CN108305083B - Commodity tracing method and system based on block chain - Google Patents
Commodity tracing method and system based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN108305083B CN108305083B CN201810141428.6A CN201810141428A CN108305083B CN 108305083 B CN108305083 B CN 108305083B CN 201810141428 A CN201810141428 A CN 201810141428A CN 108305083 B CN108305083 B CN 108305083B
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
- G06Q30/0185—Product, service or business identity fraud
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
- G06K17/0022—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device
- G06K17/0029—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations arrangements or provisious for transferring data to distant stations, e.g. from a sensing device the arrangement being specially adapted for wireless interrogation of grouped or bundled articles tagged with wireless record carriers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a commodity tracing method and a system based on a block chain, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service network for recording the detailed circulation process of the commodity tracing code as block data; the production enterprise, the dealers at all levels and the retailers serve as different types of user nodes, are connected to the service platform, acquire and store the tracing code data related to the production enterprise, and perform related business operations; each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, when the commodity circulates among all dealers, the tracing code data also circulates among user nodes of all dealers, the circulation process of the commodity tracing code is traced, and the tracing of the commodity circulation process is completed. The system is used to implement the method. The invention has the advantages of simple principle, simple and convenient operation, capability of fundamentally solving the problem of commodity traceability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of commodity tracing, in particular to a commodity tracing method and system based on a block chain.
Background
The commodity tracing is started from the food industry, is an information system for recording the detailed circulation process of commodities, can be recalled and disposed in time when the commodities have quality or safety problems, and has great significance for maintaining the benefits of consumers and social stability. China has clear commodity traceability requirements in the fields of medicines, foods, agricultural products and the like.
The existing commodity tracing system adopts a centralized system architecture, namely a unique central node of the whole system is established, and each step of circulation of each commodity requires related intermediate links (distributors and retailers at all levels) to submit detailed transaction information of the commodity to the central node.
The above existing conventional approaches have some disadvantages:
1. the system has high cost and complex operation.
The existing commodity tracing technical scheme adopts a centralized architecture, and in order to achieve the tracing target, the scheme requires that all intermediate distributors and retailers are required to be connected to a central node and provide detailed information of commodity circulation for the central node. In order to ensure the security of the system, strict registration management and identity authentication must be performed on all users connected to the central node, which inevitably requires the use of various special encryption/identity authentication devices, resulting in increased user cost (requiring the provision of related devices and software), and complicated use operations (requiring registration before use, starting up a special device during use, inputting a password, etc.). The direct consequence of this shortcoming is that in the existing commodity traceability system, a large number of intermediate distributors and retailers are unwilling to join in, so that the commodity circulation information is extremely incomplete, and the commodity traceability system is difficult to exert the due effect.
2. The reliability of data cannot be ensured.
In the existing commodity tracing technical scheme, all commodity circulation data are submitted to a central node managed by a system operator, the central node performs centralized and unified management on all data, and a user cannot participate in data management, so that the data cannot be prevented from being maliciously tampered by the system operator. Once a problem occurs, the responsibility of the system operator is difficult to clear reliably, and the responsibility of other related parties is difficult to define reliably, so that disputes are easy to cause.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the commodity tracing method and system based on the block chain, which have the advantages of simple principle and simple and convenient operation and can fundamentally solve the commodity tracing problem. The invention can effectively realize the tracing of the whole commodity circulation process with extremely low cost and a small amount of increased commodity circulation operation complexity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a commodity tracing method based on a block chain comprises the following steps: a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service network for recording the detailed circulation process of the commodity tracing code as block data; the production enterprise, the dealers at all levels and the retailers serve as different types of user nodes, are connected to the service platform, acquire and store the tracing code data related to the production enterprise, and perform related business operations; each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, when the commodity circulates among all dealers, the tracing code data also circulates among user nodes of all dealers, the circulation process of the commodity tracing code is traced, and the tracing of the commodity circulation process is completed.
As a further improvement of the invention: and the circulation process of the commodity tracing code corresponds to the commodity circulation process one by one and is completely synchronous.
As a further improvement of the invention: the production enterprises, dealers and retailers of the commodities all operate a digital node, apply for obtaining a pair of public key and private key pairs from a traceability service provider, and the digital node is used for signing and verifying the traceability code transaction process; the tracing service provider operates a plurality of digital nodes distributed at different places, and the digital nodes are mutually communicated through the Internet to establish a channel for transmitting commodity tracing code transaction information.
