CN110963852A - Method for activating phosphorus in dry land soil - Google Patents

Method for activating phosphorus in dry land soil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110963852A
CN110963852A CN201911163488.9A CN201911163488A CN110963852A CN 110963852 A CN110963852 A CN 110963852A CN 201911163488 A CN201911163488 A CN 201911163488A CN 110963852 A CN110963852 A CN 110963852A
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phosphorus
soil
application
dry land
activator
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毛小云
姚欢丽
陈娴
杨俊颖
洪嘉乐
李吉宏
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South China Agricultural University
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South China Agricultural University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C05F5/008Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for activating phosphorus in dry land soil to reduce application of phosphate fertilizer, wherein the activation of the phosphorus in the dry land soil is realized by activating soil ineffective phosphorus through a phosphorus activator, and the application amount of the phosphorus activator and the application amount of chemical phosphate fertilizer are determined according to the phosphorus condition of the dry land soil. The phosphorus activator is prepared from one or more of humic acid, lignin or food factory waste, and is used as a base fertilizer to be mixed with plough layer soil or applied to the periphery of the rhizosphere of crops to activate the fixed phosphorus in the soil for the utilization of crops and reduce the application of phosphate fertilizer. The invention can obviously improve the effectiveness of soil phosphorus, reduce the application of phosphate fertilizer, obviously improve the crop yield and effectively reduce the loss of soil phosphorus.

