CN107124403A - The generation method and computing device of common recognition block in block chain - Google Patents

The generation method and computing device of common recognition block in block chain Download PDF

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CN107124403A
CN107124403A CN201710245865.8A CN201710245865A CN107124403A CN 107124403 A CN107124403 A CN 107124403A CN 201710245865 A CN201710245865 A CN 201710245865A CN 107124403 A CN107124403 A CN 107124403A
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node
audit
candidate
block
nodes
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朱清明
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/16—Threshold monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/1441—Countermeasures against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/145—Countermeasures against malicious traffic the attack involving the propagation of malware through the network, e.g. viruses, trojans or worms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/1441—Countermeasures against malicious traffic
    • H04L63/1458—Denial of Service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of generation method of block chain common recognition block and computing device.This method includes：Node in point to point network is voluntarily registered as both candidate nodes；Selected Node subsets are selected from the both candidate nodes of net, and the node of the subset is divided into accounting nodes and audit node at random；Transaction in trading pit is packaged as candidate subchunk by accounting nodes, to audit node broadcasts；Audit node is verified according to default audit regulation to all candidate subchunks received, is picked out unique candidate subchunk addition audit stamp and is broadcast to other audit nodes again；After the audit stamp quantity of candidate subchunk exceedes the threshold value of setting, the candidate subchunk turns into the selected block being included, so as to complete process of once knowing together.The solution of the present invention, with the improvement of network performance, without code and artificial parameter variations, the automatic convergence rate for improving block of knowing together, and to greatly improving the difficulty of DDOS and Eclipse attacks.

Description

The generation method and computing device of common recognition block in block chain
Technical field
The present invention relates to block chain technology, block of being known together more particularly in the common recognition implementation method block chain of block chain Generation method and computing device.
Background technology
Start within 2014, block chain (Blockchain) technology of bit coin behind is paid close attention to by everybody, and is formally triggered The innovation tide of distributed this (Distributed Ledger) technology of book keeping operation.The original of generally acknowledged block chain is middle What acute hearing was write《Bit coin：A kind of point-to-point electronic cash system》, the content of paper is mainly the realization of description bit coin Technology.In this paper wherein, block chain is described for recording the account history of bit coin transaction.It now appear that, area The basic conception of block chain includes：
Merchandise (Transaction)：Once-through operation, causes the once change of account book state, such as one record of addition；
Block (Block)：Record a period of time in occur transaction and state outcome, be to current account book state once Common recognition；
Chain (Chain)：It is in series by block one by one according to order of occurrence, is the log recording of whole state change. If using block chain as a state machine, merchandising just be attempt to one next state of change every time, and the area for generation of knowing together every time Block, is exactly that participant causes the result of state change to confirm for All Activity content in block.
As any distributed system, block catenary system can face network delay, error of transmission, software error, safety The problems such as leak, hacker attacks, and decentralization determines that the participant of any one in system can not be trusted completely, can Malicious node can occurs, and the problems such as data difference.
In order to take precautions against these potential mistakes, block catenary system needs an efficient common recognition mechanism to ensure that each is saved Point can access the account book generally acknowledged by the most of nodes of the whole network.This account book can be stored in the local account book of node, Can send the account book that can be accessed after request in net node to other.If although the node of each in distributed system can Ensure with very powerful performance (zero-lag response, unlimited handling capacity) trouble-free operation, then to realize that common recognition process is not multiple It is miscellaneous, voted simply by multicast process.However, so the system of " perfection " and being not present in reality, such as respond request is past Toward there is time delay, network and can occur to interrupt, node can break down, even there is malicious node and deliberately to destroy system.Typically Ground, calls the situation of failure (being not responding to) " non-Byzantine fault ", and the situation of malice response is referred to as " Byzantine fault " (correspondence Node is Byzantium's node).
In theory, the common recognition problem of distributed system is no ideal solution.Existing block chain common recognition mechanism is mainly wrapped Include：POS (proof of stake, rights and interests prove mechanism), POW (proof of work, proof of work), DPOS (Delegate Proof of Stake, share authorisation verification) and PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance, practical Byzantine failure tolerance).From probability angle, PBFT serial algorithms are to determine, can not once reaching common understanding Reverse；And POW serial algorithms are then uncertain, elapse over time, reversed probability is less and less.
