CN109314672B - 用于在数据中心中交换网络业务的技术 - Google Patents

用于在数据中心中交换网络业务的技术 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109314672B
CN109314672B CN201780038785.3A CN201780038785A CN109314672B CN 109314672 B CN109314672 B CN 109314672B CN 201780038785 A CN201780038785 A CN 201780038785A CN 109314672 B CN109314672 B CN 109314672B
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China
Prior art keywords
network traffic
network
switch
sled
link layer
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CN201780038785.3A
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CN109314672A (zh
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M.J.阿迪莱塔
A.戈留斯
M.维尔德
M.T.克罗克
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Intel Corp
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

用于交换网络业务的技术包含网络交换机。网络交换机包含一个或更多个处理器和耦合到一个或更多个处理器的通信电路。通信电路能够交换多个链路层协议的网络业务。此外，网络交换机包含存储指令的一个或更多个存储器装置，所述指令在被执行时使网络交换机用通信电路通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务，并确定接收的网络业务的链路层协议。指令此外使网络交换机根据确定的链路层协议而转发网络业务。其它实施例也被描述了并且要求保护。

Description

用于在数据中心中交换网络业务的技术
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2016年12月30日提交的、序列号为15/395,203的、标题为“TECHNOLOGIES FOR SWITCHING NETWORK TRAFFIC IN A DATA CENTER”的美国实用专利申请的优先权，并且其要求下列美国临时专利申请的优先权：2016年7月22日提交的、申请号为62/365,969的美国临时专利申请；2016年8月18日提交的、申请号为62/376,859的美国临时专利申请；和2016年11月29日提交的、申请号为62/427,268的美国临时专利申请。
背景技术
在提供诸如云服务的计算服务的典型数据中心中，可以给多个计算装置指配工作负荷以为客户提供所请求的服务。考虑到此类数据中心中的双绞线铜缆线和对应连网组件（例如，交换机）的时延和带宽限制，可被利用成执行任何给定工作负荷的物理硬件资源（包含处理器、易失性和非易失性存储器、加速器装置（例如，协处理器、现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）、数字信号处理器（DSP）、专用集成电路（ASIC）等））和数据存储装置，通常被本地包含在每个计算装置中，而不是分散遍布数据中心。像这样，取决于指配的工作负荷的类型（例如，处理器密集但在存储器上轻量使用、存储器密集但在处理器上轻量使用等），数据中心可包含许多未使用的物理硬件资源，并且仍无法承担附加工作（在没有使计算装置过载的情况下）。
此外，一些典型的数据中心被设计成操作为高性能计算（HPC）集群，使用专用网络协议（例如，英特尔全路径（OmniPath））来协调工作负荷的通信和处理，而其它数据中心被设计成使用其它通信协议（诸如以太网）来进行通信。典型数据中心中的连网组件未配备成既管理HPC网络业务又管理其它类型的网络业务，由此限制了它们对特定工作负荷类型的实用性。
附图说明
本文描述的概念在附图中通过示例的方式而非通过限制的方式而被图示。为了图示的简洁和清晰起见，在附图中图示的元件不一定按比例绘制。在认为适当之处，参考标记在附图之间已经被重复以指示对应或类似的元件。
图1是根据各种实施例的数据中心的概念性概述的图解，其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术；
图2是图1的数据中心的机架的逻辑配置的示例实施例的图解；
图3是根据各种实施例的另一数据中心的示例实施例的图解，其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术；
图4是根据各种实施例的数据中心的另一示例实施例的图解，其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术；
图5是表示可以在图1、图3和图4的数据中心的各种滑板之间建立的链路层连接性的连接性方案的图解；
图6是根据一些实施例可以表示在图1-4中描绘的机架中的任何一个具体机架的架构的机架架构的图解；
图7是可与图6的机架架构一起使用的滑板的示例实施例的图解；
图8是为以扩展能力为特征的滑板提供支撑的机架架构的示例实施例的图解；
图9是根据图8的机架架构实现的机架的示例实施例的图解；
图10是设计成用于与图9的机架结合使用的滑板的示例实施例的图解；
图11是根据各种实施例的数据中心的示例实施例的图解，其中可以实现本文描述的一种或更多种技术；
图12是可用在图5的连接性方案中的交换机的至少一个实施例的简化框图；
图13是可由图5和12的交换机建立的环境的至少一个实施例的简化框图；以及
图14-15是可由图5、12和图13的交换机执行的用于交换网络业务的方法的至少一个实施例的简化流程图。
具体实施方式
虽然本公开的概念可容许各种修改和备选形式，但其特定实施例已经在附图中通过示例的方式被示出了，并且将在本文中被详细描述。然而，应该理解到，并不意图将本公开的概念限制于所公开的具体形式，而是相反，本发明将涵盖与本公开和所附权利要求书一致的所有修改、等效和备选方案。
在说明书中对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“说明性实施例”等的引用指示所描述的实施例可包含具体特征、结构或特性，但每一个实施例可包含或者可能不一定包含该具体特征、结构或特性。而且，此类短语不一定指的是同一实施例。另外，当具体特征、结构或特性结合实施例而被描述时，它被认为是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内以结合其它实施例来实现此类特征、结构或特性（不管是否明确描述了）。附加地，应该认识到，包含在以“至少一个A、B和C”的形式的列表中的项能意味着(A)、(B)、(C)、(A和B)、（A和C）、(B和C)或(A、B和C)。类似地，以“A、B或C中的至少一个”的形式列出的项可意味着(A)、(B)、(C)、(A和B)、（A和C）、(B和C)或(A、B和C)。
所公开的实施例在一些情况下可在硬件、固件、软件或它们的任何组合中被实现。所公开的实施例还可实现为由暂态或非暂态机器可读（例如计算机可读）存储介质携带的或存储在其上的指令，其可由一个或更多个处理器读取和执行。机器可读存储介质可以被实施为用于存储或传送以由机器（例如，易失性或非易失性存储器、介质盘或其它介质装置）可读形式的信息的任何存储装置、机构或其它物理结构。
在附图中，一些结构或方法特征可以按特定布置和/或排序示出。然而，应该认识到，可能不要求此类特定布置和/或排序。而是，在一些实施例中，此类特征可以按与在说明性附图中示出的方式和/或次序不同的方式和/或次序布置。附加地，在具体附图中包含的结构或方法特征不意味着意指此类特征在所有实施例中都被要求，并且在一些实施例中可能不包含此类特征，或者可与其它特征组合。
图1图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心100的概念性概述，所述数据中心100通常可以表示数据中心或其它类型的计算网络，在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术。如图1中所示的，数据中心100通常可以包含多个机架，每个机架可以安置包括相应的物理资源集合的计算设备。在图1中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，数据中心100包含四个机架102A至102D，其安置包括物理资源（PCR）105A至105D的相应集合的计算设备。根据此示例，数据中心100的物理资源106的共同集合包括分布在机架102A至102D之间的物理资源105A至105D的各种集合。物理资源106可以包括多种类型的资源，诸如-例如-处理器、协处理器、加速器、现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）、存储器和存储装置。实施例不限于这些示例。