Description

Method for activating phosphorus in dry land soil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural environment protection, relates to a soil nutrient element regulation and control technology and a solid waste treatment and disposal technology, and particularly relates to a method for activating dry land soil phosphorus and reducing phosphate fertilizer application.
Background
Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient element for plant growth and development. However, the global reserves of phosphorite resources are being depleted and phosphorus scarcity becomes one of the challenges for sustainable development in the 21 st century. In addition, after being applied to soil, water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is combined with Ca, Al, Fe and other ions and fixed in the soil quickly, Al-P is generally considered to be effective for crops in dry land soil, and other fixed metal phosphate is difficult to be absorbed and utilized by plants, so that the season utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is only 10% -25%. By 2010, the phosphorus residual quantity of soil in cultivated land of China is 5.9Mt, and the average surplus is 240kg/ha, which is about 10 times higher than that in 1980. Compared with cereal crops, the intensive crop rotation production characteristics of vegetable crops lead vegetable farmers to apply a large amount of chemical fertilizers to soil every year to ensure the yield, so that the phosphorus in the vegetable field soil is greatly accumulated, and the enrichment rate of the phosphorus is obviously higher than that of the cereal fields. Under the condition of continuous over thirty years of large-scale application of phosphate fertilizer, the phosphorus enriched in soil is lost along with surface runoff, which is an important reason for water eutrophication. According to the statistics of the first general survey of pollutants in China, the contribution of crop production to the environmental phosphorus emission is 26%, and in 2015, the State Council issues 'opinions on accelerating the change of agricultural development modes', and the use of phosphate fertilizers is required to be limited so as to reduce the influence of agricultural development on the environment.
The soil phosphorus activation technology is a key technical measure for improving the bioavailability of soil phosphorus and slowing down the risk of applying soil phosphate fertilizer. Chinese invention patents (CN103103150B, CN102533611B and CN110186920A) disclose a method for improving the effectiveness of soil phosphorus by adopting phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms. However, due to the disadvantages of complex strain screening and domestication, fast mutation, large influence on the survival rate of the applied strain by the environment and the like existing in the application of microorganisms, the effect is often unstable in the practical application. In recent years, organic fertilizer products have attracted attention in terms of replacing chemical phosphate fertilizers because of a certain phosphorus release effect (CN 110041112A). However, the unit farmland organic fertilizer is generally large in dosage (more than 300kg per mu), inconvenient to apply and difficult to popularize, and a large amount of phosphorus is brought in the organic fertilizer, so that the phosphorus surplus problem and the phosphorus loss risk also exist. Therefore, farmers in China still mainly apply chemical phosphate fertilizers until now, the average chemical phosphorus (P2O5) application amount in cultivated land in China in nearly ten years is about 60kg/ha year, and the environmental risk of phosphorus accumulation in cultivated land is increased year by year.
Aiming at the environmental problem existing in the mass application of the phosphate fertilizer, the invention discloses a method for activating the phosphorus in the dry land soil and reducing the application of the phosphate fertilizer on the basis of deeply researching the phosphorus activation mechanism of the dry land soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a dry land soil phosphorus activator which can effectively activate the fixed phosphorus in the dry land soil, provide phosphorus nutrients for crops, reduce the application of phosphate fertilizer on the premise of ensuring the phosphorus demand of the crops and relieve the risk of soil phosphorus loss and a using method thereof.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for activating the phosphorus in dry land to decrease the application of phosphate fertilizer features that the phosphorus activator is used to activate the ineffective phosphorus in soil. The application amount of the phosphorus activator is determined according to the phosphorus condition of soil.
Preferably, the phosphorus activator is applied at a ratio of:
Figure BDA0002283688370000021
in the table, the ratio of the activating agent to replace the phosphate fertilizer is calculated, wherein the total amount of the phosphate fertilizer is determined according to the local farmer habit application amount or the recommended phosphate fertilizer application amount of the soil testing formula fertilization.
Preferably, it is applied as a base fertilizer mixed with topsoil or applied directly around the crop rhizosphere.
A dry land soil phosphorus activator comprises one or more of humic acid, lignin and food waste as effective components. The preferred embodiment (range) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002283688370000022
more preferably still, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
Figure BDA0002283688370000023
wherein the humic acid is derived from lignite, the lignin is derived from black liquor of paper making, and the food waste comprises one or more of monosodium glutamate residue, waste yeast of brewery, and soy sauce residue of soy sauce factory.
In another embodiment, the composition and the parts by weight of the raw materials are respectively as follows:
raw materials in parts by mass
Humic acid 1
Food waste 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the phosphorus activator can obviously improve the content of water-soluble P and effective P in soil by chemical-microbial action. The chemical action of the Fe-P-Al-P-Fe-P-Al-P. As a class of high molecular organic compounds, the phosphorus activator has a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, mainly comprising hydroxyl, methoxy, carbonyl, carboxyl and the like, and the rich oxygen-containing groups have stronger surface activity and exchange, adsorption and complexing capabilities, and can effectively enhance physical, chemical and biological reactions with soil when acting on the surface of soil particles, thereby ensuring the continuous release of P and reducing the fixation of the soil to phosphorus. In addition, the addition of the activating agent also promotes the propagation of soil phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms to a certain extent, so that the dissolution and mineralization of soil insoluble phosphate are accelerated. In particular, the invention is further innovative in that the application amount of the phosphorus activator is determined according to the phosphorus condition of the paddy field soil and the application amount of the chemical phosphate fertilizer is reduced, thereby having higher practical value.
1. The product can activate the fixed phosphorus in the soil, has the yield increasing effect equivalent to that of the conventional phosphate fertilizer, does not need to apply other phosphate fertilizer products, and effectively reduces the application amount of the fertilizer.
2. The product of the invention is flexible and convenient to apply, and can be applied to replace water-soluble phosphate fertilizers in different proportions according to the P enrichment condition of different cultivated lands.
3. The product of the invention is derived from industrial and agricultural wastes, has low cost, does not increase the agricultural production cost, and has high use enthusiasm for farmers;
4. the product of the invention can effectively reduce the accumulation and loss of P in soil while ensuring the crop yield, reduce the environmental risk and provide technical support for agricultural sustainable development.
5. The product of the invention can be used as a base fertilizer to be applied to plough layer soil to plant crops, and has convenient use and good yield increasing effect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting, and any equivalents in the art which are made in accordance with the present disclosure are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: application of phosphorus activator to potted corn
The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value of the soil is 4.66, the total nitrogen content is 0.06%, the total phosphorus content is 0.16%, the total potassium content is 1.75%, the water-soluble phosphorus content is 67.16mg/kg, the effective phosphorus content is 417.03mg/kg, and the organic matter content is 2.82%. The planted corn variety is Huameinuo No. 7. Humic acid is from lignite, lignin is from paper-making black liquor, and food waste is waste yeast.
The pot experiment was carried out with 11 treatments (see table 1), each treatment was repeated 4 times, each pot was filled with 4Kg of soil, and the activators and phosphate fertilizers for each treatment were all used as base fertilizers and mixed with the soil uniformly. Wherein VCK0 is blank control without phosphate fertilizer, VCK1 is superphosphate, P2O5The dosage is 100 mg/kg; v1, V4 and V7 are respectively applied with three soil phosphorus activators but not with a phosphate fertilizer, V2, V5 and V8 are reduced by 50% of the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer compared with VCK1, and V3, V6 and V9 are reduced by 30% of the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer compared with VCK 1. The fertilization and sowing time and the daily management are the same in each treatment, uniform harvesting is carried out 45 days after sowing, and the biomass of the overground part is respectively measured.
TABLE 1 phosphorus fertilizer and activating agent used in each treatment
Figure BDA0002283688370000041
The results of the measurements (table 2) show that, with the product according to the invention, the biomass dry weight of the aerial parts increases by 8.01% to 36.54%, where humic acid: lignin: the yield increasing effect of the activating agent of the food waste material 1:2:3 is the best compared with that of the corn, can reach 26.79-36.54 percent and is obviously higher than that of CK1 treated by common calcium superphosphate; the application ratio is humic acid: lignin: the effect of 1:2:1 activator on corn biomass was comparable to the administration of calcium superphosphate. No matter what activator is used, the yield increasing effect of 50% reduction of phosphate fertilizer is the best. The product of the invention can completely replace the common phosphate fertilizer to ensure the yield increase of the corn and reduce the application amount of the common phosphate fertilizer by 50 percent.
TABLE 2 treatment of aboveground biomass
Figure BDA0002283688370000042
Figure BDA0002283688370000051
Example 2: application of phosphorus activator in pakchoi
The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value of the soil is 6.85, the total N is 0.05 percent, the total P is 0.12 percent, the total K is 1.19 percent, and the organic matter content is 1.68 percent. The Chinese cabbage variety is Shanghai Qing.
In 2019, 4-6 months, a field test of the application effect of the phosphorus activator on the pakchoi is developed on the farm of southern China agricultural university in Guangzhou city. The experimental set-up was 5 treatments without phosphate fertilizer (CK0), conventional fertilisation (CK1) and lignin (T1), an equal proportion mixture of lignin and humic acid (T2), monosodium glutamate residue (T3). Each cell area is 100.00m2Three replicates per treatment. Wherein, the humic acid is from lignite, the lignin is from paper-making black liquor, and the food waste is waste yeast.
The measurement results show that (table 2), the yield of the pakchoi is increased by 24.3-29.7% compared with the blank control without applying phosphate fertilizer and is even increased by about 4.9-9.4% compared with the treatment applying ordinary calcium superphosphate by applying the product of the invention. The product of the invention can completely replace common phosphate fertilizer to ensure the yield increase of the pakchoi
Table 2 application rates and Rice yields for the treatments
Figure BDA0002283688370000052
Example 3: application of phosphorus activator to pepper
The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: the pH value of the soil is 6.85, the total N is 0.05 percent, the total P is 0.12 percent, the total K is 1.19 percent, and the organic matter content is 1.68 percent.
The test set comprises 5 treatments of no phosphate fertilizer application (CK0), conventional fertilizer application (CK1), 70% common phosphate fertilizer application (T1) replaced by a phosphorus activator, 55% common phosphate fertilizer application (T2) replaced by a phosphorus activator, and 35% common phosphate fertilizer application (T3) replaced by a phosphorus activator. Each cell area is 100.00m2Three replicates per treatment. Humic acid is from lignite, lignin is from black liquor of paper making, and food waste is soy sauce residue.
The measurement results show that (Table 3), the yield of rice after the product of the invention is applied to replace the common phosphate fertilizer with different proportions is increased by 19.7-36.5% compared with the blank control without the phosphate fertilizer, even is obviously higher than the treatment with the common superphosphate, the yield is increased by about 13.1-35.7% compared with CK1, and the yield increasing effect is best when the replacement proportion is 30%. The method can be used for replacing common phosphate fertilizers with different proportions to achieve the effect of increasing the yield by aiming at the soil with different phosphorus enrichment conditions.
Table 3 application rates and Rice yields for the treatments
Figure BDA0002283688370000061

