnd BnFourier series of zero order diffraction light and first order diffraction light pulse sequence envelopes respectively, and satisfies
ωRFIs the angular frequency of the rf drive signal.
The output light field intensity I (t, Δ t) of the coupler satisfies the following relationship
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
electric field intensity E of zero-order diffraction light signal0The conjugate of (a) to (b),
electric field intensity E of optical pulse signal as first-order diffracted light1Conjugation of (1).
Output voltage V of filterBPFThe following relationship is satisfied:
VBPF∝Xcos[θ+ωRFt-(ω0+ωRF)Δt]
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
voltage signal V outputted after detection by detectorDetectionThe following relationship is satisfied:
where α is a parameter related to the non-linear characteristic of the detection means.
In order to eliminate the influence of environmental noise, laser intensity noise, and the like on the experimental measurement result, the present embodiment adopts the architecture of the balanced detection shown in fig. 2. The zero-order and first-order diffracted lights output by the light modulation device are respectively divided into two paths, wherein the relative time delay of the two paths of the zero-order diffracted lights is TDThe split zero-order and first-order diffracted lights are coupled in two optical fiber couplers, then two detection voltages are obtained through the same photoelectric detection device (a photoelectric detector, a band-pass filter and a detection device), and finally the final output of the balanced timing detector is obtained through a difference operation unit. By selecting the appropriate TDThe balanced timing detector can obtain the maximum timing detection sensitivity.
More specifically, the embodiment also provides a diagram of a balanced timing detection device based on the attosecond precision of the linear optical effect in an experiment, as shown in fig. 3, the experimental device includes the following instruments and devices: an acousto-optic modulator, a timing device 2 to be measured composed of an electric translation stage 21 and a retroreflector 22, a first coupling preprocessing device 3 composed of a half-wave plate 23 and an optical collimator 24, and a set of the half-wave plate 25 and the optical collimator 26The second coupling pretreatment device 4, a third coupling pretreatment device 5 consisting of a half-wave plate 27 and an optical collimator 28, a 3dB second coupler 6, a first coupler 7, a third coupler 8, a first photoelectric detector 9, a second photoelectric detector 10, a first band-pass filter 11 and a second band-pass filter 12; a first detector 13 composed of a low-noise rf amplifier 17 and a zero-bias schottky diode 18, a second detector 14 composed of a low-noise rf amplifier 19 and a zero-bias schottky diode 20, a very low-noise differential amplifier 15; the zero-order diffraction light beam splitting processing device 16 comprises a half-wave plate 29, a polarization beam splitting prism 30, a quarter-wave plate 31, a silver mirror 32 and a manual translation stage 33, a mode-locked laser 34, a microwave source 35, a radio frequency amplifier 36, a half-wave plate 37, silver mirrors 38, 39 and 40, a signal source analyzer 41, a data acquisition card 42 and a computer 43. The half-wave plate 29, the polarization beam splitter prism 30, the quarter-wave plate 31 and the silver mirror 32 are used for splitting the zero-order diffracted light into two beams, and the manual translation stage 33 is used for adjusting the optical paths of the two beams of zero-order diffracted light to obtain the required retardation difference TD。
Wherein the output of the mode-locked laser 34 is a laser pulse sequence with a center wavelength of 1555nm, a repetition frequency of 216.667MHz and a pulse width of 170 fs.
The microwave source 35 outputs a sinusoidal signal having a frequency of 80MHz and a voltage having an effective value of 200 mV.
The photodetectors in this embodiment all employ Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), which have the following parameters: the equivalent noise power is 2pW/√ Hz, the responsivity is 0.9A/W, the transconductance gain is 50V/A, and the 3dB bandwidth is 100 MHz. The center frequency of the band-pass filter is 80 MHz.
