CN112630305A - Hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument - Google Patents
Hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112630305A CN112630305A CN202011412125.7A CN202011412125A CN112630305A CN 112630305 A CN112630305 A CN 112630305A CN 202011412125 A CN202011412125 A CN 202011412125A CN 112630305 A CN112630305 A CN 112630305A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- amplifier
- control unit
- firmness
- resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/025—Fruits or vegetables
Abstract
The invention discloses a hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument. The key unit is fixedly arranged on the upper shell, the display unit is fixedly arranged on the upper shell to display numerical values, the control unit and the actuating mechanism are fixedly arranged in the device, the output end of the actuating mechanism is connected with fruits to be tested, the key unit is connected with the control unit, and the control unit is connected with the actuating mechanism and the display unit; the measuring command is sent through the key unit, the control unit drives the executing mechanism to apply pressure to the fruit to be measured after receiving the measuring command, the output end of the executing mechanism measures the impedance of the fruit to be measured and the sound of the fruit in the cracking process, the executing mechanism transmits the impedance and the sound signals to the control unit, the control unit processes the data into the firmness and brittleness data and stores the data, and meanwhile, the firmness and brittleness data are transmitted to the display unit to display the firmness and brittleness of the fruit to be measured. The invention has the advantages of no need of modeling, simple and convenient measurement, low requirement on operators, reduction of errors caused by peeling, and capability of being used for measuring the firmness and brittleness of various fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hand-held automatic detector for fruit firmness and brittleness, which is suitable for on-site rapid detection of fruit firmness and brittleness in each link of a fruit supply chain.
Background
The fruits are rich in various nutrient elements necessary for human bodies, and with the attention of people on healthy diet, the demand on high-quality fruits is increasingly increased. Firmness and crispness are important quality parameters of fruits, greatly determine the taste of the fruits and are key factors for determining whether consumers buy the fruits again or not. In addition, the hardness and crispness of the fruit can be used to guide fruit harvesting, transportation, storage, processing, distribution and sale, thereby reducing the chance of spoilage of fruit in the supply chain and ensuring that high quality fruit is delivered to the consumer. The handheld device can carry out on-site detection on the firmness and brittleness of the fruits in each link of a supply chain, and has great effects on reducing fruit loss and ensuring fruit quality. At present, a few portable fruit crispness measuring instruments are used, the crispness of fruits is mostly evaluated by sensory evaluation, namely, the crispness of the fruits is subjectively analyzed by an expert group through chewing the fruits, and the sound generated when the fruits are chewed is an important index of the crispness of the fruits. The existing portable fruit firmness detection instrument is as follows:
a hand-held penetrometer. An operator slowly pierces the probe with a specific shape into the pulp of the peeled fruit to a certain depth, and the maximum resistance of the fruit to the instrument in the measurement process is recorded as the firmness of the fruit. Most of instruments of the type are of an instrument type, the cost is low, the instruments are widely used in the world, but the measurement result is easily influenced by the puncture speed of an operator and the force application size, and the measurement precision cannot be guaranteed.
A portable spectrometer. The portable spectrometer indirectly predicts the firmness of the fruit by measuring the optical characteristics of the fruit and establishing a correlation model with the standard firmness value. The establishment of the prediction model needs to comprehensively consider various factors such as fruit varieties, seasons, environments and the like so as to ensure the accuracy of the prediction result.
A portable acoustic vibratory apparatus. The acoustic vibration characteristics of fruit are related to fruit firmness, and a portable acoustic vibration instrument excites the fruit with a force hammer or vibration exciter and then measures the fruit firmness by measuring the acoustic vibration response signal of the fruit with a microphone or acceleration sensor. This type of instrument can measure the overall firmness of the fruit, but the measurement is affected by the shape and quality of the fruit.
The instrument has the problems of complex operation, limited precision, complex data processing and the like, can not detect the firmness and brittleness of the fruits at the same time, and is not beneficial to popularization to potential users such as fruit growers, dealers, consumers and the like. The handheld fruit firmness and brittleness detection instrument with low cost, high precision and simple and convenient operation is concerned by a plurality of researchers in recent years, and has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art by providing a low cost hand-held instrument that can be used to perform on-site tests on the firmness and crispness of fruit at various points in the supply chain. The operator can realize the automatic detection of the firmness of the fruit by clicking the measuring key, the automatic detection of the firmness and the brittleness of the fruit pulp can be realized by pressing the measuring key for a long time, peeling is not needed in the measurement, the fruit pulp firmness measuring device has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation, high measuring precision and the like, the consistency of measuring results of different operators can be ensured, the fruit pulp firmness measuring device is easy to popularize to users with insufficient technical experience, the fruit firmness is not broken and deformed when the fruit is tested, and the fruit can still be eaten after the test.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The invention comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a control unit, a key unit, an actuating mechanism and a display unit; the fruit testing device comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a key unit, a display unit, a control unit, an execution mechanism, a control unit and a control unit, wherein the key unit is fixedly arranged at one end of the upper shell, the display unit is fixedly arranged in the upper shell to display numerical values, the control unit is fixedly arranged in the upper shell and the lower shell, the execution mechanism is fixedly arranged on the lower shell and is arranged in the upper shell and the lower shell, the output end of the execution mechanism is connected with fruits to be tested, the key; the measuring command is sent through the key unit, the control unit receives the measuring command and drives the actuating mechanism to apply pressure to the fruit to be measured, the output end of the actuating mechanism measures the impedance of the fruit to be measured and the sound of the fruit in the cracking process, the actuating mechanism transmits the impedance and sound signals to the control unit, the control unit processes the impedance and sound signals into firmness and brittleness data and stores the firmness and brittleness data, the control unit transmits the firmness and brittleness data to the display unit, and the display unit displays the firmness and brittleness of the fruit to be measured.