As a further improvement of the invention: the production process of the commodity tracing code is as follows:
while a commodity production enterprise produces a batch of commodities, according to the coding rule of the commodity tracing codes, the commodity tracing codes with the same quantity are generated, so that each commodity has a unique commodity tracing code corresponding to the commodity tracing code; and the production enterprise submits the generated commodity tracing code and other related information to a tracing platform as a transaction, and the tracing platform records the transaction to the block chain.
As a further improvement of the invention: the circulation process of the commodity tracing code is as follows:
when a production enterprise sends a batch of commodities to a dealer, a transaction application is submitted to a traceability platform, and the content comprises commodity traceability codes corresponding to the batch of commodities, the delivery time of the manufacturer and relevant delivery direction information; after receiving the goods sent by the production enterprise or the upstream distributor and checking the goods without errors, the distributor submits a transaction application to the traceability platform, wherein the content of the transaction application comprises a goods traceability code, receiving time and receiving source information.
As a further improvement of the invention: the verification process of the transaction application comprises the following steps: the traceability platform is responsible for verifying transaction applications submitted by production enterprises and dealers so as to reject illegal transaction applications.
As a further improvement of the invention: the method for verifying comprises the following steps: verifying that the source of the commodity tracing code is credible by using a public key of a transaction applicant; the contents of the commodity tracing codes related to the transaction are verified, and the input and output of the transaction are ensured to be consistent.
As a further improvement of the invention: the recording process of the transaction comprises the following steps: a set of consensus mechanism is operated among a plurality of nodes of the tracing platform, and synchronization and voting are carried out periodically to determine which node records legal transactions in the period of time to the block chain.
As a further improvement of the invention: the tracing process of the commodity source comprises the following steps: all legal transaction information generated in the commodity circulation process is completely recorded on the block chain, and the traceability platform provides various forms of commodity traceability information query services including general webpage query, special client query or mobile phone App query to various users through one query node.
The invention further provides a commodity traceability system based on the block chain, which comprises the following components:
the system comprises a service platform, a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service platform serving as a service network and used for recording the detailed process of commodity tracing code circulation as block data;
the user nodes, namely the production enterprises, distributors at all levels and retailers at different categories are connected to the service platform to acquire and store the tracing code data related to the user nodes and perform related business operations;
each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, and when the commodity is circulated among all distributors, the data of the commodity tracing code is also circulated among the user nodes of all distributors; the commodity tracing code is traced in the circulation process, and the tracing of the commodity circulation process is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the commodity tracing method and system based on the block chain are low in cost and simple to use. One of the biggest characteristics is that the point-to-point credible interaction can be efficiently realized under the condition of not adopting a central agent, and by utilizing the characteristic of a block chain technology, the commodity tracing method provided by the invention does not need a user to register and newly add any encryption/identity authentication equipment, and any user can be flexibly added and conveniently used, so that the zero-cost addition and zero-learning use of the user are realized.
2. The commodity tracing method and system based on the block chain are completely reliable in data. Blockchain technology enables all parties involved in data management and ensures that once a record is added to the blockchain, anyone cannot tamper with it. By utilizing the characteristic of the block chain technology, the commodity traceability method provided by the invention can support production and sales enterprises to participate in the management of the traceability data, and ensure that the traceability data cannot be falsified, thereby fundamentally avoiding the possibility of disputes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention in a specific application example.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The block chain technology is a revolutionary technical innovation in the technical field of internet and information, is a decentralized distributed account book database in essence, can be used for storing a large amount of transaction information, and has the characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, incapability of tampering and convenience in tracing. The block chain technology was first realized and successfully applied in the first completely decentralized electronic cash system, the bitcoin project, and its main features and advantages are:
1. and (4) decentralizing. The decentralization is the subversive characteristic of the block chain technology, and the point-to-point direct credible interaction is realized under the condition of not using a centralized agent, so that the credible information interaction with high efficiency, large scale and no centralized agent becomes reality.
2. The record is not tamperable. Another significant feature of blockchain technology is that once a record is added to the blockchain, it will be permanent and cannot be tampered with by anyone. This feature of the blockchain ensures reliability and traceability of its records.
It can be seen that the above-mentioned features of the block chain technology can overcome the deficiencies of the existing solutions and effectively meet the core requirements of the commodity traceability system, which is the basic starting point of the present invention.
Although attempts have been made to extend blockchain technology to areas other than finance, to date, no mature application beyond the financial area has emerged. Therefore, at present, there is no technical scheme for tracing the source of the commodity by using the block chain technology, and the invention provides the scheme for the first time.