说明性数据中心100在许多方面不同于典型的数据中心。例如，在说明性实施例中，其上放置诸如CPU、存储器和其它组件的组件的电路板（“滑板”）针对增加的热性能而设计。尤其，在说明性实施例中，滑板比典型的板更浅薄。换句话说，滑板从前到后较短（其中冷却风扇位于其处）。这降低了空气必须行进跨过板上组件的路径的长度。此外，滑板上的组件比起在典型的电路板中要间隔得更远，并且所述组件被布置成减少或消除遮蔽（即，另一组件的空气流动路径中的一个组件）。在说明性实施例中，诸如处理器的处理组件位于滑板的顶侧上，而诸如双列直插式存储器模块（DIMM）的近存储器或其它存储器模块或堆叠位于滑板的底侧上。作为通过此设计提供的增强的空气流动的结果，组件可以以比在典型系统更高的频率和功率级操作，由此增加性能。此外，滑板配置成与每个机架102A、102B、102C、102D中的功率和数据通信接口（例如缆线、母线排、光接口等）盲配对，从而增强它们被快速移除、升级、重新安装和/或更换的能力。类似地，位于滑板上的各个组件（例如处理器、加速器、存储器和数据存储驱动器）配置成被容易地升级（由于它们彼此增加的间隔）。在说明性实施例中，组件附加地包括硬件证明特征以证实其可靠性。
此外，在说明性实施例中，数据中心100利用支持多个其它网络架构（包括以太网和全路径（Omni-Path））的单个网络架构（“组构”）。在说明性实施例中，滑板经由光纤耦合到交换机，其提供比典型双绞线缆线（例如，类别5、类别5e、类别6等）更高的带宽和更低的时延。由于高带宽、低时延互连和网络架构，数据中心100可以使用物理上解聚的池资源（例如存储器，加速器（例如，图形加速器、FPGA、专用集成电路（ASIC）等），以及数据存储驱动器），并在按需的基础上将它们提供给计算资源（例如，处理器），使计算资源能够访问池化资源（就好像它们是本地的）。说明性数据中心100附加地接收各种资源的利用信息，基于过去的资源利用预测不同类型的工作负荷的资源利用，并基于此信息动态地重新分配资源。
数据中心100的机架102A、102B、102C、102D可以包括促进各种各样类型的维护任务的自动化的物理设计特征。例如，数据中心100可以使用设计成机器人式访问并且接受和安置机器人式可操纵的资源滑板的机架来实现。此外，在说明性实施例中，机架102A、102B、102C、102D包括集成功率源，其接收比对于功率源典型的电压更大的电压。增加的电压使功率源能够将附加功率提供到每个滑板上的组件，使组件能够以高于典型频率的频率进行操作。在说明性实施例中，功率源包含到电源单元（PSU）的277 VAC输入，以减小输入电流，并且降低如果使用较高输入电流来补偿较低输入电压而可能发生的损耗。附加地，在说明性实施例中，向每个滑板提供更多电流输入以允许每个滑板达到较高功率操作点。
图2图示了数据中心100的机架202的示范逻辑配置。如图2中所示的，机架202通常可以安置多个滑板，每个滑板可以包括相应的物理资源集合。在图2中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，机架202安置包括物理资源205-1至205-4的相应集合的滑板204-1至204-4，其每个构成在机架202中包括的物理资源206的共同集合的一部分 。针对于图1，如果机架202表示-例如-机架102A，则物理资源206可以对应于机架102A中包括的物理资源105A。在此示例的上下文中，物理资源105A因此可以由物理资源的相应集合组成，包括在机架202的滑板204-1至204-4中包括的物理存储资源205-1、物理加速器资源205-2、物理存储器资源204-3和物理计算资源205-5。实施例不限于此示例。每个滑板可以包含各种类型的物理资源（例如，计算、存储器、加速器、存储）中的每个的池。通过具有包括解聚资源的机器人式可访问和机器人式可操纵的滑板，每种类型的资源可以彼此独立地并且以其自己的优化刷新率升级。在说明性实施例中，“机器人可访问”和“机器人可操纵”意味着易于访问和易于操纵的，使得机器人或人可以完成操作。
图3图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心300的示例，所述数据中心300通常可以表示在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心。在图3中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，数据中心300包括机架302-1至302-32。在各种实施例中，数据中心300的机架可以以如定义和/或容纳各种访问路径的此种方式布置。例如，如图3中所示的，数据中心300的机架可以以如定义和/或容纳访问路径311A、311B、311C和311D的此种方式布置。在一些实施例中，此类访问路径的存在可以通常使自动化维护设备（例如机器人维护设备）能够以物理地访问安置在数据中心300的各种机架中的计算设备并执行自动化维护任务（例如，更换故障的滑板、升级滑板）。在各种实施例中，可以选择访问路径311A、311B、311C和311D的尺寸、机架302-1至302-32的尺寸，和/或数据中心300的物理布局的一个或多个其它方面以促进此类自动化操作。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
图4图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心400的示例，所述数据中心400通常可以表示在其中/针对其可以实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心。如图4中所示的，数据中心400可以以光组构412为特征。光组构412通常可以包括光信令介质（例如光缆，本文也称为光纤或光纤束）和光交换基础设施的组合，光交换基础设施包含可被包含在中心位置406中的一个或更多个交换机515（本文也称为网络交换机），数据中心400中的任何具体滑板可以经由它们将信号发送到数据中心400中的每个其它滑板以及接收来自数据中心400中的每个其它滑板的信号。光组构412提供到任何给定滑板的信令连接性可以包括到相同机架中的其它滑板和其它机架中的滑板二者的连接性。在图4中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，数据中心400包括四个机架402A至402D。机架402A至402D安置滑板的相应对404A-1和404A-2、404B-1和404B-2、404C-1和404C-2以及404D-1和404D-2。因此，在此示例中，数据中心400包括总共八个滑板。经由光组构412，每个此类滑板可以拥有与数据中心400中的其它七个滑板中的每个的信令连接性。例如，经由光组构412，机架402A中的滑板404A-1可以拥有与机架402A中的滑板404A-2的信令连接性，以及与分布在数据中心400的其它机架402B、402C和402D之间的其它六个滑板404B-1、404B-2、404C-1、404C-2、404D-1和404D-2的信令连接性。实施例不限于此示例。
图5图示了连接性方案500的概述，所述连接性方案500通常可以表示在一些实施例中可以在数据中心（例如图1、3和4的示例数据中心100、300和400中的任何一个）的各种滑板之间建立的链路层连接性。可以使用以多模式光交换基础设施514为特征的光组构来实现连接性方案500。多模式光交换基础设施514通常可以包括交换基础设施，其能够根据多个链路层协议经由相同的统一光信令介质集合接收通信，并适当地交换此类通信。在各种实施例中，可以使用一个或多个多模式光交换机515来实现多模式光交换基础设施514。在各种实施例中，多模式光交换机515通常可以包括高基（high-radix）交换机。在一些实施例中，多模式光交换机515可以包括多层交换机，例如四层交换机。在各种实施例中，多模式光交换机515可以以集成硅光子学为特征（与常规交换装置相比，使它们能够通过显著减少的时延交换通信）。在一些实施例中，多模式光交换机515可以构成叶脊架构中的叶交换机530，其附加地包括一个或多个多模式光脊交换机520。
在各种实施例中，多模式光交换机515可以能够经由光组构的光信令介质接收携带因特网协议（IP分组）的以太网协议通信和根据第二高性能计算（HPC）链路层协议（例如，Intel的全路径架构的无限带（InfiniBand））的通信。可以包含其它本机协议，诸如原始加速互通信协议、存储协议或甚至未在现有IP或全路径组构协议内嵌入或遂穿的应用特定的协议。如图5中所反映的，针对于拥有到光组构的光信令连接性的滑板504A和504B的任何具体对，连接性方案500因此可以经由以太网链路和HPC链路提供对链路层连接性的支持。因此，可以由单个高带宽、低时延交换组构支持以太网和HPC通信二者。实施例不限于此示例。在一些实施例中，交换机515在数据中心100中的中心位置（例如，中心位置406），而不是位于机架内，由此使人能够容易地访问交换机515。此外，每个滑板504可以耦合到四个交换机515，每个交换机515提供总带宽的四分之一，诸如200千兆比特每秒上游和200千兆比特每秒下游的总带宽的50千兆比特每秒上游光纤连接和50千兆比特每秒下游光纤连接。在其它实施例中，总带宽可以是与200千兆比特每秒上游和200千兆比特每秒下游不同的量。例如，在其它实施例中，每个光纤可以提供大于50千兆比特每秒上游和大于50千兆比特每秒下游。作为结果，每个滑板504可以接收200千兆比特每秒的总上游带宽和200千兆比特每秒的总下游带宽。通过在多个交换机515之间扩充带宽，如果任何一个交换机515变得不可操作，则其它四分之三的带宽（例如，150千兆比特）保持可用。像这样，此类实施例中的连接性方案比其中所有可用带宽都整合在单个交换机中的实施例更具故障容忍度。