The actuating mechanism comprises a linear motor, a sliding table, a pressure sensor, an elastic assembly, a linear bearing, a fixed seat, an end cover, a gland, a probe, a guide rail and a microphone; the linear motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the lower shell, the output end of the linear motor is fixedly connected with the sliding table, the guide rail is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the lower shell, the lower end surface of the sliding table is connected with the upper end surface of the guide rail in a sliding way, the sliding table is in a step shape of an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper step of the sliding table is provided with a pressure sensor, one end of the pressure sensor is fixedly arranged with the sliding table, the elastic component mainly comprises two spring seats and a spring arranged between the two spring seats, the other end of the pressure sensor is fixedly connected with one spring seat in the elastic component, the lower step of the sliding table is fixedly provided with a linear bearing, the linear bearing is provided with a first central through hole, a guide rod is coaxially and movably arranged in the first central through hole, the other spring seat of the elastic component is fixedly connected with one end of the, the fixing seat is fixedly installed between the upper shell and the lower shell, the central axis of the pressure sensor, the elastic component, the guide rod fixing seat, the probe and the central axis of the handheld fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument are in a straight line, the end cover is fixedly installed on the end face of the probe installed on the upper shell and the lower shell, a gland is movably embedded between the periphery of the probe and the end cover, the end cover is used as the output end of the execution mechanism to be in contact with the surface of a fruit to be detected to form a supporting structure and play a role in isolating external environment noise, the impedance of the fruit to be detected is detected through the probe, coaxial microphone through holes are further formed in the lower shell, the fixing seat and the end cover, the microphone is fixedly installed in the microphone through hole, and the microphone senses sound generated when the.
The control unit comprises a micro control unit, a sensor signal conditioning circuit, a microphone signal conditioning circuit and a motor driving circuit; the micro control unit is connected with the sensor signal conditioning circuit, the microphone signal conditioning circuit and the motor driving circuit, and the sensor signal conditioning circuit, the microphone signal conditioning circuit and the motor driving circuit are connected with the executing mechanism.
The sensor signal conditioning circuit is connected with the actuating mechanism, smoothes and amplifies a sensor original voltage signal sent by the actuating mechanism and sends the processed signal to the control unit; the two input ends of the sensor signal conditioning circuit are respectively input with a positive pressure signal and a negative pressure signal of the pressure sensor, the positive pressure signal is respectively grounded through a capacitor, the positive pressure signal is input to a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5A, the output end of the amplifier U5A is connected to an inverting input end of an amplifier U5A through a resistor R21, the output end of the amplifier U5A is also respectively connected to a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5D and grounded through a resistor R19 after passing through a resistor R18, the negative pressure signal is grounded after passing through a capacitor C25, one end of the resistor R25 is connected with a power supply, the other end of the resistor R25 is sequentially connected to a resistance wire of a slide rheostat Z1 and a resistor R29 and grounded, the negative pressure signal is also respectively connected to a slide end of a slide rheostat Z1 and a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5B, the inverting input end of the amplifier U5A is sequentially connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U5 rheostat, the output end of an amplifier U5B is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5B through a resistor R27, the output end of the amplifier U5B is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5D through a resistor R28, the output end of the amplifier U5D is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5D through a R22 and a capacitor C23, the output end of the amplifier U5D is also connected to the non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5C, the output end of the amplifier U5C is connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U5C through a R23 and a capacitor C24 and then is grounded through a resistor R26, the output end of the amplifier U5C is grounded through a resistor R20 and a capacitor C22 in sequence, and the output end of an amplifier U5C outputs a conditioned signal through a resistor R20.
The key unit comprises a measurement key, a power switch and a data transmission key; the power switch is connected with the power supply, the power switch controls the on-off of the power supply, and the measurement key and the data transmission key are connected with the control unit.
The power supply is a battery arranged in the upper shell, and the battery provides power for the handheld fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument.
The fruits to be detected are peach, apricot, plum, mango, orange, apple, pear, kiwi fruit, banana, tomato, strawberry and the like.
