CN113708046B - Miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing hybrid medium resonator antenna - Google Patents
Miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing hybrid medium resonator antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113708046B CN113708046B CN202110877680.5A CN202110877680A CN113708046B CN 113708046 B CN113708046 B CN 113708046B CN 202110877680 A CN202110877680 A CN 202110877680A CN 113708046 B CN113708046 B CN 113708046B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/10—Dielectric resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna which comprises a feeding substrate, a grounding plate and a dielectric resonator, wherein the feeding substrate, the grounding plate and the dielectric resonator are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode from bottom to top, a cross slot is formed in the center of the grounding plate, a microstrip transmission line for feeding is arranged on the lower surface of the feeding substrate, a patch array is embedded in the dielectric resonator, a rectangular groove is formed in the upper portion of the dielectric resonator, and the patch array is located below the bottom of the rectangular groove and is parallel to the feeding substrate. According to the invention, through the way of grooving the upper part of the dielectric block, the fusion of three radiation modes is realized on the basis of not increasing the overall size of the antenna, and the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna is greatly widened; in addition, the invention adopts a rectangular dielectric block with low dielectric constant, and the patch is arranged in the middle of the dielectric block based on the three-dimensional printing technology, so the whole size of the antenna is only 0.39lambda 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.19λ 0 The directional diagram is symmetrical, has good radiation performance, and can be applied to beam forming arrays.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave communication, in particular to a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing mixed medium resonator antenna for beam forming application.
Background
The mimo beamforming technique is the most critical technique for the fifth generation mobile communication system. In order to achieve good beam forming effect and avoid grating lobes, the spacing between antenna units should be 0.5λ 0 About, the planar dimensions of the antenna element should be much smaller than 0.5λ 0 ×0.5λ 0 . Meanwhile, the most central requirement of the fifth generation wireless communication system is high speed, and the broadband technology is realizedKey factors for high data rate wireless communications. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna can receive incoming waves of arbitrary polarization, and the radiated waves can also be received by the arbitrarily polarized antenna. The circularly polarized wave is incident to the symmetrical target and then the rotation direction is reversed. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna has the capability of inhibiting rain and fog interference and resisting multipath effect, which is not possessed by other polarized antennas, and is widely applied to mobile communication and satellite communication. Under the background, in terms of the technical field of antennas, the design of a miniaturized, broadband and circularly polarized antenna for beam forming application has important research significance and application value.
Dielectric resonator antennas are considered ideal choices for wireless communication systems due to their good characteristics (e.g., low loss, low cost, and high design flexibility). There are two main methods for realizing the circularly polarized dielectric resonator, namely, a single-point feeding method and a multi-point feeding method. The former has the advantages of simple and compact structure, but the circular polarization bandwidth (axial ratio <3 dB) is narrow and is usually only 1% -15%; the latter, while achieving a larger circular polarization bandwidth, introduces a complex feed structure that increases the overall size of the antenna. Therefore, achieving a larger circular polarization bandwidth on the basis of single-point feeding is receiving extensive academic attention. Some broadband techniques have been proposed, such as: (1) multi-resonance method: the resonator has multiple resonance characteristics due to the introduction of special structures such as slots, steps, rotating laminated structures and the like, but the antenna structure becomes huge and complex and the radiation pattern of the antenna is influenced; (2) mixed radiation method: combining the radiation mode of the dielectric resonator and the radiation mode of the feed structure to increase the bandwidth, but has the problem of larger back lobes and suffers from the same problems as the scheme of (1); (3) traveling wave feed method: the current which is approximately distributed in the travelling wave is generated on the square spiral feeder, the impedance matching is improved and the bandwidth is widened due to almost no reflected wave, but the bandwidth increase of the scheme is limited, the axial ratio bandwidth of more than 20% is not realized, and the antenna back lobe is larger due to the fact that a larger gap is etched on the floor. Although the above method can increase the bandwidth, it cannot meet the requirements of miniaturization and broadband directional circular polarization at the same time.
