CN111522728A - Method for generating automatic test case, electronic device and readable storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the specification discloses a method for generating an automatic test case, which monitors a service interface of a target service when the service interface is really called to obtain an input parameter and an output parameter of the service interface; recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data; generating a cache file according to the parameter input data, the parameter output data and the operation recording data; analyzing the cache file through a preset structured test framework, and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework from the cache file, wherein the structured test framework comprises a plurality of steps; and generating a use case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the specification relates to the technical field of data testing, in particular to a method for generating an automatic test case, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium.
Background
At present, the traditional software testing work is mainly that a tester writes a test case according to a requirement document, completes a testing task manually, and records a testing result. Moreover, with the advance of technology, automated testing means have been gradually introduced, and the repetitive regression testing work can be performed by means of automated testing.
In the prior art, when a case of an automated test is generated, a recording playback tool is generally used to automatically generate case data from real flow data by recording online flow, and perform playback online to complete regression and verification of service functions.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the specification provides a method for generating an automatic test case, an electronic device and a readable storage medium, wherein the real data generated case can reduce data noise and improve the accuracy of the case.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present specification provides a method for generating an automatic test case, including:
monitoring a service interface of a target service when the service interface is really called to obtain the input and output parameters of the service interface;
recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data;
generating a cache file according to the parameter input data, the parameter output data and the operation recording data;
analyzing the cache file through a preset structured test framework, and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework from the cache file, wherein the structured test framework comprises a plurality of steps;
and generating a use case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present specification provides an apparatus for generating an automated test case, including:
the interface monitoring unit is used for monitoring a service interface of a target service when the service interface is really called to obtain the input and output parameters of the service interface;
the recording unit is used for recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data;
a cache file generating unit, configured to generate a cache file according to the parameter entering data, the parameter exiting data, and the operation recording data;
the file analysis unit is used for analyzing the cache file through a preset structured test frame and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test frame from the cache file, wherein the structured test frame comprises a plurality of steps;
and the case generating unit is used for generating a case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
The third aspect of the embodiments of the present specification further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of the method for generating an automated test case when executing the program.
The fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present specification further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is executed by a processor, and the steps of the method for generating an automatic test case are described above.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the specification are as follows:
based on the technical scheme, the real call of the service interface is monitored to obtain the input and output parameters of the service interface; recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recorded data, further enabling the obtained parameter input, parameter output and operation recorded data to be generated in the real calling process, and generating use cases according to the parameter input, parameter output and operation recorded data, enabling each generated use case to be generated according to the data generated in the real calling process, enabling the data noise to be reduced due to the use cases generated by the real data, and improving the accuracy of the use cases; and the real and effective data generation use case is also a real use case, can be directly operated locally, and can effectively reduce the cost of debugging and debugging.
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FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for generating an automated test case according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario for generating an automated test case in an embodiment of the present specification;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for generating an automated test case in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of this specification.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific features of the embodiments and embodiments of the present specification are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, and are not limitations of the technical solutions of the present specification, and the technical features of the embodiments and embodiments of the present specification may be combined with each other without conflict.
In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present specification provides a method for generating an automated test case, including:
step S102, monitoring a service interface of a target service when the service interface is called to obtain the input and output of the service interface;
step S104, recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data;
step S106, generating a cache file according to the parameter input, the parameter output and the operation recording data;
step S108, analyzing the cache file through a preset structured test frame, and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test frame from the cache file, wherein the structured test frame comprises a plurality of steps;
and S110, generating a use case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
In step S102, the service interface may be monitored when a test tool is used to initiate a real call to the service interface, so as to obtain an entry parameter and an exit parameter of the service interface.
In this embodiment of the present specification, the testing tools are, for example, postman and soap, and thus, a real call can be initiated to the service interface through the testing tools.
Specifically, the service interface may be monitored when the application corresponding to the target service is started, so that the service interface may be monitored when the test tool is used to make a real call to the service interface.
Specifically, when the test tool is used to actually invoke the service interface, an Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) method may be used to monitor the service interface, and further, the entry and exit of the service interface may be collected.
For example, if the target service is a wallet service, the service interface is an interface for entering a wallet, and then the service interface is really called through postman, at this time, the AOP method is used to monitor the service interface, and if it is monitored that the user a enters the a wallet by inputting account information of the user a (for example, one or any combination of a mobile phone number, a specific character string, a two-dimensional code, a user name, a user ID, and the like), the account information of the user a can be collected through a method as an entry parameter of the service interface.
Step S104 is executed next, in this step, in the service interface execution process, there may be one or more operations of an add operation, a read query operation, an update operation, and a delete operation for a database, and a remote procedure call (rpc) operation, so that the execution operation may be obtained, the execution operation may be intercepted, the intercepted execution operation may be obtained, and then the intercepted execution operation may be recorded, so as to obtain the operation recording data.