The basic principle of the commodity tracing method based on the block chain is that a digital world parallel to the real world is constructed by adopting the block chain technology, and when commodities are circulated among all dealers in the real world, corresponding commodity tracing codes are also completely and synchronously circulated among all digital nodes in the digital world. Due to the fact that the block chain technology can ensure that the commodity tracing code circulation process in the digital world cannot be tampered and can be completely traced, the reliable tracing of the commodity circulation process is achieved through tracing the commodity tracing code circulation process.
As shown in fig. 1, the commodity tracing method based on the block chain of the present invention includes: a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service network (called as a service platform or a traceability platform) for recording the detailed process of commodity traceability code circulation as block data; the production enterprises, distributors at all levels and retailers serve as user nodes of different categories, are connected to the service platform when necessary, acquire and store the tracing code data related to the production enterprises, distributors at all levels and retailers, and perform related business operations; each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, when the commodity circulates among all distributors, the tracing code data also circulates among user nodes of all distributors, and the two circulation processes are in one-to-one correspondence and are completely synchronous; the commodity tracing code is traced in the circulation process, and the tracing of the commodity circulation process is realized. Therefore, in the method, the block chain traceability platform can ensure the reliability and credibility of the circulation process of the commodity traceability codes, so that the reliability and credibility of the circulation process of the commodities are ensured.
When the method is applied specifically, a commodity production enterprise, a distributor and a retailer all operate a digital node, and apply for obtaining a pair of public key and private key pairs from a tracing service provider, so that the digital node signs and verifies the tracing code transaction process; the tracing service provider operates a plurality of digital nodes distributed at different places, and the digital nodes are mutually communicated through the Internet to establish a channel (namely a tracing platform) for transmitting commodity tracing code transaction information.
In specific application, in the method of the present invention, the generation process of the commodity tracing code is as follows: when a commodity production enterprise produces a batch of commodities, the commodity tracing codes with the same quantity are generated according to the coding rule of the commodity tracing codes, so that each commodity has a unique commodity tracing code corresponding to the commodity tracing code. And the production enterprise submits the generated commodity tracing code and other related information to a tracing platform as a transaction, and the tracing platform records the transaction to the block chain. It can be understood that the generation of the commodity tracing code can also be served by a third-party tracing service provider, so as to facilitate the realization of the uniform tracing of commodities in the same industry.
In specific application, in the method of the invention, the circulation process of the commodity tracing code is as follows: when a production enterprise sends a batch of commodities to a dealer, a transaction application is submitted to a traceability platform, and the content comprises commodity traceability codes corresponding to the batch of commodities, and also comprises relevant information such as delivery time of the manufacturer, delivery destination and the like; after receiving the goods sent by the production enterprise or the upstream distributor and checking the goods without errors, the distributor submits a transaction application to the traceability platform, wherein the content of the transaction application comprises information such as a goods traceability code, receiving time, a receiving source and the like.
In specific application, in the method of the present invention, the verification process of the transaction application is as follows: the traceability platform is responsible for verifying transaction applications submitted by production enterprises and dealers so as to reject illegal transaction applications. In this embodiment, the method of verification includes: verifying that the source of the commodity tracing code is credible by using a public key of a transaction applicant; the contents of the commodity tracing codes related to the transaction are verified, and the input and output of the transaction are ensured to be consistent.
In specific application, in the method of the present invention, the recording process of the transaction is as follows: a set of consensus mechanism is operated among a plurality of nodes of the tracing platform, and synchronization and voting are carried out periodically to determine which node records legal transactions in the period of time to the block chain. In this embodiment, the consensus mechanism can be implemented by simple voting or a dedicated protocol, and should be selected according to the characteristics and requirements of different applications, but it is necessary to ensure that an available node can be selected within a given time.
In specific application, in the method of the invention, the tracing process of the commodity source is as follows: all legal transaction information generated in the commodity circulation process is completely recorded on the block chain, so that the traceability platform can provide various commodity traceability information query services including general webpage query, special client query, mobile phone App query and the like to various users (supervision departments, consumers, production enterprises and the like) through one query node, and can also set different query authorities according to different user types so as to protect relevant sensitive information.