POW guesses a numerical value (nonce) by calculating repeatedly so that based on last block of block chain, plus Result after upper new transaction data hash (hash, or be Hash) meets default condition.Ensure within a period of time, be Can only occur a small number of legal motions in system.These a small amount of legal motions can be broadcasted in a network, and the user received is carried out After checking can based on it considers that most long-chain on continue with the new block of this method construct.Therefore, it is constantly present in system point Pitch (Fork) short chain.All nodes for participating in extension block chain only can select the chain most grown as meter based on guarding one's interest The input of calculation, therefore only have a chain and turn into putative most long chain.
POS is that the acquisition difficulty of node book keeping operation power is inversely proportional with the rights and interests that node is held, relative to POW, to a certain extent Alleviate and calculate the resource consumption that power contest is caused.The block for so generating multiple bifurcateds is easy, is thus significantly reduced point Pitch the cost of attack.Attacker can manufacture the side chain for meeting oneself interests, and then allow penalty mechanism to lose on the side chain of mistake Effect, and competed with original side chain formation.
DPOS votes similar to the board of directors, and each shareholder can authorize its franchise one representative.Obtain poll most Preceding 100 representatives produce block in turn by given time table.Every represents and is assigned to a period and carrys out production district block, acts on behalf of him Verified and kept accounts.Its legitimate verification performance, resource consumption and fault-tolerance are similar to POS.Participated in because significantly reducing Checking and the quantity of accounting nodes, the time for checking of knowing together are just shorter.DPOS can not handle DDOS (Distributed Denial Of Service, distributed denial of service) and Eclipse attack (routing table poisons) safety issues.
PBFT algorithms and its various improvement assume attacker's quantity under the conditions of fault-tolerant, default most of nodes by according to Rely an election process to reach node common recognition, then generate block according to agreement by the node elected.This election process can quilt DDOS is disturbed, while election results constitute Single Point of Faliure, is formed in Eclipse Prerequisites, can be caused to elect repeatedly, so that Make network common recognition hydraulic performance decline.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to remove the election process of node, a kind of common recognition of efficient Byzantine failure tolerance is provided The generation method of block.
The present invention one is further objective is that DDOS and Eclipse Prerequisite will be removed effectively.
Another further purpose of the invention not allow empty block occur in block chain, so as to improve the storage of the whole network Efficiency.Especially, the invention provides a kind of generation method for block of being known together in block chain, it includes：In point to point network Node is voluntarily registered as both candidate nodes, and broadcast registration turns into the message of both candidate nodes in point to point network；From in net A subset is selected in both candidate nodes as selected Node subsets, and by selected Node subsets be randomly divided into accounting nodes subset and Audit Node subsets, accounting nodes subset interior joint is as accounting nodes, and the node in Node subsets of auditing is used as audit node； Each accounting nodes are respectively by the transaction record in trading pit into newly-built block, and after the audit condition of setting is met, The block of self record is packaged as candidate subchunk respectively, to audit Node subsets broadcast；Each audit node is respectively according to pre- If audit regulation all candidate subchunks received are verified, unique candidate subchunk is picked out, to the candidate picked out Sub-block is broadcasted after adding itself audit stamp in audit Node subsets；Each audit node is receiving other audit node broadcasts Select after result, the candidate subchunk that itself is selected is compared with other candidate subchunks for selecting of audit nodes, it is determined that its He audit candidate subchunk that node selects it is more excellent in the case of, the audit stamp of itself is added to more excellent candidate subchunk again, and The candidate subchunk itself selected is abandoned, and is broadcasted again in audit Node subsets；Audit node in office determines a certain time Select the audit stamp quantity of sub-block to exceed after the audit threshold of setting, assert that audit stamp quantity exceedes the time of the audit threshold of setting Sub-block is selected to turn into the selected block being included, so as to complete process of once knowing together.
Alternatively, the step of a subset is as selected Node subsets are selected from the both candidate nodes of net to be included：In net Both candidate nodes be ranked up by performance, will before this last time obtain selected block as screening input parameter from performance ranking A subset is voted in as selected Node subsets at random in forward both candidate nodes.
Alternatively, selected condition of the both candidate nodes as selected Node subsets includes following any one or more：Node Account balance, node in net historical record, network performance.
