CN111464539A - Block chain accounting method and accounting node - Google Patents
Block chain accounting method and accounting node Download PDFInfo
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- CN111464539A CN111464539A CN202010247163.5A CN202010247163A CN111464539A CN 111464539 A CN111464539 A CN 111464539A CN 202010247163 A CN202010247163 A CN 202010247163A CN 111464539 A CN111464539 A CN 111464539A
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Abstract
The application discloses a block chain accounting method and an accounting node, comprising the following steps: receiving new blocks and check point information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain; acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in check point information; determining all check points in the block chain according to the first check point, the second check point, the first check point height and the second check point height; determining the number of blocks generated this time by a billing node in a subtree of each check point in a block chain and the generation time interval of each block generated this time; and if the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time meet preset conditions, recording the new block into the block chain account book. The problem of long-distance attack is solved, malicious nodes are prevented from calculating a large number of blocks in advance and then releasing the blocks once again, corresponding original block chains are recombined, and normal operation of cross-chain transaction is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a block chain accounting method and an accounting node.
Background
Given the currently limited transaction processing speed of blockchains, spam transactions or excessive number of transactions in the short term can lead to blockchain network congestion. In the public chain system bitcoin and ether house with the largest influence, the situation that the blocking of excessive transactions is not confirmed for hours or even days occurs. The chain networking formed by the cross-chain may cause the cross-chain transaction to be overtime and cannot be cancelled in time because the blockchain on one side of the cross-chain network is blocked, and even a large-area cross-chain interaction blocking risk exists.
The long distance attack means that in a blockchain network adopting a proof of entitlement (PoS) consensus algorithm, a malicious node may pre-calculate a large number of blocks to be released again, so that a corresponding original blockchain is recombined. The cross-chain transactions completed based on the blocks before replacement will all be cancelled, the transactions in the cross-chain network will be doubled accordingly, and the intelligent contract may have a situation that the trigger condition is satisfied and the execution is finished, but then the trigger condition is rolled back. Hackers are likely to be able to take advantage of it because the benefits of both parties to the transaction cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims at the problem of long-distance attack in cross-chain transaction, and provides a block chain accounting method and an accounting node.
As a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a block chain accounting method, the method including:
receiving new blocks and check point information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain;
acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information;
determining all checkpoints in the blockchain as a function of the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height;
determining the number of blocks generated this time by the other accounting nodes in the subtree of each check point in the block chain and the generation time interval of each block generated this time;
and if the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time meet preset conditions, recording the new block into a block chain account book.
Preferably, the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, including:
the number of the blocks generated this time is smaller than a first threshold, and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold.
Preferably, the acquiring a first checkpoint, a second checkpoint, a first checkpoint height, and a second checkpoint height in the checkpoint information includes:
and if one of the second check point and the first check point is a parent block of the other check point, and a block in which at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of the cross-chain transaction, acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information.
Preferably, said determining all checkpoints in the blockchain from the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height and the second checkpoint height comprises:
sequentially selecting check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and taking the height of the first check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed;
and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and taking the height of the second check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed.
Preferably, after the recording the new block into the blockchain ledger book, the method further includes:
and if the other block chain accounts record the blocks of the cross-chain transaction object nodes, performing cross-chain transaction with the cross-chain transaction object nodes.
Preferably, after receiving the new block and the checkpoint information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain, the method further includes:
acquiring information used for representing mortgage assets in the new block;
after the recording the new block into the blockchain ledger, the method further includes:
broadcasting the information representing the mortgage assets in the block chain after a set period of time so that the other accounting nodes receive the information representing the mortgage assets.
As a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a billing node comprising:
the receiving module is used for receiving the new blocks and the check point information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain;
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information;
a first determination module to determine all checkpoints in the blockchain according to the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height;
a second determining module, configured to determine the number of blocks generated this time by the other accounting nodes in the subtree of each check point in the block chain and a generation time interval of each block generated this time;
and the recording module is used for recording the new blocks into the block chain account book if the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time meet preset conditions.
Preferably, the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, including:
the number of the blocks generated this time is smaller than a first threshold, and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold.
Preferably, the first obtaining module is specifically configured to:
and if one of the second check point and the first check point is a parent block of the other check point, and a block in which at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of the cross-chain transaction, acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information.
Preferably, the first determining module is specifically configured to:
sequentially selecting check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and taking the height of the first check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed;
and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and taking the height of the second check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the transaction execution module is used for performing cross-chain transaction with the cross-chain transaction object node if the blocks of the cross-chain transaction object node are recorded in other block chain accounts.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring information used for representing mortgage assets in the new block;
and the broadcasting module is used for broadcasting the information for representing the mortgage assets in the block chain after a set time period so as to enable the other accounting nodes to receive the information for representing the mortgage assets.