Claims (9)

1. A method of activating phosphorus-reducing phosphate fertilizer applications in dry land soil, the phosphorus activator application amount being: and determining the application amount of the phosphorus activator according to the phosphorus condition of the soil.
2. The method for activating phosphorus-reducing phosphate application in dry land soil of claim 1, wherein: the soil phosphorus condition and the activator substitution ratio are as follows:
Figure 329769DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
3. the method for activated dry land soil phosphorus-reducing phosphate fertilizer application of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the application method of the phosphorus activator comprises the following steps: the phosphorus activator is used as a base fertilizer to be uniformly mixed with plough layer soil, and then crops are transplanted.
4. The method for activated dry land soil phosphorus-reducing phosphate fertilizer application of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the application method of the phosphorus activator comprises the following steps: the phosphorus activator is applied around the root of the crop.
5. The method for activated dry land soil phosphorus-reducing phosphate fertilizer application of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the raw materials of the phosphorus activator comprise one or more of humic acid, lignin and food waste.
6. The method for activating phosphorus-reducing phosphate application in dry land soil of claim 5, wherein: the phosphorus activator comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
raw materials in parts by mass
Humic acid 1-2
1-3 Lignin
1-4 parts of food waste.
7. The method for activated dry land soil phosphorus-reducing phosphate fertilizer application of claim 6, wherein: the raw materials respectively comprise the following components in parts by weight:
raw materials in parts by mass
Humic acid 1
Lignin 1-2
1-3 parts of food waste.
8. The method for activated dry land soil phosphorus-reducing phosphate fertilizer application of claim 6, wherein: the raw materials respectively comprise the following components in parts by weight:
raw materials in parts by mass
Humic acid 1
Lignin 1.
9. The method for activating phosphorus-reducing phosphate application in dry land soil of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: the food waste is one or more of monosodium glutamate residue, waste yeast of brewery, and soy sauce residue of soy sauce factory.
CN201911163488.9A 2019-11-21 2019-11-21 Method for activating phosphorus in dry land soil Pending CN110963852A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112094155A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-18 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 Synergistic phosphate fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

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CN102951941A (en) * 2011-08-19 2013-03-06 石元亮 Raw phosphate fertilizer and its processing method
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112094155A (en) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-18 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 Synergistic phosphate fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20200407