CN112816180A - Optical fiber dispersion measuring method and measuring device - Google Patents
Optical fiber dispersion measuring method and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
- G01M11/33—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face
- G01M11/336—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides with a light emitter being disposed at one fibre or waveguide end-face, and a light receiver at the other end-face by measuring polarization mode dispersion [PMD]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/08—Testing mechanical properties
- G01M11/088—Testing mechanical properties of optical fibres; Mechanical features associated with the optical testing of optical fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber dispersion measurement method, which comprises the steps of taking an optical signal filtered out from a broadband optical signal by an optical bandpass filter as an optical carrier, carrying out intensity modulation on the optical carrier by using a reference microwave signal, and filtering a first-order sideband at one side of the generated intensity-modulated optical signal to obtain detection light; and converting the detection light into an electric signal after passing through the optical fiber to be detected, measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal, calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier. The invention also discloses an optical fiber dispersion measuring device. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of low noise and high power so as to have small interference to the outside.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical device measurement, in particular to an optical fiber dispersion measurement method.
Background
Optical fiber communication is one of the most important wired communication modes in the world by virtue of the advantages of large transmission capacity and good confidentiality, and the main principle of the optical fiber communication is to realize information transmission by utilizing optical fibers, namely optical fibers, for signal transmission. For the whole process of optical fiber communication, the dispersion of the optical fiber is an inherent attribute in the optical fiber communication system, and is inevitable, and the dispersion cannot be ignored with the gradual increase of the system capacity, especially in order to adapt to the development trend of the next generation of high-speed optical fiber communication system. The value of the dispersion of the optical fiber is measured, and more importantly, the compensation of the dispersion is better realized, so that the influence of the dispersion on the system performance is reduced or eliminated, and therefore, the accurate measurement of the dispersion related parameters is very important.
For light with different wavelengths, through the same optical fiber, dispersion phenomenon can occur due to different time delays, pulse broadening occurs, pulse overlapping is caused, signals are superposed again, distortion of transmission signals is caused, and finally intersymbol interference occurs. Fiber dispersion mainly includes chromatic dispersion, polarization dispersion and modal dispersion. Currently, chromatic dispersion has the greatest effect on optical fibers for single mode fibers. The specific reason is because chromatic dispersion increases by a factor of two as the transmission rate increases (see the literature [ seasback. fiber chromatic dispersion measurement prototype development [ D ]. beijing post and telecommunications university, 2019 ]). Modal dispersion exists only in the multimode fiber, and because the multimode fiber can simultaneously exist light of a plurality of modes, the light can be transmitted along different paths in the fiber, the speed components of the light in the axial direction are different, the speed of the light transmitted along the fiber is also different, and thus the light of each mode reaching a receiving end has time delay difference. Polarization dispersion is dispersion caused by a slight asymmetry in the cross-section of the fiber.
There are many methods for measuring fiber dispersion, the three most commonly used methods are: phase shift methods, interference methods, and time delay methods. The phase shift method is to obtain a corresponding phase difference by comparing the phase before a signal is input into an optical fiber with the phase after the signal is output, and then calculate a dispersion value [ sunke ] through the phase difference, the design and implementation of the optical fiber dispersion measuring instrument based on the time delay method [ D ]. beijing post and telecommunications university, 2018 ]. In this way, since the intensity modulator is used to modulate the electrical signal on the optical carrier, sidebands symmetrically located on both sides of the carrier are generated, and further, the phenomenon of power attenuation caused by chromatic dispersion occurs in the optical fiber transmission, which affects the final result. The interference method is a relatively cheap dispersion measurement method, a reference arm and a fiber arm to be measured in the interference method are respectively two arms of a Michelson interferometer and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, intensity information of emergent light interference fringes of the reference arm and the arm to be measured is obtained through changing the length of the reference arm, phase information can be obtained through Fourier transformation of the intensity information of the interference fringes, and then a dispersion value is calculated. Interferometry has many advantages in measuring dispersion, such as lower measurement cost, high resolution of measured dispersion, but also has disadvantages: the measured dispersion is not accurate enough. The time delay method is the simplest method for measuring the optical fiber dispersion, but is easily influenced by other factors, so that the measurement accuracy is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an optical fiber dispersion measurement method, which can accurately measure a single-mode optical fiber and has the advantages of low noise and high power so as to have small external interference.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
an optical fiber dispersion measurement method comprises the steps of using an optical signal filtered from a broadband optical signal by an optical bandpass filter as an optical carrier, carrying out intensity modulation on the optical carrier by using a reference microwave signal, and filtering a first-order sideband at one side of the generated intensity-modulated optical signal to obtain detection light; and converting the detection light into an electric signal after passing through the optical fiber to be detected, measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal, calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier.