The probe is replaced according to different fruit needs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the firmness of the fruits is directly sensed by measuring the impedance force in the elastic deformation range of the fruits, modeling is not needed, and various probes can be replaced to measure the firmness of different fruits;
2. the fruit crispness measuring method directly senses the pulp firmness by measuring the impedance force when the fruit is cracked, records the sound generated in the fruit cracking process by the microphone, and measures the fruit crispness by analyzing the maximum amplitude and the peak number of the sound signal;
3. the invention has simple and convenient operation, can automatically finish measurement by an instrument after clicking or long pressing the measurement key, and has no technical requirement on an operator;
4. compared with a handheld puncture meter, the operation precision is higher, and the consistency and the accuracy of the measurement results of different operators can be ensured;
5. the invention has small volume and easy carrying, and is suitable for field measurement of fruit firmness and brittleness in each link of a supply chain.
6. The invention can realize nondestructive measurement of fruit firmness without peeling, and the fruit after the measurement can be edible, and can simultaneously realize the measurement of pulp firmness and crispness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for measuring firmness of fruit under different working conditions;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for measuring the firmness and brittleness of the pulp;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the working principle of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a control unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a display unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a sensor signal conditioning circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a motor drive circuit of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-lower shell, 2-linear motor, 3-upper shell, 4-battery, 5-measuring key, 6-power switch, 7-display unit, 8-data transmission key, 9-sliding table, 10-pressure sensor, 11-elastic component, 12-control unit, 13-linear bearing, 14-fixed seat, 15-end cover, 16-gland, 17-probe, 18-guide rail and 19-microphone.
Detailed Description
The hand-held automatic fruit firmness and brittleness detection instrument provided by the invention is easy to carry and simple to operate, can be used for carrying out on-site accurate detection on fruit firmness and brittleness based on the impedance force when the fruit deformation is sensed and the sound signal in the cracking process, and is not limited by a field.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the present invention includes an upper housing 3, a lower housing 1, a control unit, a key unit, an actuator and a display unit; the fruit testing device comprises an upper shell 3, a key unit, a display unit, a control unit, an execution mechanism, a control unit, a key unit, a display unit and a control unit, wherein the key unit is fixedly arranged on the side surface of one end of the upper shell 3 and extends out of the upper shell 3, the display unit is fixedly arranged on the front surface of one end of the upper shell 3 and displays a numerical value, the control unit is fixedly arranged at the other end of the upper shell 3 and is arranged in the upper shell 3 and the lower shell 1, the execution mechanism is fixedly arranged on the lower shell 1 and is arranged in the upper shell 3 and the; the measuring command is sent through the key unit, the control unit receives the measuring command and drives the execution mechanism to apply pressure to the fruit to be measured, the output end of the execution mechanism measures the impedance of the fruit to be measured and the sound of the fruit in the cracking process, the impedance and the sound signals are transmitted to the control unit by the execution mechanism, the control unit processes the data into firmness and brittleness data and stores the data, the control unit transmits the firmness and brittleness data to the display unit, the display unit displays the firmness and brittleness of the fruit to be measured, and after the key unit sends the displaying command, the control unit sends the firmness and brittleness data to the appointed terminal. The fruits to be detected are peach, apricot, plum, mango, orange, apple, pear, kiwi fruit, banana, tomato, strawberry and the like. The probe 17 is replaced according to different fruits.
The actuating mechanism comprises a linear motor 2, a sliding table 9, a pressure sensor 10, an elastic component 11, a linear bearing 13, a fixed seat 14, an end cover 15, a gland 16, a probe 17, a guide rail 18 and a microphone 19; the linear motor 2 is fixedly arranged at one end of the lower shell 1, the output end of the linear motor 2 is fixedly connected with the sliding table 9, the guide rail 18 is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the lower shell 1, the lower end surface of the sliding table 9 is slidably connected with the upper end surface of the guide rail 18, the sliding table 9 is in a two-layer step shape, the upper step of the sliding table 9 is provided with a pressure sensor 10, one end of the pressure sensor 10 is fixedly arranged with the sliding table 9, the elastic component 11 mainly comprises two spring seats and a spring arranged between the two spring seats, the other end of the pressure sensor 10 is fixedly connected with one spring seat in the elastic component 11, the lower step of the sliding table 9 is fixedly provided with a linear bearing 13, the linear bearing 13 is provided with a first central through hole, a guide rod is coaxially and movably arranged in the first central through hole, the other spring seat of the elastic component 11 is fixedly connected with one end of the guide rod, and, the probe 17 is movably installed on the fixed seat 14, the fixed seat 14 is fixedly installed between the upper shell 3 and the lower shell 1, the central axis of the pressure sensor 10, the elastic component 11, the guide rod fixed seat 14, the probe 17 and the central axis of the handheld fruit firmness automatic detection instrument are in a straight line, the end cover 15 is fixedly installed on the end faces of the upper shell 3 and the lower shell 1, which are provided with the probe 17, the gland 16 is movably embedded between the periphery of the probe 17 and the end cover 15, the end cover 15 is used as the output end of the actuating mechanism to contact with the surface of the fruit to be detected to form a supporting structure and play a role of isolating external environmental noise, the impedance force of the fruit to be detected is detected through the probe 17, coaxial microphone through holes are further formed on the lower shell 1, the fixed seat 14 and the end cover 15, the microphone 19 is fixedly installed in the microphone through hole, the, to record the sound produced during the rupture of the peel of the fruit to be tested.