图6图示了根据一些实施例的机架架构600的一般概述，所述机架架构600可以表示图1至4中描绘的机架中的任何具体机架的架构。如图6中所反映的，机架架构600通常可以以滑板可以插入其中的多个滑板空间为特征，每个滑板空间可以经由机架访问区域601而机器人式或人为可访问。在图6中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，机架架构600以五个滑板空间603-1至603-5为特征。滑板空间603-1至603-5以相应的多功能连接器模块（MPCM）616-1至616-5为特征。当滑板被插入到滑板空间603-1至603-5中的任一给定滑板空间中时，对应MPCM（例如，MPCM 616-3）可以与插入的滑板的配对物MPCM耦合。这种耦合可以给插入的滑板提供到在其中安置它的机架的信令基础设施和功率基础设施的连接性。包含在由机架架构600容纳的滑板的类型之间的可以是以扩展能力为特征的一种或更多种类型的滑板。
图7图示了可以表示此类类型的滑板的滑板704的示例。如图7中所示的，滑板704可以包括物理资源705集合，以及MPCM 716，其被设计成当滑板704插入到滑板空间（例如图6的任何滑板空间603-1至603-5）中时与对应物MPCM耦合。滑板704还可以以扩展连接器717为特征。扩展连接器717通常可以包括插座、插槽或其它类型的连接元件（其能够接受一种或多种类型的扩展模块，例如扩展滑板718）。通过与扩展滑板718上的对应物连接器耦合，扩展连接器717可以为物理资源705提供对驻留在扩展滑板718上的补充计算资源705B的访问。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
图8图示了可以表示机架架构的机架架构800的示例，所述机架架构可以被实现以便为以扩展能力为特征的滑板（例如图7的滑板704）提供支持。在图8中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，机架架构800包括七个滑板空间803-1至803-7，其以相应的MPCM 816-1至816-7为特征。滑板空间803-1至803-7包括相应的主区域803-1A至803-7A和相应的扩展区域803-1B至803-7B。针对于每个此类滑板空间，当对应的MPCM与插入的滑板的对应物MPCM耦合时，主区域通常可以构成滑板空间的区域，其可以物理地容纳插入的滑板。扩展区域通常可以构成滑板空间的区域，其可以物理地容纳扩展模块，例如图7的扩展滑板718（在插入的滑板配置有此类模块的情况下）。
图9图示了根据一些实施例的机架902的示例，其可以表示根据图8的机架架构800实现的机架。在图9中描绘的具体非限制性示例中，机架902以七个滑板空间903-1至903-7为特征，其包括相应的主区域903-1A至903-7A和相应的扩展区域903-1B至903-7B。在各种实施例中，可以使用空气冷却系统来实现机架902中的温度控制。例如，如图9中所反映的，机架902可以以多个风扇919为特征，风扇919通常布置成在各种滑板空间903-1至903-7内提供空气冷却。在一些实施例中，滑板空间的高度大于常规的“1U”服务器高度。在此类实施例中，如与常规机架配置中使用的风扇相比，风扇919通常可以包括相对慢的大直径冷却风扇。相对于以较高速度运行的较小直径的冷却风扇，以较低的速度运行较大直径的冷却风扇可以增加风扇寿命，同时仍然提供相同的冷却量。滑板比常规的机架尺寸物理上更浅薄。此外，在每个滑板上布置组件以减少热遮蔽（即，不在空气流动方向上串联布置）。因此，更宽、更浅薄的滑板允许装置性能的增加，因为由于改进的冷却（即，没有热遮蔽、装置之间的更多空间、针对更大散热片（heatsink）的更多空间等），装置可以以更高的热封套（例如，250W）操作。
MPCM 916-1至916-7可以配置成为插入的滑板提供对由相应的功率模块920-1至920-7供应的功率的使用，每个功率模块可以从外部功率源921汲取功率。在各种实施例中，外部功率源921可以向机架902递送交流（AC）功率，并且功率模块920-1至920-7可以配置成将此类AC功率转换为要供应到插入的滑板的直流（DC）功率。在一些实施例中，例如，功率模块920-1至920-7可以配置成将277伏AC功率转换成12伏DC功率，以经由相应的MPCM 916-1至916-7提供给插入的滑板。实施例不限于此示例。
MPCM 916-1至916-7还可以被布置成为插入的滑板提供到多模式光交换基础设施914的光信令连接性，多模式光交换基础设施914可以与图5的多模式光交换基础设施514相同或与其类似。在各种实施例中，包含在MPCM 916-1至916-7中的光连接器可以被设计成与插入的滑板的MPCM中包含的对应物光连接器耦合，以经由相应长度的光缆922-1至922-7（本文也称为光纤）为此类滑板提供到多模式光交换基础设施914的光信令连接性。在一些实施例中，每个此类长度的光缆可以从其对应的MPCM延伸到在机架902的滑板空间外部的光互连织机(loom)923。在各种实施例中，光互连织机923可以布置成通过支撑柱或者机架902的其它类型的负荷承载元件。实施例不限于在此上下文中。由于插入的滑板经由MPCM连接到光交换基础设施，因此可以节省通常花费在手动配置机架缆线以容纳新插入的滑板的资源。
图10图示了根据一些实施例的滑板1004的示例，其可以表示设计用于与图9的机架902结合使用的滑板。滑板1004可以以MPCM 1016为特征，MPCM 1016包括光连接器1016A和功率连接器1016B，并且被设计成与滑板空间的对应物MPCM耦合（与将MPCM 1016插入到该滑板空间中结合）。将MPCM 1016与此类对应物MPCM耦合可以使功率连接器1016与对应物MPCM中包括的功率连接器耦合。这通常可以使滑板1004的物理资源1005能够经由功率连接器1016和功率传输介质1024从外部源供应功率，功率传输介质1024将功率连接器1016导电地耦合到物理资源1005。
滑板1004还可以包括多模式光网络接口电路1026。多模式光网络接口电路1026通常可以包括能够根据由图9的多模式光交换基础设施914支持的多个链路层协议中的每个通过光信令介质进行通信的电路。在一些实施例中，多模式光网络接口电路1026可以具有以太网协议通信和根据第二高性能协议的通信二者的能力。在各种实施例中，多模式光网络接口电路1026可以包括一个或多个光收发器模块1027，每个光收发器模块1027可以能够通过一个或多个光通道中的每个来传送和接收光信号。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
将MPCM 1016与给定机架中的滑板空间的对应物MPCM耦合可以使光连接器1016A与对应物MPCM中包括的光连接器耦合。这通常可以经由光通道1025集合中的每个在多模式光网络接口电路1026和滑板的光缆之间建立光连接性。多模式光网络接口电路1026可以经由电信令介质1028与滑板1004的物理资源1005通信。除了用于提供改进的冷却并使能以相对较高的热封套（例如，250W）操作的滑板上的组件的布置和滑板的尺寸之外（如上面参考图9所描述的），在一些实施例中，滑板可包括一个或多个附加特征以促进空气冷却，例如热管和/或散热片（布置成耗散由物理资源1005生成的热）。值得注意的是，尽管图10中描绘的示例滑板1004没有以扩展连接器为特征，但以滑板1004的设计元件为特征的任何给定滑板也可以根据一些实施例以扩展连接器为特征。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
图11图示了根据各种实施例的数据中心1100的示例，所述数据中心1100通常可以表示在其中/针对其可实现本文描述的一种或多种技术的数据中心。如图11中反映的，可以实现物理基础设施管理框架1150A以促进管理数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A。在各种实施例中，物理基础设施管理框架1150A的一个功能可以将要管理数据中心1100内的自动化维护功能，例如使用机器人维护设备来服务物理基础设施1100A内的计算设备。在一些实施例中，物理基础设施1100A可以以先进的遥测系统为特征，所述遥测系统执行遥测报告，所述遥测报告足够鲁棒以支持物理基础设施1100A的远程自动化管理。在各种实施例中，由此类先进的遥测系统提供的遥测信息可以支持诸如故障预测/预防能力和容量规划能力的特征。在一些实施例中，物理基础设施管理框架1150A还可以配置成使用硬件证明技术来管理物理基础设施组件的认证。例如，机器人可以在安装之前通过分析从与要安装的每个组件关联的射频标识（RFID）或其它物理标签收集的信息来验证组件的可靠性。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