Alternatively, the both candidate nodes as selected Node subsets also require do not have during the common recognition of setting number of times recently It is used as accounting nodes.
Alternatively, the audit condition of setting includes：The residual capacity of newly-built block is not enough to fill a new transaction Record；The size of newly-built block meets the predefined size of block catenary system, and including the last time reach common understanding it is selected The hashed value of block.Newly-built block includes the hashed value of father's block；Transaction in newly-built block includes the number of transaction initiator Word is signed.
Alternatively, each audit node is verified according to default audit regulation to all candidate subchunks received respectively The step of include：Each audit node carries out hash operations respectively to the candidate subchunk received respectively, obtains dissipating for candidate subchunk Train value；Hashed value to all candidate subchunks received is ranked up, by the candidate subchunk or hashed value of hashed value maximum most Small candidate subchunk is as the candidate subchunk picked out, and the candidate subchunk that each audit node selects itself is examined with other The step of candidate subchunk that meter node is selected is compared includes：The hashed value for the candidate subchunk that itself is selected is audited with other The hashed value for the candidate subchunk that node is selected is compared, it is determined that the hashed value of candidate subchunk selected of other audit nodes more In the case of big or smaller, determine that the candidate subchunk that other audit nodes are selected is more excellent.
Alternatively, also include after the constituency block that comes in and goes out is assert：The selected block of broadcast, this previous selected block is made Block chain is write for father's block.
Alternatively, also include after completing once to know together：Increase a number of selected at random again from both candidate nodes Node, and from selected Node subsets reject same number selected node.
Alternatively, audit stamp includes the digital signature of audit node and charges to the audit fee of the audit node；Each book keeping operation The candidate subchunk of joint structure is attached with the digital signature of the accounting nodes and charges to the book keeping operation expense of the accounting nodes；Transaction record Include transaction content and the digital signature of transaction initiator；Audit threshold is according to audit node total number and the Byzantium allowed The quantity of node is set by the promoter of system.
Especially, according to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of computing device is additionally provided.The computing device includes storage Be stored with computer program on device, storage device, completes computing device when wherein computer program is performed any of the above-described Plant the generation method for block of being known together in block chain.
Further, in the block chain that provides of the present invention in the generation method of common recognition block, any node can voluntary sound Bright is both candidate nodes, and is broadcast in network other nodes.It is claimed as after both candidate nodes, the selected condition of the node can be wrapped Include account balance.It is claimed as after both candidate nodes, the selected condition of the node can also be including the node account in net history number According to.
Alternatively, the step of selecting selected Node subsets also includes：The network performance of both candidate nodes in net is arranged After team, the both candidate nodes subset of the forward excellent performance of sequence is obtained, with the hash of the newest selected block once reached common understanding It is worth (hash) as the input of fitness function, the both candidate nodes in the both candidate nodes subset obtained to sequence are voted at random, Obtain selected Node subsets.
Alternatively, being selected in node needs to meet the book keeping operation work for the common recognition process for being not engaged in the last or continuous several times Make.And while increase new selected accounting nodes, to reject the selected of same number at random from both candidate nodes subset Node.
The generation method of common recognition block selects accounting nodes and audit node due to automatic in the block chain of the present invention, by small The accounting nodes and audit node of colony are responsible for producing block, and the convergent time complexity of common recognition process is constant, is greatly improved Efficiency so that the performance of block catenary system is obviously improved, it is to avoid POW calculates the resource consumption that power contest is caused.In addition, logical Crossing the multiple accounting nodes selected automatically, collective goes out block simultaneously, and finally achieving the selected sub-block of common recognition can not predict in advance, lose DDOS and Eclipse Prerequisite.
Further, in block chain of the invention know together block generation method, according to capacity generate candidate subchunk, new The residual capacity for the block built is not enough to be packed during one new transaction record of filling, is not rely on the time, it is to avoid occur Empty block or the less block of data volume, it is to avoid as occurred the phenomenon of a large amount of empty blocks in bit coin, improve system storage efficiency, The time that block is reached common understanding can automatically derive adjustment without code intervention with network condition.Determine compared to bit coin with other The justice common recognition mechanism at block production time interval, it is necessary to check the generation time regulation algorithm difficulty of history block, the present invention The generation method of common recognition block does not deposit corresponding computation burden naturally also without this limitation in the block chain of offer.