The method comprises the steps that a bookkeeping node receives new blocks and check point information issued by other bookkeeping nodes in a block chain, all check points of the whole block chain are determined through the check point information, all the check points are checked, the number of blocks generated by other bookkeeping nodes in a subtree of each check point in the block chain at this time and the generation time interval of each block generated at this time are determined, and when the number of the blocks generated at this time and the generation time interval of each block generated at this time meet preset conditions, the new blocks are recorded into a block chain account book, so that the problem of long-distance attack is solved. And malicious nodes are prevented from pre-calculating a large number of blocks and releasing the blocks once again, so that corresponding original block chains are recombined. The situation that all cross-chain transactions completed based on the block before replacement are cancelled, the transactions in the cross-chain network are duplicated, the intelligent contract is ended, and the triggering condition is rolled back later is avoided, benefits of both transaction parties are guaranteed, user experience is improved, and development of the block chain is promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a block chain accounting method according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an accounting node according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The application provides a block chain accounting method and an accounting node. The following detailed description is made with reference to the drawings of the embodiments provided in the present application, respectively.
As a first embodiment of the present application, a block chain accounting method is provided, which is applied to performing cross-chain transaction between block chains, and the method of this embodiment is performed by both accounting nodes that need to perform cross-chain transaction. As shown in fig. 1, when the node is an accounting node in two blockchains that need to perform cross-chain transaction, the blockchain accounting method includes:
step 101, receiving new blocks and checkpoint information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain.
In this step, each time a accounting node in the blockchain generates a new block, the check point information is also required to be broadcast while the private key signature broadcasts the new block. The accounting node receives the new block and the check point information broadcast by other accounting nodes.
It should be noted that, prior to this step, a checkpoint in the block chain needs to be established in advance. The blocks in the existing block chain account form a block tree which grows continuously as the number of the blocks in the block chain account increases continuously from the created block serving as a root node. Normally, there will be only an odd number of "child" blocks in each block to which a "parent" block is connected in the block tree, and one of the odd number of child blocks is used as the parent block of the next layer, and then the odd number of "child" blocks of the next layer are connected, and so on. Instead of processing the entire block tree, we need to check the subtree of checkpoints each time. The authored block is a checkpoint and the height of each block is a checkpoint when the block number is an exact multiple of 100. The height h (c) of the inspection point c is the number of block intervals from the block of the inspection point c to the created block. For simplicity, a block with a "checkpoint height" of 100k will be referred to as k.
Step 102, a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information are obtained.
In this step, the billing node obtains the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height and the second checkpoint height in the checkpoint information broadcast by the other billing nodes.
Step 103, determining all check points in the block chain according to the first check point, the second check point, the first check point height and the second check point height.
In this step, all checkpoints in the blockchain are traversed according to the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height and the second checkpoint height to check all checkpoints in the blockchain. The cross-chain transaction may be validated for execution only after all checkpoints have passed.
And step 104, determining the number of the blocks generated this time by other accounting nodes in the subtree of each check point in the block chain and the generation time interval of each block generated this time.
In the step, whether odd sub-blocks subordinate to each check point are correct or not is checked according to the number of blocks generated this time by the accounting node in the sub-tree of each check point and the generation time interval of each block generated this time.
And 105, recording the new blocks into the block chain account book if the number of the blocks generated at this time and the generation time interval of each block generated at this time meet preset conditions.
In this step, if the number of blocks generated this time by the accounting node in the subtree of each check point and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, it indicates that other accounting nodes issuing new blocks are not hacker nodes that release a large number of blocks at one time, and then the new blocks issued by the other accounting nodes may be written into the block chain ledger.
The method comprises the steps that a bookkeeping node receives new blocks and check point information issued by other bookkeeping nodes in a block chain, all check points of the whole block chain are determined through the check point information, all the check points are checked, the number of blocks generated by other bookkeeping nodes in a subtree of each check point in the block chain at this time and the generation time interval of each block generated at this time are determined, and when the number of the blocks generated at this time and the generation time interval of each block generated at this time meet preset conditions, the new blocks are recorded into a block chain account book, so that the problem of long-distance attack is solved. And malicious nodes are prevented from pre-calculating a large number of blocks and releasing the blocks once again, so that corresponding original block chains are recombined. The situation that all cross-chain transactions completed based on the block before replacement are cancelled, the transactions in the cross-chain network are duplicated, the intelligent contract is ended, and the triggering condition is rolled back later is avoided, benefits of both transaction parties are guaranteed, user experience is improved, and development of the block chain is promoted.
In some embodiments, the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, including: the number of the blocks generated this time is smaller than a first threshold, and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold.