The control unit 12 comprises a micro control unit MCU, a sensor signal conditioning circuit, a microphone signal conditioning circuit and a motor driving circuit; the micro control unit MCU is connected with the sensor signal conditioning circuit and the motor driving circuit, and the sensor signal conditioning circuit, the microphone signal conditioning circuit and the motor driving circuit are respectively connected with the pressure sensor 10, the microphone 19 and the linear motor 2 of the actuating mechanism.
The key unit comprises a measurement key 5, a power switch 6 and a data transmission key 8; the power switch 6 is connected with a power supply, the power switch 6 controls the on-off of the power supply, and the measurement key 5 and the data transmission key 8 are connected with the control unit.
The power supply is a battery 4 arranged in the upper shell 3, and the battery 4 provides power for the hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument.
As shown in fig. 5, the control unit includes a bluetooth transmission unit, a micro control unit MCU and its peripheral circuits, a voltage stabilizing circuit, a voltage boosting circuit, a display unit, a sensor signal conditioning circuit, a microphone signal conditioning circuit, and a motor driving circuit. The micro control unit MCU is the core of the whole control unit, after detecting that the measuring key is pressed down, the micro control unit MCU controls the operation of the linear motor through the motor driving circuit, simultaneously reads a sensor voltage signal output by the sensor conditioning circuit, calculates and converts the sensor voltage signal into firmness data, and transmits the firmness data to the display unit for display, and when the linear motor 2 reaches a required distance, the micro control unit MCU displays and stores the final firmness and brittleness data and controls the linear motor to return to an original position. When the micro control unit MCU detects that the data transmission key 8 is pressed down, the stored firmness and brittleness data are transmitted to the upper computer through the Bluetooth transmission unit. The voltage stabilizing circuit stabilizes the power supply voltage of the battery to 3.3V and supplies power to the MCU and the display unit. The booster circuit boosts the power supply voltage to 8V and then supplies the boosted power supply voltage to the sensor, the voltage inversion circuit provides-8V voltage for the sensor conditioning circuit, and the signal conditioning circuit finishes smoothing and amplifying of an original voltage signal of the sensor. The motor driving circuit completes the forward and reverse movement of the motor under the control of the MCU.
As shown IN fig. 6 and 7, the Micro Control Unit (MCU) mainly comprises a single chip microcomputer U3 and a crystal oscillator circuit, the crystal oscillator circuit is connected to a pin OS _ IN and a pin OS _ OUT of the single chip microcomputer U3, the display circuit includes a display screen P5, a resistor R11 and a resistor R12, the resistor R11 is connected to a power supply, the resistor R11 is connected to a pin 3 of the display screen P5, the resistor R12 is connected to the power supply, the resistor R12 is connected to a pin 4 of the display screen P5, and the pin 3 and the pin 4 of the display screen P5 are respectively connected to a pin PB6 and a pin PB7 of the single chip microcomputer U3.
As shown in fig. 8, the sensor signal conditioning circuit is connected to the pressure sensor 10 in the actuator, and performs smoothing and amplification processing on a sensor raw voltage signal sent by the pressure sensor 10 in the actuator and sends the processed signal to the control unit 12; the two input ends of the sensor signal conditioning circuit are respectively input with a positive pressure signal and a negative pressure signal of the pressure sensor 10, the positive pressure signal is respectively grounded through a capacitor, the positive pressure signal is input to a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5A, the output end of the amplifier U5A is connected to an inverting input end of an amplifier U5A through a resistor R21, the output end of an amplifier U5A is also respectively connected to a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5D and grounded through a resistor R19 after passing through a resistor R18, the negative pressure signal is grounded after passing through a capacitor C25, one end of a resistor R25 is connected with a power supply, the other end of the resistor R25 is sequentially grounded through a resistance wire of a slide rheostat Z1 and a resistor R29, the negative pressure signal is also respectively connected to a slide rheostat Z1 and a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5B, the inverting input end of the amplifier U5A is sequentially connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U5 rheostat B through a resistor R, the output end of an amplifier U5B is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5B through a resistor R27, the output end of the amplifier U5B is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5D through a resistor R28, the output end of the amplifier U5D is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5D through a R22 and a capacitor C23, the output end of the amplifier U5D is also connected to the non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5C, the output end of the amplifier U5C is connected to the inverting input end of the amplifier U5C through a R23 and a capacitor C24 and then is grounded through a resistor R26, the output end of the amplifier U5C is grounded through a resistor R20 and a capacitor C22 in sequence, and the output end of an amplifier U5C outputs a conditioned signal through a resistor R20.