Further, in block chain of the invention know together block generation method, participate in block production accounting nodes and Audit node automatic alternate, greatly improves Sybil attack (Sybil Attack) enforcement difficulty.Accounting nodes independent can not be obtained To legal block, because simply by the presence of non-Byzantium's node, the block that Byzantium's node is produced can not also pass through point of auditing Most hit mechanism.
According to the accompanying drawings to the detailed description of the specific embodiment of the invention, those skilled in the art will be brighter Above-mentioned and other purposes, the advantages and features of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Some specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail by way of example, and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter. Identical reference denotes same or similar part or part in accompanying drawing.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these What accompanying drawing was not necessarily drawn to scale.In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the applicable framework signal of generation method of common recognition block in block chain according to an embodiment of the invention Figure；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the generation method of common recognition block in block chain according to an embodiment of the invention；And
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of computing device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the applicable framework signal of generation method of common recognition block in block chain according to an embodiment of the invention Figure.In the block catenary system, node is connected by point to point network, and all message are all sent by the forms of broadcasting.Node Behavior can be arbitrary, can at any time add, exit network, can abandon message, forge message, be stopped, and It is not prohibited by occurring knowing together in various artificial or non-artificial failure, block chain of the whole block catenary system by running the present embodiment The generation method of block ensures security and availability there is provided certain fault-tolerant ability.Each node of block catenary system is not Dependent on certain certain architectures, and link is randomly formed, is organized into certain specific topological structure, Fig. 1 is exactly such net Network structure, the resource that any node can be searched for efficiently in network.Node in block catenary system is needed with good number According to transmission and data computing capability, for example, various servers or other computer equipments etc..Any network memberses of being not belonging to Computer can also add block catenary system, it is only necessary to can be with any one in the normal transceiving data of net node, it is possible to visit Ask block chain account book.Therefore the number of nodes of system is not limited.The node of addition system, can both store complete account book Account book can not also be stored.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the generation method of common recognition block in block chain according to an embodiment of the invention.The block The generation method of common recognition block can include step S202 to step S210 in general manner in chain.
Node in step S202, point to point network is voluntarily registered as both candidate nodes, and is broadcasted in point to point network It is registered as the message of both candidate nodes.There is the machine as selected node as the candidate of selected book keeping operation and audit in both candidate nodes Meeting.All nodes in point to point network can be registered voluntarily, and broadcast registration turns into candidate in whole point to point network The message of node.At least part node in network can set up candidate according to the message for being registered as both candidate nodes of uppick The global table of node, selected node can be selected from the common subset in all global tables.
Step S204, selects a subset as selected Node subsets from the both candidate nodes of net, and by selected node Subset is randomly divided into accounting nodes subset and Node subsets of auditing, and the node in accounting nodes subset is used as accounting nodes, audit Node in Node subsets is used as audit node.
The selected condition that both candidate nodes turn into selected Node subsets includes following any one or more：More than the account of node Volume, node in net historical record, network performance.For example can according to node account balance, node in net historical record, net Network performance etc. is ranked up respectively, or by node account balance, node the parameters such as net historical record, network performance carry out Consider, it is random from the forward subset that sorts to vote in selected reception subset.For example performance is pressed in the both candidate nodes of net It is ranked up, is obtained the last before this being selected in block as screening input parameter from the forward both candidate nodes of performance ranking A subset is voted in as selected Node subsets at random.
For example when considering network performance, the both candidate nodes in net can be ranked up by network performance, will before this most Selected block is closely once obtained to vote at random from the forward both candidate nodes of network performance sequence as screening input parameter A subset is used as selected Node subsets.Above-mentioned network performance can be judged according to both candidate nodes in net probability.Screening Input parameter can be the hashed value of the newest selected block once reached common understanding, so as to regard the hashed value as fitness function Input and the both candidate nodes in the obtained both candidate nodes subset of sequence voted at random, obtain being selected in Node subsets, turn into The both candidate nodes of Node subsets are selected also to require during the common recognition of setting number of times recently not as accounting nodes.
Above-mentioned random election process can rank to the network performance of the both candidate nodes in net, with newest block Hash values are selected from the outstanding both candidate nodes of network performance.