The specific timing calibration process is as follows: the radio frequency signal output by the microwave source is amplified to 3W by the amplifier and then used for driving the acousto-optic modulator, the laser pulse output by the mode-locked laser enters the optical modulation device as incident light, and the zero-order diffraction light and the first-order diffraction light are output after the modulation action of the acousto-optic modulator. The zero-order light output by the acousto-optic modulator is the same as the incident light signal, the output first-order light is modulated by the radio frequency signal, and the frequency offset of the radio frequency signal is obtained by the optical carrier frequency. The angle or the polarization state of incident light of the acousto-optic modulator is adjusted, so that the output zero-order light and the first-order light have the same optical power. The retroreflection mirror is fixed on the electric translation table, first-order diffraction light enters the collimator through a half-wave plate after being reflected by the retroreflection mirror, the collimator couples light pulses in a free space into the optical fiber for continuous transmission, and then the first-order diffraction light in the optical fiber enters the 3dB coupler to be divided into two parts with the same power and recorded as first-order diffraction light A and first-order diffraction light B. The zero-order diffraction light is divided into two beams of light with orthogonal polarization after passing through the polarization beam splitting prism and is marked as zero-order diffraction light C and D, wherein one beam of zero-order diffraction light C enters the 3dB coupler together with the first-order diffraction light A after being collimated by the collimator, the other beam of zero-order diffraction light D passes through the quarter wave plate, is reflected by the silver mirror fixed on the manual translation stage and then returns to the polarization beam splitting prism, passes through the polarization beam splitting prism and then enters the collimator after passing through the half wave plate, and then enters the 3dB coupler together with the first-order diffraction light B. To achieve a balanced architecture, the optical signals output by the two couplers are processed in a completely symmetrical way. Firstly, an optical signal enters an avalanche photodiode, the optical signal is converted into an electric signal, the electric signal enters a zero-bias Schottky diode after passing through a band-pass filter and a low-noise amplifier, and two paths of signals detected by the zero-bias Schottky diode are used as two inputs of a differential amplifier. The avalanche photodiode was chosen for use in the experiment to have an incident optical power of 1 milliwatt.
And during timing calibration, the computer is used for controlling the electric translation stage to perform micro displacement, and the acquisition card acquires voltage signals output by the differential amplifier in real time and stores the voltage signals in the computer for subsequent data processing. And measuring the output voltage of the differential amplifier by using a signal source analyzer to obtain the noise substrate measured at this time.
The resulting plotted timing characteristics are s-shaped, as shown in FIG. 4. Where the abscissa is the timing error Δ t and the ordinate is the final differential output voltage V, V ═ G (V)Detection 1-VDetection 2) And G is the amplification factor of the differential operation unit. The curve shows that the maximum sensitivity of the timing detector designed by the embodiment is 43.537mV/fs, and the maximum sensitivity is measured at the positionNoise floor, the timing jitter power spectral density and the timing jitter integral curve are plotted, as shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the minimum timing jitter base obtained by the measurement is about 1 × 10-10fs2the/Hz, which approaches the shot noise limit, is only about 10dB higher than the theoretically calculated quantum limit. The balance detection framework adopted by the detection device enables the noise of the external environment and the intensity noise of the laser to be well inhibited, the timing jitter after integration from 1Hz to 1MHz is only 26.57as, and the timing measurement range in the timing characteristic curve is about 500fs, which is equivalent to the detection dynamic range of 85 dB.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The attosecond precision timing detection device based on the linear optical effect is characterized by comprising a laser source, a modulation unit, an optical coupling unit, a photoelectric conversion unit, a filtering unit, a detection unit and a difference operation unit which are sequentially arranged, wherein the laser source and the modulation unit comprise a laser source and an optical modulation device, and the optical coupling unit comprises a first coupling pretreatment device, a second coupling pretreatment device, a third coupling pretreatment device, a first coupler, a second coupler and a third coupler; the photoelectric conversion unit includes a first photodetector and a second photodetector; the filtering unit comprises a first band-pass filter and a second band-pass filter, and the detecting unit comprises a first detecting device and a second detecting device;
the laser source and the modulation unit output zero-order diffraction light and first-order diffraction light; the carrier frequency of the first-order diffraction light obtains the frequency offset of the radio frequency signal, and the zero-order diffraction light keeps the original pulse state unchanged; the first-order diffracted light passes through the timing device to be measured and then is sequentially transmitted to the second coupling pretreatment device and the second coupler, the zero-order diffracted light is equally divided into two paths of zero-order diffracted light with specified optical path difference after passing through the light splitting treatment device, wherein one path of zero-order diffracted light is sequentially transmitted to the first coupling pretreatment device and the first coupler; the other path of zero-order diffracted light is sequentially transmitted to a third coupling pretreatment device and a third coupler;
the first-order diffracted light is equally divided into two paths of first-order diffracted light after passing through a second coupler, one path of first-order diffracted light output by the second coupler and the zero-order diffracted light output by the first coupling preprocessing device are coupled through the first coupler and then are sequentially transmitted to the first photoelectric detector, the first band-pass filter, the first detection device and the difference operation unit; the other path of first-order diffracted light output by the second coupler and the zero-order diffracted light output by the third coupling preprocessing device are coupled by the third coupler and then are sequentially transmitted to the second photoelectric detector, the second band-pass filter, the second detection device and the difference operation unit; and finally, outputting a detection result through a differential operation unit.