As shown in fig. 9, the motor driving circuit includes a power supply voltage amplifying module and a motor driving module circuit, the power supply voltage amplifying module converts a 3.7V power supply into a 12V power supply, the power supply voltage amplifying module includes an inductor L3, a booster U9, a field effect transistor Q2, one end of the inductor L3 is grounded via a capacitor C30, one end of the inductor L3 is connected to a pin VIN of the booster U9, one end of the inductor L3 is further connected to a pin EN of the booster U9 via a resistor R39, the other end of the inductor L3 is connected to a pin SW of the booster U9, a pin PB12 of the single chip microcomputer U3 serves as an MCTR port, the MCTR port serves as a control terminal of the power supply voltage amplifying module, the control terminal is connected to a gate of the field effect transistor Q2 via a resistor R465, the control terminal is grounded via a resistor R43, a source of the field effect transistor Q2 is grounded, a drain of the field effect transistor Q2 is connected to an anode EN of the booster U9, a pin 5 of the booster, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the resistor R41 and then grounded after passing through the resistor R40 and the capacitor C31, the pin FB of the booster U9 is connected between the resistor R40 and the resistor R41, and the cathode of the diode D5 is also connected to the capacitor C32 and then grounded.
The motor driving module circuit comprises a motor driving module U8, a pin CP1 of a motor driving module U8 is connected with a pin CP2 through a capacitor C14, a pin VCP of the motor driving module U8 is connected with one end of a capacitor C15 and one end of a resistor R32, a pin VMA of the motor driving module U8 is connected with the other end of a capacitor C15 and the other end of the resistor R32 and is also connected with a power supply, the other end of the capacitor C15 and the other end of the resistor R32 are grounded through a capacitor C27, a pin ISENA of the motor driving module U8 is grounded through a resistor R33, a pin ISENB of the motor driving module U8 is grounded through a resistor R34, a slide resistor R37 and one end of a slide resistor R37 are connected with the power supply, the other end of the slide resistor R37 is grounded through a resistor R38, a pin VMB of the motor driving module U8 is grounded through a capacitor E4, and a pin AVR 56 of the motor driving module U8 are both grounded through a resistor R38. A pin nHOME of the motor driving module U8 is connected to a power supply through a resistor R13, a pin nFAULT of the motor driving module U8 is connected to the power supply through a resistor R35, a pin nSLEEP and a pin nRESET of the motor driving module U8 are connected through a resistor R36, a pin of the motor driving module U8 is connected to the power supply, and a pin of the motor driving module U8 is also connected to a capacitor C29 and then grounded.
Detailed working principle of the invention
When measuring, firstly, the power switch 6 in the key unit is opened, the end cover 15 is vertically pressed on the surface of the fruit to be measured, when the firmness of the fruit is measured, the measuring key 5 in the key unit is clicked, the control unit receives a signal sent by the measuring key 5 and then enables the motor driving circuit to work, the motor driving circuit drives the linear motor 2 to move towards the probe 17 for a specified distance within the elastic deformation range of the fruit, the specified distance is a preset fixed distance, the linear motor 2 drives the sliding table 9 to move, the pressure sensor 10, the elastic component 11, the linear bearing 13 and the probe 17 all move towards the probe 17, so that the probe 17 presses the surface of the fruit to be measured, the surface of the fruit to be measured is elastically deformed, the probe 17 moves towards the direction of the linear motor under the impedance force of the fruit to be measured, and a spring in the elastic component is compressed, the pressure sensor 10 measures the spring force of a spring in the elastic component, a sensor signal conditioning circuit in the control unit receives the spring force and then sends a sensor voltage signal obtained after processing to the micro control unit, and the micro control unit converts the sensor voltage signal into the fruit firmness of the fruit to be measured and finally displays the fruit firmness in the display unit; after the linear motor 2 moves to a required distance, the fruit to be detected deforms to the limit, the whole actuating mechanism and the fruit to be detected are in a balanced state, and the display unit displays that the firmness value of the fruit to be detected is in a stable state. After the test is completed, the linear motor 2 returns to the original position under the control of the control unit. As shown in fig. 2, the distance a and the distance B are both distances at which the probe 17 is pressed into the fruit to be tested in a balanced state, where the distance a is a state when the firmness of the fruit to be tested is higher, the larger the compression amount of the spring in the corresponding elastic component is, the larger the impedance force of the fruit to be tested that is sensed by the pressure sensor is, and the distance B is a state when the firmness of the fruit to be tested is lower, and the smaller the compression amount of the spring in the corresponding elastic component is, the smaller the impedance force of the fruit to be tested that is sensed by the pressure sensor is, which satisfies B > a.