It (can be that transaction initiator is actively mass-sended to known book keeping operation that the function of accounting nodes, which can include listening to transaction message, The transaction of node), confirmed after receiving transaction, so as to safeguard trading pit.The synchronous piece inner region tile height of node of auditing, reception is treated Careful candidate subchunk, carries out audit computing, determines the candidate subchunk uniquely reached common understanding.Once common recognition process needs multiple notes Account node and multiple audit nodes are completed simultaneously, and specific quantity can be determined according to scale of block catenary system etc..One As audit node quantity can be odd number, in the case that sum is designated as n, fault-tolerant ability can be expressed as f=(n-1)/3, phase Ground n=3f+1, f is answered to identify the maximum quantity for the error node that system is allowed.Recognize obtaining the node of the audit more than 2f+1 Can in the case of, it is possible to think to reach common understanding.Account book in system safeguarded by accounting nodes and audit node, its in system His node is not involved in common recognition process, but can see the various message of the transmission during knowing together.
In the present embodiment, accounting nodes and audit node are selected automatically, by the accounting nodes and audit node of microcommunity It is responsible for production block, the convergent time complexity of common recognition process is constant, substantially increases efficiency so that the property of block catenary system It can be obviously improved, it is to avoid POW calculates the resource consumption that power contest is caused.
Step S206, each accounting nodes are being met respectively by the transaction record in trading pit into newly-built block After the audit condition of setting, the block of self record is packaged as candidate subchunk respectively, to audit Node subsets broadcast.Newly-built The size of block meets the predefined size of block catenary system (namely all newly-built blocks have identical data capacity), And the hashed value for the selected block reached common understanding including the last time.Newly-built block includes the hashed value of father's block；Newly-built area Transaction record in block includes the digital signature of transaction content transaction initiator.
The audit condition of above-mentioned setting can include：The residual capacity of newly-built block is not enough to fill a new transaction Record.So as to which accounting nodes are after a block is filled up, the packing of candidate subchunk is carried out, the time that block is reached common understanding can be with Network condition automatically derives adjustment without code intervention.When defining block production with other compared to bit coin in the prior art Between the common recognition mechanism that is spaced, it is necessary to check that the method in the generation time regulation algorithm difficulty of history block, the present embodiment breaks through This limitation, does not deposit corresponding computation burden naturally also.
Candidate subchunk is generated according to capacity in the method for the present embodiment, filling one is not enough in the residual capacity of newly-built block Packed during the new transaction record of bar, be not rely on the time, it is to avoid empty block or the less block of data volume occur, it is to avoid As occurred the phenomenon of a large amount of empty blocks in bit coin, system storage efficiency is substantially increased.
Step S208, each audit node is tested all candidate subchunks received according to default audit regulation respectively Card, picks out unique candidate subchunk, adds wide in audit Node subsets after itself audit stamp to the candidate subchunk picked out Broadcast.It is each audit node receive other audit node broadcasts select result after, the candidate subchunk that itself is selected and its He is compared the candidate subchunk that node selects of auditing, it is determined that the more excellent situation of the candidate subchunk selected of other audit nodes Under, the audit stamp of itself is added to more excellent candidate subchunk again, and the candidate subchunk itself selected is abandoned, and again in audit Broadcasted in Node subsets.Optimal candidate subchunk in candidate subchunk so as to draw all accounting nodes packings.
Default audit regulation can be to select the maximum candidate subchunk of hashed value or the minimum candidate subchunk of hashed value. Each audit node carries out hash operations respectively to the candidate subchunk received respectively, obtains the hashed value of candidate subchunk；To all The hashed value of the candidate subchunk received is ranked up, by the maximum candidate subchunk of hashed value or the minimum candidate subchunk of hashed value It is used as the candidate subchunk picked out.
It is each audit node receive other audit node broadcasts select result after, the candidate subchunk that itself is selected The step of being compared with other candidate subchunks for selecting of audit nodes can be：The hashed value for the candidate subchunk that itself is selected The hashed value for the candidate subchunk selected with other audit nodes is compared, it is determined that the candidate subchunk that other audit nodes are selected Hashed value it is greater or lesser in the case of, determine that other candidate subchunks for selecting of audit nodes are more excellent.