Specifically, an execution operation in the service interface execution process may be first obtained, and then an operation type of the execution operation may be identified; intercepting the execution operation with the identified operation type to obtain the intercepted execution operation; and finally, recording the intercepted execution operation to obtain the operation recording data.
For example, taking the target service as a wallet service as an example, the service interface is really called by postman and monitored by using an AOP method, if it is monitored that the user a enters a wallet by inputting account information of the user a, and the wallet data of the user a stored in table2 of the database a is accessed through the service interface, at this time, a read query operation for the wallet data of the user a stored in table2 of the database a is monitored by using the AOP method, and after the read query operation is identified, the read query operation for the wallet data of the user a stored in table2 of the database a is intercepted, and the intercepted read query operation is recorded, so that the operation recording data is obtained.
And after receiving the reading query operation, the server reads the wallet data of the user a from the table2 of the database a and returns the wallet data, at this time, the returned wallet data of the user a is also monitored by the AOP method, and the returned wallet data of the user a is taken as the exit of the service interface.
Certainly, if rpc calling is further performed through the service interface, at this time, the operation recording data is recorded after rpc calling operation is identified through an AOP method, so that the operation recording data includes mock data corresponding to rpc calling operation, where the mock data may be data related to third-party applications such as loan amount, life payment, express delivery application, and riding application.
Therefore, the input parameter and the output parameter of the service interface can be monitored through the AOP method, the execution operation in the service interface execution process can also be recorded, and the operation recorded data is obtained, so that the service interface can be monitored through the AOP method to obtain the real data when the service interface is actually called, the obtained input parameter, the output parameter and the operation recorded data are generated in the actual calling process, and then the use cases are generated according to the input parameter, the output parameter and the operation recorded data, so that each generated use case is generated according to the data generated in the actual calling process, the use case generated by the real data can reduce the data noise, and the accuracy of the use case is improved; and the real and effective data generation use case is also a real use case, can be directly operated locally, and can effectively reduce the cost of debugging and debugging.
Therefore, the real and effective use cases (with low noise) are generated according to the relevant real data subsequently, the real and effective use cases can be directly operated locally, and the debugging cost can be effectively reduced.
And executing step S106, sorting the parameter entering data, the parameter leaving data and the operation recording data according to the user operation sequence, and generating the cache file according to the sorted data, wherein at this time, the cache file may be cached to improve the read-write speed of the cache file.
And executing step S108, presetting the structured test frame corresponding to the target service, so that the set structured frame is matched with the target service, analyzing the cache file through the structured frame, determining a correspondence between data in the cache file and steps in the structured test frame, and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test frame from the cache file according to the correspondence.
Specifically, the structured test framework may include a preparation step, a calling step, a checking step, and a cleaning step, wherein the preparation step corresponds to one or more of entry preparation data, mock preparation data, and the like; the calling step may correspond to data such as interface calling data; the checking step corresponds to one or more of data such as data checking data and data participating in checking in a database, the cleaning step corresponds to test data generated in the test process, the cleaning step is used for cleaning the test data generated in the test process, and according to the corresponding relation between each step and the data in the structured test frame, the preparation data corresponding to each step can be determined from the cache file.
Specifically, the cache file is analyzed, and each data in the cache file is determined; and according to the corresponding relation between each step in the structured test framework and the data, the preparation data corresponding to each step can be determined from the cache file. For example, the preparation step includes data such as entry preparation data and mock preparation data; at this time, data belonging to the preparation data type, such as account information and mock data of the user a, are searched from the cache file, and it is determined that the preparation data corresponding to the preparation step are the account information and mock data of the user a.
For example, taking the target service as a wallet service as an example, in the process of monitoring that a user a enters a wallet a by inputting account information of the user a and accesses related data of life payment through an AOP method, the monitored data includes account information (entry) of the user a, wallet data (exit) of the user a, the accessed related data of the life payment is mock data, data (database check data) of table2 of a database a, and the like, and according to the corresponding relationship between each step and data in the structured test framework, each monitored data corresponds to each step, so as to determine preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
Step S110 is executed next, after the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework is determined through step S108, the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework may be directly used to generate the use case, so that when the test tool actually calls the service interface each time, one use case is generated according to steps S102 to S110, that is, the use case can be automatically generated through the template of the structured test framework.