Existing broadband designs for single-point feed circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennasThe technology can effectively widen the bandwidth of the antenna, but is difficult to achieve the miniaturization performance of the antenna, for example, in the technologies (1) and (2), the axial ratio bandwidth of a scheme capable of combining two radiation modes is below 25%, and the scheme capable of providing three or more radiation modes can meet the requirement of large bandwidth but the plane size of the antenna cannot meet the requirement of less than 0.5λ 0 ×0.5λ 0 Is required for the array. The bandwidth increasing effect of the technology (3) is not as good as that of the technology (1) and the technology (2), the axial ratio bandwidth is smaller than 20%, and the used feed structure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing mixed medium resonator antenna which has the advantages of miniaturization, broadband, circular polarization and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna provided by the invention comprises a feed substrate, a grounding plate and a dielectric resonator, wherein the feed substrate, the grounding plate and the dielectric resonator are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, the center of the grounding plate is provided with a cross slot, and the lower surface of the feed substrate is provided with a microstrip transmission line for feeding, and the antenna is characterized in that: the dielectric resonator is embedded with a patch array, the upper part of the dielectric resonator is provided with a rectangular groove, and the patch array is positioned below the bottom of the rectangular groove and is parallel to the feed substrate.
Further, the patch array is disposed on a dielectric substrate, and a dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is lower than a dielectric constant of the dielectric resonator.
Further, the dielectric resonator comprises a lower dielectric block and an upper dielectric block which are overlapped, wherein the patch array is embedded at the top of the lower dielectric block, and the rectangular groove is formed in the upper part of the upper dielectric block.
The invention adopts two layers of three-dimensional printing medium blocks with low dielectric constant and a 2X 2 patch antenna array to design a miniaturized hybrid antenna. The design firstly fuses the fundamental mode and the higher-order mode of the rectangular dielectric resonator by a mode of opening a rectangular groove at the upper part of the dielectric block so as to realize a broadband effect, and is different from the mode of expanding the bandwidth of an antenna in the prior artFixing the size of the antenna unit at the beginning of design, i.e. fixing the design range of the antenna size to less than 0.4λ according to the center frequency of the target design 0 ×0.4λ 0 ×0.2λ 0 The method solves the problems that the antenna is oversized and cannot meet the application of the beam forming array. On the basis, the rectangular dielectric resonator is printed in an upper layer and a lower layer by utilizing a three-dimensional printing technology, the patch array is arranged between the two dielectric blocks, the radiation modes of one patch are combined after the basic mode and the higher mode of the resonator, the bandwidth of the antenna is continuously increased, and the scheme does not influence the boundary condition of the dielectric resonator to cause the offset of the dielectric radiation modes, so that the overall size of the antenna is not increased. The invention can realize square plane caliber, symmetrical directional diagram, excellent radiation performance and overall size of about 0.39lambda 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.19λ 0 The method can be conveniently expanded into a one-dimensional or two-dimensional antenna array, and a good beam forming effect is obtained. Then, the hybrid antenna provided by the design can be excited by a pair of cross slots with different lengths at the same time, and three nearly-simultaneous radiation modes are excited. Finally, impedance matching is performed by using a matching branch with a length of about one quarter wavelength, so as to obtain a better impedance bandwidth.
The key point of the invention is that the fusion of three radiation modes is realized by the way of grooving at the upper part of the dielectric block on the basis of not increasing the whole size of the antenna, the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna is greatly widened, the impedance bandwidth is 2.45GHz-3.61GHz (38.3%), the axial ratio bandwidth is 2.62GHz-3.61GHz (32.67%), and the gain reaches 8dBi. The invention adopts a rectangular dielectric block with low dielectric constant and places the patch in the middle of the dielectric block based on the three-dimensional printing technology, so the whole size of the antenna is only 0.39lambda 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.19λ 0 The directional diagram is symmetrical, has good radiation performance, and can be applied to beam forming arrays.
In summary, the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the rectangular dielectric resonator is understood to be a monolithic structure in which a rectangular slot is introduced in the upper part of the complete dielectric block, which rectangular slot allows dielectric without changing the planar dimensions of the antennaFundamental mode TE of mass resonator 111 Mode and higher order mode TE 131 The modes are fused in a zooming-in mode. The structure can realize the effect of broadband while keeping the small plane size, and has good radiation characteristics.