For example using maximum hashed value as when selecting condition, the candidate subchunk selected if there is other audit nodes In the case that hashed value is bigger, then the audit stamp added before cancelling, the addition audit stamp after the bigger candidate subchunk of hashed value, Final auditing result only can the maximum candidate subchunk addition audit stamp of the hashed value to identification for each audit node.
Correspondingly, for example using minimum hashed value as when selecting condition, the time selected if there is other audit nodes In the case of selecting the hashed value of sub-block smaller, then the audit stamp added before cancelling adds after the smaller candidate subchunk of hashed value Plus audit is stabbed, final auditing result is that each audit node only can the minimum candidate subchunk addition audit of the hashed value to identification Stamp.
Step S210, audit node in office determines that the audit stamp quantity of a certain candidate subchunk exceedes the audit threshold of setting After value, assert the candidate subchunk for the audit threshold that audit stamp quantity exceedes setting turns into the selected block being included, so that complete Into process of once knowing together.
Audit threshold is carried out according to audit node total number and the quantity for Byzantium's node allowed by the promoter of system Setting.Using node total number of auditing as n, the maximum quantity of the error node that system is allowed is f, and n=3f+1 situation Under, the corresponding audit stamp quantity of some a certain candidate subchunks exceed 2f+1 (namely the audit node accreditation more than 2/3rds this During candidate subchunk), assert that the candidate subchunk is reached common understanding.
In above-mentioned book keeping operation and audit process, by multiple accounting nodes for automatically generating while going out block, by multiple audit nodes Collective audits, and greatly improves attacker's collusion difficulty.Accounting nodes can not individually obtain legal block, because simply by the presence of non- Byzantium's node, most hit mechanism that the block that Byzantium's node is produced can not also be put by auditing.
Audit stamp can include the digital signature of audit node and charge to the audit fee of the audit node；Each accounting nodes The candidate subchunk of construction is attached with the digital signature of the accounting nodes and charges to the book keeping operation expense of the accounting nodes；Wrapped in transaction record Transaction content and the digital signature of transaction initiator are included, so as to avoid the behavior forged, security is improved, it is possible to provide Review means.
After selected block is determined, selected block is broadcasted in whole network, using this previous selected block as Father's block writes block chain, after this common recognition is completed, and can enter the election that next round is selected in sub-block, by newly appointed book keeping operation section Point and audit node carry out the production of subsequent sub-block.
After completing once to keep accounts, accounting nodes and audit node can be with automatic alternates, the selected node needs newly produced Meet and overregistering or audit be not engaged in the common recognition implementation process set before this time, that is, same node kept accounts or Audit needs the block of at least interval setting, so as to improve the enforcement difficulty of Sybil attack.
The method of rotation accounting nodes and audit node can include：Again it is random from both candidate nodes to increase certain amount Selected node, and from selected Node subsets reject same number selected node.Participate in block production accounting nodes and Audit node automatic alternate, greatly improves Sybil attack (Sybil Attack) enforcement difficulty.Accounting nodes independent can not be obtained To legal block, because simply by the presence of non-Byzantium's node, the block that Byzantium's node is produced can not also pass through point of auditing Most hit mechanism.
In the block chain produced using the generation method for block of being known together in the block chain of the present embodiment, the first area of block chain The record that block is defined as creating each block after generation block, wound generation block has the pointer (or be ID) of a upper block, And the record of the audit (including participating in the audit stamp of the audit node of audit) of a upper block.What adjacent two reached common understanding In selected block, selected block before can be described as father's block of latter selected block, and correspondingly, selected block afterwards can claim For the sub-block of previous selected block.Setting quantity (such as 2f+ of above-mentioned introduction has been obtained in audit process in a block 1) individual audit stamp after, sub-block before upgrades to new father's block, in father's block before write-in block chain, as root block.One Denier has new block to produce, and refreshes the height of block chain, and starts the common recognition of a new round.
In normal state, the algorithm for producing block is performed according to below scheme：
Arbitrary node broadcasts transaction data, and the signature with transaction node to the whole network in system.