For example, referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of an application scenario for generating an automated test case in an embodiment of this specification is shown. The generation process of the use case comprises an interface calling layer 20, a data interception and recording layer 21, a result testing framework 22 and an automatic use case generation layer 23, wherein:
the interface calling layer 20 comprises a preparation request 201 phase, an interface calling 202 phase and the like, and in the accurate request 201 phase, namely in the joint debugging phase, a test tool such as postman or soap is used for initiating a request for actually calling the service interface; in the interface calling 202 stage, the service interface execution process comprises db operation 203, RPC calling 204, result returning 205 and other operations, wherein the db operation 203 comprises database adding operation, database reading query operation, database updating operation and database deleting operation.
The data interception recording layer 21 includes the steps of starting recording 211, recording db operation 212, recording rpc operation 213, recording result 214, and the like, in the step of starting recording 211, AOP monitoring can be started when the target application is started, and monitoring is finished after the target application exits; and recording db operation 212, recording rpc operation 213 and recording result 214 in the service interface execution process, wherein recording db operation 212 is to operate the table file in db; record rpc operation 213 records mock data; record result 214 records a return result; the overall execution flow of the steps of record db operation 212, record rpc operation 213 and record result 214 is: when the service interface is executed, different operation types are identified according to different execution operations, and data (such as entries and return values of tables and mock) are intercepted and recorded; and after the execution is finished, generating a cache file according to the recorded data.
The result testing framework 22 is preset, and the structured testing framework 22 includes a preparation step 221, a calling step 222, a checking step 223, and a cleaning step 224, and analyzes the recorded cache file through the structured testing framework 22 to analyze the cache file into different preparation data (e.g., db check data, return value data, mock data), and corresponds the analyzed preparation data to the steps in the structured testing framework 22.
The automatic case generation layer 23 may determine a case template according to steps in the result test frame 22, and then fill in each step in the case template according to preparation data analyzed by the structured test frame 22 to generate the case, and one case may be generated each time the service interface is called, and a plurality of cases such as case 1, case 2, case 3.
Therefore, the data interception recording layer 21, the result testing frame 22 and the automatic case generation layer 23 are used for intercepting and recording, and then recorded data are analyzed and packaged, so that the automatic testing case generation in the development stage can be quickly realized, not only can newly added service tests be dealt with, but also the regression scene of the change of the demand can be adapted, and meanwhile, because the joint debugging flow is based on the real triggering of the user, each case is a real and effective case (low noise) and a generated case; the problem of failure in local debugging can not be solved and the cost of troubleshooting is high when the use case is executed in a playback mode, but the use case generated by the method can be directly operated locally, and the debugging cost are relatively low.
Moreover, because the case data (such as database data, mock data and return data) for performing the interface test can be automatically generated through the steps S102-S110, manual writing is not needed, the case generation efficiency can be effectively improved, and the case writing cost is also reduced.
In another embodiment of the present specification, after the plurality of use cases are obtained through steps S102 to S110, the plurality of use cases may be directly used for performing an automated test, at this time, each use case is obtained real data of the service interface when the real call is performed, so that a real and effective use case (with low noise) of a use case generated subsequently according to the real data is obtained, and the real and effective use case may be directly run locally for performing an automated test, thereby effectively reducing the cost of debugging and debugging.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept as that of the first aspect, an embodiment of the present specification provides an apparatus for generating an automated test case, as shown in fig. 3, including:
an interface monitoring unit 301, configured to monitor a service interface of a target service when the service interface is actually called, so as to obtain an entry parameter and an exit parameter of the service interface;
a recording unit 302, configured to record an execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data;
a cache file generating unit 303, configured to generate a cache file according to the entry parameter, the exit parameter, and the operation recording data;
a file parsing unit 304, configured to parse the cache file through a preset structured test framework, and determine, from the cache file, preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework, where the structured test framework includes multiple steps;
a use case generating unit 305, configured to generate a use case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
In an optional implementation manner, the interface monitoring unit 301 is configured to monitor the service interface by using a facet-oriented programming method when the service interface is actually called, so as to obtain an ingress parameter and an egress parameter of the service interface.
In an optional implementation manner, the recording unit 302 is configured to obtain an execution operation in the execution process of the service interface; intercepting the execution operation to obtain the intercepted execution operation; and recording the intercepted execution operation to obtain the operation recording data.
In an optional implementation manner, the recording unit 302 is configured to identify an operation type of the execution operation, and intercept the execution operation with the identified operation type to obtain the intercepted execution operation.
In an optional implementation manner, the file parsing unit 304 is configured to parse the cache file through the structured testing framework, and determine a corresponding relationship between data in the cache file and steps in the structured testing framework; and determining the preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework from the cache file according to the corresponding relation.
In an optional implementation manner, the file parsing unit 304 is configured to parse the cache file, and determine a data type corresponding to each data in the cache file; and determining the corresponding relation between each data in the cache file and the steps in the structured test frame according to the data type corresponding to each data in the cache file and the data type corresponding to each step in the structured test frame.