如图11中所示的，数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A可以包括光组构1112，其可以包括多模式光交换基础设施1114。光组构1112和多模式光交换基础设施1114可以分别与图4的光组构412和图5的多模式光交换基础设施514相同或与其类似，并且可以在数据中心1100的滑板之间提供高带宽、低时延、多协议连接性。如上面所讨论的，参考图1，在各种实施例中，此类连接性的可用性可以使解聚和动态地池化诸如加速器、存储器和存储的资源可行。在一些实施例中，例如，一个或多个池化加速器滑板1130可以包括在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A之间，每个物理基础设施1100A可以包括加速器资源池 - 例如协处理器、专门处理器和/或FPGA - 例如-其经由光组构1112和多模式光交换基础设施1114对其它滑板全局可访问。
在另一示例中，在各种实施例中，一个或多个池化存储滑板1132可以包括在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A之间，每个物理基础设施1100A可以包括可用于经由光组构1112和多模式光交换基础设施1114对其它滑板全局可访问的存储资源池。在一些实施例中，此类池化存储滑板1132可以包括固态存储装置（例如固态驱动器（SSD））的池。在各种实施例中，一个或多个高性能处理滑板1134可以包括在数据中心1100的物理基础设施1100A之间。在一些实施例中，高性能处理滑板1134可以包括高性能处理器池以及冷却特征（其增强空气冷却以产生高达250W或更高的较高热封套）。在各种实施例中，任何给定的高性能处理滑板1134可以以扩展连接器1117为特征，所述扩展连接器1117可以接受远存储器扩展滑板，使得对该高性能处理滑板1134本地可用的远存储器从包括在该滑板上的近存储器以及处理器中解聚。在一些实施例中，此类高性能处理滑板1134可以被配置有远存储器（使用包括低时延SSD存储装置的扩展滑板）。光基础设施允许一个滑板上的计算资源以利用远程加速器/ FPGA、存储器和/或SSD资源（其在位于相同机架或数据中心中的任何其它机架上的滑板上解聚）。远程资源可以位于在上面参考图5描述的脊-叶网络架构中。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
在各种实施例中，可以将一个或多个抽象的层应用于物理基础设施1100A的物理资源，以便定义虚拟基础设施，例如软件定义的基础设施1100B。在一些实施例中，可以分配软件定义的基础设施1100B的虚拟计算资源1136以支持云服务1140的预备。在各种实施例中，可以对虚拟计算资源1136的具体集合进行分组以用于为云服务1140作预备（以SDI服务1138的形式）。云服务1140的示例可以包括-但不限于-软件即服务（SaaS）服务1142、平台即服务（PaaS）服务1144，以及基础设施即服务（IaaS）服务1146。
在一些实施例中，可以使用虚拟基础设施管理框架（SDI）1150B来进行软件定义的基础设施1100B的管理。在各种实施例中，虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B可以被设计成结合管理到云服务1140的虚拟计算资源1136和/或SDI服务1138的分配来实现工作负荷指纹识别技术和/或机器学习技术。在一些实施例中，虚拟基础设施管理框架1150B可以结合执行此类资源分配来使用/咨询遥测数据。在各种实施例中，可以实现应用/服务管理框架1150C，以便为云服务1140提供QoS管理能力。实施例不限于在此上下文中。
现在参考图12，在说明性实施例中，交换机515是多模式光交换机，其通过光连接（例如，光组构1112）与滑板（例如，滑板704、1004）连接以提供比使用典型的双绞线缆线（例如，类别5、类别5e、类别6等）与计算装置连接的交换机更高的带宽和更低的时延。更高的带宽和更低的时延的互连使得能够池化资源，诸如存储器、加速器（例如，图形加速器、FPGA、ASIC等）和物理上分解的数据存储装置，以供计算资源（例如，处理器）用于根据需要执行工作负荷。更确切地说，由光连接和对应交换机515提供的高带宽和低时延使位于数据中心100、300、400中各个位置的物理资源206（图2中所示）能够提供类似的响应性，就好像他们对于利用它们的处理器是本地的一样。此外，在说明性实施例中，交换机515是多模式的，这意味着，它能够交换（即，转发）根据两个或更多个不同链路层协议（诸如HPC链路层协议（例如，英特尔全路径）、以太网或任何其它专用通信协议、诸如原始加速器互通信协议、存储协议或者甚至未在现有因特网协议（IP）或全路径协议中嵌入/遂穿的应用特定协议）而格式化的网络业务。
仍参考图12，交换机515可被实施为能够执行本文描述的功能的任何类型的装置，这些功能包含：通过光连接从一个或更多个装置接收网络业务；确定网络业务的通信协议；使用该通信协议确定网络业务的目的地装置，并通过另一个光连接向目的地装置转发网络业务。例如，交换机515可以被实施为计算机、多处理器系统或网络设施（例如，物理的或虚拟的）。如图12所示，说明性交换机515包含中央处理单元（CPU）1202、主存储器1204、输入/输出（I/O）子系统1206、通信电路1208以及一个或更多个数据存储装置1212。当然，在其它实施例中，交换机515可包含其它或附加组件，诸如通常在计算机中发现的组件(例如显示器、外围装置等)。附加地，在一些实施例中，其中一个或更多个说明性组件可被结合在另一组件中，或以别的方式形成另一组件的一部分。例如，在一些实施例中，主存储器1204或其部分可被合并在CPU 1202中。
CPU 1202可被实施为能够执行本文描述的功能的任何类型的处理器。CPU 1202可被实施为单核或多核处理器、微控制器或者其它处理器或处理/控制电路。在一些实施例中，CPU 1202可被实施为、包含或耦合到现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）、专用集成电路（ASIC）、可重配置硬件或硬件电路或者促进本文描述的功能执行的其它专门硬件。类似地，主存储器1204可被实施为能够执行本文描述的功能的任何类型易失性（例如，动态随机存取存储器（DRAM）等）或非易失性存储器或数据存储装置。在一些实施例中，主存储器1204的全部或部分可被集成到CPU 1202中。在操作中，主存储器1204可存储在操作期间使用的各种软件和数据，诸如网络业务数据、协议数据、地址数据、操作系统、应用、程序、库和驱动器。
I/O子系统1206可以被实施为促进与CPU 1202、主存储器1204和交换机515的其它组件的输入/输出操作的电路和/或组件。例如，I/O子系统1206可被实施为或以别的方式包含存储器控制器中枢、输入/输出控制中枢、集成传感器中枢、固件装置、通信链路（例如，硅光子器件、点对点链路、总线链路、导线、缆线、光导、印刷电路板迹线等）和/或促进输入/输出操作的其它组件和子系统。在一些实施例中，I/O子系统1206可以形成片上系统(SoC)的一部分，并且与CPU 1202、主存储器1204和交换机515的其它组件中的一个或更多个一起合并在单个集成电路芯片上。
通信电路1208可被实施为能够使能通过网络在交换机515与其它装置（例如，其它交换机515或滑板704）之间通信的任何通信电路、装置或它们的集合。在说明性实施例中，通信电路1208包含与上面参考图10描述的多模式光网络接口电路1026类似的组件。通信电路1208可配置成使用多种通信技术（例如，有线或无线通信）和关联的协议（例如，英特尔无限带（InfiniBand）、以太网、Bluetooth®、Wi-Fi®、WiMAX等）来实现此类通信。在说明性实施例中，通信电路1208被配置成通过参考图11描述的光组构1112进行通信。
说明性通信电路1208包含一个或更多个端口逻辑1210。在说明性实施例中，每个端口逻辑1210可被实施为光收发器模块1027。每个端口逻辑1210可被实施为一个或更多个内插板、子卡、网络接口卡、控制器芯片、芯片集或可由交换机515用于通过网络（例如，多模式光交换基础设施514、914、1114）连接其它装置（例如，其它交换机515和/或滑板704）的其它装置。在说明性实施例中，一个或更多个端口逻辑1210一起使能与多个其它装置（例如，多达1024个其它装置）的同时通信。另外，在说明性实施例中，每个装置连接到端口逻辑1210，其中一个光纤用于传入网络业务（例如，帧），而另一个光纤用于传出网络业务。在一些实施例中，端口逻辑1210可被实施为包含一个或更多个处理器的片上系统(SoC)的一部分，或者被包含在也含有一个或更多个处理器的多芯片封装上。在一些实施例中，每个端口逻辑1210可包含本地处理器（未示出）和/或本地存储器（未示出），它们对于端口逻辑1210都是本地的。在此类实施例中，端口逻辑1210的本地处理器可以能够执行本文描述的CPU1202的其中一个或更多个功能。附加地或备选地，在此类实施例中，端口逻辑1210的本地存储器可在板级、插座级、芯片级和/或其它级被集成到交换机515的一个或更多个组件中。