All accounting nodes independently monitor the transaction data of the whole network, and in write-in block；
After remaining off-capacity is to write a new transaction in block, carries out data packing and obtain candidate subchunk, And sign, the audit information of candidate subchunk is sent to audit node broadcasts；
Audit node is audited to the corresponding candidate subchunk of audit information, is added and is examined after qualified candidate subchunk of auditing Meter stamp；
Arbitrary node determines that the 2f+1 audit stamp that obtained of a certain candidate subchunk (is examined it is assumed that now having 3f+1 Count node) after, common recognition is formed, and obtains new sub-block, sub-block before is changed into father's block.
Message transmission in the generating process of above-mentioned common recognition block ensures the integrality of message and true by cryptological technique Reality, wherein audit stamp includes the digital signature of audit node and charges to the audit fee of the audit node；Each accounting nodes structure The candidate subchunk made is attached with the digital signature of the accounting nodes and charges to the book keeping operation expense of the accounting nodes；Transaction record includes Transaction content and the digital signature of transaction initiator.
The generation method of common recognition block can have advantages below in the block chain of the present embodiment：
Accounting nodes and audit node are selected due to automatic, production district is responsible for by the accounting nodes and audit node of microcommunity Block, the convergent time complexity of common recognition process is constant, substantially increases efficiency so that the performance of block catenary system is significantly carried Rise, it is to avoid POW calculates the resource consumption that power contest is caused.In addition, by multiple accounting nodes for selecting automatically, collective goes out simultaneously Block, finally achieving the selected sub-block of common recognition can not predict in advance, lose DDOS and Eclipse Prerequisite；
Candidate subchunk is generated according to capacity, when the residual capacity of newly-built block is not enough to one new transaction record of filling Packed, be not rely on the time, it is to avoid empty block or the less block of data volume occur, it is to avoid as occurred in bit coin The phenomenon of a large amount of sky blocks, improves system storage efficiency, the time that block is reached common understanding can automatically derive adjustment with network condition Without code intervention.Compared to the common recognition mechanism that bit coin defines block production time interval with other, it is necessary to check history The generation method of common recognition block is without this limit in the generation time regulation algorithm difficulty of block, the block chain that the present invention is provided System, does not deposit corresponding computation burden naturally also；
The accounting nodes and audit node automatic alternate of block production are participated in, Sybil attack (Sybil is greatly improved Attack enforcement difficulty).Accounting nodes can not individually obtain legal block, because simply by the presence of non-Byzantium's node, visiing Account for most hit mechanism that the block of front yard node generation can not also be put by auditing.
According to the other side of the present embodiment, a kind of computing device 10 is additionally provided.Fig. 3 is according to a reality of the invention The schematic diagram of the computing device 10 of example is applied, the computing device 10 includes the computer journey that is stored with storage device 11, storage device Sequence 12, makes computing device 10 complete common recognition district in the block chain in any of the above-described embodiment when wherein computer program 12 is performed The generation method of block.
The computing device 10 of the present embodiment can be the server that is arranged on network or other possess certain computing capability Equipment, by running computer program 12 so that these servers or other network equipments turn into the section in block catenary system Point.The storage device 11 of the present embodiment can be such as flash memory, EEPROM, EPROM, hard disk or ROM etc Electronic saving Device.Storage device 11 has the memory space for the computer program 12 for being used to perform any method and step in the above method.This A little computer programs 12 can read or be written to this one or more from one or more computer program product In computing device 10.These computer program products include such as hard disk, compact-disc (CD), storage card or floppy disk etc Program code carrier.When computing device 10 reads and runs above computer program 12, its processor can perform foregoing description Method in each step.
Algorithm and display be not inherently related to any certain computer, virtual system or miscellaneous equipment provided herein. Various general-purpose systems can also be used together with based on teaching in this.As described above, construct required by this kind of system Structure be obvious.In addition, the present invention is not also directed to any certain programmed language.It is understood that, it is possible to use it is various Programming language realizes the content of invention described herein, and the description done above to language-specific is to disclose this hair Bright preferred forms.