In a third aspect, based on the same inventive concept as the method for generating the automated test case in the foregoing embodiment, an embodiment of this specification further provides an electronic device, as shown in fig. 4, including a memory 404, a processor 402, and a computer program stored in the memory 404 and executable on the processor 402, where the processor 402 implements the steps of any one of the foregoing methods for generating the automated test case when executing the program.
Where in fig. 4 a bus architecture (represented by bus 400), bus 400 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, bus 400 linking together various circuits including one or N processors, represented by processor 402, and memory, represented by memory 404. The bus 400 may also link together various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further herein. A bus interface 405 provides an interface between the bus 400 and the receiver 401 and transmitter 403. The receiver 401 and the transmitter 403 may be the same element, i.e., a transceiver, providing a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium. The processor 402 is responsible for managing the bus 400 and general processing, while the memory 404 may be used for storing data used by the processor 402 in performing operations.
In a fourth aspect, based on the inventive concept similar to the method for generating the automated test case in the foregoing embodiments, the present specification embodiment further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the methods for generating the automated test case.
The description has been presented with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the description. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present specification have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the specification.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the specification. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present specification fall within the scope of the claims of the present specification and their equivalents, the specification is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (14)
1. A method for generating an automatic test case comprises the following steps:
monitoring a service interface of a target service when the service interface is really called to obtain the input and output parameters of the service interface;
recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data;
generating a cache file according to the parameter input data, the parameter output data and the operation recording data;
analyzing the cache file through a preset structured test framework, and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework from the cache file, wherein the structured test framework comprises a plurality of steps;
and generating a use case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
2. The generation method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring the service interface when the service interface of the target service is called to obtain the ingress and egress parameters of the service interface includes:
and when the service interface is really called, monitoring the service interface by adopting a section-oriented programming method to obtain the input and output parameters of the service interface.
3. The generation method according to claim 2, wherein the recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data includes:
acquiring an execution operation in the execution process of the service interface;
intercepting the execution operation to obtain the intercepted execution operation;
and recording the intercepted execution operation to obtain the operation recording data.
4. The generation method according to claim 3, wherein the intercepting the execution operation to obtain the intercepted execution operation includes:
and identifying the operation type of the execution operation, and intercepting the execution operation with the identified operation type to obtain the intercepted execution operation.
5. The generation method according to claim 2, wherein the parsing the cache file through a preset structured test framework to obtain the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework includes:
analyzing the cache file through the structural frame, and determining the corresponding relation between the data in the cache file and the steps in the structural test frame;
and determining the preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework from the cache file according to the corresponding relation.
6. The generation method of claim 5, wherein the parsing the cache file through the structural framework to determine correspondence between data in the cache file and steps in the structural test framework comprises:
analyzing the cache file to determine a data type corresponding to each data in the cache file;
and determining the corresponding relation between each data in the cache file and the steps in the structured test frame according to the data type corresponding to each data in the cache file and the data type corresponding to each step in the structured test frame.
7. An automated test case generation apparatus, comprising:
the interface monitoring unit is used for monitoring a service interface of a target service when the service interface is really called to obtain the input and output parameters of the service interface;
the recording unit is used for recording the execution operation in the service interface execution process to obtain operation recording data;
a cache file generating unit, configured to generate a cache file according to the parameter entering data, the parameter exiting data, and the operation recording data;
the file analysis unit is used for analyzing the cache file through a preset structured test frame and determining preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test frame from the cache file, wherein the structured test frame comprises a plurality of steps;
and the case generating unit is used for generating a case according to the preparation data of each step in the structured test framework.
8. The generation apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the interface monitoring unit is configured to monitor the service interface by using a facet-oriented programming method when the service interface is actually called, so as to obtain the ingress and egress parameters of the service interface.
9. The generation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the recording unit is configured to obtain an execution operation in an execution process of the service interface; intercepting the execution operation to obtain the intercepted execution operation; and recording the intercepted execution operation to obtain the operation recording data.
10. The generation apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the recording unit is configured to identify an operation type of the execution operation, and intercept the execution operation with the identified operation type to obtain the intercepted execution operation.
11. The generation apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the file parsing unit is configured to parse the cache file through the structured testing framework, and determine a correspondence between data in the cache file and steps in the structured testing framework; and determining the preparation data corresponding to each step in the structured test framework from the cache file according to the corresponding relation.
12. The generation apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the file parsing unit is configured to parse the cache file to determine a data type corresponding to each data in the cache file; and determining the corresponding relation between each data in the cache file and the steps in the structured test frame according to the data type corresponding to each data in the cache file and the data type corresponding to each step in the structured test frame.
13. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-6 when executing the program.
14. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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