Further, the method further comprises:
and changing the wavelength of the optical carrier by adjusting the central wavelength of the passband of the optical bandpass filter and repeating the measurement process to obtain the dispersion coefficients of the optical fiber to be measured under different wavelengths.
Preferably, the broadband optical signal is generated by an amplified spontaneous emission light source.
Preferably, the group delay difference Δ τ (λ) and the dispersion coefficient D (λ) of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength λ are specifically calculated by the following formulas:
where Δ φ (λ) is the phase difference between the electrical signal and a reference microwave signal, fDFor the frequency of the reference microwave signal, L is the length of the fiber to be measured.
Preferably, a phase detector is used to measure the phase difference between the electrical signal and the reference microwave signal.
Based on the same inventive concept, the following technical scheme can be obtained:
an optical fiber dispersion measuring device comprising:
a light source for generating a broadband optical signal;
the first tunable optical bandpass filter is used for filtering the broadband optical signal to generate an optical carrier;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical carrier by using a reference microwave signal to generate an intensity modulated optical signal;
the second tunable optical bandpass filter is used for filtering a first-order sideband at one side of the intensity modulated optical signal to obtain detection light;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the detection light passing through the optical fiber to be detected into an electric signal;
the phase difference measuring module is used for measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal;
and the calculating unit is used for calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength.
Further, the apparatus further comprises:
and the control module is used for changing the wavelength of the optical carrier by adjusting the central wavelength of the passband of the first optical bandpass filter and the second optical bandpass filter and repeating the measurement process to obtain the dispersion coefficients of the optical fiber to be measured under different wavelengths.
Preferably, the light source is an amplified spontaneous emission light source.
Preferably, the group delay difference Δ τ (λ) and the dispersion coefficient D (λ) of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength λ are specifically calculated by the following formulas:
where Δ φ (λ) is the phase difference between the electrical signal and a reference microwave signal, fDFor the frequency of the reference microwave signal, L is the length of the fiber to be measured.
Preferably, the phase difference measuring module is a phase discriminator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the optical single-side band detection signal, overcomes the phenomenon of power attenuation caused by dispersion in the traditional optical link to a certain extent, and realizes low cost and high performance of optical fiber dispersion measurement; in addition, the invention can not only inhibit the power attenuation effect caused by dispersion, but also effectively filter other noises due to the use of the optical tunable filter; the invention further greatly reduces the system implementation cost by using the amplified spontaneous emission light source, so compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of low cost, low noise and high power so as to have small interference to the outside.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the optical fiber dispersion measuring device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the solution idea of the invention is based on the basic principle of a phase shift method, and an optical single-sideband detection signal is adopted to overcome the phenomenon of power attenuation caused by dispersion in the traditional optical link so as to realize low cost and high performance of optical fiber dispersion measurement; in addition, the invention can not only inhibit the power attenuation effect caused by dispersion, but also effectively filter other noises due to the use of the optical tunable filter.
Specifically, the method for measuring optical fiber dispersion of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
taking an optical signal filtered out from a broadband optical signal by an optical bandpass filter as an optical carrier, carrying out intensity modulation on the optical carrier by using a reference microwave signal, and filtering a first-order sideband at one side of the generated intensity-modulated optical signal to obtain detection light; and converting the detection light into an electric signal after passing through the optical fiber to be detected, measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal, calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier.