一个或更多个说明性数据存储装置1212可被实施为配置成用于数据的短期存储或长期存储的任何类型装置，诸如例如存储器装置和电路、存储器卡、硬盘驱动器、固态驱动器或者其它数据存储装置。每个数据存储装置1212可包含存储用于数据存储装置1212的数据和固件代码的系统分区。每个数据存储装置1212还可包含存储操作系统的可执行文件以及数据文件的操作系统分区。
附加地，交换机515可包含显示器1214。显示器1214可被实施为或以其它方式使用任何合适的显示技术，例如包含液晶显示器（LCD）、发光二极管（LED）显示器、阴极射线管（CRT）显示器、等离子显示器和/或在计算装置中可使用的其它显示器。显示器1214可以包括使用任何合适的触摸屏输入技术来检测用户对显示器上显示的信息的触觉选择的触摸屏传感器，包括但不限于：电阻式触摸屏传感器、电容式触摸屏传感器、表面声波（SAW）触摸屏传感器、红外触摸屏传感器、光成像触摸屏传感器、声学触摸屏传感器和/或其它类型的触摸屏传感器。
附加地或备选地，交换机515可包含一个或更多个外围装置1216。此类外围装置1216可以包括通常在计算装置中找到的任何类型的外围装置，诸如扬声器、鼠标、键盘和/或其它输入/输出装置、接口装置和/或其它外围装置。
现在参考图13，在说明性实施例中，交换机515在操作期间可建立环境1300。说明性环境1300包含网络通信器1320、协议确定器1330和网络业务交换器（switcher）1340。环境1300的每一个组件可被实施为硬件、固件、软件或它们的组合。像这样，在一些实施例中，环境1300的其中一个或更多个组件可被实施为电气装置的集合或电路（例如，网络通信器电路1320、协议确定器电路1330、网络业务交换器电路1330等）。应该认识到，在此类实施例中，网络通信器电路1320、协议确定器电路1330或网络业务交换器电路1340中的一个或更多个可以形成CPU 1202、主存储器1204、I/O子系统1206和/或交换机515的其它组件中的一个或更多个的一部分。该电路可被实施为执行实现期望功能的代码的专用硬件或通用处理器。在说明性实施例中，环境1300包含网络业务数据1302，其可被实施为从源装置（例如，另一交换机515或驻留在滑板704上的物理资源705（例如处理器））接收的一组数据（例如，帧），目标是另一个装置（例如，另一个交换机515或驻留在滑板704上的物理资源705（例如处理器）），并且依照对应的通信协议进行格式化。附加地，说明性环境1300包含协议数据1304，其指示各种通信协议的格式（例如，帧大小、帧内字段的位置和大小和/或通常嵌入在具体通信协议的帧中的一个或更多个代码）和规则（例如，帧内标识目的地地址的位置、关于是否立即转发帧或者延迟一段定义的时间转发、是否以及如何确认接收等的定时信息）以便依照对应协议交换网络业务。另外，说明性环境1300包含地址数据1306，其指示连接到本交换机515和与每一个装置关联的光纤所连接之处的对应物理端口的装置（例如，驻留在滑板704上的物理资源705（例如处理器）和/或交换机515）的唯一地址（例如，媒体访问控制地址）。
在说明性环境1300中，网络通信器1320（其可被实施为硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、仿真架构和/或它们的组合，如上面所论述的）配置成分别促进来往于交换机515的入站和出站网络通信（例如，网络业务、网络帧、网络分组、网络流等）。为此，网络通信器1320被配置成接收和处理来自一个装置（例如，另一个交换机515或滑板704）的网络业务（例如，帧），并按照网络业务的对应协议（例如，HPC通信协议、以太网协议等），使用在网络业务中（例如，在帧报头中）编码的地址数据，将网络业务转发到另一个装置（例如，另一个交换机515或滑板704）。相应地，在一些实施例中，网络通信器1320的至少部分功能性可由通信电路1208执行，并且在说明性实施例中由一个或更多个NICS 1210执行。
协议确定器1330（其可被实施为硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、仿真架构和/或它们的组合，如上面所论述的）被配置成分析网络业务数据1302的接收帧，标识帧的格式，诸如通过标识帧的大小、帧内的字段（诸如报头和有效负荷），和/或标识字段内指示由交换机支持的具体通信协议的一个或更多个代码。在这么做时，协议确定器1330可以被配置成将所标识的帧的格式与协议数据1304进行比较，以标识匹配以及用于交换网络业务的对应规则。
网络业务交换器1340（其可被实施为硬件、固件、软件、虚拟化硬件、仿真架构和/或它们的组合，如上面所论述的）被配置成标识网络业务的每帧要被转发到的装置的地址，这通过以下方式进行：依照所标识的网络协议从帧中提取数据（例如，通过从在协议数据中所规定的帧内的具体位置提取数据）；读取地址数据1306以将所标识的地址与NICS 1210的物理端口（例如，光信道1025）匹配，其中匹配所标识的地址的装置被连接到交换机515；并且向网络通信器1320发出通过物理端口向对应装置传送网络数据的帧的请求。
现在参考图14，在使用中，交换机515可执行用于交换网络业务的方法1400。方法1400开始于框1402，其中交换机515确定是否交换网络业务。在说明性实施例中，如果交换机515被通电并且连接到网络（例如，多模式光交换基础设施514、914、1114），则交换机515确定交换网络业务。在其它实施例中，交换机515可以基于其它因素确定是否交换网络业务。无论如何，响应于交换网络业务的确定，在说明性实施例中，方法1400前进到框1404，其中交换机515接收要转发（即，交换）的网络业务。可依照多个所支持的链路层通信协议（包含高性能计算（HPC）协议（例如英特尔无限带等）或另一类型的链路层通信协议（诸如以太网））中的任何协议来格式化网络业务。
在接收到网络业务时，交换机515可以通过光连接（例如，连接到通信电路1208的光纤）接收网络业务，如框1406中所指示的。另外，在说明性实施例中，在接收到要转发的网络业务时，交换机515通过具有链路的总带宽的一部分（例如，四分之一或其它部分）的连接（例如，200千兆比特每秒链路的50千兆比特每秒连接、400千兆比特每秒链路的100千兆比特每秒连接、800千兆比特每秒链路的200千兆比特每秒连接等）来接收网络业务，如框1408中所指示的。如本文所描述的，在说明性实施例中，交换机515是数据中心100中一起为数据中心中的装置（例如，滑板704）提供每秒千兆比特总量的连接的多个交换机（例如，四个交换机）之一。在接收网络业务时，交换机515可以从滑板704接收网络业务，如框1410中所指示的。作为示例，从滑板704接收的网络业务可以是来自执行指配给滑板704的工作负荷的结果，或者可以是从一个滑板704到另一个滑板704以执行具体操作（例如，检索数据、压缩数据、加密数据等）的指令，或者这种操作的结果（例如，检索的数据、压缩的数据、加密的数据等）。像这样，交换机515可以从计算滑板704（诸如包含一个或更多个处理器（例如，物理计算资源205-4）的滑板704）接收网络业务，如框1412中所指示的。附加地或备选地，交换机515可以从存储滑板704（诸如包含一个或更多个数据存储装置（例如，物理存储资源205-1）的滑板704）接收网络业务，如框1414中所指示的。交换机515可附加地或备选地从加速器滑板704（诸如包含一个或更多个协处理器、现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）或用于执行计算的其它专用硬件（例如，物理加速器资源205-2）的滑板704）接收网络业务，如框1416中所指示的。附加地或备选地，交换机515可以从存储器滑板704（诸如包含一个或更多个存储器装置（例如，物理存储器资源205-3）的滑板704）接收网络业务，如框1418中所指示的。交换机515可附加地或备选地从另一个交换机接收网络业务，如框1420中所指示的。在这么做时，交换机515可以从叶-脊架构中的叶交换机（例如，图5的叶交换机530）接收网络业务，如框1422中所指示的。备选地，交换机515可以从叶-脊架构中的脊交换机（例如，图5的脊交换机520）接收网络业务，如框1424中所指示的。
仍参考图14，在接收到网络业务之后，方法1400前进到框1426，其中交换机515确定网络业务的链路层协议，如框1426中所指示的。在这么做时，交换机515可以确定网络业务是否包含以太网协议业务或HPC网络业务，如框1428中所指示的。附加地或备选地，交换机515可以确定网络业务是否包含不同网络协议（例如，不同于以太网或HPC业务）的业务，如框1430所指示的。如上面所论述的，交换机515可以通过标识帧的方面（诸如帧的大小、帧内的字段和/或包含在帧中的一个或更多个代码）并将这些方面与协议数据1304相比较以确定其中是否包含匹配协议（即，匹配所标识的方面的一组参考方面）来确定网络业务的类型。在确定链路层协议之后，方法1400前进到图15的框1432，其中交换机515转发网络业务。
现在参考图15，在框1432，交换机515根据链路层协议（例如，根据在协议数据1304中定义的对应规则）转发网络业务。在这么做时，在说明性实施例中，交换机515根据链路层协议来确定目的地地址，如框1434中所指示的。在这么做时，在说明性实施例中，交换机515标识每帧网络业务要被转发到的装置的地址，这通过以下方式进行：依照所标识的通信协议从帧中提取数据（例如，通过从在协议数据1304中所规定的帧内的具体位置提取数据）并读取地址数据1306以将所标识的地址匹配到NICS 1210的物理端口，其中连接匹配所标识的地址的装置。在框1436中，在说明性实施例中，交换机515将网络业务转发到目的地地址。在说明性实施例中，在转发网络业务时，交换机515通过上面匹配的物理端口传送网络数据的帧。另外，在说明性实施例中，交换机515通过光连接（例如，光纤）转发网络业务，如框1438中所指示的。而且，在说明性实施例中，在转发网络业务时，交换机515通过具有链路的总带宽的一部分（例如，四分之一或其它部分）的连接（例如，200千兆比特每秒链路的50千兆比特每秒连接、400千兆比特每秒链路的100千兆比特每秒连接、800千兆比特每秒链路的200千兆比特每秒连接等）来转发网络业务，如框1440中所指示的。
仍参考图15，如框1442中所指示的，在转发网络业务时，交换机515可以将网络业务转发到滑板704。在这么做时，交换机515可以向计算滑板704转发网络业务，如框1444中所指示的。备选地，交换机515可以向存储滑板704转发网络业务，如框1446中所指示的。如框1448中所指示的，交换机515可以向加速器滑板704转发网络业务。备选地，如框1450中所指示的，交换机515可以向存储器滑板704转发网络业务。如框1452中所指示的，交换机515可以备选地将网络业务转发到另一个交换机515，诸如转发到叶交换机530，如框1454中所指示的，或者转发到脊交换机，如框1456中所指示的。在转发网络业务之后，方法1400循环回到图14的框1402，以确定是否继续交换网络业务。
示例
下面提供了本文公开的技术的说明性示例。技术的实施例可包含下面描述的示例中的任一个或更多个以及它们的任何组合。
示例1包含网络交换机，网络交换机包括：一个或更多个处理器；通信电路，耦合到一个或更多个处理器，其中所述通信电路将协助一个或更多个处理器交换多个链路层协议的网络业务；一个或更多个存储器装置，在其中存储了多个指令，所述指令当被执行时使所述网络交换机以：用所述通信电路通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务；确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议，其中根据多个链路层协议之一格式化所述接收的网络业务；以及根据确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发所述网络业务。
示例2包含示例1的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务。
示例3包含示例1和2中任一示例的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务。
示例4包含示例1-3中任一示例的主题，并且其中从滑板接收所述网络业务包括从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收网络业务。
示例5包含示例1-4中任一示例的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务。
示例6包含示例1-5中任一示例的主题，并且其中从另一个网络交换机接收所述网络业务包括从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务。
示例7包含示例1-6中任一示例的主题，并且其中所述多个指令进一步使所述网络交换机转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的业务。
示例8包含示例1-7中任一示例的主题，并且其中确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议包括：确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议。
示例9包含示例1-8中任一示例的主题，并且其中根据所述确定的链路层协议而转发所述网络业务包括：根据所述确定的链路层协议而确定所述网络业务的目的地地址。
示例10包含示例1-9中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括用所述通信电路通过到滑板或另一网络交换机之一的另一光连接转发所述网络业务。
示例11包含示例1-10中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
示例12包含示例1-11中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接转发所述网络业务。
示例13包含示例1-12中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括向包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个转发网络业务。
示例14包含一种用于交换网络业务的方法，包括：由网络交换机通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务；由所述网络交换机确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议，其中所述确定的链路层协议是由所述交换机支持的多个链路层协议之一；以及由所述网络交换机根据所述确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发所述网络业务。
示例15包含示例14的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务。
示例16包含示例14和15中任一示例的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务。
示例17包含示例14-16中任一示例的主题，并且其中从滑板接收所述网络业务包括从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收网络业务。
示例18包含示例14-17中任一示例的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务。
示例19包含示例14-18中任一示例的主题，并且其中从另一个网络交换机接收所述网络业务包括从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务。
示例20包含示例14-19中任一示例的主题，并且进一步包含：由网络交换机转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的网络业务。
示例21包含示例14-20中任一示例的主题，并且其中确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议包括：确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议。
示例22包含示例14-21中任一示例的主题，并且其中根据所述确定的链路层协议而转发所述网络业务包括：根据所述确定的链路层协议而确定所述网络业务的目的地地址。
示例23包含示例14-22中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括通过到滑板或另一网络交换机之一的另一光连接转发所述网络业务。
示例24包含示例14-23中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
示例25包含示例14-24中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接转发所述网络业务。
示例26包含示例14-25中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括向包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个转发网络业务。
示例27包含一个或更多个机器可读存储介质，其包括其上存储的多个指令，所述指令响应于被执行而使网络交换机执行示例14-26中任一示例的方法。
示例28包含网络交换机，其包括：一个或更多个处理器；耦合到一个或更多个处理器的通信电路；一个或更多个存储器装置，在其中存储了多个指令，所述指令当执行时使网络交换机执行示例14-26中任一示例的方法。
示例29包含包括用于执行示例14-26中任一示例的方法的部件的网络交换机。
示例30包含网络交换机，其包括：网络通信器电路，用于通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务；协议确定器电路，用于确定接收的网络业务的链路层协议，其中根据多个链路层协议之一而格式化接收的网络业务；以及网络业务交换器电路，用于根据确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发网络业务。
示例31包含示例30的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务。
示例32包含示例30和31中任一示例的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务。
示例33包含示例30-32中任一示例的主题，并且其中从滑板接收所述网络业务包括从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收网络业务。
示例34包含示例30-33中任一示例的主题，并且其中接收所述网络业务包括从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务。
示例35包含示例30-34中任一示例的主题，并且其中从另一个网络交换机接收所述网络业务包括从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务。
示例36包含示例30-35中任一示例的主题，并且其中网络业务交换器电路进一步转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的业务。
示例37包含示例30-36中任一示例的主题，并且其中确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议包括：确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议。
示例38包含示例30-37中任一示例的主题，并且其中根据所述确定的链路层协议而转发所述网络业务包括：根据所述确定的链路层协议而确定所述网络业务的目的地地址。
示例39包含示例30-38中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括通过到滑板或另一网络交换机之一的另一光连接转发所述网络业务。
示例40包含示例30-39中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
示例41包含示例30-40中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接转发所述网络业务。
示例42包含示例30-41中任一示例的主题，并且其中转发所述网络业务包括向包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个转发网络业务。
示例43包含网络交换机，其包括：用于通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务的电路；用于确定接收的网络业务的链路层协议的部件，其中根据多个链路层协议之一中的一个而格式化接收的网络业务；以及用于根据确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发网络业务的部件。
示例44包含示例43的主题，并且其中用于接收所述网络业务的电路包括用于通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务的电路。
示例45包含示例43和44中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于接收所述网络业务的电路包括用于从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务的电路。
示例46包含示例43-45中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于从滑板接收所述网络业务的电路包括用于从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收网络业务的电路。
示例47包含示例43-46中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于接收网络业务的电路包括用于从另一个网络交换机接收网络业务的电路。
示例48包含示例43-47中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于从另一个网络交换机接收所述网络业务的电路包括用于从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务的电路。
示例49包含示例43-48中任一示例的主题，并且进一步包含：用于转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的网络业务的部件。
示例50包含示例43-49中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议的部件包括：用于确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议的部件。
示例51包含示例43-50中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于根据所述确定的链路层协议而转发所述网络业务的部件包括：用于根据所述确定的链路层协议而确定所述网络业务的目的地地址的部件。
示例52包含示例43-51中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于转发所述网络业务的部件包括用于通过到滑板或另一网络交换机之一的另一光连接转发网络业务的部件。
示例53包含示例43-52中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于转发所述网络业务的部件包括用于向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务的部件。
示例54包含示例43-53中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于转发所述网络业务的部件包括用于通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接转发网络业务的部件。
示例55包含示例43-54中任一示例的主题，并且其中用于转发所述网络业务的部件包括用于向包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个转发网络业务的部件。
示例56包含数据中心，其包括：多个机架，每个机架包含多个滑板；一个或更多个多模式光交换机，其通过光连接耦合到滑板，其中机架不包括机架顶部的交换机。
示例57包含示例56的主题，并且其中一个或更多个交换机包括多个交换机，并且每个交换机通过上游光连接和下游光连接而连接到每一个滑板。
示例58包含示例56和57中任一示例的主题，并且其中每个光连接提供交换机链路的总带宽的四分之一。
示例59包含示例56-58中任一示例的主题，并且其中滑板的第一子组将用第一链路层协议通信；并且滑板的第二子组将用不同于第一链路层协议的第二链路层协议通信；并且一个或更多个交换机将至少用第一链路层协议和第二链路层协议同时在多个滑板之间交换网络业务。
示例60包含示例56-59中任一示例的主题，并且其中第一链路层协议是非以太网协议，而第二链路层协议是以太网协议。
示例61包含示例56-60中任一示例的主题，并且其中一个或更多个交换机包括布置在叶-脊架构中的多个交换机。
示例62包含示例56-61中任一示例的主题，并且其中每个滑板包括一个或更多个物理资源，所述一个或更多个交换机包括四个交换机，每个滑板耦合到四个交换机中的每一个，并且每个滑板的每个物理资源耦合到四个交换机。
示例63包含示例56-62中任一示例的主题，并且其中一个或更多个交换机被布置在两层交换机架构中。
示例64包含示例56-63中任一示例的主题，并且其中至少一个交换机是以总交换机链路带宽的四分之一连接到每个滑板的脊交换机。
示例65包含示例56-64中任一示例的主题，并且其中脊交换机附加地以总交换机链路带宽连接到一个或更多个其它连接。
示例66包含示例56-65中任一示例的主题，并且其中至少一个脊交换机是多个脊交换机。
示例67包含数据中心，其包括：一层脊交换机；多个机架，其中每个机架包括多个滑板，并且其中每个滑板将会将多个其它滑板与该层脊交换机连接。
示例68包含数据中心，其包括两层交换机系统，该系统包含：一层脊交换机；以及连接到该层脊交换机的一层叶交换机；以及多个机架，其中每个机架包含多个滑板，并且其中每个滑板将会将多个其它滑板与两层交换机系统连接。

Claims (36)

1.一种网络交换机，包括：
一个或更多个处理器；
通信电路，耦合到所述一个或更多个处理器，其中所述通信电路将协助所述一个或更多个处理器交换多个链路层协议的网络业务；
一个或更多个存储器装置，在其中存储了多个指令，所述指令当被执行时使所述网络交换机：
用所述通信电路通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务；
确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议，其中所述接收的网络业务是根据所述多个链路层协议之一被格式化的；以及
根据所述确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发所述网络业务。
2.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中接收所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务。
3.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中接收所述网络业务包括从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务。
4.如权利要求3所述的网络交换机，其中从滑板接收所述网络业务包括从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收所述网络业务。
5.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中接收所述网络业务包括从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务。
6.如权利要求5所述的网络交换机，其中从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务包括从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务。
7.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中所述多个指令进一步使所述网络交换机转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的业务。
8.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议包括：确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议。
9.如权利要求8所述的网络交换机，其中根据所述确定的链路层协议转发所述网络业务包括：根据所述确定的链路层协议确定所述网络业务的目的地地址。
10.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中转发所述网络业务包括用所述通信电路通过另一光连接向滑板或另一网络交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
11.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中转发所述网络业务包括向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
12.如权利要求1所述的网络交换机，其中转发所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接转发所述网络业务。
13.一种用于交换网络业务的方法，包括：
由网络交换机通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务；
由所述网络交换机确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议，其中所述确定的链路层协议是由所述交换机支持的多个链路层协议之一；以及
由所述网络交换机根据所述确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发所述网络业务。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中接收所述网络业务包括通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中接收所述网络业务包括从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中从滑板接收所述网络业务包括从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收所述网络业务。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中接收所述网络业务包括从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，其中从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务包括从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括由所述网络交换机转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的网络业务。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议包括确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其中根据所述确定的链路层协议转发所述网络业务包括根据所述确定的链路层协议确定所述网络业务的目的地地址。
22.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中转发所述网络业务包括通过另一光连接向滑板或另一网络交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
23.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中转发所述网络业务包括向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务。
24.一个或更多个机器可读存储介质，包括在其上存储的多个指令，所述指令响应于被执行而使网络交换机执行权利要求13-23中任一项所述的方法。
25.一种网络交换机，包括：
一个或更多个处理器；
通信电路，耦合到所述一个或更多个处理器；
一个或更多个存储器装置，在其中存储了多个指令，所述指令当被执行时使所述网络交换机执行权利要求13-23中任一项所述的方法。
26.一种设备，包括：
用于通过光连接接收要转发的网络业务的部件；
用于确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议的部件，其中所述确定的链路层协议是由交换机支持的多个链路层协议之一；以及
用于根据所述确定的链路层协议向目的地网络装置转发所述网络业务的部件。
27.如权利要求26所述的设备，其中用于接收所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于通过提供链路的总带宽的四分之一的光连接接收网络业务的部件。
28.如权利要求26所述的设备，其中用于接收所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于从耦合到所述光连接的滑板接收所述网络业务的部件。
29.如权利要求28所述的设备，其中用于从滑板接收所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于从包含一个或更多个处理器的计算滑板、包含一个或更多个数据存储装置的存储滑板、包含一个或更多个协处理器或现场可编程门阵列的加速器滑板或者包含一个或更多个存储器装置的存储器滑板中的至少一个接收所述网络业务的部件。
30.如权利要求26所述的设备，其中用于接收所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务的部件。
31.如权利要求30所述的设备，其中用于从另一网络交换机接收所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于从叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机接收所述网络业务的部件。
32.如权利要求26所述的设备，进一步包括用于转发两个或更多个不同链路层协议的网络业务的部件。
33.如权利要求26所述的设备，其中用于确定所述接收的网络业务的链路层协议的所述部件包括用于确定所述链路层协议是以太网协议、高性能计算（HPC）协议还是其它专用通信协议的部件。
34.如权利要求33所述的设备，其中用于根据所述确定的链路层协议转发所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于根据所述确定的链路层协议确定所述网络业务的目的地地址的部件。
35.如权利要求26所述的设备，其中用于转发所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于通过另一光连接向滑板或另一网络交换机之一转发所述网络业务的部件。
36.如权利要求26所述的设备，其中用于转发所述网络业务的所述部件包括用于向叶-脊网络架构中的叶交换机或脊交换机之一转发所述网络业务的部件。
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