When the firmness and brittleness of the fruit pulp are measured, the measuring key 5 in the key unit is pressed for a long time, the control unit enables the motor driving circuit to work after receiving a signal sent by the measuring key 5, and the motor driving circuit drives the linear motor 2 to move towards the direction of the probe 17 to a distance enough to break the fruit. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working state of measuring the firmness and brittleness of fruit flesh, when the fruit is cracked, the tension of the peel is eliminated, the impedance of the fruit is reduced, the impedance sensed by the probe is only the impedance of the fruit flesh, and the microphone 19 records the sound generated during the cracking process of the fruit. The micro control unit converts the average voltage signal of the broken fruit recorded by the pressure sensor 10 into the pulp firmness of the fruit to be detected, converts the maximum amplitude and the wave crest of the sound signal recorded by the microphone into the crispness of the fruit to be detected, and the display unit displays the values of the pulp firmness and the crispness of the fruit to be detected. After the test is completed, the linear motor 2 returns to the original position under the control of the control unit.
Comparative examples
In order to measure the performance of the invention, the invention is compared and tested with a hand-held puncture meter FT-02 widely used at home and abroad. Selecting 10 juicy peaches, dividing the peaches into three uniform parts by taking peach belly stitches as initial lines, firstly measuring the firmness of the fruits at the center of each part by using the device, then measuring by using a handheld puncture meter at the adjacent position, peeling off the peels by using a peeling knife equipped before the measurement by using the handheld puncture meter, slowly inserting an instrument probe into the fruits, stopping pressing when the probe penetrates into the fruits to reach the scale line on the probe, wherein the force value on a dial is the firmness of the fruits, and after the measurement is finished, pressing a zero return knob to return the pointer to zero. Because the measuring units of the two instruments are different, the relative standard deviation of the three results of the two instruments for measuring each peach is calculated to compare the precision of the instruments. As shown in Table 1, the relative standard deviations of the triple firmness values measured by the hand-held penetrometer for each fruit were all greater than the present invention. Because the operator uses hand-held type puncture timing puncture speed and application of force size to have the difference, can't guarantee the uniformity of every measurement, and the thickness of peeling also can exert an influence to the measuring result to it has great deviation to have leaded to the measuring result.
TABLE 1 comparative test results of the invention with hand-held penetrometer FT-02
Therefore, the comparative embodiment shows that the handheld puncture meter which is relatively widely used in the invention is simple to operate, and can automatically complete measurement only by pressing the switch; the consistency and the accuracy of each test process can be ensured by automatic measurement, and the problem that the constant-speed constant-force pressing is difficult to ensure by using a handheld puncture meter by an operator is solved; the modeling is not needed, probes with different specifications can be selected according to fruit varieties, and the method is suitable for measuring the firmness of various fruits; the invention does not need to peel during testing, thereby avoiding the problem that the thickness of each peeling can not be ensured to be uniform; the fruit can be edible after the firmness of the fruit is measured by using the method, so that the fruit waste is effectively avoided; in addition to non-destructive measurement of fruit firmness, the present invention can measure pulp firmness and simultaneously measure fruit crispness.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a hand-held type fruit firmness and fragility automated inspection instrument which characterized in that: comprises an upper shell (3), a lower shell (1), a control unit, a key unit, an actuating mechanism and a display unit; the fruit testing device comprises a key unit, a display unit, a control unit, an execution mechanism, a control unit, a display unit and a control unit, wherein the key unit is fixedly arranged at one end of an upper shell (3), the display unit is fixedly arranged in the upper shell (3) to display numerical values, the control unit is fixedly arranged in the upper shell (3) and a lower shell (1), the execution mechanism is fixedly arranged on the lower shell (1) and is arranged in the upper shell (3) and the lower shell (1), the output end of the execution mechanism is connected with a fruit to be tested, the key unit is connected with the control; the measuring command is sent through the key unit, the control unit receives the measuring command and drives the executing mechanism to apply pressure to the fruit to be measured, the output end of the executing mechanism measures the impedance of the fruit to be measured and the sound of the fruit in the cracking process, the executing mechanism transmits the impedance and the sound signals to the control unit, the control unit processes the data into firmness and brittleness data and stores the data, the control unit transmits the firmness and brittleness data to the display unit, and the display unit displays the firmness and brittleness of the fruit to be measured.