The optical fiber dispersion measuring apparatus of the present invention comprises:
a light source for generating a broadband optical signal;
the first tunable optical bandpass filter is used for filtering the broadband optical signal to generate an optical carrier;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical carrier by using a reference microwave signal to generate an intensity modulated optical signal;
the second tunable optical bandpass filter is used for filtering a first-order sideband at one side of the intensity modulated optical signal to obtain detection light;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the detection light passing through the optical fiber to be detected into an electric signal;
the phase difference measuring module is used for measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal;
and the calculating unit is used for calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength.
For the public understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
the basic structure of the optical fiber dispersion measuring device of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises: the device comprises a light source, two tunable optical filters (both bandpass filters), an intensity modulator, a photoelectric detector, an optical amplifier, a microwave source, a phase discriminator and a calculation module (not shown in the figure). The intensity modulator (Mach-Zehnder modulator is adopted in the embodiment) outputs the microwave source with the frequency fDThe intensity of the reference microwave signal is modulated to an optical carrier which is generated by the amplified spontaneous emission light source and filtered out by a first tunable optical filter, and an intensity modulation signal is output; the intensity modulation signal passes through the band-pass center wavelength which is different from the band-pass center wavelength of the first tunable optical filter by at least lambdaD(λDWavelength of the reference microwave signal) to filter out a single-side first-order sideband of the intensity modulation signal, and then enabling the intensity modulation signal to pass through the optical fiber to be detected as detection light, wherein the two tunable optical filters are synchronously tuned by using a synchronous control module; the conversion of optical signals into electrical signals is realized in the photoelectric detector, and the frequency is convertedA rate of fDElectrical signals of (a); and the phase discriminator is used for measuring the phase difference between the electric signal converted by the photoelectric detector and the reference microwave signal generated by the microwave source, and deducing the corresponding group delay, thus further obtaining the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical carrier signal input to the optical input of the mach-zehnder modulator is assumed to be:
E1＝Aexp(2πf0t) (1)
where A is the amplitude of the amplified spontaneous emission source, f0Is the frequency of the optical carrier.
Assume that the reference signal modulated onto the optical carrier is:
V(t)＝VD cos(ωDt) (2)
wherein ω isD、VDRespectively representing the angular frequency, amplitude of the reference microwave signal.
The output signal after passing through the MZM and the amplifier is:
wherein
Representing the bias voltage VBiasInduced phase change, VπRepresenting the half wave voltage of the modulator. By the expansion of Jacobi's formula, the right side of the above (3) can be obtained as
MZM operates at a linear transmission point, then
The output signal is:
since the high order sideband signal is very weak and therefore negligible, only ± 1 order sidebands remain:
after the modulated signal passes through the second tunable optical filter, the signals that retain the carrier and the single-side sideband (for example, the right +1 order sideband is retained) are:
the expression of the intensity modulation signal after the dispersion action of the optical fiber to be measured is as follows:
wherein phi (lambda) represents the phase change of the signal caused by the fiber under test.
The current signal output by a Photodetector (PD) is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
indicating the responsivity of the PD.
The phase difference between the electrical signal converted by the photodetector and the reference microwave signal generated by the microwave source is measured by using the phase discriminator, and can be expressed as:
Δφ(λ)＝φ(λ)-φ(ref) (10)
where phi (ref) represents the phase of the reference microwave signal generated by the microwave source.
By establishing the relationship between the phase difference and the group delay difference, the group delay difference can be obtained:
wherein f isDReferring to the frequency of the microwave signal, the group delay difference Δ τ (λ) represents the time delay generated after the probe optical signal passes through the optical fiber when the wavelength λ is continuously changed.
After obtaining the group delay difference, the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber can be further obtained:
wherein, L is the length of the optical fiber to be measured, and D (lambda) is the dispersion coefficient corresponding to the wavelength lambda.