2. The attosecond precision timing detection device based on the linear optical effect as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the beam splitting processing device is composed of a half-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a quarter-wave plate, a silver mirror and a manual translation stage, wherein the half-wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism are arranged in sequence, the quarter-wave plate and the silver mirror are arranged on one side of the polarization beam splitter prism in sequence, and the silver mirror is arranged on the manual translation stage.
3. The attosecond precision timing detection device based on linear optical effect as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a half-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a quarter-wave plate and a silver mirror are used to split the zero-order diffracted light into two beams, and a manual translation stage is used to adjust the optical paths of the two beams of zero-order diffracted light to obtain the required retardation difference.
4. An attosecond precision timing detection device based on linear optical effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the timing device to be measured is one of a delay line, a piezoelectric device, a translation stage, and a transparent medium disturbed by physical effect.
5. The attosecond precision timing detection device based on the linear optical effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first coupling preprocessing device, the second coupling preprocessing device and the third coupling preprocessing device are all configured to adjust a polarization direction of an optical signal and guide the optical signal to an input port of a corresponding coupler, and each of the first coupling preprocessing device, the second coupling preprocessing device and the third coupling preprocessing device is composed of a half-wave plate and an optical collimator, which are sequentially arranged.
6. An attosecond precision timing detection device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second detector means each comprise a low noise rf amplifier and a zero-bias schottky diode arranged in series.
7. The attosecond precision timing detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical modulation device is one of an acousto-optic modulator, an electro-optic modulator, a magneto-optic modulator, and an integrated optoelectronic modulator for modulating an incident light source.
8. An attosecond precision timing detection method based on a linear optical effect, based on the attosecond precision timing detection device of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, introducing a radio frequency offset frequency into an optical pulse signal of input light, and introducing a timing error to be measured into the optical pulse signal introduced with the radio frequency offset frequency;
step 2, mutually coupling the original optical pulse signal and the optical pulse signal introducing timing error;
step 3, converting the coupled output optical pulse signals into electric signals, representing the electric signals as an electric pulse sequence in a time domain, wherein the electric pulse sequence comprises radio frequency offset frequency signals, and extracting the radio frequency offset frequency signals through a band-pass filter;
step 4, extracting an envelope signal of the radio frequency offset frequency signal, wherein the envelope signal contains timing information to be measured; the relation curve of the timing error and the differential output voltage can be obtained by recording the differential output voltage under different delays in real time, so that the process of timing calibration is completed.
9. The attosecond-precision timing detection method based on the linear optical effect according to claim 8, characterized in that the electric field time domain expression e (t) of the optical pulse signal of the input light in step 1 is
Where t is time, k is the number of optical pulses, j is the unit of an imaginary number, A (t) is the envelope of the incoming optical pulses, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier, T is the repetition period of the optical pulse sequence; the envelope signal voltage value V of step 4DetectionThe following relationship is satisfied:
where α is a parameter relating to the nonlinear characteristic of the detector, n is a Fourier series number, and AnIs Fourier series of the original light pulse sequence, BnFor the fourier series of the optical pulse sequence after introducing the radio frequency offset frequency,
is BnConjugation of (1); Δ t is the timing error.
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