The invention further provides a commodity traceability system based on the block chain, which comprises:
the system comprises a service platform, a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service platform serving as a service network and used for recording the detailed process of commodity tracing code circulation as block data;
the user nodes, namely the production enterprises, distributors at all levels and retailers at different categories are connected to the service platform to acquire and store the tracing code data related to the user nodes and perform related business operations;
each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, when the commodity is transferred among all distributors, the data of the commodity tracing code is transferred among the user nodes of all the distributors, and the two transfer processes are in one-to-one correspondence and are completely synchronous; the commodity tracing code is traced in the circulation process, and the tracing of the commodity circulation process is realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A commodity tracing method based on a block chain is characterized in that a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service network for recording the detailed circulation process of commodity tracing codes as block data; the production enterprise, the dealers at all levels and the retailers serve as different types of user nodes, are connected to the service platform, acquire and store the tracing code data related to the production enterprise, and perform related business operations; each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, when the commodity circulates among all dealers, the tracing code data also circulates among user nodes of all dealers, the circulation process of the commodity tracing code is traced, and the tracing of the commodity circulation process is completed; the generated commodity tracing code and other related information are used as a transaction and submitted to a tracing platform, and the tracing platform is responsible for verifying the transaction application submitted by a production enterprise and a distributor so as to reject illegal transaction application; the method for verifying comprises the following steps: verifying that the source of the commodity tracing code is credible by using a public key of a transaction applicant; verifying the contents of the commodity tracing codes related to the transaction to ensure that the input and the output of the transaction are consistent; a set of consensus mechanism is operated among a plurality of nodes of the tracing platform, and synchronization and voting are carried out periodically to determine which node records legal transactions in the period of time to the block chain.
2. The commodity source tracing method based on the block chain as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circulation process of the commodity tracing code corresponds to the commodity circulation process one by one and is completely synchronous.
3. The commodity tracing method based on the blockchain according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a manufacturer, a distributor and a retailer of the commodity operate a digital node, and apply for obtaining a pair of public key and private key pair from a tracing service provider, so that the digital node signs and verifies the tracing code transaction process; the tracing service provider operates a plurality of digital nodes distributed at different places, and the digital nodes are mutually communicated through the Internet to establish a channel for transmitting commodity tracing code transaction information.
4. The commodity tracing method based on the block chain as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the commodity tracing code is generated by:
while a commodity production enterprise produces a batch of commodities, according to the coding rule of the commodity tracing codes, the commodity tracing codes with the same quantity are generated, so that each commodity has a unique commodity tracing code corresponding to the commodity tracing code; and the production enterprise submits the generated commodity tracing code and other related information to a tracing platform as a transaction, and the tracing platform records the transaction to the block chain.
5. The commodity tracing method based on the block chain as claimed in claim 4, wherein the circulation process of the commodity tracing code is as follows:
when a production enterprise sends a batch of commodities to a dealer, a transaction application is submitted to a traceability platform, and the content comprises commodity traceability codes corresponding to the batch of commodities, the delivery time of the manufacturer and relevant delivery direction information; after receiving the goods sent by the production enterprise or the upstream distributor and checking the goods without errors, the distributor submits a transaction application to the traceability platform, wherein the content of the transaction application comprises a goods traceability code, receiving time and receiving source information.
6. The commodity source tracing method based on the blockchain according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the commodity source tracing process is as follows: all legal transaction information generated in the commodity circulation process is completely recorded on the block chain, and the traceability platform provides various forms of commodity traceability information query services including general webpage query, special client query or mobile phone App query to various users through one query node.
7. A commodity traceability system based on a block chain is characterized by comprising:
the system comprises a service platform, a plurality of peer-to-peer service nodes form a decentralized service platform serving as a service network and used for recording the detailed process of commodity tracing code circulation as block data;
the user nodes, namely the production enterprises, distributors at all levels and retailers at different categories are connected to the service platform to acquire and store the tracing code data related to the user nodes and perform related business operations;
each commodity is endowed with a unique commodity tracing code, and when the commodity is circulated among all distributors, the data of the commodity tracing code is also circulated among the user nodes of all distributors; the commodity tracing code is traced in the circulation process, so that the tracing of the commodity circulation process is realized;
the generated commodity tracing code and other related information are used as a transaction and submitted to a tracing platform, and the tracing platform is responsible for verifying the transaction application submitted by a production enterprise and a distributor so as to reject illegal transaction application; the method for verifying comprises the following steps: verifying that the source of the commodity tracing code is credible by using a public key of a transaction applicant; verifying the contents of the commodity tracing codes related to the transaction to ensure that the input and the output of the transaction are consistent; a set of consensus mechanism is operated among a plurality of nodes of the tracing platform, and synchronization and voting are carried out periodically to determine which node records legal transactions in the period of time to the block chain.
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