Therefore, the change of the wavelength of light in optical fiber transmission can be realized by synchronously controlling the change of the center wavelength of the pass band of the two tunable optical filters, and further, the dispersion coefficients of optical fibers with different wavelengths are obtained. After multiple measurements, the complete chromatic dispersion of the optical fiber with different wavelengths can be obtained by fitting the curve.
In conclusion, the invention can realize the measurement of the optical fiber dispersion. Compared with the existing optical fiber dispersion measurement technology, the system has the advantage of low cost because the amplified spontaneous emission device is used as the light source of the system, and can effectively inhibit the phenomenon of power fading caused by dispersion because two adjustable optical filters are used for filtering-1 sideband of intensity modulation signals, so the system also has the advantage of high power. Besides, the invention has the characteristics of electromagnetic interference resistance, low noise and the like, and can be widely applied to optical fiber dispersion measurement in a system using optical fibers.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber dispersion measurement method is characterized in that an optical signal filtered from a broadband optical signal by an optical bandpass filter is used as an optical carrier, the optical carrier is subjected to intensity modulation by a reference microwave signal, and a first-order sideband at one side of the generated intensity-modulated optical signal is filtered to obtain detection light; and converting the detection light into an electric signal after passing through the optical fiber to be detected, measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal, calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be detected corresponding to the wavelength of the current optical carrier.
2. The optical fiber dispersion measurement method of claim 1, further comprising:
and changing the wavelength of the optical carrier by adjusting the central wavelength of the passband of the optical bandpass filter and repeating the measurement process to obtain the dispersion coefficients of the optical fiber to be measured under different wavelengths.
3. The optical fiber dispersion measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the broadband optical signal is generated by an amplified spontaneous emission light source.
4. The optical fiber dispersion measurement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the group delay difference Δ τ (λ) and the dispersion coefficient D (λ) of the optical fiber under test corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength λ are calculated by the following equations:
where Δ φ (λ) is the phase difference between the electrical signal and a reference microwave signal, fDFor the frequency of the reference microwave signal, L is the length of the fiber to be measured.
5. A method of optical fiber dispersion measurement according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the phase difference between the electrical signal and the reference microwave signal is measured using a phase detector.
6. An optical fiber dispersion measuring apparatus, comprising:
a light source for generating a broadband optical signal;
the first tunable optical bandpass filter is used for filtering the broadband optical signal to generate an optical carrier;
the intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical carrier by using a reference microwave signal to generate an intensity modulated optical signal;
the second tunable optical bandpass filter is used for filtering a first-order sideband at one side of the intensity modulated optical signal to obtain detection light;
the photoelectric detector is used for converting the detection light passing through the optical fiber to be detected into an electric signal;
the phase difference measuring module is used for measuring the phase difference between the electric signal and the reference microwave signal;
and the calculating unit is used for calculating the group delay of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength according to the phase difference, and further calculating the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber to be measured corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength.
7. The optical fiber dispersion measuring device according to claim 6, further comprising:
and the control module is used for changing the wavelength of the optical carrier by adjusting the central wavelength of the passband of the first optical bandpass filter and the second optical bandpass filter and repeating the measurement process to obtain the dispersion coefficients of the optical fiber to be measured under different wavelengths.
8. The optical fiber dispersion measuring device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the light source is an amplified spontaneous emission light source.
9. The optical fiber dispersion measuring device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the group delay difference Δ τ (λ) and the dispersion coefficient D (λ) of the optical fiber under test corresponding to the current optical carrier wavelength λ are calculated by the following equations:
where Δ φ (λ) is the phase difference between the electrical signal and a reference microwave signal, fDFor the frequency of the reference microwave signal, L is the length of the fiber to be measured.
10. The optical fiber dispersion measuring device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the phase difference measuring module is a phase detector.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113972950A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-01-25 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Optical fiber link dispersion measurement system and method based on time division multiplexing |
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