2. The design antenna divides the dielectric block into upper and lower layers for printing, fully utilizes the design freedom degree brought by the three-dimensional printing technology, places the patch array in the dielectric block on the premise of not increasing the planar size of the antenna, fuses the patch radiation mode with two radiation modes of the dielectric resonator, and greatly increases the circular polarization bandwidth.
3. The center frequency of the antenna is designed at 3GHz, but is not limited to 3GHz, and the design technology can be applied to other frequency bands.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 (a) is a three-dimensional exploded view of the hybrid antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 1 (b) is a top perspective view of the hybrid antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is |s of the hybrid antenna of the present invention 11 Simulation results of i and gain.
Fig. 3 is a circular polarization axial ratio simulation result of the hybrid antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a simulated pattern of a hybrid antenna of the present invention, (a) 2.7GHz E-plane pattern (b) 2.7GHz H-plane pattern (C) 3.2GHz E-plane pattern (d) 3.2GHz H-plane pattern (E) 3.55GHz E-plane pattern (f) 3.55GHz H-plane pattern.
The reference numerals in the figures are shown below:
1-upper dielectric block, 2-dielectric patch array, 3-substrate, 4-lower dielectric block, 5-grounding plate, 6-feeding substrate and 7-microstrip transmission line.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a miniaturized broadband circularly polarized three-dimensional printing hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for beam forming applications, comprising: the feed substrate 6, the ground plate 5 etched with cross slits, the low dielectric constant lower dielectric block 4 and the low dielectric constant upper dielectric block 1 are stacked in order from bottom to top. A 2 x 2 patch array 2 is arranged between the two dielectric blocks, the patch array 2 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 3, the uppermost upper dielectric block is provided with a groove, and the lower surface of the feed substrate 6 is provided with a microstrip transmission line 7 for feeding. The lower dielectric block 4 and the upper dielectric block 1 form a dielectric resonator, the patch array 2 is embedded in the dielectric resonator, the patch array 2 comprises four metal patches, and projections of the metal patches on the grounding plate 6 are respectively positioned at intervals of cross gaps.
In this embodiment, the feeding substrate 6 is square, the dielectric resonator is a square dielectric resonator, the diagonal line of the dielectric resonator is parallel or perpendicular to the side of the feeding substrate 6, and the side of the patch array 2 is parallel to the side of the dielectric resonators 1, 4. The microstrip transmission line 7 is perpendicular to the side of the feed substrate 6, and has an included angle of 45 ° with each slot of the cross slot. The dielectric resonator is obtained by 3D printing fabrication.
The invention can realize broadband characteristics and simultaneously has the advantages of miniaturization, circular polarization, suitability for beam forming technology and the like, and has great practical value.
The substrate adopted in the scheme is a low-dielectric-constant dielectric substrate, the dielectric constant is 2.2, the loss angle is 0.0009, the thickness of the feed substrate 6 is 0.813mm, and the size is 80mm multiplied by 80mm; the thickness of the dielectric substrate 3 of the patch array is 0.254mm; the dielectric resonator adopts low dielectric constant medium, the dielectric constant is 5.5, the loss angle is 0.004, and the section height of the dielectric resonator is 18.5mm (-0.19lambda) 0 ) The plane dimensions are 38.4mm by 38.4mm (-0.39λ0.39λ) 0 ) The size of the top digging groove is 18mm multiplied by 4.5mm; the patch array size was 29.2mm x 29.2mm, and the patch-to-patch spacing was 2.6mm.
Specific parameters of the hybrid antenna of this embodiment are given in table I.
Table I detailed dimensions of the antenna
Ground plate 5The dielectric resonator is integrally formed. First, the upper dielectric block 1, the lower dielectric block 4 and the middle patch array 2 together constitute a hybrid antenna radiation structure. The radio frequency excitation signal is fed by a microstrip transmission line 7 at the bottom layer, and feeds the dielectric resonator antenna through a cross slot of the grounding plate 5. In this structure, the dielectric block is excited by the cross slit to generate two pairs of degenerate resonant modes (TE 111 x &TE 111 y And TE (TE) 131 &TE 311 ) The fundamental and higher order modes of the medium are then pulled closer by introducing undercut, adding to The Mode (TM) of the patch array created by the cross slit excitation 01 ) Together, three circularly polarized radiation modes are combined, thereby realizing the effect of broadband.