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the actuating mechanism comprises a linear motor (2), a sliding table (9), a pressure sensor (10), an elastic component (11), a linear bearing (13), a fixed seat (14), an end cover (15), a gland (16), a probe (17), a guide rail (18) and a microphone (19); the linear motor (2) is fixedly arranged at one end of the lower shell (1), the output end of the linear motor (2) is fixedly connected with the sliding table (9), the guide rail (18) is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the lower shell (1), the lower end surface of the sliding table (9) is in sliding connection with the upper end surface of the guide rail (18), the sliding table (9) is in a two-layer step shape, a pressure sensor (10) is arranged on the upper step of the sliding table (9), one end of the pressure sensor (10) is fixedly arranged with the sliding table (9), the elastic component (11) mainly comprises two spring seats and a spring arranged between the two spring seats, the other end of the pressure sensor (10) is fixedly connected with one spring seat in the elastic component (11), a linear bearing (13) is fixedly arranged on the lower step of the sliding table (9), the linear bearing (13) is provided with a first central through hole, and a guide rod is coaxially and movably arranged in the first, another spring seat of the elastic component (11) is fixedly connected with one end of the guide rod, the other end of the guide rod penetrates through the linear bearing (13) and then is fixedly connected with one end of the probe (17), the probe (17) is movably installed on the fixed seat (14), the fixed seat (14) is fixedly installed between the upper shell (3) and the lower shell (1), the pressure sensor (10), the elastic component (11), the guide rod fixed seat (14), the central axis of the probe (17) and the central axis of the handheld fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument are in a straight line, the end cover (15) is fixedly installed on one end face of the upper shell (3) and the lower shell (1) on which the probe (17) is installed, a gland (16) is movably embedded between the outer periphery of the probe (17) and the end cover (15), and the end cover (15) is used as the output end of the execution mechanism and, the resistance of the fruit to be detected is detected through the probe (17), coaxial microphone through holes are further formed in the lower shell (1), the fixed seat (14) and the end cover (15), and the microphone (19) is fixedly installed in the microphone through holes and used for recording sound generated when the fruit is broken.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the control unit (12) comprises a Micro Control Unit (MCU), a sensor signal conditioning circuit, a microphone signal conditioning circuit and a motor driving circuit; the Micro Control Unit (MCU) is connected with the sensor signal conditioning circuit, the microphone signal conditioning circuit and the motor driving circuit, and the sensor signal conditioning circuit, the microphone signal conditioning circuit and the motor driving circuit are connected with the executing mechanism.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the sensor signal conditioning circuit is connected with the actuating mechanism, smoothes and amplifies a sensor original voltage signal sent by the actuating mechanism, and sends the processed signal to the control unit (12); the two input ends of the sensor signal conditioning circuit are respectively input with a positive pressure signal and a negative pressure signal of a pressure sensor (10), the positive pressure signal is respectively grounded through a capacitor, the positive pressure signal is input to a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5A, an output end of the amplifier U5A is connected to an inverting input end of an amplifier U5A through a resistor R21, an output end of an amplifier U5A is respectively connected to a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5D and grounded through a resistor R19 after passing through a resistor R18, the negative pressure signal is grounded after passing through a capacitor C25, one end of a resistor R25 is connected with a power supply, the other end of the resistor R25 is grounded after sequentially passing through a resistance wire and a resistor R29 of a slide rheostat Z5848, the negative pressure signal is respectively connected to a slide rheostat Z1 and a non-inverting input end of an amplifier U5B, the inverting input end of the amplifier U5A is sequentially, the slide end of the slide rheostat G1 is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5B, the output end of the amplifier U5B is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5B through a resistor R27, the output end of the amplifier U5B is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5D through a resistor R28, the output end of the amplifier U5D is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5D through a resistor R22 and a capacitor C23, the output end of the amplifier U5D is also connected to the non-inverting input end of the amplifier U5C, the output end of the amplifier U5C is connected to the inverting input end of an amplifier U5C through a resistor R23 and a capacitor C24 and then grounded through a resistor R26, the output end of the amplifier U5C is grounded through a resistor R20 and a capacitor C22 in sequence, and the output end of the amplifier U5C outputs a conditioned signal through.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the key unit comprises a measurement key (5), a power switch (6) and a data transmission key (8); the power switch (6) is connected with the power supply, the power switch (6) controls the on-off of the power supply, and the measuring key (5) and the data transmission key (8) are connected with the control unit.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus comprises: the power supply is a battery (4) arranged in the upper shell (3), and the battery (4) provides power for the hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises: the fruits to be detected are peach, apricot, plum, mango, orange, apple, pear, kiwi fruit, banana, tomato, strawberry and the like.