So far, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that detailed herein have shown and described multiple showing for the present invention Example property embodiment, still, still can be direct according to present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention It is determined that or deriving many other variations or modifications for meeting the principle of the invention.Therefore, the scope of the present invention is understood that and recognized It is set to and covers other all these variations or modifications.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of generation method for block of being known together in block chain, including：
Node in point to point network is voluntarily registered as both candidate nodes, and broadcast registration turns into time in the point to point network Select the message of node；
A subset is selected from the both candidate nodes of net as selected Node subsets, and selected Node subsets are divided at random For accounting nodes subset and audit Node subsets, the accounting nodes subset interior joint is as accounting nodes, the audit node Node in subset is used as audit node；
Each accounting nodes are respectively by the transaction record in trading pit into newly-built block, and the audit set in satisfaction After condition, the block of self record is packaged as candidate subchunk respectively, to the audit Node subsets broadcast；
Each audit node is verified according to default audit regulation to all candidate subchunks received respectively, is picked out Unique candidate subchunk, adds to the candidate subchunk picked out and is broadcasted after itself audit stamp in the audit Node subsets；
Each audit node receive other audit node broadcasts select result after, the candidate subchunk that itself is selected with The candidate subchunk that other audit nodes are selected is compared, in the situation that the candidate subchunk that nodes are selected it is determined that other are audited is more excellent Under, the audit stamp of itself is added to more excellent candidate subchunk again, and the candidate subchunk itself selected is abandoned, and again described Node subsets of auditing are interior to broadcast；
Audit node in office determines that the audit stamp quantity of a certain candidate subchunk exceedes after the audit threshold of setting, assert that this is examined The candidate subchunk for the audit threshold that meter stamp quantity exceedes setting turns into the selected block being included, so as to complete once to know together Journey.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, a subset is selected from the both candidate nodes of net as selected section The step of point subset, includes：
Be ranked up in the both candidate nodes of net by performance, will before this last time obtain selected block as screening input ginseng Number random a subset that votes in from the forward both candidate nodes of performance ranking is and described as the selected Node subsets The selected condition that both candidate nodes turn into the selected Node subsets includes following any one or more：The account balance of node, Node in net historical record, network performance.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein,
When using the network performance as selected condition, a subset is selected from the both candidate nodes of net as entering The step of selecting Node subsets includes：
The network performance of the both candidate nodes in net is ranked up, the outstanding candidate's section of forward network performance that sorts is obtained Point subset, with the hashed value of the newest selected block once reached common understanding as the input of fitness function, the time obtained to sequence Select the both candidate nodes in Node subsets to be voted at random, obtain selected Node subsets.
4. method according to claim 2, wherein,
Both candidate nodes as the selected Node subsets are also required during the common recognition of setting number of times recently without as note Account node.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein,
The audit condition of the setting includes：The residual capacity of the newly-built block is not enough to the new transaction note of filling one Record；
The size of the newly-built block meets the predefined size of block catenary system, and including entering of reaching common understanding of last time The hashed value of constituency block.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein,
The step of each audit node is verified according to default audit regulation to all candidate subchunks received respectively Including：Each audit node carries out hash operations respectively to the candidate subchunk received respectively, obtains the candidate subchunk Hashed value；Hashed value to all candidate subchunks received is ranked up, by the maximum candidate subchunk of the hashed value or The minimum candidate subchunk of hashed value described in person as the candidate subchunk picked out, and
The candidate subchunk that the candidate subchunk that each audit node selects itself is selected with other audit nodes is compared The step of include：The hashed value for the candidate subchunk that the hashed value for the candidate subchunk that itself is selected is selected with other audit nodes is entered Row compares, and in the case of it is determined that the hashed value for the candidate subchunk that other audit nodes are selected is greater or lesser, determines that other are examined The candidate subchunk that meter node is selected is more excellent.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein also including assert after the selected block：
The selected block is broadcasted, block chain is write using this previous selected block as father's block.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein also including after completing once to know together：
Increase a number of selected node at random again from the both candidate nodes, and rejected from the selected Node subsets The selected node of same number.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein
Audit stamp includes the digital signature of the audit node and charges to the audit fee of the audit node；
The candidate subchunk of each accounting nodes construction is attached with the digital signature of the accounting nodes and charges to the accounting nodes Book keeping operation expense；
The transaction record includes transaction content and the digital signature of transaction initiator；
The audit threshold according to it is described audit node total number and Byzantium's node allowed quantity by system promoter Set.
10. be stored with computer program on a kind of computing device, including storage device, the storage device, wherein described calculate Machine program makes the computing device complete block of being known together in the block chain any one of claim 1 to 9 when being performed Generation method.
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