Specifically, the number of blocks generated by other accounting nodes of this time involved in the subtree of each check point is counted, and if the number of blocks is smaller than a first threshold and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold, it is indicated that the other accounting nodes are not a hacker node that releases a large number of blocks at one time, and then new blocks issued by the other accounting nodes may be written into the block chain ledger. It should be noted that the first threshold and the second threshold are generally a small value.
In some embodiments, the obtaining the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height in the checkpoint information (i.e., step 102) includes: and if one of the second check point and the first check point is a parent block of the other check point, and a block in which at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of cross-chain transaction, acquiring the first check point, the second check point, the first check point height and the second check point height in the check point information.
Specifically, when checking the checkpoints, it is necessary to check whether odd sub-blocks subordinate to each checkpoint are correct, and verify that one of the second checkpoint and the first checkpoint is a parent block of the other checkpoint, so as to ensure that the subtree of the checkpoints is complete. Meanwhile, the block where at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of cross-chain transaction, and the check point information passes verification, so that the first check point, the second check point, the first check point height and the second check point height in the check point information can be obtained.
It should be noted that, if one of the first checkpoint and the second checkpoint is a parent block of the other checkpoint, the block number of the checkpoint as the parent block is 100 k.
In some embodiments, said determining all checkpoints in the blockchain from the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height comprises: sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and the first check point height as the block interval number until the whole block chain is traversed; and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and the second check point height as the block interval number until the whole block chain is traversed.
In this step, according to the first inspection point height and the second inspection point height, the block tree of a lower block chain needs to be traversed, the block interval number between the created block and the first inspection point is the first inspection point height, and the block interval number between the created block and the second inspection point is the second inspection point height. The number of block intervals between the next selected checkpoint and the new subsequent checkpoint is then either the first checkpoint height or the second checkpoint height. Sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and the first check point height as the block interval number until the whole block chain is traversed; and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and the second check point height as the block interval number until the whole block chain is traversed.
In some embodiments, after the recording the new block into the blockchain ledger (i.e. step 105), the method further includes: and if the other block chain accounts record the blocks of the cross-chain transaction object nodes, performing cross-chain transaction with the cross-chain transaction object nodes.
Before this step, both blockchains that need to perform cross-chain transactions perform the above steps of the present embodiment.
Specifically, for whether a certain cross-chain transaction is executed or not, two blockchains are set, one blockchain is a blockchain A, the other blockchain is a blockchain B, and the two blockchains have different consensus mechanisms and creators. At node M in blockchain a, it is necessary to transfer funds to node N in blockchain B. When the cross-chain transaction is written into the blockchain account in both blockchain a and blockchain B, and each check point in different blockchains is checked, the recording success message is broadcast in the other blockchain. When a cross-chain transaction object node in the blockchain A or the blockchain B receives a recording success message broadcasted in the blockchain, the cross-chain transaction can be executed to ensure that no long-distance attack is generated in the blockchain A or the blockchain B to cause the cross-chain transaction to be invalid.
In some embodiments, the node is an originator node, and after receiving the new block and checkpoint information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain (i.e. step 101), the method further includes: acquiring information used for representing mortgage assets in the new block; after the recording the new block into the blockchain ledger (i.e. step 105), the method further includes: broadcasting the information representing the mortgage assets in the block chain after a set period of time so that the other accounting nodes receive the information representing the mortgage assets.
Specifically, two blockchains that need to perform cross-chain transactions can be provided with the following consensus mechanism. When each accounting node issues a new block, no matter whether the new block robs the accounting right of the nth block at this time, the accounting node needs to add a certain amount of coins or funds in the new block at this time as information for representing the mortgage assets in the new block at this time, so that an originator node in the block chain acquires the mortgage assets. Therefore, a certain amount of mortgage assets are in the hands of the originator nodes, and the possibility that a hacker node calculates a large number of blocks in advance and then releases the blocks once again to cause recombination of corresponding original block chains is avoided. After a new block is written into the blockchain ledger, after a set period of time has elapsed, the originator node broadcasts the information representing the mortgage assets in the blockchain so that the accounting node that issued the new block acquires the mortgage assets. In addition, each accounting node is provided with a guarantee fee every time a new block is issued, and the deposit of each accounting node increases or decreases with the increase or decrease of the rewards and the fine.
As a second embodiment of the present application, a billing node is provided. As shown in fig. 2, the accounting node comprises a receiving module 11, a first obtaining module 12, a first determining module 13, a second determining module 14 and a recording module 15. The accounting node provided by the present application is used for executing the block chain accounting method provided by the first embodiment of the present application. The method comprises the following specific steps:
as a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a billing node comprising:
and the receiving module 11 is used for receiving the new blocks and the checkpoint information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain.
The first obtaining module 12 is configured to obtain a first checkpoint, a second checkpoint, a first checkpoint height, and a second checkpoint height in the checkpoint information.
A first determining module 13, configured to determine all checkpoints in the block chain according to the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height and the second checkpoint height.
A second determining module 14, configured to determine the number of blocks generated this time by the other accounting nodes in the subtree of each check point in the block chain and the generation time interval of each block generated this time.
And the recording module 15 is configured to record the new block into the block chain book if the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time meet preset conditions.
Preferably, the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, including:
the number of the blocks generated this time is smaller than a first threshold, and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold.
Preferably, the first obtaining module 12 is specifically configured to:
and if one of the second check point and the first check point is a parent block of the other check point, and a block in which at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of the cross-chain transaction, acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information.
Preferably, the first determining module 13 is specifically configured to:
sequentially selecting check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and taking the height of the first check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed;
and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and taking the height of the second check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the transaction execution module is used for performing cross-chain transaction with the cross-chain transaction object node if the blocks of the cross-chain transaction object node are recorded in other block chain accounts.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring information used for representing mortgage assets in the new block;
and the broadcasting module is used for broadcasting the information for representing the mortgage assets in the block chain after a set time period so as to enable the other accounting nodes to receive the information for representing the mortgage assets.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for block chain accounting, the method comprising:
receiving new blocks and check point information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain;
acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information;
determining all checkpoints in the blockchain as a function of the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height;
determining the number of blocks generated this time by the other accounting nodes in the subtree of each check point in the block chain and the generation time interval of each block generated this time;
and if the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time meet preset conditions, recording the new block into a block chain account book.
2. The block chain accounting method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, and the method comprises:
the number of the blocks generated this time is smaller than a first threshold, and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold.
3. The method for blockchain accounting according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height and the second checkpoint height in the checkpoint information comprises:
and if one of the second check point and the first check point is a parent block of the other check point, and a block in which at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of the cross-chain transaction, acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information.
4. The blockchain accounting method of claim 1, wherein the determining all checkpoints in the blockchain according to the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height comprises:
sequentially selecting check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and taking the height of the first check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed;
and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and taking the height of the second check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed.
5. The blockchain accounting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein after the recording of the new block into a blockchain ledger, further comprising:
and if the other block chain accounts record the blocks of the cross-chain transaction object nodes, performing cross-chain transaction with the cross-chain transaction object nodes.
6. The blockchain accounting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising, after receiving the new block and checkpoint information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the blockchain:
acquiring information used for representing mortgage assets in the new block;
after the recording the new block into the blockchain ledger, the method further includes:
broadcasting the information representing the mortgage assets in the block chain after a set period of time so that the other accounting nodes receive the information representing the mortgage assets.
7. An accounting node, comprising:
the receiving module is used for receiving the new blocks and the check point information broadcast by other accounting nodes in the block chain;
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information;
a first determination module to determine all checkpoints in the blockchain according to the first checkpoint, the second checkpoint, the first checkpoint height, and the second checkpoint height;
a second determining module, configured to determine the number of blocks generated this time by the other accounting nodes in the subtree of each check point in the block chain and a generation time interval of each block generated this time;
and the recording module is used for recording the new blocks into the block chain account book if the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time meet preset conditions.
8. The accounting node of claim 7, wherein the number of the blocks generated this time and the generation time interval of each block generated this time satisfy preset conditions, including:
the number of the blocks generated this time is smaller than a first threshold, and the generation time interval of each block generated this time is larger than a second threshold.
9. The accounting node of claim 7, wherein the first obtaining module is specifically configured to:
and if one of the second check point and the first check point is a parent block of the other check point, and a block in which at least one of the first check point and the second check point is located contains data of the cross-chain transaction, acquiring a first check point, a second check point, a first check point height and a second check point height in the check point information.
10. The accounting node of claim 7, wherein the first determining module is specifically configured to:
sequentially selecting check points in the block chain by taking the first check point as a starting point and taking the height of the first check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed;
and sequentially selecting the check points in the block chain by taking the second check point as a starting point and taking the height of the second check point as the number of block intervals until the whole block chain is traversed.
11. Accounting node according to any of claims 7-10, further comprising:
and the transaction execution module is used for performing cross-chain transaction with the cross-chain transaction object node if the blocks of the cross-chain transaction object node are recorded in other block chain accounts.
12. Accounting node according to claims 7-11, further comprising:
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring information used for representing mortgage assets in the new block;
and the broadcasting module is used for broadcasting the information for representing the mortgage assets in the block chain after a set time period so as to enable the other accounting nodes to receive the information for representing the mortgage assets.
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