The antenna adopts the cross slot to feed the dielectric block and the patch array at the same time, and three resonance modes are obtained by a method of grooving above the dielectric block, and the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth show broadband characteristics. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna of the embodiment is 2.45GHz-3.61GHz (38.3%), the axial ratio bandwidth is 2.62GHz-3.61GHz (32.67%), and the gain reaches 8dBi. The invention adopts low dielectric constant medium, so that the invention has wider working bandwidth. At the same time, the overall size is small, about 0.39λ 0 ×0.39λ 0 ×0.19λ 0 The method is suitable for the beam forming antenna array. The invention can realize square plane caliber, symmetrical directional diagram and good radiation performance.
The transmission and radiation responses of the antenna are shown in FIG. 2 for |S 11 The bandwidth is 2.45-3.61GHz, and the maximum gain is 8dBi. FIG. 3 is a simulation of the circular polarization axis ratio of the antenna, with a bandwidth in the range of 2.60-3.61GHz for AR.ltoreq.3 dB. Fig. 4 is a simulated pattern of E-plane and H-plane antennas at 2.7GHz, 3.2GHz and 3.55GHz, the pattern of antennas being symmetrical, the isolation between right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization being greater than 20dB.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a miniaturized broadband circular polarization three-dimensional printing mixed dielectric resonator antenna, includes feed base plate (6), the central authorities have ground plate (5) and dielectric resonator (1, 4) of cross gap that range upon range of setting in proper order from bottom to top, the lower surface of feed base plate (6) sets up microstrip transmission line (7) that are used for the feed, its characterized in that: the dielectric resonators (1, 4) are embedded with patch arrays (2), rectangular grooves are formed in the upper parts of the dielectric resonators (1, 4), and the patch arrays (2) are positioned below the bottoms of the rectangular grooves and are parallel to the feed substrate (6);
the dielectric resonators (1, 4) comprise a lower dielectric block (4) and an upper dielectric block (1) which are overlapped, wherein the patch array (2) is embedded at the top of the lower dielectric block (4), and the rectangular groove is formed in the upper part of the upper dielectric block (1);
the feeding substrate (6) is square, the dielectric resonators (1, 4) are square dielectric resonators, the diagonal lines of the dielectric resonators (1, 4) are parallel or perpendicular to the side edges of the feeding substrate (6), and the side edges of the patch array (2) are parallel to the side edges of the dielectric resonators (1, 4);
the microstrip transmission line (7) is perpendicular to the side edge of the feed substrate (6); the included angle between the microstrip transmission line (7) and each slot of the cross slot is 45 degrees.
2. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the patch array (2) is arranged on a dielectric substrate (3), and the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate (3) is lower than that of the dielectric resonators (1, 4).
3. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the patch array (2) comprises four metal patches, and projections of the metal patches on the grounding plate (5) are respectively positioned at intervals of the cross gaps.
4. The miniaturized broadband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric resonator (1, 4) is obtained by 3D printing manufacturing.
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| CN114336020B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-03-01 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Broadband circularly polarized antenna array based on asymmetric slotted rectangular patch |
| CN117317584A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-12-29 | 南通大学 | Miniaturized broadband dielectric resonator antenna |
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| WO2016197823A1 (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-12-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Circularly polarised dielectric resonator antenna, parameter determination method therefor, and communication device |
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| US8928544B2 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2015-01-06 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence | Wideband circularly polarized hybrid dielectric resonator antenna |
| US8803749B2 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2014-08-12 | Kwok Wa Leung | Elliptically or circularly polarized dielectric block antenna |
| KR102042843B1 (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-11-08 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | Dual-band dielectric resonator circular polarized antennas having 3-d meandered probe |
| CN112259958B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-03-08 | 西安交通大学 | Single-feed double-frequency double-circular-polarization millimeter wave dielectric resonator antenna |
| CN112467359B (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-10-18 | 南通大学 | Low-profile broadband dielectric resonator antenna with probe feed |
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| CN105261825A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2016-01-20 | 电子科技大学 | Wideband wide-beam circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna fed by spiral slit |
| WO2016197823A1 (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-12-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Circularly polarised dielectric resonator antenna, parameter determination method therefor, and communication device |
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