8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the apparatus comprises: the probe (17) is replaced according to different fruit requirements.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011412125.7A CN112630305B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011412125.7A CN112630305B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112630305A true CN112630305A (en) | 2021-04-09 |
| CN112630305B CN112630305B (en) | 2022-04-05 |
Family
ID=75308155
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011412125.7A Active CN112630305B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112630305B (en) |
Citations (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201561903U (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-08-25 | 上海铭翔药检仪器有限公司 | Medical dripping pill hardness tester |
| CN102612279A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Server cabinet |
| CN102706763A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-03 | 邹士恩 | Fruit hardness detection method and special electronic fruit hardness tester |
| US20130118227A1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-05-16 | Gifu University | Method for measuring crispness of food product |
| WO2013136765A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-19 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | Food texture measuring device and food texture measuring method |
| CN103558104A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-05 | 长江师范学院 | Coupling-bionics-based food crispness tester and testing method |
| CN204129052U (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-28 | 梅星圆 | Manual-automatic integrated physical property detecting instrument |
| CN105301099A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-02-03 | 吉林大学 | Food crispness detection method |
| JP2016093476A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-26 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Manducation feeling feedback device |
| CN105699491A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-06-22 | 浙江大学 | Online nondestructive detection apparatus and method for fruit firmness |
| CN207096012U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-03-13 | 温州一鼎仪器制造有限公司 | Portable fruit hardometer |
| CN108414376A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | The not damaged Peach fruits Determination of Hardness method for establishing model of portable |
| CN109142534A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-04 | 吉林化工学院 | Based on rattle signal to the method for pachyrhizus quality evaluation |
| CN109632543A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江大学 | Portable fruit hardness determination instrument |
| CN109891210A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-06-14 | 麦克赛尔株式会社 | Hardometer and hardness measurement method |
| CN110865158A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-06 | 浙江大学 | Nondestructive testing device and method for internal quality of fruit |
| WO2020097505A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Soft capacitive pressure sensors |
-
2020
- 2020-12-04 CN CN202011412125.7A patent/CN112630305B/en active Active
Patent Citations (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201561903U (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-08-25 | 上海铭翔药检仪器有限公司 | Medical dripping pill hardness tester |
| US20130118227A1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-05-16 | Gifu University | Method for measuring crispness of food product |
| CN102612279A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2012-07-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Server cabinet |
| WO2013136765A1 (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-19 | 国立大学法人広島大学 | Food texture measuring device and food texture measuring method |
| CN102706763A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-03 | 邹士恩 | Fruit hardness detection method and special electronic fruit hardness tester |
| CN103558104A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-05 | 长江师范学院 | Coupling-bionics-based food crispness tester and testing method |
| CN204129052U (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-28 | 梅星圆 | Manual-automatic integrated physical property detecting instrument |
| JP2016093476A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-05-26 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Manducation feeling feedback device |
| CN105301099A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-02-03 | 吉林大学 | Food crispness detection method |
| CN105699491A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-06-22 | 浙江大学 | Online nondestructive detection apparatus and method for fruit firmness |
| CN109891210A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-06-14 | 麦克赛尔株式会社 | Hardometer and hardness measurement method |
| CN207096012U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-03-13 | 温州一鼎仪器制造有限公司 | Portable fruit hardometer |
| CN108414376A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | The not damaged Peach fruits Determination of Hardness method for establishing model of portable |
| CN109142534A (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-01-04 | 吉林化工学院 | Based on rattle signal to the method for pachyrhizus quality evaluation |
| WO2020097505A1 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Soft capacitive pressure sensors |
| CN109632543A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-16 | 浙江大学 | Portable fruit hardness determination instrument |
| CN110865158A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-06 | 浙江大学 | Nondestructive testing device and method for internal quality of fruit |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| M. LUISA DEMATTÈ,NICOLA POJER,ISABELLA ENDRIZZI: "Effects of the sound of the bite on apple perceived crispness and hardness", 《FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE》 * |
| 张子涵,冯涛,梁义: "薯片断裂声学特性与硬度、脆度相关性研究", 《食品与机械》 * |
| 王燕霞，王晓蔓，关军锋: "梨果肉质地性状分析", 《中国农业科学》 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112630305B (en) | 2022-04-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101308086B (en) | Fruit internal quality on-line checking apparatus based on near infrared spectra technology | |
| CN109632543B (en) | Portable fruit hardness detecting instrument | |
| EP0655623B1 (en) | Relative resonant frequency shifts to detect cracks | |
| Stone et al. | Watermelon maturity determination in the field using acoustic impulse impedance techniques | |
| CN103048277A (en) | Non-destructive testing system and method for testing internal quality of fruit by using near-infrared spectra | |
| Wang et al. | Recent advances in portable devices for fruit firmness assessment | |
| CN101701869B (en) | Portable transmission noise meter for controlling engaging quality of bevel gear | |
| Khoshnam et al. | Acoustic testing for melon fruit ripeness evaluation during different stages of ripening | |
| CN112630305B (en) | Hand-held fruit firmness and brittleness automatic detection instrument | |
| IL109406A (en) | Method ad system for a mon-destructive determination of quality parameters in fresh produce | |
| CN106442138B (en) | Method and device for measuring gel strength | |
| CN107167522A (en) | Crack tester | |
| CN212645857U (en) | Ultrasonic transducer dynamic performance testing device | |
| CN211825515U (en) | Portable device for piezoelectric data acquisition of fruit hardness | |
| CN203479770U (en) | Digital and analogue dual-purpose ultrasonic fault detector | |
| CN115825563A (en) | TPS impedance intelligent test system and TPS structure health monitoring method | |
| CN111855800B (en) | Method for rapidly and nondestructively measuring shelf life or optimal edible period of fruit by acoustic vibration | |
| CN105891685A (en) | All-weather ultrasonic state monitoring device for substation equipment | |
| CN202710518U (en) | Watermelon ripeness detector | |
| CN113093307A (en) | Dipole transmitting transducer testing device and method | |
| CN113405752A (en) | Ultrasonic detection method for interface rigidity based on microwave network analysis | |
| CN201548394U (en) | Portable drive noise tester suitable for controlling meshing quality of bevel gears | |
| CN202403854U (en) | Statistics and analysis integrated pressure detection system | |
| CN115684074B (en) | Pear quality prediction method based on visible near infrared spectrum and migration learning | |
| CN115097085B (en) | Apple fruit brittleness grading method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |