CN108355215A

CN108355215A - Casing for being minimized to the dilution of administration during nitrogen oxide delivers

Info

Publication number: CN108355215A
Application number: CN201810150325.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: C·弗拉纳根; S·弗里德; J·克劳斯; T·科尔曼; M·D·麦格拉森; M·奈杜; P·沙阿
Original assignee: Mallinckrodt Medical Products Intellectual Property Co
Current assignee: Mallinckrodt Medical Products Intellectual Property Co; Mallinckrodt Hospital Products IP Unlimited Co
Priority date: 2012-12-04
Filing date: 2013-12-04
Publication date: 2018-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2033-12-04
Also published as: JP6573830B2; AU2013355303B2; IL277164A; KR102223425B1; KR20150103015A; KR20230010776A; DK3636306T3; BR112015013095A2; US9032959B2; CN108355215B; EA201590813A1; AU2022200646B2; US20150238720A1; US9550039B2; HUE032029T2; US20140150789A1; KR20210024687A; US20140158121A1; CN108355219A; AU2022200646A1

Abstract

The present invention generally more particularly to can improve the accuracy of nitrogen oxide therapy and/or the system of accuracy, device, material and method for example, by reducing the dilution to the nitrogen oxide (NO) of sucking.As described in this article, NO dilutions may occur due to many factors.In order to reduce the dilution to expected NO dosage, various illustrative nasal cannulas, pneumatic configuration, manufacturing method and application method etc. are disclosed.

Description

Casing for being minimized to the dilution of administration during nitrogen oxide delivers

The application be international application no be PCT/US2013/073082, international filing date be on December 4th, 2013, invention The PCT international applications of entitled " casing for being minimized to the dilution of administration during nitrogen oxide delivers " are in June, 2015 Application No. is points of the National Phase in China patent application of " CN 201380068828.4 " after entrance National Phase in China on the 29th Case application.

Technical field

Present invention relates in general to the accuracy for improving nitrogen oxide therapy and/or accuracy, reduction to the nitrogen oxide of sucking Dilution and/or ensure the intranasal mixing of patient.

Background technology

Nitrogen oxide (NO) gas makes the blood vessel dilatation in lung when being inhaled into, to oxygen-increasing blood and mitigation pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, some nitrogen oxides that the imbedibility breathing gas form in the gas containing treatment is provided for the patient with pulmonary hypertension.

Typically, the NO of sucking in carrier gas by means of the patient for wearing ICU lung ventilators/ICU ventilator dependencies The respiratory siphon of patient or Anesthetic Patients or the nasal cannula for spontaneous respiration patient are from high pressure source (such as pressurized cylinder) with ring Border pressure is delivered to patient close to environmental pressure.When flow velocity be in pulsating when, for example, due to may occur dose dilution it Therefore accurate and consistent dosage is delivered to patient by nasal cannula may be especially challenging.

Therefore, it is necessary to the new methods and equipment of the administration in the delivery catheter for preventing dilution nitrogen oxide delivery device And the method for the such equipment of manufacture.

Invention content

The aspect of the present invention is related to can be by the reverse flow of oxygen, air and/or other gases in NO therapy processes And/or infiltration minimize, while allow NO be delivered to nostril one or two nostril modified form nasal cannula.Such set Pipe can by using can limit oxygen diffuse through casing wall shell material and/or coating and/or using that can prevent it is common The casing that the O2 of delivering mixed and/or reduced the reverse patient end for flowing through casing with NO configures to reduce the dosage to being delivered Dilution.

The aspect of the present invention further relates to the method that will be minimized to the dilution of NO dosage.The other aspects of the present invention are related In therapy and/or method of administration using these nasal cannulas.The present invention other aspects be related to manufacture multitube chamber casing and The method of its asoscope bridge.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula of the invention can be used for extremely needing at least one treatment gas delivery Want its patient.Nasal cannula may include the first tube chamber, the second tube chamber and third tube chamber.Nasal cannula can also include set osing Jing Qiao.First tube chamber can be by the first treatment gas delivery to needing its patient, the second tube chamber can to send pressure change To pressure change sensor and/or respiration transducer, third tube chamber can treat gas delivery to patient by second, and/or Casing asoscope bridge may include the individual flow path that the first tube chamber, the second tube chamber and third tube chamber lead to patient.At least one Kind treatment gas can be nitrogen oxide.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula of the invention can be used for delivering treatment gas to patient.Nasal cannula can To include the first tube chamber, the second tube chamber and/or third tube chamber.First tube chamber can be by the first treatment gas delivery to patient First treatment gas tube chamber, the second tube chamber can be triggering tube chamber, and third tube chamber can be by second treat gas delivery Second to patient treats gas tube chamber.In addition, casing asoscope bridge can allow the first treatment gas tube chamber, triggering tube chamber And/or second treatment gas tube chamber lead to the individual flow path of patient.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can be reduced in the first and second treatment gases to being delivered to patient One or more dilutions, and/or can be configured so as to it is at least one for patient delivering first and/or second The system for treating gas, which is in, to be in fluid communication.Nasal cannula can inhibit nitrogen oxide and oxygen mix and/or nasal cannula that can subtract Few nitrogen dioxide is delivered to patient.

In an exemplary embodiment, one or more in the first and second treatment gases are delivered to patient for controlling Treat pulmonary hypertension.In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can by first and/or second treatment gas delivery to patient so as to Treat pulmonary hypertension, the secondary pulmonary hypertension of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary hypertension (PAH) form, spy The secondary pulmonary hypertension of hair property pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and/or the secondary pulmonary hypertension of sarcoidosis.First treatment gas and the second treatment Gas can be different gas or identical gas.In an exemplary embodiment, the first treatment gas can be oxidation Nitrogen, and the second treatment gas can be oxygen, and/or can be less than for delivering the first treatment gas tube chamber of nitrogen oxide and use Gas tube chamber and/or triggering tube chamber are treated in the second of delivering oxygen.In an exemplary embodiment, the first treatment flue Chamber can be used for delivering nitrogen oxide, and/or can be with about six feet to about eight feet of length, extremely with about 0.01 inch About 0.10 inch of internal diameter.In an exemplary embodiment, triggering tube chamber can be with about six feet to about eight feet of length Degree, with about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch of internal diameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first treatment gas can be nitrogen oxide and/or casing asoscope bridge may include Nitrogen oxide flow path, nitrogen oxide flow path can have the internal diameter for the internal diameter for being likely less than the first treatment gas tube chamber. In exemplary implementation scheme, the first treatment gas can be nitrogen oxide and/or casing asoscope bridge may include nitrogen oxide flowing Path, nitrogen oxide flow path have about 10% volume of the minimum pulse volume for being likely less than nitrogen oxide pulse.Casing May include that have may be betweenWithBetween low oxygen transmission rate wall Material.

In an exemplary embodiment, casing can also include the 4th tube chamber, and the 4th tube chamber can be for being controlled first Gas delivery is treated to another the first treatment gas tube chamber of patient.In addition, the first tube chamber can treat gas delivery by first To the nostril of patient, and the 4th tube chamber can be by the first treatment gas delivery to another nostril of patient.Exemplary In embodiment, casing may include it is at least one with first treatment gas tube chamber be in fluid communication check-valves, casing button, Scavenging material and/or the flexible support bridge that buffering is provided the nasal septum of patient.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula of the invention can be used for delivering treatment gas to patient.Nasal cannula can To include the first tube chamber, the second tube chamber and third tube chamber.First tube chamber can be by the first treatment gas delivery to the of patient One treatment gas tube chamber, the second tube chamber can be triggering tube chamber and/or third tube chamber can treat gas delivery by second Second to patient treats gas tube chamber.First treatment gas tube chamber, triggering tube chamber and the second treatment gas tube chamber can be Gather at casing asoscope bridge.Casing asoscope bridge can allow the first treatment gas tube chamber, triggering tube chamber and/or the second treatment gas Body tube chamber leads to the individual flow path of patient.First treatment gas tube chamber, which can have, is likely less than the second treatment gas The internal diameter of the internal diameter of tube chamber and the internal diameter of triggering tube chamber；And/or first treatment gas tube chamber can have and be more than the first treatment gas The internal diameter of the internal diameter of flow path of the body at casing asoscope bridge.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can be reduced to the be delivered to patient first and/or second treatment gas Dilution, and/or can be configured so as to be for delivering the first and/or second treatment gas to patient at least one System is in fluid communication.Nasal cannula can inhibit nitrogen oxide and oxygen mix and/or nasal cannula that can reduce nitrogen dioxide to pass It send to patient.

In an exemplary embodiment, one or more in the first and second treatment gases are delivered to patient for controlling Treat pulmonary hypertension.In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can by first and/or second treatment gas delivery to patient so as to Treat pulmonary hypertension, the secondary pulmonary hypertension of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary hypertension (PAH) form, spy The secondary pulmonary hypertension of hair property pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and/or the secondary pulmonary hypertension of sarcoidosis.In an exemplary embodiment, One treatment gas tube chamber can be used for delivering nitrogen oxide, and can have about with about six feet to about eight feet of length 0.01 inch to about 0.10 inch of internal diameter.Triggering tube chamber can have about with about six feet to about eight feet of length 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch of internal diameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first treatment gas can be nitrogen oxide, and casing asoscope bridge may include oxidation Nitrogen flow path, nitrogen oxide flow path have about 10% volume of the minimum pulse volume for being likely less than nitrogen oxide pulse. Casing may include that have may be betweenWithBetween low oxygen transmission rate Wall material.In an exemplary embodiment, casing may include at least one and what the first treatment gas tube chamber was in fluid communication stops Return valve, casing button, scavenging material and/or the flexible support bridge that buffering is provided the nasal septum of patient.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula of the invention can be used for delivering treatment gas to patient.Nasal cannula can To include the first tube chamber, the second tube chamber and third tube chamber.First tube chamber can be first that nitrogen oxide gas is delivered to patient Treat gas tube chamber, the second tube chamber can be triggering tube chamber, and third tube chamber can be by one kind in oxygen and air or more Kind is delivered to the second treatment gas tube chamber of patient.First treatment gas tube chamber, triggering tube chamber and/or the second treatment flue Chamber can be gathered at casing asoscope bridge, and casing asoscope bridge can be directed to the first treatment gas tube chamber, triggering tube chamber and/or the Two treatment gas tube chambers allow the independent flow path for leading to patient.The first treatment gas for nitrogen oxide to be delivered to patient The flow path of body tube chamber can have the pact for the minimum pulse volume for being likely less than nitrogen oxide pulse at casing asoscope bridge 10% volume.First treatment gas tube chamber can have the internal diameter for being likely less than the second treatment gas tube chamber and triggering tube chamber Internal diameter internal diameter and/or the first treatment gas tube chamber can have and be likely larger than the first treatment gas at casing asoscope bridge Flow path internal diameter internal diameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method for treating pulmonary hypertension may include being applied to nitrogen oxide gas to need Want its patient, wherein nitrogen oxide that can be applied by nasal cannula, wherein nasal cannula may include the first tube chamber, the second tube chamber With third tube chamber.In an exemplary embodiment, nitrogen oxide is for treating pulmonary hypertension.In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula Nitrogen oxide can be delivered to patient to treat pulmonary hypertension, the secondary pulmonary hypertension of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to be in lung The pulmonary hypertension, the secondary pulmonary hypertension of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and/or the secondary lung of sarcoidosis of arterial hypertension (PAH) form High pressure.

In an exemplary embodiment, nitrogen oxide can be delivered in sucking early stage pulse and/or when sucking the first half. In an exemplary embodiment, nitrogen oxide can be sucked by pulsed and be applied to the patient of spontaneous respiration, and nitrogen oxide can be Sucking is applied when starting, and the dosage of nitrogen oxide can be that about 0.010mg/kg/h and/or the dosage can be when sucking beginning It is applied in the pulse width less than 260 milliseconds.In an exemplary embodiment, method can also include applying oxygen to patient Gas.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method for the invention using nitrogen oxide can be used for treating pulmonary hypertension.This method May include applying nitrogen oxide gas to patient, wherein nitrogen oxide can be applied by nasal cannula.Nasal cannula may include first Tube chamber, the second tube chamber and third tube chamber.First tube chamber can be the first treatment flue that nitrogen oxide gas is delivered to patient Chamber, the second tube chamber can be triggering tube chamber, and third tube chamber can treat flue by the second of oxygen delivery to patient Chamber.In addition, casing asoscope bridge can allow the first treatment gas tube chamber, triggering tube chamber and/or the second treatment gas tube chamber to lead to The individual flow path of patient.Second tube chamber can be used for sensing sucking beginning and/or pressure change.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can be reduced in the first and second treatment gases to being delivered to patient One or more dilutions, and/or can be configured so as to it is at least one for patient delivering first and/or second The system for treating gas, which is in, to be in fluid communication.The first treatment gas tube chamber for delivering nitrogen oxide can be less than for delivering Both second treatment gas tube chamber and triggering tube chamber of oxygen.First internal diameter size that can have for the treatment of gas tube chamber can be with Be selected as it is substantially smaller reduce NO will pass through by the transmission time of casing and reduce oxidation nitrogen dilution, while can be with It substantially is sufficiently large to not cause notable back pressure and does not cause nitrogen oxide pulse distortion substantially, and/or triggering tube chamber can be with The internal diameter size having can be selected as substantially it is smaller, while can also substantially it is sufficiently large with reduce pressure signal postpone And distortion.Casing asoscope bridge may include nitrogen oxide flow path, and the internal diameter that nitrogen oxide flow path can have can be small In the internal diameter size of the first treatment gas tube chamber.

In an exemplary embodiment, casing may include at least one and the first treatment gas tube chamber is in fluid communication Check-valves, casing button, scavenging material and/or the flexible support bridge that buffering is provided the nasal septum of patient.Casing may include With may be betweenWithBetween low oxygen transmission rate wall material.In example Property embodiment in, casing can also include the 4th tube chamber, the 4th tube chamber can be for by first treatment gas delivery extremely Another the first treatment gas tube chamber of patient.In addition, the first tube chamber can be by one of the first treatment gas delivery to patient Nostril, and the 4th tube chamber can be by the first treatment gas delivery to another nostril of patient.

Description of the drawings

When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, reference is described in detail below, the various embodiments that invention will be more fully understood Feature and advantage, wherein：

Fig. 1 shows exemplary nasal cannula in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Fig. 2A shows that NO gases in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention are exemplary during being delivered to patient Flow direction property；

Fig. 2 B show exemplary reverse flow path in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B show exemplary single-lumen casing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 A show exemplary double lumen casing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention and/or NO, The example pneumatic path of oxygen and triggering tube chamber；

Fig. 5 B show the exemplary grommet asoscope bridge of double lumen casing in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention And/or pneumatic path；

Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B show NO in three tube chamber casings in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, oxygen and Trigger the example pneumatic path of tube chamber；

Fig. 6 C and Fig. 7 show the exemplary grommet nose of three tube chamber casings in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Jing Qiao and/or pneumatic path；

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B show NO in four tube chamber casings in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, oxygen and Trigger the example pneumatic path of tube chamber；

Fig. 8 C and Fig. 8 D show the exemplary grommet nose of four tube chamber casings in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Jing Qiao and/or pneumatic path；

Fig. 9 A show exemplary duckbill check valve in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Fig. 9 B and Fig. 9 C show umbrella and/or petaloid check-valves in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 10 shows the umbrella or petaloid valve having for delivering NO in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Exemplary nasal cannula；

Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B show the example being incorporated in NO delivery lines in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Property valve；

Figure 12 shows another nose from blocked nostril to patient in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention The exemplary flow in hole；

Figure 13 shows that NO in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention injects the surrounding air stream in each nostril In；

Figure 14 A to Figure 14 B show the exemplary of binary channels delivery system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Configuration；

Figure 15 shows the exemplary implementation for binary channels delivery system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention The exemplary means component of scheme；

Figure 16 shows the exemplary ose bag with three tube chamber asoscope bridges in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Pipe；

Figure 17 shows exemplary three tube chambers asoscope bridges before assembling in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 18 show in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention assembled molding three tube chamber asoscope bridges it is exemplary Nose conduit；

Figure 19 A to Figure 19 B show the neighbouring triggering tube chamber of NO tube chambers in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention and Trigger the perspective diagram and two-dimensional diagram of the exemplary nose conduit inside tube chamber；

Figure 20 shows exemplary nasal cannula in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 21 A show exemplary bis- " D " shapes in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention to pipe；

Figure 21 B and Figure 21 C show in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention have geometry protrusion and/or insert Enter the exemplary tube chamber of object；

Figure 22 A to Figure 22 E are regarding for exemplary ose bag pipe device connector in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Figure；

Figure 23 shows exemplary oxygen connector in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 24 shows that exemplary tube reducing device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention and/or additional line are fixed Device；

Figure 25 A to Figure 25 C show the various of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention View；

Figure 25 D show the positive upper right side of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Perspective view；

Figure 25 E show the bottom view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 F show the top view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 G show the first side view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 H show the second side view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 I show the front view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 J show the rearview of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 K show the positive upper right side of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Perspective view；

Figure 25 L show the bottom view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 M show the top view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 N show the first side view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 O show the second side view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 P show the front view of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 25 Q show the rearview of exemplary grommet asoscope bridge in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 26 A to Figure 26 D show various exemplary grommet asoscope bridge noses in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention The viewgraph of cross-section in hole；

Figure 27 shows exemplary key element in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention；

Figure 28 show exemplary NO delivery apparatus with key slot in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention and Nasal cannula with Key element；

Figure 29 be illustratively depicted in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention in air-breathing and pulsatile delivery phase Between exemplary reverse flow；

Figure 30 has been illustratively depicted the example in air-breathing and during exhaling in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Property reverse flow；

Figure 31 has been illustratively depicted the various exemplary grommets that are used in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention and has configured Exemplary reverse flow；

Figure 32 A to Figure 32 C show showing for the test 1 to 3 for Figure 31 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Example property casing configuration；

Figure 33 A show the front of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Upper right side perspective view；

Figure 33 B show the forward sight of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Figure；

Figure 33 C show the backsight of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Figure；

Figure 33 D show the first of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Side view；

Figure 33 E show the second of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Side view；

Figure 33 F show the top view of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Figure；

Figure 33 G show that the bottom of exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention regards Figure；

Figure 34 A show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Back side upper left side perspective view；

Figure 34 B show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Positive upper right side perspective view；

Figure 34 C show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Top view；

Figure 34 D show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Bottom view；

Figure 34 E show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Front view；

Figure 34 F show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention Rearview；

Figure 34 G show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention The first side view；And

Figure 34 H show another exemplary treatment gas delivery device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention The second side view.

Specific implementation mode

The present invention is generally more particularly to can be for example, by reducing to the treatment gas of the suckings such as nitrogen oxide (NO) Dilution and/or treatment gas the mixing before being delivered to patient nose of limitation sucking improve the standard of nitrogen oxide therapy The system of exactness and/or accuracy, device, material and method.As described in this article, NO dilutions can be because of many reasons And occur, such as, but not limited to NO is mixed with oxygen and/or air.It is open in order to reduce the dilution to expected NO dosage Various illustrative nasal cannulas, pneumatic configuration, manufacturing method and application method etc..For example, of the invention various exemplary Nasal cannula, pneumatic configuration, manufacturing method and application method etc., which can reduce NO and mixed with oxygen and/or air, (such as to be delivered Before to the nose of patient etc.), to reduce the dilution to expected NO dosage.

Due to the peculiar property of NO deliverings, need to consider many factors to ensure that NO dosage is accurately and precisely delivered to Patient.Different from the application of other gases such as oxygen (O2), NO administrations may be especially sensitive to diluting, especially because agent Amount volume is likely less than 1ml (such as in the environment may imperceptible substantially smaller dosage) and/or NO can be with The O2 of O2 and/or co-administration in the presence of surrounding air react, to generate nitrogen dioxide (NO2).In addition, NO is delivered Time-histories may also be more important (such as effect) than the time-histories of other gases (such as O2 delivering), therefore, it is necessary to reduce NO Dilute and ensure to accurately determine as early as possible patient respiratory start and/or ensure from NO delivery apparatus by nasal cannula to It will not be significantly distorted up to NO dosage waveform when patient.In addition, may need to consider patient comfort when design nasal cannula, lift For example, because nasal cannula may use longer period.

The various casings of the present invention, system and method can be used, improved and/or are associated with for delivering medicine to patient Gas and/or various systems for delivering from medical gas pulses to patient.For example, various casings of the invention, system Can at least be used with method, improve and/or associated diagram 33A to Figure 34 H in the treatment gas delivery system that is illustratively depicted System.The various casings of the present invention, system and method can use, improve and/or be associated with entitled " System and Method The U.S. Patent No. 7,523,752 of of Administering a Pharmaceutical Gas To a Patient " Teachings, the content of the patent are in being incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

With reference to figure 1, typically, using delivery system 100, NO can be delivered to patient via nasal cannula 101.Ose bag Pipe 101 can receive from for example treatment gas (such as NO) delivery apparatus 103 with relatively low concentration of volume percent at NO and/or nasal cannula 101 in carrier gas can receive oxygen and/or environment from oxygen/ambient air supply 105 Air (sometimes referred to simply as oxygen, O2 etc.).Common carrier gas is nitrogen, because nitrogen is not reacted with NO, but can be used such as Other inert carrier gas such as helium.

NO/N is delivered to patient₂Admixture of gas (sometimes referred to simply as nitrogen oxide, NO etc.) typically need NO gases via The delivery tube of patient/ICU ventilator dependencies patient and/or Anesthetic Patients for wearing ICU lung ventilators and/or via with In spontaneous respiration patient nasal cannula from the sources high pressure NO (such as pressurized cylinder, with 103 associated pressurized cylinder of NO delivery apparatus Deng) with environmental pressure or it is delivered to patient close to environmental pressure.It should be understood that the various technologies of the present invention disclosed herein And/or embodiment can be used for delivery tube and/or nasal cannula and other similar devices, name just a few, such as nasal pillow and/or Nose cup.For the sake of simplicity, only show and/or describe sometimes a casing.This is only for the sake of simplicity, and to be in no way intended to It is restrictive.

It is desirable that above-mentioned this NO transmission will not be contacted with other gases such as surrounding air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, Until gas enters the upper respiratory tract of patient.However, it is virtually impossible to easily realizing.For example, oxygen and/or Surrounding air can enter delivery system 100 in many a points, such as, but not limited to：

During transmission time in delivery apparatus 103 (such as since oxygen diffuses through such as elastomeric The air pressure inside that equal pneumatic interfaces enter delivery apparatus is medium)；

During NO gas transports are by nasal cannula 101 (such as by diffusing across casing wall, asoscope bridge, connection Device, reducer, solvent cement joint etc.)；

During sucking/exhalation cycle, when driving pressure gradient can the reverse flow in nasal cannula when, NO supplies Tube chamber mixes in nasal cannula 101 with surrounding air and/or exhaled gas generation；

During sucking/exhalation cycle, when NO and air/O2 is able to mix in patient nostril；

During in high pressure source, (such as pressurized cylinder etc.) connect with delivery apparatus (such as may when gas storage is replaced A small amount of gas etc. in capture delivering air pressure)；With

During the manufacture gas cylinder padding in the sources high pressure NO, wherein the substantial pure of NO and carrier gas may be sought Mixture, but can not possibly easily realize.

It may throw into question to the dilution of NO during pulse NO therapies, because the NO of only substantial smaller size smaller can be by It is delivered to patient.For example, the gas containing NO may be applied with the impulse form for being likely less than (1) milliliter (ml).In reality In matter under smaller pulse volume, though the reverse flow of smaller size smaller and/or diffusion gas may also highly significant, such as Because small NO dosage may be easy to be diluted.Certainly, large volume of NO may also be diluted.

NO/O2 caused by being spread due to O2 is contacted and is minimized：

NO transmission times are made to minimize

One or more embodiments of the present invention are related to by minimizing NO and O2 times of contact, via will pass through The transmission time of casing minimizes, oxygen is crossed to the transmission minimum of casing wall and/or the amount minimum by the O2 contacted with NO Change to solve NO/O2 contacts source (such as one or more in above-mentioned NO/O2 contacts source) and to dilute expected NO dosage The nasal cannula of (such as being mixed with O2 by NO).With reference to figure 1, the dilution to expected NO dosage, following article are at least solved More detailed description, can will extend over casing 101 any wall of the lumen (name just a few, such as, but not limited to triggering tube chamber 104, NO tube chambers 106, O2/ air tube chamber 108 and/or any combination thereof and/or further segment relevant casing wall) oxygen pass Defeated minimum.At least solve the dilution to expected NO dosage, can also will extend over casing 101 any wall (name just a few, Such as, but not limited to casing asoscope bridge 102, press key component 110, reducer 112, connector 114, oxygen connector 116 and/ Or any combination thereof and/or further segment relevant casing wall) oxygen transmission minimize.

Small ID NO tube chambers

In one or more embodiments, can provide including smaller internal diameter (ID) delivery tube/tube chamber for NO with Such as reduce diluted casing to expected NO dosage.This smaller ID pipes can reduce transmission of the NO molecules by casing Time.This can be reduced again can diffuse across casing wall and internal NO is made to be oxidized to oxygen mix available time, oxygen NO2。

For example, in order to by being reduced NO to expected NO dosage by the transmission time minimum of casing Dilution, the ID of NO delivery tubes/tube chamber can be about 0.01 inch to about 0.10 inch and/or about 0.03 inch to about 0.08 English It is very little.In an exemplary embodiment, the ID of NO delivery tubes/tube chamber can be selected and (such as reduced with ensuring that NO transmission times are reduced NO dilutions etc.), while notable back pressure and/or the distortion of NO pulse shapes and/or NO wave distortions are not generated (more fully hereinafter It is discussed).In order to reduce transmission time and not cause notable back pressure and/or distortion, the ID of NO delivery tubes/tube chamber can not It can be substantially less than about 0.03 inch, for example, for the casing of the length with about 6 feet to 8 feet.For shorter length Degree can use smaller ID, and/or for longer length, can use larger ID, because resistance and/or distortion can It can be the culvert number of pipe ID and length of tube.

In an exemplary embodiment, shorter NO delivery tubes/tube chamber ID (such as set nose bore, shorter nasal cannula Deng) can have the pipe ID for being substantially less than NO delivery tubes/tube chamber, NO delivery tubes/tube chamber that can also have as described above real Notable back pressure and/or NO pulse shapes and/or wave distortion may be not present in smaller ID in matter.

In an exemplary embodiment, it can use and such as, but not limited to increase delivery rates etc. of the NO by NO tube chambers Other technologies minimize the possibility exposure duration of O2 NO.Can for example, by increase system barometric gradient and/or Increase speed of the NO by NO tube chambers by reducing the diameter of pipe.Although NO speed can be increased to reduce NO to the sudden and violent of O2 Reveal the time, but may need to minimize speed, so that pulse shape is substantially undistorted, patient will not undergo discomfort, And/or consider any other competition module.

It should be understood that any teachings above content (such as small ID etc. of NO delivery tube tube chambers) can with retouched herein Any other pneumatic configuration, casing configuration and/or the teachings and/or combination of embodiment stated.For example, the above religion Leading content (such as small ID etc. of NO delivery tubes/tube chamber) can be with single-lumen casing discussed below, double lumen casing, three Tube chamber casing, four tube chamber casings and/or any other teachings described herein and/or embodiment make together With.

Material for limiting oxygen diffusion and/or removal O2 and/or NO2

Currently, many common materials for using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or polysiloxanes as construction nasal cannula；So And oxygen can diffuse through the wall of the lumen of these nasal cannulas.In order to be spread due to oxygen, permeate and/or be transmitted across set Tube wall and occur oxygen contact minimize, can select can be by oxygen diffusivity, permeability and/or oxygen transmission rate (OTR) The casing wall material of minimum.In an exemplary embodiment, casing wall may include with low oxygen diffusion coefficient, infiltration Rate is classified and/or the material of oxygen transmission rate (OTR).For example, casing wall may include can have about 0.001 to about The material of 10 oxygen transmission rate (OTR), such as use following unit：

Wherein：

" cc " refers to the cubic centimetre (ml) across the oxygen of a block of material；

" mil " refers to the 1mil (0.001 " thickness) of this block of material；

" ATM " refers to the atmospheric pressure number of environmental pressure；

" for 24 hours " refer to the oxygen stream permitted duration；And

“100in²" refer to this block of material surface area.

Sometimes, it when describing oxygen diffusion, permeating and/or be transmitted across casing wall and/or shell material, may only carry To diffusivity, diffusion coefficient, permeability, permeability classification and/or at least one of OTR.It should be understood that mentioning terms above Any of can be used together as applicable with any of terms above and similar terms and/or by terms above And any of similar terms substitute.For the sake of simplicity, only describe sometimes one in terms above and/or some.This Only for the sake of simplicity, it and is in no way intended to restrictive.

In an exemplary embodiment, can adjust and/or change shell material (such as sleeved pipe, set osing The material of Jing Qiao etc.) to solve O2 infiltration infiltrations together with patient comfort.

In an exemplary embodiment, set can be constructed using polyurethanes and/or similar flexible material Pipe.In an exemplary embodiment, polyurethanes and/or similar flexible material may include additive to improve pair The resistance of oxygen diffusion, and/or tube body is coaxially positioned around at least some NO delivery cannulas, it is spread for oxygen to provide Resistance.Can by be coaxially coated with tube body and/or be coextruded two or more materials (such as to form tube body etc.) come Construct casing.Certainly, other building methods and/or technology be within the scope of this disclosure.

Can be used for construct and/or can with required Oxygen permeability matter at least some materials example include but It is not limited to polymer, such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyamide (PA), gathers inclined difluoro second at ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) Alkene (PVDF), fluorination polyurethanes, nylon 6, nylon 12 and/or similar material, name just a few.In addition, PVC can be used Make shell material, wherein it is incorporated to one or more materials and/or additive, such as oxytolerant polymer, permeated with reducing oxygen, Diffusion coefficient etc..Oxytolerant polymer can be collectively incorporated into polyurethanes, PVC and/or other shell materials, such as Pass through coextrusion.For example, such extrusion can be realized using coextrusion die and/or using other known technology.

Can be in one of many possible forms for tube body/tube chamber barrier that oxygen enters, such as, but not limited to：

Homogeneous and/or homogenous material extrudate can use at least one material with low oxygen Penetration Signature Material；

The coextrusion of two or more polymer, it is one or more in polymer that there is low oxygen Penetration Signature；

Surface treatment/face coat on material/tube body, floating coat can have low oxygen Penetration Signature；

Admixture；With

Scavenger/getter/scarvenger.

Homogeneous with hypoxemia gas permeability and/or homogenous material extrudate：In an exemplary embodiment, such as poly- Vinylidene chloride (PVDC, trade (brand) name), ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), nylon 6, nylon 12 and/or it is any have it is low The materials such as the homogeneous and/or homogenous material extrudate of oxygen permeability can be used for shell material.Envision with these properties Other materials, and squeeze out compatibility material within the scope of the invention using alternative hypoxemia impervious.

The coextrusion of two or more polymer：In an exemplary embodiment, can use coextrusion two kinds or More kinds of polymer configure to construct tube-in-tube and/or multilayer sandwich.For example, can be coextruded (such as using this field In known common coetrusion) two or more polymer configure with constructing tube-in-tube or multilayer sandwich, wherein at least one Kind has low oxygen penetration property.Low oxygen permeable formation may include polymer disclosed herein (for example, such as previously It is those of listed in part) and/or other polymer with similar characteristics.Because these polymer may or cannot be with Other polymer are coextruded well together, and it is therefore necessary to squeeze out intermediary or so-called connection one polymer.It is exemplary total Extruded polymer can include but is not limited to PVC/EVOH/PVDC, PVC/EVOH/PFDF, fluorination polyurethanes/ EVOH/PVDC and fluorination polyurethanes/EVOH/PVDF, PVC/PVDC, polyurethanes/PVDC, PVC/ nylon 6, PVC/ nylon 12, PVC/PVDC/ nylon 6, PVC/PVDC/ nylon 12, polyurethanes/PVDC/ nylon 6, polyurethane Ester/PVDC/ nylon 12 connects one polymer, any combination thereof and/or classification and/or can polymerize with two or more Any other material that the coextrusion of object is used together.

In an exemplary embodiment, coextrusion can be layered by regulation sequence, for example, with reduce oxygen infiltration and/or Diffusion and/or for construction purposes.For example, if used adhesive (for example, component etc. for abutment sleeve) PVC and PVC is bonded, then the outer layer that adhesive is exposed in coextrusion can be PVC.In addition, such as, but not limited to EVOH Hydrophobicity and/or water resistant can be clipped in etc. other polymer (such as there may be reduced property when being contacted with vapor) Property externally and/or internally in extruding layer, so that the contact by internal compound with vapor minimizes.

Surface treatment/face coat on tube body：In an exemplary embodiment, the face coat (example of hypoxemia impervious Such as surface treatment, face coat) it can be applied to nasal cannula construction.Coating can include but is not limited to be heated to its distillation It is more than temperature so as to the vacuum-deposited silica (tripoli) that is deposited in the thin layer of several microns of (or thinner) thickness and/ Or aluminium (such as aluminum oxide etc.) coating.For example, tripoli coating can be about 0.001 micron to about 10 microns and/or About 0.01 micron to about 1 micron and/or about 0.04 micron.

In an exemplary embodiment, tripoli coating can be deposited on plastics, in substantially can it is sufficiently thin so as to The flexible layer form of plastics can not be significantly affected.It should be understood that any rational technology may be used to deposition materials.Citing For, low cost deposition can be realized using chemical vapor deposition process.It is, of course, also possible to use the other of these coatings Deposition method, such as, but not limited to electron beam and thermal evaporation, DC magnetic control sputtering platings, plasmaassisted reactivity sputter, its What combination and/or any technology further segmented and/or can deposited.

In an exemplary embodiment, such as, but not limited to thermosetting epoxy resin-amine coating, asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin can be used Other coatings such as fat-amine coating.It can apply or provide painting using technology described herein and/or known technology Layer.

Admixture：In an exemplary embodiment, material can be blended together to obtain one or another kind of materials Beneficial property and/or be used as shell material.In an exemplary embodiment, be not required to articulamentum can in coextrusion that The nylon 6 and EVOH of this adherency may be used as the shell material blended.Other admixtures can include but is not limited to nylon 6 with Amorphous nylon and nylon 6 and HDPE.Of course, it is possible to use other admixtures.

In an exemplary embodiment, latter material can be coated on former material.For example, when two kinds When material is incompatible with coextrusion due to different melting temperatures, a kind of polymer can be squeezed out first, and can heat It second polymer and is coated in secondary operation on the first polymer.

Scavenger/getter：In an exemplary embodiment, scavenger can be coated on the inside of tube chamber (such as pass through It bakes and removes the liquid being coated in the scavenger liquid suspension on the inside of tube chamber, tube chamber is removed by condensation by evaporation Scavenger on inside is absorbed/is adsorbed in tube chamber inner surface by using liquid or gaseous state scavenger source, by by scavenger Chemical glue is together in internal surface of casing etc.), and/or scavenger can be packaged in device connector and/or asoscope bridge, such as In plug form (for example, at least one hole to allow gas to pass through plug etc. of its flowing), so as to purified oxygen and/ Or nitrogen dioxide.Scavenger can include but is not limited to such as activated alumina, ascorbic acid and/or any other purification chemical combination The compounds such as object.The latent defect of method includes the finite lifetime of scavenging material.This disadvantage can be by examining in the design Consider overcoming using the duration for casing.At least one other latent defect can be gas transport by any plug Configuration may all be such that gas waveform is distorted.Accordingly, described this plug can pass through design so that wave distortion is minimum Change.Any method may be used to be coated on the inside of tube chamber.For example, the liquid concentrated by scavenger (such as ascorbic acid) Body by tube body and can be subsequently dried, so that it can then be deposited on inboard wall of tube body.

In an exemplary embodiment, activated alumina can be used in casing, such as coating, the work on the inside of tube chamber It uses for plug accessory and/or in any other way, such as capturing nitrogen dioxide.In alumina thin-layer coating in tube chamber In the case of inside, effect can not only reduce oxygen permeability, but also can successfully capture nitrogen dioxide.Activated alumina And/or other scavengers can also be manufactured into the plug form of suitable tube body, such as area is in close proximity to the nostril of patient. Plug can pass through design pressure drop to be minimized and/or maintained the shape of nitrogen oxide impulse wave.The high surface of activated alumina Product can effectively wipe the nitrogen dioxide from admixture of gas.In addition, scavenger may be located in device, such as At device connector.In this way, scavenger can be a part for casing, and/or may be it is removable (for example, So that it can be removed when changing casing) and/or scavenger projected life can be with casing expection and/or reality Use Duration match.

It should be understood that wiping ability the present invention is not limited to activated alumina and with high surface area, substantive nitrogen dioxide, fitting When void size, any material for the physical strength for being enough to maintain shape and/or powder can not possibly being generated and/or may be from set The other materials that pipe falls off or decouples can work in terms of the ability of erasing material.It is to be further understood that self-filtering can Compound is fallen off to prevent in sucking respiratory system for accommodating.The example for wiping material includes but not limited to zeolite, silicon It can be with the adsorbent in solid substrate site on soil-alumina, activated carbon and surface.For the sake of simplicity, sometimes by activated alumina It is described as wiping material.This is only for the sake of simplicity, and to be in no way intended to restrictive.

In an exemplary embodiment, reducing agent can be coated on the surface of erasing material, for example, to improve it Capture nitrogen dioxide and/or the ability that nitrogen dioxide is reduced into nitrogen oxide.Reducing agent includes but not limited to ascorbic acid.

In an exemplary embodiment, additive can be added into polymer to change infiltration/barrier, such as But be not limited to oxidable plastics (such as PET or polyamide), nanoclay, any combination thereof and/or further subdivision and/or Any other additive.Additive can work with purified oxygen and/or provide the screen for the infiltration being directed in polymer substrate Barrier, any one of two kinds of situations can cause the oxygen for penetrating through material to reduce.Oxidable plastics (such as PET or Polyamide) it can be reacted with the oxygen that may penetrate through polymer substrate.The oxygen that film may be penetrated through is passing through casing And/or it can be reacted with oxidable plastics before being reacted with NO.Nanoclay (such as may tend to lamellar morphology) can To provide the barrier for infiltration, for example, when being well dispersed in polymer substrate.When dispensed, it may be necessary in piece It is spread around shape object, there may be the zigzag paths by polymer for this, to efficiently reduce gas permeability.

It should be understood that any teachings above content (such as material etc.) can be with any other gas described herein Dynamic configuration, casing configuration and/or teachings and/or combination of embodiment.For example, teachings above content (such as material Deng) can with single-lumen casing discussed below, double lumen casing, three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings and/or herein Described any other teachings and/or embodiment are used together.

Configuration

Reverse flow

With reference to figure 2A to Fig. 2 B, surprisingly it has been found that another diluted source may be by surrounding air and/or exhaled gas The phenomenon that flowing into nasal cannula (such as at casing asoscope bridge 200 and/or near) (such as reverse flow, cross flow one etc.) is made At.This gas flows into nasal cannula between can covering nose bore (such as set nose bore 202/203) at two, to replace Existing nitrogen oxide gas and/or nitrogen oxide gas is released into casing, the nitrogen oxide for being replaced and/or releasing in this way can not Patient can be delivered to and/or may be with gas stream and/or other gas mixings, to the expected NO dosage of dilution.In addition, Reverse flow can depend on such as, but not limited to sucking and breathing out during nostril between the factors such as pressure difference.Between nostril Pressure difference can depend on such as, but not limited to the breathing pattern of people, people nostril blocks and/or Partial occlusion is (for example, such as Figure 12 Shown in), the factors such as uneven degree during the placement and breathing in nostril between nose fluid and change, name just a few.Cause This, one or more embodiments of the invention are related to by reverse flow and/or by the reverse flow in nasal cannula to cause Dilution minimize nasal cannula.

As shown in Figure 2 A, during normal burst formula delivers, NO flows out the nostril 202/203 of casing asoscope bridge 200.So And during static phase at least between the pulses, reverse flow can occur.For example, during static phase, environment or Exhalation air can be moved circumferentially and/or reverse flow flows into through a set nose bore 202 and flows out another set osing Hole 203, as shown in Figure 2 B.This reverse flow can cause the dilution to the NO in nostril and/or flow path and/or It washes out, this may cause the delay and/or reduction of dosage delivered.In addition, this reverse flow may lead to air and/or exhale The oxygen gone out in air-flow is mixed with NO to be reached more and/or is reacted with the nitrogen oxide in nasal cannula, this may lead to NO2 It is formed, to dilute NO concentration.Therefore, in order to reduce reverse flow (for example, it may be possible to cause NO2 to be formed, to dilute NO agent Measure and known respiratory stimulant may be served as etc.), the potential oxygen that can will be mixed with exhaled gas and/or environmental gas Change nitrogen volume minimization.

Notice above-mentioned phenomenon, the diluted amount caused by reverse flow can depend on delivering relevant tube chamber with NO (such as NO tube chambers；Combined NO and triggering tube chamber；Combined NO, triggering and O2/ air tube chambers；Deng) may occur inversely Volume (such as flow path) at the casing asoscope bridge of flowing.The part that reverse flow may occur can have any shape Shape.For the sake of simplicity, this part that reverse flow occurs is sometimes described as " u "-shaped etc..This be only for the sake of simplicity, And it is in no way intended to restrictive.

In an exemplary embodiment, it can select to deliver relevant tube chamber (such as NO tube chambers with NO；Combined NO with Trigger tube chamber；Combined NO, triggering and O2/ air tube chambers；Deng) at asoscope bridge (such as flow path) optimization ID sizes (such as ID sizes, ID shapes etc.) to reduce the volume in " u "-shaped region, to will be with reverse flow and/or by reverse flow The caused relevant potential volume-exchange of dilution minimizes.In addition, in an exemplary embodiment, best ID sizes can take Certainly change in the volume of the NO gases delivered.For example, nitrogen oxide delivery apparatus can deliver the arteries and veins of the gas containing NO Punching, minimum dose volume are 0.35 ml.In order to ensure volume dose accuracy, it may be preferred to be no more than small percentage (such as 10%, 5%, 20% etc.) dosage can be lost due to reverse flow.

The inner volume of this " u "-shaped is restricted to minimum dose volume (example by one or more embodiments of the present invention Such as, for 0.35ml treatment gas pulses, 0.035ml) it is no more than small percentage (such as 10%, 5%, 20% etc.), with Ensure to lose in case of NO, then it is acceptable the NO loss amounts caused by reverse flow (for example, in the exhalation stage Period loses to environment).According to above example, for the 10% minimum dose volume of 0.035ml, it is assumed that catheter length is 0.315 inch and conduit spacing are 0.63 inch, and the tube chamber ID in " u "-shaped part may be no more than 0.046 inch.Therefore, it shows Writing the tube chamber ID more than 0.046 inch may not be conducive to maintain the dose volume accuracy of minimum dose volume 0.35ml.

It should be understood that can be by such as, but not limited to suitably having the system of greater or lesser minimum dose volume, tool There is the systems of different catheter lengths and/or changes this construction with system changes such as the different systems of conduit spacing Mathematical relationship names just a few.Those skilled in the art calculate needed for can carrying out to determine in " u "-shaped part needed for offer Volume is so that it is no more than the ID needed for the 10% of dose volume.In addition, the required accuracy depending on administration, cross flow one Available inside " U " volume or other volumes can be but not limited to less than dose volume 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%, it names just a few.

For example, if " u "-shaped is made of two nostrils and a backboard, so that " U " volume is no more than minimizing agent 20% full-size of amount volume can be calculated using following formula, and dorsulum refers on the inside of asoscope bridge and/or formation " u "-shaped The lumen length of bottom：

Minimum dose volume>5 [2 π (conduit diameter/2)²* (backboard diameter/2) (catheter length)+π²* (carapace length)]

Therefore, if minimum dose is known, the size of the part casing " U " can be calculated.For in addition to 20% Administration accuracy for, can correspondingly change volume specific factor 5, wherein volume specific factor is equal to that [100/ (dosage is accurate Spend %)].

In an exemplary embodiment, during exhalation and/or before the inhalation (such as by delivery apparatus sensing and/ Or detection etc.), the U-shaped body product being substantially equal in the pulse cleaning asoscope bridges of NO of U volumes can be used.This can cause U volumes (for example, after exhalation) is substantially filled by NO.In addition, this NO filling U volumes can pass during suck next time It send to patient, so that it is guaranteed that NO is delivered to patient to provide optimal clinical effect (for example, discussed below) early.

In an exemplary embodiment, can by least reduce the NO in nose conduit deliver tube chamber (such as NO flow road Diameter) ID reduce reverse flow, so as to increasing the resistance to the fluid by the NO tube chambers at nose conduit.About this Kind configuration should be noted that compared with the conduit with larger tube chamber, under same pressure differential, it is possible to reduce in the NO tube chambers of nose conduit Fluid.This can reduce at least these under the conditions of cross flow one, for example, because according to Poiseuille's law, smaller ID The gas-flow resistance that can generate of NO tube chambers can be inversely proportional with the biquadratic of tube chamber radius.

In an exemplary embodiment, can reverse flow be reduced by using valve and/or check-valves, for example, such as Discussed in further detail below.

Sometimes, NO tube chambers described herein can be described as by optimization to obtain minimum pulse volume 0.35ml And/or allow 10% administration error, to generate the U-shaped body product (such as 0.035ml) of permission in NO tube chambers.Exemplary In embodiment, the variation of this minimum pulse volume and/or optimum pulse volume range may at least influence NO tube chamber rulers It is very little.For example, if minimum pulse volume due to for example using higher nitric oxide concentration it is smaller, NO can be reduced The internal diameter of tube chamber and/or " U " volume are to ensure 10% error target.For example, consider various optimization modules, such as But it is not limited to pulse shape, NO tube chambers and/or " U " volume can be reduced.In addition, for example, if minimum pulse volume by In for example increased using low concentration nitrogen oxide, then it can increase the internal diameter and/or " U " volume of NO tube chambers.Citing For, consider various optimization modules, such as, but not limited to pulse shape, NO tube chambers and/or " U " volume can be increased.It answers Understand, if NO tube chambers and/or " U " volume are excessive (for example, about 0.1ml to about 0.5ml), small size pulse may not be able to Enough precise deliveries, delivering may be delayed by, it may occur however that dilution, and/or may due to peculiar property that NO is delivered and there are it Its problem.

It will delay and/or distortion minimization

In order to which nitrogen oxide delivery system (for example, can be by nitrogen oxide gas pulse to patient) has optimal clinical effect, May need sucting stage as early as possible to patient deliver nitrogen oxide pulse or fluid and/or with required flowing waveform (for example, Pulse shape).In this regard it should be noted that may and/or pneumatic latency should be minimized, come from because can be used for example The pressure signal of patient makes great efforts sucking as patient and/or patient starts the instruction of sucking.It is also possible to and/or should be by pulse Or fluid waveform distortion minimization, because such as waveform shape and/or time-histories can be closely coupled with clinical efficacy.Therefore, originally One or more embodiments of invention are related to that pressure signal can be postponed and/or distortion minimization is (for example, when logical from patient When crossing casing and being transferred back into device) and/or configure the nasal cannula of fluid waveform distortion minimization.

In an exemplary embodiment, with trigger relevant casing tube chamber and (such as trigger tube chamber；Combined triggering and NO Tube chamber；Combined triggering, NO and O2/ air tube chambers；Etc.) pressure letter when can be configured so as to transmit by casing Number delay and/or distortion minimization.It, can be in order to will transmit through pressure signal delay and/or the distortion minimization when casing The cross section of selection and the relevant tube chamber of triggering is to reduce delay and/or distortion, and/or can increase and/or maximize cross Sectional dimension is to reduce delay and/or distortion.

In an exemplary embodiment, relevant casing tube chamber (such as NO tube chambers are delivered with NO；Combined NO and triggering Tube chamber；Combined NO, triggering and O2/ air tube chambers；Etc.) can be configured so as to fluid waveform distortion minimization.In order to By fluid waveform distortion minimization, it can increase and/or maximize the cross section for delivering relevant tube chamber with NO, and/or can To select the shape of cross section, postpones and/or be distorted to reduce.In addition, in an exemplary embodiment, in order to by fluid wave Shape distortion minimization can make to deliver relevant tube chamber with the compliance reduced with NO, that is, have increased rigidity.Citing For, in order to which by fluid waveform distortion minimization, delivering relevant tube chamber with NO can be by the material manufacture of substantial rigidity. The rigidity of material can be selected to reduce compliance, while still at least considering patient comfort.

Compete module

In at least some embodiments, casing can be configured such that a tube chamber can be used for delivering NO and use In triggering (such as single-lumen casing, double lumen casing etc.).Configuration may need to optimize tube chamber for NO deliverings and for touching Hair, so as to there is minimum NO dose dilutions and allow trigger signal to propagate to device and human breathing bands of a spectrum (such as 0 to It is substantially unattenuated on 4Hz).This may be substantially relatively difficult, because these can be the competition module of optimization.It lifts For example, in order to sucting stage early stage delivering NO pulses and/or fluid, reduce pneumatic latency, reduce fluid wave distortion, Reduce pressure signal delay and/or distortion, reduce asoscope bridge at NO mixed volumes and/or NO oxidation and/or solve it is any its Property needed for it (for example, triggering tube chamber for combined NO/) can optimize several competition modules of tube chamber ID, Such as, but not limited to：

A. NO2 formation-is reduced>Reduce tube chamber ID；

B. maintain volume NO that accuracy-is administered>Reduce tube chamber ID；

C. NO fluids distortion-is reduced>Increase tube chamber ID；With

D. by trigger signal decaying or delay minimization->Increase tube chamber ID.

In an exemplary embodiment, the casing of the present invention with combined NO/ triggering tube chamber configurations may need to compromise NO/ trigger tube chamber best geometric properties (such as shape, size etc.) with for example sucting stage early stage delivering NO pulses and/ Or fluid, pneumatic latency is reduced, fluid wave distortion is reduced, reduces pressure signal delay and/or be distorted, reduce at asoscope bridge NO mixed volumes and/or Jing Qiaochu NO oxidation.Casing of the present invention (such as the single tube of tube chamber is triggered with combined NO/ Chamber casing, double lumen casing etc.) it may need to compromise.However, the present invention at least three tube chambers covers as discussed below Pipe configuration (such as three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings etc.) can allow tube chamber be exclusively used in NO delivering and trigger signal, and It can be allowed for special O2/ air deliveries tube chamber in the case of at least some.Therefore, for delivering and triggering with special NO The casing of the present invention (such as three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings etc.) of tube chamber, the NO tube chambers of optimization can be less than the triggering of optimization Tube chamber, because with larger triggering tube chamber at least ensuring that minimum signal attenuation may be beneficial, while there is smaller NO Tube chamber may be beneficial at least reducing NO dilutions.Therefore, the casing of the present invention with combined NO/ triggering tube chambers (such as single-lumen, double lumen casing etc.) and with special NO deliver tube chamber and dedicated trigger tube chamber casing of the present invention (such as Three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings etc.) there can be different geometric properties when optimized.

For example, in addition to ensuring that volume administration accuracy (for example, above for will caused by reverse flow it is dilute Release described by minimum) other than, the ID that can design combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber is lost with reducing and/or not generating gas flowing True and/or excessive signal propagation delay, such as from patient to device (such as postpone and/or be distorted above for by pressure signal Described by minimum).Distortion and/or delay may occur, because pneumatic tube can show as the pneumatic low-pass filtering of the first order Device and high frequency signal component is made to decay.Modification internal diameter can change the bandpass characteristics of filtering effect.However, as noted earlier, Can the required dose delivery accuracy based on system by internal diameter (such as at U) be fixed to a certain maximum ID.

According at least to above, in an exemplary embodiment, in order to will likely frequency decay pressure signal effect most Smallization：(1) upstream (close to device) diameter of combined NO/ triggering tube chambers of casing of the present invention can be adjusted to widen (example As optimization) casing bandpass characteristics and/or (2) triggering start NO pulses delivering (such as passing through delivery apparatus) may have allusion quotation Type threshold pressure activated strategy (such as pressure signal may decay and/or prolong because of the pneumatic filtering effect that casing constructs Late), and therefore the gradient pressure pattern made great efforts based on instruction patient, supplemented with the trigger policy based on pressure slope/replace this It may be advantageous for a threshold pressure trigger.It may in the presence of significant signal is decayed based on the trigger policy of pressure slope The effort of more active response (such as faster) patient.It should be understood that in order to the pressure signal that will likely decay/postpone effect most Smallization can adjust the diameters downstream of the combined NO/ triggering tube chambers of casing of the present invention to widen (such as optimization) casing Bandpass characteristics；However, this is there may be the increased undesirable side effect of casing asoscope bridge size, this may make casing to suffering from again Person is less comfort.

In an exemplary embodiment, the diameter upstream of combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can be adjusted to widen the band of casing Logical characteristic, so that it is guaranteed that the upstream of asoscope bridge limitation (such as 0.046 inch of ID limitation etc.) can not exist it is unwanted compressible Volume.This bandpass characteristics that can be reduced the compressible volume in casing and/or effectively increase casing.

In an exemplary embodiment, dose delivery can be triggered based on the gradient pressure pattern that instruction patient makes great efforts (such as passing through delivery apparatus), and/or slope magnitude can be reduced by the filtering feature of tube body, however, algorithm triggers are determined Fixed (such as passing through delivery apparatus) there will still likely be slope.In an exemplary embodiment, triggering method can be not based on pressure Threshold value, on the contrary, triggering method can be based on pressure slope trend, this can be also used for improving the totality administered to a patient Delivering in time.It should be understood that triggering is implemented be optional.

Single-lumen casing

With reference to figure 3A, in an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can have at least one tube chamber (that is, single-lumen casing 300), nitrogen oxide can be delivered in for the same tube chamber of delivering oxygen and/or triggering delivery apparatus 303.Use single tube Oxygen and/or surrounding air stream 305 can be delivered to patient, wherein NO dosage 307 by chamber casing 300 in single tube chamber Intermittently in pulse to fluid.This same tube chamber can be also used for triggering.Using this technology, can substantially reduce inverse To flowing, for example, because after each NO pulses O2 and/or air can effectively cleaning sleeve osing Jing Qiao, and/or because Single tube chamber after valve closure on device can be closed system and therefore can prevent in fluid sleeve pipe tube chamber. However, using this technology, oxygen and/or air 305 can contact and react with the intraluminal NO 307 of casing 300 (such as forming NO2), to the expected NO dosage of dilution.

In an exemplary embodiment, (such as isolation) NO and O2 can be buffered using carrier gas, and/or can used Carrier gas increases the effective volume of dosage delivered, for example, to reduce transmission times of the NO in casing.This buffer gas can To be diffused into NO dosage and/or surround NO dosage (such as front and rear spatially).

It is in an exemplary embodiment, right in order to reduce the intraluminal oxygen of NO/O2 and/or air 305 with reference to figure 3B The dilution of NO 307 can deliver buffer 309 between NO 307 and oxygen 305.For example, can pass through first NO/O2 tube chamber delivering oxygens can then deliver buffer (such as inert gas, nitrogen etc.), can then deliver NO, with After can deliver another buffer, and then can be with delivering oxygen.Buffer can reduce the phase interaction between NO and oxygen With to reduce for example as caused by forming NO2 to the dilution of NO.

It in an exemplary embodiment, can will be between NO and O2 when conveying NO in casing using buffer gas Exposure and time of contact minimize, and substantially without the shape distortion for making NO pulsed dosages.In exemplary implementation scheme In, buffer gas can substantially eliminate O2 so that it, which can serve as any buffer for carrying O2 secretly and/or it, to increase The volume for delivering gas, to reduce time of the NO dosage in casing.In an exemplary embodiment, buffer gas can be with Including oxygen, however, the diameter of casing tube chamber can be sufficiently small so that the cross section that NO dosage is exposed to O2 can be minimized, And/or diameter can be sufficiently large to ensure that the pulse shape of dosage is possible substantially undistorted.

In an exemplary embodiment, can by using oxygen enrichment system from air remove O2 after Remaining O2 depletion types admixture of gas provides buffer gas.

It should be understood that disclosed buffer can with any multitube chamber casing (such as double lumen casing, three tube chamber casings, Four tube chamber casings etc.) it is used together, wherein NO and O2 can be delivered in same tube chamber.For example, double lumen casing can be with With triggering tube chamber and combined NO/O2 tube chambers, wherein NO can be intermittently in pulse to O2, and wherein buffer separates NO With O2.

In an exemplary embodiment, single-lumen (such as combined NO/O2 tube chambers, combined NO/O2/ trigger tube chamber Deng) internal diameter can be configured so as to substantially it is smaller, for example, with reduce residual gas mixing.As discussed above, including The tube chamber of different function (such as NO deliverings, triggering, O2 deliverings etc.) can have the competition module of optimization.For optimization For, the size of single-lumen cross section may need to compromise between at least some of these competition modules. For example, because single-lumen has combined NO/ triggering tube chambers and/or combined NO/O2/ triggers, single-lumen Best geometric properties (such as shape, size etc.) may need to compromise between at least some competition modules, with example Such as in sucting stage early stage delivering NO pulses and/or fluid, reduction pneumatic latency, reduction fluid wave distortion, reduction pressure The NO oxidations of NO mixed volumes and/or Jing Qiaochu at signal delay and/or distortion, reduction asoscope bridge.At least consider optimization Competition module, at least some embodiments, single-lumen (such as combined NO/O2 tube chambers, combined NO/O2/ Trigger tube chamber etc.) internal diameter can be less than about 0.07 inch.

Double lumen casing

With reference to figure 4, in an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can have at least two tube chambers (that is, double lumen casing It 400), can be different from delivering oxygen (such as from oxygen/air supply 405) and/or delivering dress can be triggered It sets and delivers nitrogen oxide in the independent tube chamber (such as NO tube chambers 404) of at least one tube chamber 406 of (such as delivery apparatus 403).NO Treatment gas comprising NO can be transported to patient's (such as at casing asoscope bridge 402) by tube chamber from NO delivery apparatus 403. Two tube chambers can collect to be directed to together in single sleeve pipe asoscope bridge (such as casing asoscope bridge 402), casing asoscope bridge can have The independent flow path of each tube chamber.

In an exemplary embodiment, the tube chamber (such as tube chamber of double lumen casing) of gas of the conveying containing nitrogen oxide can With with substantially smaller internal diameter, internal diameter is likely less than other tube chambers (such as triggering tube chamber, oxygen tube chamber etc.).At least In these embodiments, since there is the tube chamber of conveying NO substantially smaller internal diameter, casing can pass through at least following mechanism To reduce dilution：(i) due to due to reducing the reverse flow of the small ID NO Delivery lumens of inflow because of smaller ID by oxygen and NO Mixing minimizes；(ii) due to can by with small ID NO Delivery lumens come by reducing the NO gas volumes of per unit length The total volume of gas mixing is minimized；And/or (iii) small ID NO Delivery lumens can generate narrow air-flow spout, this can Minimum is mixed so that the O2/NO during NO is delivered effectively is mixed the O2/NO during minimizing and/or can delivering NO Change, until entering nasal cavity deeper inside.It can be described herein other more by reducing for reducing diluted similar mechanism NO used in tube chamber casing (such as three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings etc.) delivers the ID of tube chamber to realize.

In an exemplary embodiment, the diameter of lumen can be minimized so that it can reasonably as far as possible It is small, without obscuring upstream effects to the fluid delivery mechanism generation of device.For example, in one or more embodiments, NO tube chambers can have the ID in about 0.01 inch to about 0.10 inch and/or about 0.03 inch to about 0.08 inch range. In addition, in one or more embodiments, oxygen tube chamber and/or triggering tube chamber (such as dedicated trigger tube chamber etc.) can have Have in about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch range and/or about 0.08 inch of ID.

With reference to figure 5A to Fig. 5 B, in an exemplary embodiment, double lumen casing can have for oxygen delivery One tube chamber 502 and for NO deliver and transmit delivery apparatus 505 trigger sensor pressure signal the second tube chamber 504. Under this configuration, oxygen can be transported to the asoscope bridge 506 of casing by the first tube chamber 502 from oxygen storage device/inspissator 507. NO can be delivered to patient by the second tube chamber 504 from nitrogen oxide delivery apparatus, and/or can be delivered from patient based on pressure The trigger signal of power is to trigger the sensor of nitrogen oxide delivery apparatus.Two tube chambers can be constructed and (such as led to three with connecting Connect) in two nostrils 508/510, and be in therefore accessible fluid communication with two nostrils 508/510.

It can be configured to the first tube chamber of conveying oxygen, wherein lumen diameter geometric properties meet industrial specification.Citing For, the nasal cannula with 6 grades of LPM oxygen delivery abilities can be with about 0.08 inch of oxygen at or near asoscope bridge Lumen diameter.Therefore, in one or more embodiments, oxygen tube chamber can have at about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 English In very little range and/or about 0.08 inch of internal diameter.

It can be configured to conveying NO based on the compromise (for example, as discussed above) to competing module and touch Second tube chamber of hair.For example, because the second tube chamber is combined with conveying NO and/triggering, the best geometry of the second tube chamber Property (such as shape, size etc.) may need to compromise between at least some competition modules, for example to suck The delivering NO pulses of early stage in stage and/or fluid reduce pneumatic latency, reduce fluid wave distortion, reduce pressure signal delay And/or the NO oxidations of the NO mixed volumes and/or Jing Qiaochu at distortion, reduction asoscope bridge.At least consider the competition extent of optimization Amount standard, at least some embodiments, the geometric properties of the combined NO/ triggering tube chambers of double lumen casing can be about In 0.08 inch range.In an exemplary embodiment, the internal diameter of the second tube chamber can be considered to determine by volume administration accuracy Fixed, the second tube chamber can have ID in about 0.01 inch to about 0.10 inch range and/or the second tube chamber that can have ID in about 0.01 inch to about 0.06 inch range, wherein upstream tube body can be adjusted to optimize (such as widening) system The band logical performance of system.

In an exemplary embodiment, double lumen casing can have the first tube chamber for NO deliverings and be passed for O2 Send and transmit the second tube chamber of the pressure signal of the trigger sensor of delivery apparatus.In this configuration, NO tube chambers may essence On smaller (such as with size similar with the NO tube chambers hereafter described in three tube chamber casings) and/or combined O2 and Triggering tube chamber can have at asoscope bridge at about 0.07 inch to about 0.14 inch and/or about 0.03 inch to about 0.08 English Internal diameter in very little range.In an exemplary embodiment, double lumen casing can have the first tube chamber delivered for NO and O2 With the second tube chamber of the pressure signal for the trigger sensor for being used for transmission delivery apparatus.In this configuration, it is passed for NO and O2 The first tube chamber sent can deliver NO and O2 using similar technology in same tube chamber, for example, such as herein with respect to single tube Described by chamber casing.

Three tube chamber casings

With reference to figure 6A to Fig. 7, in an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can have at least three tube chambers (that is, three pipes Chamber casing 600)：One tube chamber (such as can for example be delivered from delivery apparatus in delivering in tube chamber (such as NO tube chambers 604) Device 603) nitrogen oxide；Another tube chamber can be used for triggering (such as triggering tube chamber 606) such as delivery apparatus and (such as pass Send device 603)；And another tube chamber can deliver in tube chamber (such as O2 tube chambers 608) for example from O2/ air-source (examples Such as reservoir and/or inspissator 605) O2.Three tube chambers can collect together in single sleeve pipe asoscope bridge (such as casing asoscope bridge 602) in, casing asoscope bridge can have the independent flow path for each tube chamber and/or at least one tube chamber.

NO tube chambers can be can by the treatment gas comprising NO from NO delivery apparatus 603 be transported to patient (such as via Nostril 610/612 at casing asoscope bridge 602) special tube chamber.Oxygen tube chamber can be can be by oxygen rich gas (for example, all Such as oxygen-enriched air, substantially pure oxygen) from source of oxygen patient is transported to (such as via the nostril from casing asoscope bridge 602 610/612) special tube chamber.Source of oxygen can be pulse of oxygen device (for example, such as oxygen storage device) and/or constant current oxygen Device of air (for example, such as oxygen concentrator), and/or can be the interface on the NO delivery apparatus for deliver oxygen rich gas.Triggering Tube chamber can be the special tube chamber for allowing trigger signal to travel to NO delivery apparatus 603 from patient.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can connect oxygen tube chamber and source of oxygen (such as pulse of oxygen device, Oxygen storage device, constant current oxygen unit, oxygen concentrator etc.) and/or nasal cannula may be not connected to oxygen tube chamber and source of oxygen (for example, patient for not receiving supplemental oxygen).For not receiving the patient of supplemental oxygen, can remove and/or can portion Divide removal oxygen tube chamber.For example, oxygen tube chamber can partly be retained with the oxygen around patients head of supporting sleeve Side, and the luminal part that offer is connect with source of oxygen (for example, oxygen fairlead of tube reducing device) can be removed.To in this article Described other multitube chamber casings (such as double lumen casing, four tube chamber casings etc.), can similarly carry out oxygen tube chamber Removal and/or part remove.

With reference to figure 6C and Fig. 7, exemplary grommet can include three tube chambers at asoscope bridge (such as bridge of the nose accessory etc.), And/or pneumatic path and/or tube chamber can by may the asoscope bridge of casing and/or intranarial separator and/or partition board every It opens.It may include the relatively high resistant in the nostril of casing that NO supplies, which can cross asoscope bridge and be reached via relatively low air resistance source, Power aperture.In an exemplary embodiment, each tube chamber can be by casing asoscope bridge and/or the intranarial separator plate like of casing Separator separates, to prevent the fluid stream in individual tube chambers from mixing.

Three tube chambers can be squeezed out by that can generate the single mode of multitube lumen body, can be squeezed out in single multi-cavity extrusion, It can individually squeeze out and be associated in the arrangement disclosed herein to pipe and/or use any other rational skill together Art.Similar technology can be used for other multitube chamber casings described herein (such as double lumen casing, four tube chamber casings Deng).

With reference to figure 7, in an exemplary embodiment, into nasal cannula asoscope bridge 602 and/or to be had just enter into wherein when just When later, NO delivering tube chamber/pipes 604 can reduce internal diameter (ID) at least once.Therefore, in one or more embodiments, Aerodynamic drag in the nostril of nasal cannula can be more than in the tube body for conveying NO from NO delivery apparatus to casing asoscope bridge.Showing In example property embodiment, the smaller ID tube bodies of special NO deliverings tube chamber can allow many advantages, such as, but not limited to：

Shorter gas transmission time；

It reduces surrounding air and inversely flows into tube chamber in sucking/exhalation stage and (such as subtracted according to the gloomy diffusion of promise It is few, illustrate that diffusion rate is proportional to the mean-free-path length of gas molecule, and the mean-free-path length of gas molecule It can be reduced with smaller ID)；

Increase gas flow resistance (such as smaller ID tube bodies generate gas flow resistance, according to Poiseuille's law, gas Body flow resistance can be inversely proportional with the biquadratic of tube body radius)；With

Reduce the volume of the threeway ring of NO delivering tube chambers.

The possibility that reverse flow can be reduced above reduces the volume of reverse flow, and/or reduces in NO and casing Other gases (including oxygen) contact and/or duration of contact, name just a few.This can reduce the dilution to NO again And/or to increase the accuracy of delivered NO dosage.Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment, the ID of NO tube chambers can be About 0.01 inch to about 0.10 inch and/or about 0.07 inch.

The ID of NO tube chambers can minimize ID from maximum ID, such as at least to reduce cross flow one and/or increase patient Comfort.In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio between the minimum ID of NO tube chambers and maximum ID can be but not limited to 1:1、1:1.2、 1:1.3、1:1.5、1:2、1:2.5、 1:3、1:3.5、1:4、1:4.5、1:5、1:5.5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9 and/or 1: 10, it names just a few.The ratio between similar NO tube chamber minimum ID and maximum ID can be used for it is described herein can have it is special Other multitube chamber casings (such as double lumen, three tube chambers, four of tube chamber and/or combined NO deliverings and triggering tube chamber are delivered with NO Tube chamber casing etc.).

Triggering tube chamber ID opposite can be far longer than NO tube chambers ID.Triggering tube chamber ID can be substantially larger, to suck When triggering pressure drop NO can be transmitted to by this casing tube chamber with minimum possibility signal amplitude loss and/or phase retardation and deliver Device, NO delivery apparatus can carry out delivery of pulses NO using this pressure signal again.Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment, touch The ID for sending out tube chamber can be about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch and/or about 0.08 inch.In an exemplary embodiment, NO The ratio between the ID of the ID of tube chamber and triggering tube chamber can be but trigger is limited to 1:1、1:1.2、1:1.3、1:1.5、1:2、1:2.5、 1:3、1:3.5、1:4、1:4.5、 1:5、1:5.5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9、1:10、1:12、1:15、1:20、1:25 and/or 1:30, it names just a few.

Oxygen tube chamber can also be more than NO tube chambers, for example, so that oxygen flow resistance is minimized at nostril and/or Gas flow rates are reduced, this is possibly used for interfering the triggering pressure signal caused by gas mobilization (for example, such as According to bernoulli principle) and/or the resonance of the high frequency (such as audibility range) of reduction and high speed oxygen transmission, to reduction and oxygen Gas delivers relevant " noise ".Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment, the ID of oxygen tube chamber can be about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch and/or about 0.08 inch.In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio between ID of the ID of NO tube chambers and oxygen tube chamber can be with It is but oxygen is limited to 1:1、1:1.2、1:1.3、1:1.5、1:2、1:2.5、1:3、1:3.5、1:4、1:4.5、1:5、1:5.5、1: 6、1:7、1:8、 1:9、1:10、1:12、1:15、1:20、1:25 and/or 1:30, it names just a few.

Four tube chamber casings

With reference to figure 8A to Fig. 8 D, in an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can have at least four tube chambers (that is, four pipes Chamber casing 800)：Two tube chambers can deliver in tube chamber (such as NO tube chambers 804A and 804B) for example from delivery apparatus (example Such as delivery apparatus 803) nitrogen oxide；Another tube chamber can be used for triggering (such as triggering tube chamber 806) such as delivery apparatus (such as delivery apparatus 803)；And another tube chamber can be delivered for example in tube chamber (such as O2 tube chambers 808) from O2/ skies The O2 of air source (such as reservoir and/or inspissator 805).Four tube chambers can collect together in single sleeve pipe asoscope bridge (such as casing Asoscope bridge 802) in, casing asoscope bridge can have the independent flow path for each tube chamber and/or at least one tube chamber.

In an exemplary embodiment, as pneumatic configuration discussed above, this configuration can separate NO, oxygen and touch Send out the pneumatic path of device.In addition, in an exemplary embodiment, the delivery path that NO flows to each nostril can be kept to separate And independently and/or in NO delivery apparatus there is its distinctive pneumatic dispatch source.

With reference to figure 8D, the exemplary four tube chambers casing with above-mentioned configuration can be constructed at casing asoscope bridge, wherein four The tube chamber of casing can be blended in the single umbilical between casing asoscope bridge and device by tube chamber casing, for example, such as may be with Three tube chamber casings are done similar.Similar to three tube chamber casings (for example, as with reference to described by least Fig. 7), when tube body is just wanted When into nasal cannula asoscope bridge 802 and/or after having just enter into wherein, NO deliverings tube chamber/pipe 804A and 804B can reduce interior Diameter (ID) is at least once.Therefore, in one or more embodiments, the aerodynamic drag in the nostril of nasal cannula can be more than In the tube body for conveying NO from NO delivery apparatus to casing asoscope bridge.

In an exemplary embodiment, trigger tube chamber 806, oxygen tube chamber 808, NO tube chambers 804A and 804B size can It can be provided with the geometric properties similar to individual tube chambers and/or these tube chambers in three tube chamber casings and be managed with above for three Those similar benefits described in chamber casing.

In addition to the above benefit, the configuration of four tube chamber casings can especially prevent gas motion from being supplied by NO during exhalation The connection (such as threeway connection) of pipeline is answered to deliver ring.This can reduce the contact of NO/ oxygen, and/or reduce or substantially eliminate Cross flow one.In at least some cases, special pneumatic circuit can be needed for each NO tube chambers using four tube chamber casings.

In an exemplary embodiment, the configuration of four tube chamber casings may include two triggering tube chambers (such as each nostril) And NO delivering tube chambers and O2 deliver tube chamber.Certainly, other configurations are within the scope of the invention.

Check-valves and valve

In one or more embodiments, nasal cannula (such as it is single-lumen casing, multitube chamber casing, disclosed herein Any nasal cannula etc.) may include one or more check-valves, check-valves can be located in nitrogen oxide delivery line and/or It is in flow communication.In addition, in an exemplary embodiment, being located in nitrogen oxide delivery line and/or in flow communication One or more check-valves can be combined with any described multitube chamber configuration.Check-valves is particularly useful for preventing reverse Gas motion enters NO during sucking/exhalation and supplies tube chamber.Check-valves can be any low cracking pressure check-valves, can To be placed on some points in NO delivery paths and/or in flow communication.Check-valves can include but is not limited to duckbill valve, Umbrella valve and/or any other valve.

With reference to figure 9A, exemplary duckbill valve 902 and/or with reference to figure 9B to Fig. 9 C is illustratively depicted exemplary umbrella Valve 904 can be used with nasal cannula according to the present invention.These check-valves can be miniature check valve, for example, so They, which can have, can coordinate the size being in fluid communication in NO delivers tube chamber and/or with NO delivering tube chambers and/or they can With by during molding and/or manufacturing process suitably forming and/or constructed by tube chamber itself by cutting lumen exit port and At.

With reference to figure 10, in one or more embodiments, NO delivery cannulas and/or tube chamber can have valvula and/or Umbrella check-valves 1000 can be located at casing asoscope bridge 1002 and/or can allow NO pulses during device NO pulses It is delivered to entire nasal oral region.This configuration can allow NO to flow into after inhalation in any one and/or two open nostrils, And/or reverse flow into NO tube chambers (such as during exhalation) can be limited.O2 and/or triggering tube chamber can be combined or be kept It is separated with NO tube chambers, for example, to reduce any unfavorable signal-to-noise ratio shadow to triggering tube chamber performance caused by being flowed due to oxygen It rings.Configuration with petaloid valve can prevent oxygen from backward flowing into NO delivery paths, to reduce the diluted possibility of dosage Property.Partition board and/or other barriers can separate NO delivery lines at casing asoscope bridge and trigger pipeline with O2/, for example, to prevent Only mix.

In one or more embodiments, nasal cannula can be incorporated to impermeable and/or semi-permeable membrane, and film can be removable Or it is fixed and/or can actively or passively move when needed.In addition, film can separate gas or material containing NO With gas or material containing O2, for example, until NO needs to be delivered to patient.This film can reduce NO and the gas containing O2 Time of contact, surface area between body and/or diffusion rate.This can reduce NO2 and be formed, NO2 formation can dilute expected from NO delivers concentration.

With reference to figure 11A, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, substantially in casing, NO tube chambers containing NO And/or casing asoscope bridge end and/or neighbouring normally closed valve 1100 (such as duckbill valve, petaloid valve, pressure valve etc.) can To prevent the gas containing NO in air contact casing, for example, until valve opening may be triggered (such as is sucked by patient Caused pressure drop or by delivery apparatus when the gas delivery that it attempts that NO will be contained is to patient caused positive pressure).When valve is opened It puts when being triggered, NO can be then delivered to patient.

In one or more embodiments, can use and/or provide system will contact the gas containing O2 to be discharged Or gas or the other materials containing NO of material, otherwise it can form NO2 in this mixture.System can then allow to have There are minimum or gas or material of the another part without NO2 containing NO to be delivered to patient.

With reference to figure 11B, in one or more embodiments of the present invention, system and/or nasal cannula may include electronic Mechanical valve systems 1104 and/or with its fluid communication, valve system can start, for example, solid to be pumped out by independent aperture The possibility of fixed or adjustable amount contains the admixture of gas of NO2, rather than casing opens patient.System can then start So that the gas or material that contain NO are pumped to patient.

It should be understood that any teachings above content (such as check-valves, check valve configuration, film, valve, motor machine valve system System etc.) it can be with any other pneumatic configuration described herein, casing configuration and/or teachings and/or embodiment party Case combines.For example, teachings above content (such as check valve configuration etc.) can be with single-lumen casing described herein Or multitube chamber casing and/or any other teachings described herein and/or embodiment are used together.

NO/O2 during being connected with source is contacted into minimum

One or more embodiments of the present invention are related to reducing high-voltage power supply (such as pressurization gas bomb etc.) using triple valve NO/O2 during being connected with delivery apparatus contacts (such as one or more above-mentioned oxygen/NO contacts source) and to dilute expection NO dosage nasal cannula and/or system.For example, nasal cannula of the invention and/or system may include triple valve, In one the interface of environment can be configured so that triple valve opens environment after connecting canister (such as is blown with removing Go out) oxygen.

Nostril delivering in proportion

Referring to figs 12 to Figure 13, one or more embodiments of the invention are related to solving to work as delivering gas by nasal cannula When state drug forms such as (for example, in) pulse nitrogen oxides caused by the nasal passage at least partly blocked drug loss (such as To ambient enviroment) nasal cannula of problem and/or system (for example, as shown in Figure 12).For the example of described problem, if The side of nose (such as nose 1201), which blocks (such as blocking 1203), and drug passes through cannot distinguish that how many drug enter each nose Casing/the delivery system 1200 in hole (such as nostril 1205) is delivered to nose both sides, then may be caused by due to the nostril of blocking Drug loss.Additionally, it is possible to there is other unwanted consequences, such as not used treatment gas with may be contacted with gas Other materials and/or compound reaction.

This insufficient administration in a case where may be especially problematic：When the medicinal treatment of delivering setting limitation, Such as when pulse (such as when with the delivering of the type of respiration and cadence synchronization of patient) leaves delivery apparatus (this by single-lumen Some points that again may be then in downstream before reaching patient are split) when.In addition, this may especially it is problematic be because When pulse drug dose is by single-lumen and is then split, dosage by identical or substantially the same may be split in two The stuffed up nose in downstream is split in a logistics without consideration.Therefore, the dosage of signal portion (such as up to half) may not deliver To patient, and/or may be retained near the nostril of blocking.

One or more embodiments of the present invention are related to for example, by being delivered to each nostril by therapy is about proportional Solve or minimize the nasal cannula and/or system of the above problem, wherein delivering and the air and gas flow velocity in nostril at than Example and/or be inversely proportional with the resistance in nostril.This can realize that driving force is usual by using the driving force of patient respiratory And substantially can be proportional into the flow velocity in each nostril to air/gas, to proportionally split and/or attract treatment Gas enters in patient's nose and subsequently enters in Patients with Lung.This system can be as follows by dose delivery to patient：It can be with Deliver the design, setting or foot of (or being inversely proportional with the resistance in each nostril) proportional to the gas flow rate in each nostril Enough dosage so that one or two nostril, which partially or completely blocks (either permanent or temporary), not to be influenced to deliver To the amount of the drug of patient.

For example, casing/tube chamber can be designed to deliver the desired amount for the treatment of gas so that the dosage of delivering can be with It injects and/or is delivered in the sucking air stream of the flowing driven by patient respiratory, wherein fluid is split under drug delivery point Trip, it is proportional to the amount of air in each nostril is entered, or a nostril is simply delivered to (if the stream in another nostril Speed is below another expected threshold value) so that the drug of delivering can be with proportional and/or about proportionally tear open Point, or configured with all or none based on the high flow velocities nostril flowed relative to gas and be directed toward one or the other nostril.In logistics Air flow to patient can be by having from surrounding air (such as by simple hole in casing asoscope bridge) to each nose Hole flow path so that delivering point/face of this flow path before being moved to the split point towards each nostril with drug Product/volume intersection is realized.

In an exemplary embodiment, exemplary grommet/tube chamber configuration can allow by the way that each nose is led in NO injections NO is delivered to each nostril (for example, as shown in Figure 13) in the surrounding air stream in hole, and/or configuration can allow two Beneficial cross flow one occurs between nostril, can help to instruct NO to reach unplugged nostril through designing and/or using (for example, as shown in Figure 12).Delivery cannula/tube chamber can be designed to ensure that treatment gas can not be entrained out or flow out The flow path of air and enter patient.Delivery cannula/tube chamber and the flow path of sucking air to patient can pass through design With ensure in drug delivery to air stream will not be because the decanting point in infusion of medicine surrounding air stream generates back pressure or part low pressure Or other destructive pattern of flow and interfered or promoted.Delivery cannula/tube chamber, flow path, the air-flow for sucking air It splits to pass through into nostril and individual tube chambers insertion nostril and is designed to ensure that the other air or oxygens of enough air contrasts Source stream is to patient so that drug can be carried secretly and proportional to the air velocity in nostril or be substantially proportionally delivered to In nostril.

Independent nostril delivering

One or more embodiments of the present invention are related to for example, by detecting and/or measuring the driving in each nostril It is insufficient caused by partially or completely being blocked due to nostril to solve that the amount of power and adjusting are delivered to the amount of the drug in each nostril The nasal cannula and/or system of administration problem.This can be come true by using valve, baffle, flap and/or any other device It protects proportional in each nostril and/or substantially proportional administration and realizes.

In order to solve at least the above, dual channel system (such as the multitubes chamber casings such as four tube chamber casings can be used Work) at least two independent flow channels can be utilized：Each one, nostril channel.In an exemplary embodiment, these Independent flow channel can have the drug flux for the sucking tractive force for being suitable for each nostril, for example, by configuring flowing Proportionally to deliver fluid with the tractive force in each nostril, the sum of the total flow in two of which nostril reaches appropriate in channel Dosage, and/or if block the flowing tractive force in nostril in default threshold value hereinafter, if by configuring flow channel to pass It send to single work nostril (such as high flowing tractive force nostril).

With reference to figure 14A to Figure 14 B, in order to realize dual channel system, it may be necessary to have by single (spherical shape) controller Two independent fluid delivery channels of module (such as control module associated with delivery apparatus etc.) coupling.These deliverings Channel may respectively need the pressure and/or flow signals and can be by gas delivery to nostril of related particular naris.Citing For, as illustrated in Figure 14 A, casing 1400 can have independent sensing tube chamber 1402 and delivering for each nostril Tube chamber 1404 (such as double lumen casing, three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings etc.).Again for example, as illustrated in Figure 14 B, Casing 1410 can have the combined sensing and delivering tube chamber 1412 for each nostril, wherein can measure and/or detect Triggering or breathing detection signal and pass through the same tube chamber of casing (for example, single-lumen casing, double lumen casing etc.) deliver medicine Object, as illustrated in Figure 14 B.

With reference to figure 15, in an exemplary embodiment, it may be necessary to which the pneumatic system 1500 for implementing casing (such as delivers Device) to support above tube chamber configuration (for example, as described above) and/or can to need have (1) can be independently or with gas Dynamic isolation method monitors the pressure sensor 1502 in each channel and/or integrated flow sensors 1504 and/or (2) may tools There is matching for the fluid delivery mechanism of software-controlled (switching mode) solenoid valve and/or software-controlled proportion magnetic valve 1506 It sets.Configuration using pressure and/or flow sensor may include the special pressure and/or flow for each delivering channel Sensor and/or the pressure that can alternately change and/or measure and/or detect each channel being isolated between delivering channel And/or the Vavle switching type pressure and/or flow sensor of flow reading.Can use one or more sensors independently and/ Or otherness measure pressure and/or flow (such as using pressure sensor 1502, integrated flow sensors 1504 etc.).This Outside, one or more valves can start (such as independent, concatenated, pari passu etc.) to deliver appropriate treatment gas.

In an exemplary embodiment, can be ensured by the way that two channels can be independently controlled for example appropriate total The controller and/or embedded (spherical shape) controller module of body administration control pneumatic channel.This controller, which can receive, to be come From pressure or flow sensor (such as two independent pressure sensors, can obtain two pressure measuring values isolation list A pressure sensor etc.) input, and two solenoid valves can be controlled to realize dosage regimen appropriate.

The manufacture of multitube chamber nasal cannula

As set forth above, it is possible to respectively manufacture multitube chamber casing individual tube chambers and then it is associated with each other (such as to pipe arrange Deng), and/or multiple tube chambers can be squeezed out by generating the single punch die of multitube lumen.

According to one or more embodiments, multitube chamber set described herein can be manufactured using molding technique The multitube chamber asoscope bridge of pipe.For example, it can manufacture with for individual oxygen, nitrogen oxide and three pipes for triggering tube chamber The casing of chamber casing asoscope bridge.

With reference to figure 16, in one or more embodiments, the asoscope bridge 1602 of three tube chamber casings may include three pipes Chamber, two tube chambers are with about 0.08 inch of internal diameter (for example, for oxygen tube chamber 1608 and/or triggering tube chamber 1066) and one A tube chamber has about 0.045 inch of smaller internal diameter (for example, for nitrogen oxide tube chamber 1604).This configuration may be not easy It is moulded by typical injection molding technology, for example, because lumen can in designed for persistently nonexpondable mould Can need may be too small and (outer diameter is about for the injection needle of (such as being resistant to a large amount of injection part without being bent) built on the sand 0.045 inch).

With reference to figure 17, in order to manufacture multitube chamber casing asoscope bridge, can use can have at least two urethanes Ester, PVC, polysiloxanes and/or other durometer elastomer parts (such as 1701 and 1702) mold, wherein big tube chamber (outer diameter is about by larger injection needle/rear mold pin for internal component (1704 and 1705) (such as oxygen tube chamber, triggering tube chamber etc.) 0.08 inch) it limits, and wherein smaller portions tube chamber dent (such as 1706 and 1708) limits lumen (such as NO tube chambers) Profile.Then can be partially folded by the two and preferably remnants not be generated with RF welding and/or solvent bonding etc. The adhering technique of object or weld seam is bonded together, to form whole asoscope bridge.

In an exemplary embodiment, in order to which the small ID tube chambers defined by the dent in part evade injection needle limitation, Two parts can disposably be molded as it is flat, such as fold and adhesion technique during use ribbon (such as ribbon 1709) It will be partially held in together and overall alignment is provided.Molding part may include collection pore-forming and tarnish circle in some cases Cylindricality trimmer or other supplement components (such as trimmer 1710 and trimmer counter pair 1712) so that when folding When part can be appropriately aligned.Ribbon can also be optional, for example, if the appropriate supplement on two parts indicates structure If part ensures that two parts to form NO tube chamber outer walls can be appropriately aligned.The asoscope bridge of assembling can allow three pipes Chamber inputs, and can suitably connect (such as threeway connection) in each tube chamber input in asoscope bridge internal component.Certainly, Any rational technical construction asoscope bridge can be used.For example, can also be moulded using liquid silastic injection (for example, The low-pressure molding technology of more firm mould may be implemented) and/or using low-pressure molding technology come construct have substantially compared with The asoscope bridge of small NO tube chambers.In addition it is possible to use the widget as known in the art that can be used for is (including with small mold needle Component) the miniature molding technique of high-resolution production construct the asoscope bridge with substantial smaller NO tube chambers.Citing comes It says, the asoscope bridge with substantial smaller NO tube chambers can be constructed using miniature molding technique as known in the art.

With reference to figure 18, the nostril (such as nostril 1716) for being illustratively depicted the multitube chamber casing asoscope bridge of Figure 17 exists Perspective view after two parts are assembled.

Tube chamber ID can as above be adjusted.For example, the ID of oxygen tube chamber can be at about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch In range, the ID for triggering tube chamber can be in about 0.05 inch to about 0.20 inch range, and the ID of NO tube chambers can be about 0.01 inch in about 0.10 inch range.In one or more embodiments, oxygen tube chamber and the ID for triggering tube chamber may be used With in about 0.07 inch to about 0.09 inch and/or about 0.08 inch range, and the ID of NO tube chambers can be in about 0.035 English It is very little in about 0.055 inch and/or about 0.045 inch range.

With reference to figure 19A to Figure 19 B, in nostril 1900 or before, small NO tube chambers 1902 can be in larger triggering tube chamber 1904 proximal ends and/or inside are left, such as so that any tip of larger triggering tube chamber blocks (because that may not be able to be purified In) effect blowout/discharge of NO pulses can be passed through.It is all in larger triggering tube chamber to ensure that geometric properties can be designed And/or substantially all NO can reach respiratory system during sucking and/or not leave so as to during exhalation that it is clear Except going out.

Exemplary nasal cannula

Nasal cannula 2001 is shown according to exemplary implementation scheme with reference to figure 20 comprising for delivering oxygen, delivering NO and three independent lumens for respiratory triggering.Nasal cannula may include the asoscope bridge to connect for the nose with patient 2002.NO can be delivered to patient and transmission pressure signal by NO tube chambers 2003 and triggering tube chamber 2004 respectively.NO tube chambers 2003 Can all be pipe (such as D-shaped pipe) with triggering tube chamber 2004 so that a combination thereof pipe shows as single tubular " to pipe " 2003/ 2004.NO delivery apparatus can be connected to by ose bag pipe connections 2014 to pipe 2003/2004.Nasal cannula 2001 can also wrap Include the press key component 2010, tube reducing device 2012 and/or oxygen connector 2016 of discussed in further detail below.

With reference to figure 21A, " to pipe " can be formed by two pipes (such as two D-shaped pipes).It for example, can be independent Squeeze out D-shaped pipe and/or later operate in such as by adherency (such as adhesive, glue) and/or bonding (such as heating, Melting etc.) engaged with formed look like the single to pipe of single tube.It is furthermore possible to vary the flat boundary between tube portion Face is with enabling pipe to be easy to align with tongue to carry out subsequent bonding operation relative to each other and groove profile configures.Again For example, D-shaped pipe can be squeezed out in once-through operation and splits (such as using splitter) in end later.In addition, D-shaped Pipe extrudate can be with material having the same and/or different materials.For example, can D-shaped be constructed by antioxygen gas material NO is managed, and/or can construct another D-shaped pipe by PVC and/or other materials for being usually used in pipe construction.To pipe 2003/2004 It can be connected to NO delivery apparatus by ose bag pipe connections 2014.

With reference to figure 21B and Figure 21 C, in an exemplary embodiment, pipe (such as NO tube chambers 2003, triggering tube chamber 2004, Oxygen tube chamber 2008, combination tube chamber etc.) and/or may include geometry protrusion (such as convex section, raised line etc.) to the internal diameter of pipe And/or insert (such as trimmer etc.) to be to prevent complete blockage, for example, caused by pipe kink and/or pipe compress.This Kind of geometry protrusion can be with spaced radial so that they can be symmetrical and/or be located asymmetrically in pipe and/or in pipe.

It, can be with structural nose casing joints 2014 to ensure between patient and device with reference to figure 20 and Figure 22 A to Figure 22 E Fluid communication.Connector, which can be inserted in device and/or can be designed such that, may need unidirectional connection (such as to make It cannot be installed backward).In addition, connector may include other feature, it such as, but not limited to can be with IR sensed/detecteds one It may include strain relief assembly to act the color impression for being used for confirming to be inserted into and/or otherness reflector space and/or connector 2202 (for example, as shown in Figure 22 C to Figure 22 E), component can be integrated in connector to prevent tube body from twisting together, such as in pipe When body leaves connector.Of course, it is possible to ensure cross-sensitive/detection using other technologies.Ose bag pipe connections 2014 can be with Including raised line and/or substantially soft appearance at least aid in treatment and removal element；Strain relief, such as can be used for preventing Only twist together.Can with structural nose casing joints 2014 to ensure that user can feel or see that connector is sitting in its socket, It names just a few.

With reference to figure 20 and Figure 23, in an exemplary embodiment, oxygen connector 2016 can allow to be connected to external oxygen Gas feeding mechanism, such as, but not limited to oxygen storage device and/or inspissator.Oxygen connector 2016 can have through design Industry-standard sizes, such as used with ensuring to be easy and/or connect with oxygen supply device.In addition, oxygen tube chamber 2008 can be with Oxygen storage device or other oxygen delivery devices are connected to by oxygen connector 2016.

With reference to figure 20 and Figure 24, NO tube chambers 2003, triggering tube chamber 2004 and the oxygen tube chamber 2008 of casing asoscope bridge 2002 Internal diameter and/or outer diameter possessed by each can be less than related fittings 2014 and 2016.Therefore, tube reducing device 2012 can be used It is of different sizes in nasal cannula tube chamber and/or the part in cross section in connecting.In addition, tube reducing device 2012 can be also used for Oxygen tube chamber is terminated, for example, when not providing oxygen fairlead, when surrounding air receives in casing and/or working as nasal cannula When being not attached to source of oxygen, name just a few.

In an exemplary embodiment, manage (such as NO tube chambers 2003, triggering tube chamber 2004, oxygen tube chamber 2008, combination Tube chamber etc.) casing asoscope bridge 2002 and/or device connector (such as 2014 He of connector can be connected to using any technology 2016), such as, but not limited to bonding, adhesive (such as epoxy resin, cyanoacrylate etc.), solvent bonding, inset molding And/or pass through any other technology.

With reference to figure 24, tube reducing device 2012 can allow different sizes (such as various outer diameter, different inner diameters etc.) pipe it Between transition and/or connection, so for example can be optimized closest to the tube body of patient with provide patient comfort (such as Increase it is flexible, reduce outer diameter etc.) and/or allow to the pneumatic property of each tube chamber using multiple diameters optimization casing Can, such as by optimizing patient comfort by being minimized positioned at the pipe diameter of patients head proximal end.

Asoscope bridge

With reference to figure 25A to Figure 25 Q, it is illustratively depicted the various views of various exemplary grommet asoscope bridges 2002.Figure 25A shows that the side view of casing asoscope bridge 2002, wherein oxygen tube chamber 2008 are connected to casing asoscope bridge 2002.Figure 25 B show Two D-shaped openings of tube chamber 2004 are gone out for NO tube chambers 2003 and have triggered.Figure 25 C show central lumen for NO and two Each conduit of a outer lumen for oxygen and the ose bag pipe connections of triggering.

In an exemplary embodiment, casing asoscope bridge and/or at least some casing asoscope bridges and/or casing can have There is selected material character (such as hardness etc.) to provide comfort, while ensuring (such as casing asoscope bridge, at least some sets Osing Jing Qiao, at least some casings etc.) structure and pneumatic integrality.For example, in order to provide comfort, ensure simultaneously Structure and pneumatic integrality, casing asoscope bridge and/or at least some casing asoscope bridges and/or casing can have about 30 to 70 Hardness and/or about 50 hardness (Shore A).

In an exemplary embodiment, casing asoscope bridge 2002 may include three tube chambers designed in " whirlwind " 2515, It can allow nostril to have sufficient rigidity, and allow nostril that can be partially compressed, for example, because oxygen tube chamber 2008 and triggering The line of demarcation of tube chamber 2004 can deviate (such as not delivering the center alignment of tube chamber 2003 by NO).This compressibility can To allow nose conduit more flexible and comfort compared with other three tube chambers trocar guide tubes design.

In an exemplary embodiment, whirlwind can also be encapsulated smaller NO tube chambers 2004, and nostril can pass through design with true Best and/or required insert the distance is protected, and/or in order to increase comfort, nasal cannula can be tapered from bottom to end And/or it can be arched (such as inside relative to nose opening).In an exemplary embodiment, this is best and/or required Insert the distance can be about 0.1 inch to about 0.6 inch and/or about 0.40 inch.

In an exemplary embodiment, the outlet geometric properties of oxygen tube chamber (for example, at casing asoscope bridge) can be through Design is crossed to be tapered to reduce audible frequencies noise (for example, about 20hz to 15khz) for example, by oxygen lumen exit port.This Outside, it can also prevent the audibility range caused by being flowed due to oxygen from vibrating and making an uproar by changing the hardness of oxygen conveying pipe chamber Sound and/or the oxygen tube chamber geometric properties of noise (such as vibration, resonance etc.) are not generated by selection to realize noise reduction.

With reference to figure 26A to Figure 26 C, viewgraph of cross-section shows the various exemplary configurations of ose bag nose bore.Citing comes It says, Figure 26 A have been illustratively depicted " whirlwind " pattern.It may include about " rotation that Figure 26 B to Figure 26 D, which have been illustratively depicted, The other configurations of the disclosed at least some benefits of wind " configuration.For example, other configurations can allow nostril to have abundance It rigidly and can allow nostril that can be partially compressed, and/or the other of at least some benefits disclosed above can be provided Configuration is within the scope of the invention.

It in an exemplary embodiment, can be by the minimum outer diameter in casing asoscope bridge nostril to increase patient comfort. Consider this outside dimension, the size of various tube chambers (such as triggering tube chamber, NO tube chambers, O2 tube chambers etc.) can be selected not only to carry out Optimization (for example, as discussed herein), but also can be restricted in terms of size to obtain patient comfort.Citing comes Say, although optimize so that nostril have larger outer diameter (such as about 0.25 inch of outer diameter or bigger) may be it is beneficial, But the nostril of casing, which can have, to be less than and/or about 0.2 inch of outer diameter is to obtain patient comfort.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, NO tube chambers that tube body possessed by three tube chamber casings (such as about 7 feet of length) can be with about 0.069 inch of ID, ID are about 0.089 inch triggering about 0.089 inch of tube chamber and ID O2 tube chambers, wherein at least some tube chambers casing asoscope bridge (such as About 0.59 inch of carapace length) at reduce and/or at the nostril (such as about 0.47 inch of length) of casing asoscope bridge reduce (for example, reducing again).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.049 inch of ID, triggering pipe Chamber can have about 0.089 inch of ID with about 0.089 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers.Still according to the above reality Example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.038 inch of ID, and triggering tube chamber can reduce to about 0.079 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers can reduce to about 0.079 inch of ID.In addition, tube reducing device and/or connector it Before, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.069 inch of ID, and triggering tube chamber can be with about 0.089 inch of ID, and O2 tube chambers can With the ID with about 0.132 inch.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, NO tube chambers that tube body possessed by three tube chamber casings (such as about 3 feet of length) can be with about 0.064 inch of ID, ID are about 0.084 inch triggering about 0.084 inch of tube chamber and ID O2 tube chambers, wherein at least some tube chambers casing asoscope bridge (such as About 0.59 inch of carapace length) at reduce and/or at the nostril (such as about 0.47 inch of length) of casing asoscope bridge reduce (for example, reducing again).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.044 inch of ID, triggering pipe Chamber can have about 0.084 inch of ID with about 0.084 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers.Still according to the above reality Example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.036 inch of ID, and triggering tube chamber can reduce to about 0.074 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers can reduce to about 0.074 inch of ID.In addition, tube reducing device and/or connector it Before, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.064 inch of ID, and triggering tube chamber can be with about 0.084 inch of ID, and O2 tube chambers can With the ID with about 0.127 inch.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by three tube chamber casings (such as about 15 feet of length) can be with NO tube chambers, the ID of about 0.074 inch of ID The O2 tube chambers of about 0.094 inch of triggering about 0.094 inch of tube chamber and ID, wherein at least some tube chambers are in casing asoscope bridge (example Such as about 0.59 inch of carapace length) at reduce and/or reduce at the nostril (such as about 0.47 inch of length) of casing asoscope bridge (for example, reducing again).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.054 inch of ID, triggering pipe Chamber can have about 0.094 inch of ID with about 0.094 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers.Still according to the above reality Example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.04 inch of ID, and triggering tube chamber can reduce to about 0.084 ID the and/or O2 tube chambers of inch can reduce to about 0.084 inch of ID.In addition, before tube reducing device and/or connector, NO Tube chamber can reduce to about 0.074 inch of ID, and triggering tube chamber can be with about 0.094 inch of ID, and O2 tube chambers can have There is about 0.137 inch of ID.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by four tube chamber casings (such as about 7 feet of length) can be with the NO of about 0.069 inch of at least one ID The O2 tube chambers for triggering about 0.089 inch of tube chamber and ID of tube chamber, about 0.089 inch of at least one ID, wherein at least some tube chambers Reduce at casing asoscope bridge (such as about 0.59 inch of carapace length) and/or casing asoscope bridge nostril (such as length About 0.47 inch) at reduce (for example, again reduce).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to ID about 0.049 inch, triggering tube chamber can have about 0.089 inch with about 0.089 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers ID.Still according to above example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.038 inch of ID, triggering pipe Chamber, which can reduce to about 0.079 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers, can reduce to about 0.079 inch of ID.In addition, in tube reducing device And/or before connector, NO tube chambers can have about 0.089 inch with about 0.069 inch of ID, triggering tube chamber ID, and O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.132 inch of ID.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by four tube chamber casings (such as about 3 feet of length) can be with the NO of about 0.064 inch of at least one ID The O2 tube chambers for triggering about 0.084 inch of tube chamber and ID of tube chamber, about 0.084 inch of at least one ID, wherein at least some tube chambers Reduce at casing asoscope bridge (such as about 0.59 inch of carapace length) and/or casing asoscope bridge nostril (such as length About 0.47 inch) at reduce (for example, again reduce).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.044 inch of ID, triggering tube chamber can have about 0.084 inch with about 0.084 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers ID.Still according to above example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.036 inch of ID, triggering Tube chamber, which can reduce to about 0.074 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers, can reduce to about 0.074 inch of ID.In addition, in tube reducing device And/or before connector, NO tube chambers can have about 0.084 inch with about 0.064 inch of ID, triggering tube chamber ID, and O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.127 inch of ID.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by four tube chamber casings (such as about 15 feet of length) can be with the NO of about 0.074 inch of at least one ID The O2 tube chambers for triggering about 0.094 inch of tube chamber and ID of tube chamber, about 0.094 inch of at least one ID, wherein at least some tube chambers Reduce at casing asoscope bridge (such as about 0.59 inch of carapace length) and/or casing asoscope bridge nostril (such as length About 0.47 inch) at reduce (for example, again reduce).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.054 inch of ID, triggering tube chamber can have about 0.094 inch with about 0.094 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers ID.Still according to above example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, NO tube chambers can reduce to about 0.04 inch of ID, triggering Tube chamber, which can reduce to about 0.084 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers, can reduce to about 0.084 inch of ID.In addition, in tube reducing device And/or before connector, NO tube chambers can have about 0.094 inch with about 0.074 inch of ID, triggering tube chamber ID, and O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.137 inch of ID.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by double lumen casing (such as about 7 feet of length) can the combined NO/ with about 0.07 inch of ID touch The O2 tube chambers of about 0.089 inch of tube chamber and ID are sent out, (such as carapace length is about in casing asoscope bridge for wherein at least some tube chambers 0.59 inch) at reduce and/or at the nostril (such as about 0.47 inch of length) of casing asoscope bridge reduce (for example, again Reduce).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can reduce to about 0.05 inch of ID, and/or O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.089 inch of ID.Still according to above example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, combined NO/ Triggering tube chamber, which can reduce to about 0.04 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers, can reduce to about 0.079 inch of ID.Combined NO/ These sizes of triggering tube chamber each can slightly increase (such as some thousandths of), for example, being declined with reducing trigger signal Subtract.In addition, before tube reducing device and/or connector, combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can have about 0.07 inch of ID, and O2 Tube chamber can be with about 0.132 inch of ID.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by double lumen casing (such as about 3 feet of length) can the combined NO/ with about 0.064 inch of ID touch The O2 tube chambers of about 0.084 inch of tube chamber and ID are sent out, (such as carapace length is about in casing asoscope bridge for wherein at least some tube chambers 0.59 inch) at reduce and/or at the nostril (such as about 0.47 inch of length) of casing asoscope bridge reduce (for example, again Reduce).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can reduce to about 0.044 inch of ID, and/or O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.0.084 inches of ID.It is combined at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge still according to above example NO/ triggering tube chambers, which can reduce to about 0.036 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers, can reduce to about 0.074 inch of ID.Combination These sizes of type NO/ triggering tube chambers each can slightly increase (such as some thousandths of), for example, to reduce triggering letter Number decaying.In addition, before tube reducing device and/or connector, combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can be with about 0.064 inch ID, and O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.127 inch of ID.

For example, consider patient comfort and at least some and/or all optimization measurement marks disclosed herein Standard, tube body possessed by double lumen casing (such as about 15 feet of length) can be with the combined NO/ of about 0.074 inch of ID The O2 tube chambers of about 0.094 inch of tube chamber and ID are triggered, (such as carapace length is about in casing asoscope bridge for wherein at least some tube chambers 0.59 inch) at reduce and/or at the nostril (such as about 0.47 inch of length) of casing asoscope bridge reduce (for example, again Reduce).For example, at casing asoscope bridge, combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can reduce to about 0.054 inch of ID, and/or O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.094 inch of ID.Still according to above example, at the nostril of casing asoscope bridge, combined NO/ Triggering tube chamber, which can reduce to about 0.040 inch of ID and/or O2 tube chambers, can reduce to about 0.084 inch of ID.It is combined These sizes of NO/ triggering tube chambers each can slightly increase (such as some thousandths of inch), for example, to reduce triggering Signal is decayed.In addition, before tube reducing device and/or connector, combined NO/ triggerings tube chamber can be with about 0.074 inch ID, and O2 tube chambers can be with about 0.137 inch of ID.

Spring pad

In an exemplary embodiment, casing asoscope bridge 2002 may include that can provide nasal septum the flexible of buffering to prop up Support bridge or " spring pad " 2517.Flexible support bridge 2517 can be for example, by increasing the contact surface between casing and nasal septum Product deviates nasal septum to increase patient comfort, and/or because conduit bridge can pass through design, it is possible to increase patient Comfort.

In an exemplary embodiment, flexible support bridge 2517 can be can be by the conduit support of nasal cannula at both ends On element (such as free floating element).Patient nose's (such as nasal septum) is allowed to be placed on center common in nasal cannula with it Bridge component 2518 (such as separate the nostril of nasal cannula；Duroplasts connects, sometimes connection bending, between the nostril of nasal cannula； Etc.) on, flexible support bridge 2517 can be the element (example for contacting comfort of the diaphragm of patient at least increase patient It is such as additional to center bridge 2518, at least some center bridges 2518 is crossed, is crossed from a nostril to another nostril).Showing In example property embodiment, when wearing casing, flexible support bridge 2517 can be to center bridge component 2518 " surrender " and/or " curved It is bent ".Flexible support bridge 2517 " surrender " and/or " bending " can calm down on nasal septum by patient motion or sleeve movement institute The transient force of cause." surrender " and/or " bending " can also increase the contact surface area with nasal septum, this can reduce in nose again Every the power of upper any point, to improve comfort (for example, because comfort may due to the point load on nasal septum increases by To adverse effect).

In an exemplary embodiment, flexible support bridge 2517 can limit the insertion depth in nostril, for example, institute as above It states, arrives about 0.1 inch to about 0.6 inch and/or about 0.40 inch of best and/or required insert the distance.For example, this A distance can be shorter than the nostril length extended from center bridge 2518.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula asoscope bridge may include (such as prolonging from center bridge 2518 between nostril Stretch) between trimmer 2519, ose bag pipe connections can be allowed to be suitably positioned on upper lip.Trimmer 2519 can lead to It crosses and nostril is directed inwardly toward nose cut outs and provides patient comfort addition thereto for example is oriented such that nostril, and/or It can make on the larger surface area that power is distributed on upper lip, to improve patient comfort.

With reference to figure 20 and Figure 27, in an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula may include the button being described in more below Component 2010.In an exemplary embodiment, press key component 2010 can be collar-studs and/or can be included by collar-studs one Part can be used for adjusting the length of the sleeve portion of asoscope bridge proximal end, for example, with by ensuring casing cooperation in wearer Head increases patient comfort.

In an exemplary embodiment, nasal cannula can also include ear pad, can for example be slided on casing pipe And/or structure, in casing pipe, it can be bubble that casing pipe wraps ear to improve comfort and/or ear pad in this point Foam pipe extrudate can have axial fine crack, so they can be slided on casing pipe.

Although this exemplary nasal cannula can be described as having certain components, these any and all components can be with It is optional, can removes, and/or can combines or further segment.In addition, nasal cannula can have herein other Any one of other components or material described in aspect.

Casing button

Purification and/or the cleaning procedure of air and other gases in it can be used for before NO is delivered removing nasal cannula Period can purify air/gas by making the gas containing NO flow through nasal cannula.However, in air due to NO and oxygen Reaction, therefore this cleaning procedure can generate NO2.It is therefore important that patient does not wear during purification and/or cleaning procedure Nasal cannula is worn, such as so that NO2 can not be applied to patient.

Figure 20 is referred back to, one or more embodiments of the invention can provide the member of the button in nasal cannula Part 2010.Key element can be associated near the nostril of nasal cannula, in such as cover nose bore 5 to 25 inches.With reference to such as figure Element 2010 shown in 20, it is seen that one or more exemplary implementation schemes of Key element.Key element can be provided as Key ring form can be located on the chest and/or neck of patient when patient wears casing.

With reference to figure 28, Key element 2010 can need to be inserted into the NO delivery apparatus with key slot or key hole 2804 In 2803 and/or this may need to carry out during cleaning procedure.Since key device and nostril are neighbouring, so when button member When part is inserted into NO delivery apparatus, the nostril of nasal cannula can not be in the nostril of patient nose.

In the exemplary implementation of the one or more of the NO delivery apparatus with key hole and the nasal cannula with Key element In, NO delivery apparatus can execute following functions：

A.NO delivery apparatus can prompt patient to remove decannulation and Key element contained on casing is inserted into NO deliverings In key hole in device.

B. key hole can detect the presence of button in key hole.Include for detecting illustrative methods existing for button But it is (such as miniature to be not limited to detection of electrons (such as beam detector, starting switch, IR detection, Magnetic testi etc.) or mechanical detection Switch).

C.NO delivery apparatus may insure that button is in before executing cleaning procedure in key hole and if button does not exist In key hole, then it may be programmed with not implementation strategy.

D.NO delivery apparatus can then execute cleaning procedure and notify user that the program is completed.

E.NO delivery apparatus can allow user to take out button NO therapies so as to since key hole.

In an exemplary embodiment, Key element and/or key slot can be used for ensuring patient in purification and/or clear Nasal cannula is not worn during washing procedure.In an exemplary embodiment, Key element and/or key slot can be used for ensuring at least The exhalation of the reliability of casing, at least casing.For example, Key element and/or key slot can be used for limiting boot use time It counts and/or does not allow patient to reuse casing.Again for example, to prevent from being necessary to ensure that patient does not use casing, can make Prevent user from using defective casing with Key element and/or key slot.

It should be understood that any of above teachings (such as spring pad, trimmer, to pipe, connector, oxygen connector, subtract Diameter device, press key component, button, collar-studs, casing construction, asoscope bridge construction etc.) can with it is described herein any other Pneumatic configuration, casing configuration and/or teachings and/or combination of embodiment.For example, teachings above content (such as bullet Spring pad, trimmer construct pipe, connector, oxygen connector, tube reducing device, press key component, button, collar-studs, casing, asoscope Bridge construction etc.) can with single-lumen casing described herein, double lumen casing, three tube chamber casings, four tube chamber casings and/ Or any other teachings and/or combination of embodiment.

Embodiment

With reference to figure 29 to Figure 30, Figure 29 shows the example of the reverse flow during sucking breathing and pulse deliver, and Figure 30 shows the example of the reverse flow during sucking and breathing out breathing.

With reference to figure 31 and Figure 32 A, Figure 32 B and Figure 32 C, the reverse flow of various nasal cannula configurations is tested.It is delivered to two The typical nasal cannula in nostril generates notable reverse flow, as shown in the test 1 of Figure 31.The nasal cannula configuration of test 1 is shown in figure In 32A.For test 2, block the interconnection between two nostrils so that the distance between nostril increases to about 19 inches, to disappear Except reverse flow.The nasal cannula configuration of test 2 is shown in Figure 32 B.As shown in the test 2 of Figure 31, although can reduce reverse The total volume of flowing, but do not eliminate it.As shown in fig. 32 c, further block the path (have between nostril 7 feet away from From) there is minimum further influence, as shown in the test 3 of Figure 31.Surprisingly it was found that completely eliminating reverse flow Unique test mode be when using individual circuit to each nostril carry out NO deliverings (that is, binary channels delivery system) when.

The U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/856,367 that on July 19th, 2013 submits is as entitled appended by annex 1 “Exploratory Evaluation of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation in Candidate Nitric The file of Oxide Delivery Lumena " has investigated the iNO delivery tubes of the three tube chamber casings made of a variety of materials Expected existing NO2 concentration in chamber.The annex 1 appended by U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/856,367 that on July 19th, 2013 submits It is to be incorporated herein by reference in its entirety；Reach its not degree inconsistent with the present invention.Experimental technique includes 2440ppm nitrogen oxides (remaining is nitrogen) gas flows through multiple pipes arranged in parallel (three kinds of material types) so that can make The proximal end (circuit based on no pipe) of effluent NO2 contents is obtained with CAPs NO2 workbench and distal end is read.Using parallel Pipe improve the signal-to-noise ratio (that is, amplification NO2 signal strengths) of data, and obtain the final number of individual pipe NO2 variations It learns and calculates.Setting nitrogen oxide flows through parallel tube body group with the residence time equal to 7.57 minutes/pipe (for example, being set based on administration It is set to the 50kg patient of 0.003mg/kg*h, utilizes 84 inches of length and the iNO delivery tubes of 0.076 inch of internal diameter).It is tested Three kinds of material types " often manage " expected NO2 rise it is as follows.

Therapy

The present invention herein can reduce reverse flow, it is ensured that correct dose delivers, and/or NO2 is formed and is minimized And it combines delivery apparatus to use and can be used for treating and/or prevent the secondary pulmonary hypertensions of COPD and/or the pulmonary hypertension in PAH forms And/or the secondary pulmonary hypertensions of IPF and/or the secondary pulmonary hypertension of sarcoidosis.

In order to securely and effectively use, disclosed casing can be with disclosed delivery apparatus etc. and/or nitrogen oxide It is used together.It will be understood by a person skilled in the art that using casing and disclosed delivering dress in addition to disclosed casing It sets etc. and/or nitrogen oxide may increase security risks and/or reduction and/or eliminate and effectively uses.Therefore, for PAH, IPF And/or COPD, casing of the invention may be necessary delivering nitrogen oxide.

Any nasal cannula described herein may be used to nitrogen oxide therapy to treat appropriate disease.For example, Casing can be used for pulsed NO therapies to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary hypertension (PAH).For these Disease, delivers dosage amounts appropriate and dosage time-histories appropriate may be extremely important.For COPD, NO may need inhaling Enter early stage, such as sucks front half section and carry out pulse.If NO is not delivered with right amount or in orthochronous for example, may Hypoxemia vessel retraction occurs to reverse, this may be such that the symptom of patient deteriorates.In addition, dosage amounts may be extremely important to PAH, Because therapy is interrupted suddenly may lead to the matters of aggravation such as rebound hypertension.Therefore, for these diseases, it should will The notable dilution of NO dosage is minimized.Any shell material, configuration or method described herein may be used to by The dilution of NO dosage is minimized during NO therapies.

In an exemplary embodiment, the tube chamber (such as tube body) of casing can backward convey for patient and/or can be with It is associated with each other to generate substantial discrete component center between casing asoscope bridge and device, this can provide cross section.It answers Understand, when describing multiple tube chamber (such as two tube chambers, three tube chambers, four tube chambers etc.), all tube chambers can be included in In single sleeve pipe.

In an exemplary embodiment, any technology disclosed herein can be used and/or used in this field The technology known manufactures the element of casing.For example, casing tube chamber (for example, tube body), asoscope bridge, press key component, connection Device, tube reducing device, any combination thereof and/or further classification and/or any casing component described herein can use It extruding technology, molding technique and/or is manufactured using any other manufacturing technology.

It should be understood that each tube chamber of nasal cannula and/or integrated nasal cannula tube chamber cross section can be any shapes, such as but Be not limited to round, parabola shaped, oval, square, rectangle, triangle and/or any other cross section and/or it is any its Its rule or irregular shape, to minimize dose dilution.For the sake of simplicity, sometimes by geometry and/or cross section It is described as round, parabola shaped and/or oval, and/or cross section is described as diameter, internal diameter etc..This is only to be For the sake of simplicity, and being in no way intended to restrictive.When one or more cross-sectional areas are not circles, then internal diameter ratio can be with It is the square root of the surface area ratio of two luminal parts.

It should be understood that any above pulsed that may be used to treat gas (such as NO) and/or non-pulse formula are passed It send.For example, mention treatment gas pulsatile delivery any embodiments above where applicable can with treatment gas The delivering of non-pulse formula be used together, and vice versa.For the sake of simplicity, pulsed or non-pulse formula may be mentioned.This is only It is for the sake of simplicity, and to be in no way intended to restrictive.

Through this specification, mention " embodiment ", " certain embodiments ", " one or more embodiments ", " exemplary implementation scheme ", " exemplary implementation scheme " and/or " embodiment " means specific spy associated with embodiment Sign, structure, material or characteristic are included at least one embodiment of the present invention.Therefore, run through this specification, in difference Place occur such as " in one or more embodiments ", " in certain embodiments ", " in one embodiment ", " exemplary implementation scheme ", " exemplary implementation scheme " and/or the same reality for being not necessarily referring to the present invention " in embodiments " Apply scheme.In addition, in one or more embodiments, specific feature, structure, material or characteristic can be suitble to any Mode combine.

It should be understood that described any step can be rearranged in the case where not departing from the scope of the invention, be divided From and/or combination.For the sake of simplicity, it is sequentially provided step sometimes.This is only for the sake of simplicity, and to be in no way intended to and have It is restricted.

Furthermore, it is to be understood that any element and/or embodiment of the described present invention can not depart from this hair It rearranged, detached and/or is combined in the case of bright range.For the sake of simplicity, various elements are individually described sometimes.This is only Only it is for the sake of simplicity, and to be in no way intended to restrictive.

Although describing disclosure herein by reference to specific embodiment, it should be appreciated that these embodiment party Case only illustrates principles and applications.Those skilled in the art are it should be apparent that can be without departing from the spirit The process and apparatus of the present invention are carry out various modifications and are changed in the case of range.So it is therefore intended that the present invention includes Modifications and variations in the range of the appended claims and its equivalent.

Claims

1. a kind of nasal cannula for delivering treatment gas to patient in need comprising：

First tube chamber, the second tube chamber and third tube chamber：

First tube chamber be for by first treatment gas delivery to need its patient first treat gas tube chamber,

Second tube chamber is triggering tube chamber, and

The third tube chamber is for the second treatment gas tube chamber to patient delivering the second treatment gas；With

Casing asoscope bridge, for (i) described first treatment gas tube chamber, (ii) described triggering tube chamber and (iii) described second At least one for the treatment of gas tube chamber allows the independent flow path for leading to the patient.

2. nasal cannula as described in claim 1, wherein the nasal cannula (i) reduces described first to being delivered to the patient Treat one or more dilutions in gas and the second treatment gas；Or (ii) is configured so as to be used for at least one One or more systems in the first treatment gas and the second treatment gas, which are delivered, to the patient is in fluid Connection；Or both.

3. nasal cannula as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein inhibiting nitrogen oxide and oxygen mix below the nasal cannula；With subtract Few nitrogen dioxide is delivered to one in the patient.

4. nasal cannula as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein the nasal cannula treats gas and institute by described first That states in the second treatment gas one or more is delivered to the patient to treat pulmonary hypertension.

5. nasal cannula according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nasal cannula treats gas and institute by described first State in the second treatment gas one or more to be delivered to the patient secondary to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, the secondary pulmonary hypertension of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis in pulmonary hypertension (PAH) form At least one of secondary pulmonary hypertension.

6. the nasal cannula as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein the first treatment gas is nitrogen oxide, and it is described Second treatment gas is oxygen, and the first treatment gas tube chamber for wherein being used to deliver nitrogen oxide is less than for delivering oxygen The second treatment gas tube chamber of gas and the triggering tube chamber.

7. such as nasal cannula according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first treatment gas is nitrogen oxide and is used to pass It is about six feet to about eight feet to send the length of the first treatment gas tube chamber of nitrogen oxide, and internal diameter is about 0.01 inch to about 0.10 inch.

8. the nasal cannula as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, wherein the first treatment gas is nitrogen oxide and the set Osing Jing Qiao includes nitrogen oxide flow path, and the internal diameter of the nitrogen oxide flow path is less than described first and treats gas tube chamber Internal diameter.

9. such as nasal cannula described in any item of the claim 1 to 8, wherein the first treatment gas is nitrogen oxide and the set Osing Jing Qiao includes nitrogen oxide flow path, and the volume of the nitrogen oxide flow path is less than the most scun of the nitrogen oxide pulse Rush about the 10% of volume.

10. nasal cannula as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, wherein described sleeve pipe include have betweenWithBetween low oxygen transmission rate wall material.